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116. The Impact of NOAA Satellite Soundings on the Numerical Analysis and Forecast System of the People's Republic of China. Part 1. FGGE Data. Part 2. December 1987 Data

Author

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION SILVER SPRING MD, Gruber, Arnold, Zonghao, Wang, Thomasell, Albert, Chen, T. S., Ruff, Irwin, Jianping, Mao, Ji-hong, Huang, Kaiser, Dale, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION SILVER SPRING MD, Gruber, Arnold, Zonghao, Wang, Thomasell, Albert, Chen, T. S., Ruff, Irwin, Jianping, Mao, Ji-hong, Huang, and Kaiser, Dale

Abstract

The impact of NOAA satellite sounding data on the numerical analysis and forecast system of the People's Republic of China has been investigated. Four experiments were conducted. They are: (1) NOSAT; which uses conventional data only and provides benchmark statistics for the performance of the forecast model, (2) SAT; which includes satellite and conventional data (3) ALLSAT; which uses satellite data only, except for conventional surface data required to define the 1000 mb height reference level, and (4) DATGUESS; which uses the ALLSAT analysis as the first guess to which conventional dat are then added. Seven areas deemed to have adequate conventional data for definition of truth. The impact of satellite data was then assessed by computing systematic errors, changes in S1 skill score and root mean square errors for 24 and 48 h forecasts of Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and 500 mb height. Overall, the Chinese model is found to underforecast the strength of features in the mean SLP fields, i.e., pressures are too low near high pressure systems and too high near low pressure systems. The same type of pattern is also seen in the mean 500 mb height forecast. In general, satellite data have been shown to reduce systematic error near where the data have been introduced in the vicinity of low pressure systems. A positive impact on root-mean-square errors of up 10 11.5% was observed over land for SLP and 8% over ocean for 500 mb height for forecast period of 48 h. However, only a meager increase of 5.5% in S1 skill score was observed at SLP for 48 h forecast over oceans.

Published
1990

148. Modeling study of the surface tension and gravitational effects on flow injection in center-gated disks.

Author

Li, C. T., Wu, B. Y., and Chen, T. S.

Subjects
SURFACE tension, FLOW injection analysis, COMPOSITE materials, FLOW visualization, GRAVITATION, FINITE element method
Abstract

Flow injection in center-gated disks was experimentally studied in this paper for possible applications in the manufacturing of composite materials in space. The experimental set-up used in this study was designed to provide flow visualization of the mold filling process. To record the progression of the fluid flow front in the mold, the experiment was filmed using a CCD. The effects of gravitation and surface tension on the development of flow front progression and front shape were examined for a wide range of the governing parameters (namely, the capillary and Stokes numbers). It has been found that surface tension tends to hold the flow front in symmetric shape while gravitation tends to distort it. The balance of these two forces has significant effects on the progression of the flow and the front shape. Results obtained from this experimental model not only validate the finite element method (FEM) model thus developed but also provide useful information in the design of the resin transfer molding process in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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