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The ability of the human visual system (HVS) to perceive a three-dimensional (3D) image at once is finite, but the detail contrast of the light field display (LFD) is typically degraded during both acquisition and imaging stages. It is consequently difficult for viewers to rapidly find a region of interest from the displayed 3D scene. Existing image detail boosting solutions suffer from noise amplification, over-exaggeration, angular variations, or heavy computational burden. In this paper, we propose a selective enhancement method for the captured light field image (LFI) that empowers an attention-guiding LFD. It is based on the fact that the visually salient details within a LFI normally co-occur frequently in both spatial and angular domains. These co-occurrence statistics are effectively exploited. Experimental results show that the LFDs improved by our efficient method are free of undesirable artifacts and robust to disparity errors while retaining correct parallaxes and occlusion relationships, thus reducing HVS’s efforts to cognitively process 3D images. Our work is, to the best of our knowledge, the first in-depth research on computational and content-aware LFD contrast editing, and is expected to facilitate numerous LFD-based applications.

Coronary atherosclerosis is one of the major factors causing cardiovascular diseases. However, identifying the tipping point (predisease state of disease) and detecting early-warning signals of human coronary atherosclerosis for individual patients are still great challenges. The landscape dynamic network biomarkers (l-DNB) methodology is based on the theory of dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs), and can use only one-sample omics data to identify the tipping point of complex diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis. Based on the l-DNB methodology, by using the metabolomics data of plasma of patients with coronary atherosclerosis at different stages, we accurately detected the early-warning signals of each patient. Moreover, we also discovered a group of dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) which play key roles in driving the progression of the disease. Our study provides a new insight into the individualized early diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis and may contribute to the development of personalized medicine.

Graphical Abstract, Summary Background Adolescents and young adults might play a key role in the worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) because they are more likely to be involved in overseas study, business, work, and travel. However, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics remain unknown. Methods We collected demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data from 46 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged 10 to 35 years from the Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital. Several key epidemiological parameters, asymptomatic cases, transmission to family members, and clinical characteristics at admission and during treatment were summarized. Results Of 46 confirmed patients, 14 patients (30.4%) were aged between 10 and 24 years, and 24 (52.2%) patients were male. The estimated mean incubation period was 6.6 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4–9.6). The median serial interval was 1.9 days (95% CI 0.4–6.2). Three of the asymptomatic cases showed transmission to their family members. Only one patient was identified as a severe case at admission. The common symptoms at admission were dry cough (34, 81.0%) and fever (29, 69.1%). Nearly 60% of the patients showed ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomography. Three patients developed acute kidney injury during treatment. Most of the patients (78.3%) recovered and were discharged by the end of the follow-up. Conclusions This single-center study with a relatively small sample size showed that adolescent and young adult patients with COVID-19 had a long incubation period and a short serial interval. The transmission occurred from asymptomatic cases to family members. Fewer patients developed complications during treatment., Public Summary • Adolescents and young adults are more involved in frequent social activity, overseas studying, and international working or tourism which make them to be susceptible to the worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). • Adolescent and younger patients with COVID-19 had a median incubation period of 8 days, and 50% of their family contacts developed illness within 1.4 days after exposure. • Three asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 infected their family contacts. • Few adolescent and young adult patients showed severe clinical signs and symptoms such as bacterial pneumonia changes by Chest CT findings, fever, and shortness of breath. • Most adolescent and young adult patients had better prognosis outcomes after treatment.

Aims To explore whether the combination of atorvastatins and resveratrol is superior to each individual drug alone regarding re-endothelialization after drug-eluting stents (DESs) implantation. Materials and methods Ninety-four rabbits were randomized into control, atorvastatin, resveratrol, and combined medication groups. Abdominal aorta injury was induced via ballooning, followed by DES implantation. Neointimal formation and re-endothelialization after stent implantation were assessed via optical coherence tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of resveratrol and atorvastatin on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal derived stem cells (BMSCs) were assessed. Key findings Compared with the findings in the resveratrol and atorvastatin groups, the neointimal area and mean neointimal thickness were greater in the combined medication group, which also exhibited improved re-endothelialization. Compared with the effects of monotherapy, combined treatment further protected BMSCs against rapamycin-induced apoptosis and improved cell migration. Combined medication significantly upregulated Akt, p-Akt, eNOS, p-eNOS, and CXCR4 expression in BMSCs compared with the effects of monotherapy, and these effects were abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Significance The combination of atorvastatin and resveratrol has the potential of accelerating re-endothelialization after stent implantation, reducing the risk of thrombosis and improving the safety of DESs.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between baseline thrombocytopenia and long-term clinical outcomes among patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia (TP) commonly occurs among patients undergoing PCI. However, whether TP has any influence on the outcome of PCI patients remains controversial. METHODS We examined 9,897 consecutive patients who underwent elective PCI in Fuwai Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. Baseline thrombocytopenia was defined as platelet count

Background The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and in-hospital mortality risk among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. Methods and Results We included 35,964 patients diagnosed with AMI in China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and December 2016. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to BMI level: BMI Conclusions Our study provided robust evidence supporting “obesity paradox” in a contemporary large-scale cohort of patients with AMI and demonstrated that increased BMI was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality.

BACKGROUND Accurate risk stratification of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients is important due to great variability in mortality risk, but, to date, no prediction model has been available. The aim of this study was therefore to establish a risk score to predict in-hospital mortality risk in NSTEMI patients.Methods and Results:We enrolled 5,775 patients diagnosed with NSTEMI from the China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry and extracted relevant data. Patients were divided into a derivation cohort (n=4,332) to develop a multivariable logistic regression risk prediction model, and a validation cohort (n=1,443) to test the model. Eleven variables independently predicted in-hospital mortality and were included in the model: age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, Killip classification, cardiac arrest, electrocardiogram ST-segment depression, serum creatinine, white blood cells, smoking status, previous angina, and previous percutaneous coronary intervention. In the derivation cohort, the area under curve (AUC) for the CAMI-NSTEMI risk model and score was 0.81 and 0.79, respectively. In the validation cohort, the score also showed good discrimination (AUC, 0.86). Diagnostic performance of CAMI-NSTEMI risk score was superior to that of the GRACE risk score (AUC, 0.81 vs. 0.72; P

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is associated with complex metabolic disorders, but its molecular aetiology remains unclear. Using a novel nontargeted metabolomics approach, we explored the global metabolic perturbation profile for CHD. Blood samples from 150 patients with severe obstructive CHD and 150 angiographically normal controls were collected. Metabolic fingerprinting was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) technique. After adjusting for CHD traditional risk factors and metabolic batch, a comprehensive list of 105 metabolites was found to be significantly altered in CHD patients. Among the metabolites identified, six metabolites were discovered to have the strongest correlation with CHD after adjusting for multiple testing: palmitic acid (β = 0.205; p

Introduction The intentional strategy (aggressive side branch (SB) protection strategy: elective two-stent strategy or jailed balloon technique) is thought to be associated with lower SB occlusion rate than conventional strategy (provisional two-stent strategy or jailed wire technique). However, most previous studies showed comparable outcomes between the two strategies, probably due to no risk classification of SB occlusion when enrolling patients. There is still no randomised trial compared the intentional and conventional strategy when treating bifurcation lesions with high risk of SB occlusion. We aim to investigate if intentional strategy is associated with significant reduction of SB occlusion rate compared with conventional strategy in high-risk patients. Methods and analysis The Conventional versus Intentional straTegy in patients with high Risk prEdiction of Side branch OccLusion in coronary bifurcation interVEntion (CIT-RESOLVE) is a prospective, randomised, single-blind, multicentre clinical trial comparing the rate of SB occlusion between the intentional strategy group and the conventional strategy group (positive control group) in a consecutive cohort of patients with high risk of side branch occlusion defined by V-RESOLVE score, which is a validated angiographic scoring system to evaluate the risk of SB occlusion in bifurcation intervention and used as one of the inclusion criteria to select patients with high SB occlusion risk (V-RESOLVE score ≥12). A total of 21 hospitals from 10 provinces in China participated in the present study. 566 patients meeting all inclusion/exclusion criteria are randomised to either intentional strategy group or conventional strategy group. The primary endpoint is SB occlusion (defined as any decrease in thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade or absence of flow in SB after main vessel stenting). All patients are followed up for 12-month postdischarge. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by all local ethics committee. The ethics committee have approved the study protocol, evaluated the risk to benefit ratio, allowed operators with a minimum annual volume of 200 cases to participate in the percutaneous coronary intervention procedure and permitted them to perform both conventional and intentional strategies. Written informed consent would be acquired from all participants. The findings of the trial will be shared by the participant hospitals and disseminated through peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT02644434; Pre-results.

Risk stratification is important among patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We have previously developed and validated CAMI-NSTEMI score to predict in-hospital death among NSTEMI patients. However, some variables in the score may limit its application in clinical

ObjectivesTo simplify our previous risk score for predicting the in-hospital mortality risk in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) by dropping laboratory data.DesignProspective cohort.SettingMulticentre, 108 hospitals across three levels in China.ParticipantsA total of 5775 patients with NSTEMI enrolled in the China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) registry.Primary outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality.ResultsThe simplified CAMI-NSTEMI (SCAMI-NSTEMI) score includes the following nine variables: age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, Killip classification, cardiac arrest, ST-segment depression on ECG, smoking status, previous angina and previous percutaneous coronary intervention. Within both the derivation and validation cohorts, the SCAMI-NSTEMI score showed a good discrimination ability (C-statistics: 0.76 and 0.83, respectively); further, the SCAMI-NSTEMI score had a diagnostic performance superior to that of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score (C-statistics: 0.78 and 0.73, respectively; pConclusionsThe SCAMI-NSTEMI score can serve as a useful tool facilitating rapid risk assessment among a broader spectrum of patients admitted owing to NSTEMI.Trial registration numberNCT01874691.

IntroductionSmoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of smoking on in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who are managed by contemporary treatment is still unclear.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the China AMI registry between 2013 and 2016. Eligible patients were diagnosed with AMI in accordance with the third universal definition of MI. Propensity score (PS) matching and multivariable logistic regression were used to control for confounders. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine whether the association between smoking and in-hospital mortality varies according to baseline characteristics.ResultsA total of 37 614 patients were included. Smokers were younger and more frequently men with fewer comorbidities than non-smokers. After PS matching and multivariable log regression analysis were performed, the difference in in-hospital mortality between current smokers versus non-smokers was reduced, but it was still significant (5.1% vs 6.1%, p=0.0045; adjusted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.88, pConclusionsSmoking is associated with lower in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI, even after multiple analyses to control for potential confounders. This ‘smoker’s paradox’ cannot be fully explained by confounding alone.Trial registration numberNCT01874691.

To investigate the predictors of and generate a risk prediction method for periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the new PMI definition proposed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI).The SCAI-defined PMI was found to be associated with worse prognosis than the PMI diagnosed by other definitions. However, few large-sample studies have attempted to predict the risk of SCAI-defined PMI.A total of 3,371 patients (3,516 selective PCIs) were included in this single-center retrospective analysis. The diagnostic criteria for PMI were set according to the SCAI definition. All clinical characteristics, coronary angiography findings and PCI procedural factors were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of PMI. To evaluate the risk of PMI, a multivariable risk score (PMI score) was constructed with incremental weights attributed to each component variable according to their estimated coefficients.PMI occurred in 108 (3.1%) of all patients. Age, multivessel treatment, at least one bifurcation treatment and total treated lesion length were independent predictors of SCAI-defined PMI. PMI scores ranged from 0 to 20. The C-statistic of PMI score was 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.76). PMI rates increased significantly from 1.96% in the non-high-risk group (PMI score 10) to 6.26% in the high-risk group (PMI score ≥ 10) (P 0.001).Age, multivessel treatment, at least one bifurcation treatment, and total treated lesion length are predictive of PMI. The PMI score could help identify patients at high risk of PMI after PCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

To assess diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence between elderly onset and younger onset diabetes with similar diabetes duration and evaluate the association between DR prevalence and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels.A total of 1787 patients with diabetes were enrolled between January 2010 and November 2015. Fundoscopy examination was performed. Patients were divided into three groups by age of diagnosis (45, 45-64, and ⩾65years) for the analysis of the prevalence of DR. Among them, 150 patients underwent serum IGF-1 measurement. The serum IGF-1 level was compared between patients65years and ⩾65years.Among 1787 patients, 779 (43.6%) had DR, in which proliferative DR (PDR) 229 (12.8%) patients. For similar diabetes duration, DR prevalence was lower in elderly onset patients. Patients ⩾65years at diagnosis had significantly lowest PDR prevalence of the three groups for similar diabetes duration. IGF-1 levels were lower in patients ⩾65years than in patients65years (104.89±49.91ng/mL vs. 141.73±62.04ng/mL, P0.001).Elderly onset patients with diabetes have lower prevalence of PDR than those younger onset patients for similar diabetes duration, which may relate with lower serum IGF-1 levels in older patients. Thus, less stringent glycemic control in older onset patients with diabetes may not increase the prevalence of PDR.

The authors synthesized methacrylic acid ester (AE) monomers by direct esterification of methacrylic acid and fatty alcohols using paratoluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor, and toluene as solvent. Then, methacrylic acid ester-maleic anhydride (AM) copolymers were prepared by solution free radical copolymerization with benzoyl peroxide as initiator. The structures of the monomer and copolymer were confirmed by IR. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was selected as the research method to investigate the wax formation process in the lube oils without and with adding AM. The results show that it possess the best solidification point depression (ΔSP) when the molar ratio of the reaction materials is 3:1 and the polydispersity is 1.81. It can execute a maximum depression of solidification point (SP) of the tested lube oils by 29, 21, and 20°C, respectively. The AM additive has little effect on the total amount of wax, but just shift the precipitation toward lo...

The associations between the Arg399Gln polymorphism in X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) gene and the risk of hematological malignancies have been extensively investigated. However, the results were inconsistent. The objective of the current study is to investigate the association by meta-analysis. We searched PubMed database, Embase database, CNKI database, Wanfang database, and Weipu database, covering all studies until August 7, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Revman4.2 software and the Stata10.0 software. A total of 27 case–control studies concerning the Arg399Gln polymorphism were included from 26 articles. The results suggested that the Arg399Gln polymorphism was not associated with an increased/decreased risk of hematological malignancies in total analysis (OR = 1.15, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–1.35, P = 0.10 for Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln vs. Arg/Arg). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity and cancer types, significant association was found in Asians (OR = 1.35, 95 % CI = 1.04–1.75, P = 0.03) but not in Europeans (OR = 1.07, 95 % CI = 0.86–1.33, P = 0.56), and in leukemia (OR = 1.25, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.54, P = 0.03) but not in lymphoma (OR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.80–1.20, P = 0.84) or myeloma (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 0.23–5.69, P = 0.88). The current meta-analysis indicated that the Arg399Gln polymorphism in the XRCC1 gene might be a risk factor for hematological malignancies in Asians or for leukemia. In future, more large-scale case–control studies are needed to validate these results.

SPOT-5 multi-spectral image is rich in spectral information. Its four spectral bands are red, green, near-infrared and short-infrared, which have a good value in the area of forest vegetation application. SPOT-5 panchromatic image has high spatial resolution of 2.5 meter, in line with the requirements of the general application. So the application of SPOT-5 satellite data in optical image is very extensive. In this paper, by the software of ERDAS, SPOT-5 high-resolution and multi-spectral image are fused with method of PCA (Principle Component), Multiplicative and Brovey-transformation. The fused images retain multi-spectral information while maximizing the spatial resolution, which can not only improve the visual effects of image, and also can be used in classification. It provides professional graphics for the measurement and favorable data for remote sensing image interpretation. Classification is carried out to evaluate the effect of fusion with three different methods. And classification results of fusion images are compared with thee classification of original SPOT-5 multi-spectral image. The conclusions are: among the three integration methods, Brovey-transformation has the best visual effects, and its fused image retains better spectral information of the original image while maintaining sharpening the image effect. The classification accuracy of Brovey-transform fusion reaches 85%.

Using SPOT-5, QuickBird, ALOS optical data with linear regression model, forest stock volume is quantitative estimated in Zhazuo Forest of Xiuwen County of Guizhou Province. The optimal ratio of band is chosen from the above three types of optical remote sensing data respectively by the criteria of mean residual sum of square called RMSq. Combined with GIS factors (tree species, land type, altitude, slope and slope aspect, forest age group, canopy density), the linear estimation model is confirmed. Four experiments are carried out using the three data respectively and multiple-source data. In this study, compared with the others, regression prediction model using ALOS data fits best. In this experiment, its root mean square error equals 0.623929, the total forecast relative error of the regression model equals 0.082878, and prediction error equals 0.75233. The ALOS ratio wave bands which finally enter the regression equation are AL1-AL2 /AL1+AL2, AL3/AL2, AL3-AL2/AL3+AL2. The use of multi-source data is also worthy of consideration.