149 results on '"Chen, Dexiang"'
Search Results
102. Vaccine stabilization: Research, commercialization, and potential impact
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Kristensen, Debra, primary, Chen, Dexiang, additional, and Cummings, Ray, additional
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- 2011
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103. DNA vaccine delivery by densely-packed and short microprojection arrays to skin protects against vaginal HSV-2 challenge
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Kask, Angela Shaulov, primary, Chen, Xianfeng, additional, Marshak, Joshua O., additional, Dong, Lichun, additional, Saracino, Misty, additional, Chen, Dexiang, additional, Jarrahian, Courtney, additional, Kendall, Mark A., additional, and Koelle, David M., additional
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- 2010
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104. Heat-stable measles vaccine produced by spray drying
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Ohtake, Satoshi, primary, Martin, Russell A., additional, Yee, Luisa, additional, Chen, Dexiang, additional, Kristensen, Debra D., additional, Lechuga-Ballesteros, David, additional, and Truong-Le, Vu, additional
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- 2010
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105. Three Dimensional Friction Contact Model and Its Application in Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Shrouded Blades
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Liu, Yalin, primary, Xu, Zili, additional, Gu, Weiwei, additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 2010
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106. Characterization of a thermostable hepatitis B vaccine formulation
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Braun, LaToya Jones, primary, Jezek, Jan, additional, Peterson, Sabrina, additional, Tyagi, Anil, additional, Perkins, Shalimar, additional, Sylvester, David, additional, Guy, Mark, additional, Lal, Manjari, additional, Priddy, Scott, additional, Plzak, Heidi, additional, Kristensen, Debra, additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
- Published
- 2009
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107. Effect of temperature on the immune system of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)--I. Leucocyte distribution and phagocyte function in the anterior kidney at 10 degrees C
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Chen Dexiang, A. J. Ainsworth, P. R. Waterstrat, and T. Greenway
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Phagocyte ,Neutrophils ,Phagocytosis ,Lymphocyte ,Acclimatization ,Kidney ,Immune system ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Leukocytes ,Animals ,Phagocytes ,biology ,Temperature ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Respiratory burst ,Ictaluridae ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ictalurus ,Immune System ,Catfish - Abstract
1. Temperatures of 18 degrees C for acclimation or assay had minimal or no effect on channel catfish phagocyte function. Significant suppression was observed at 10 degrees C acclimation and assay temperature. 2. According to the results of a multiple acclimation/assay temperature combination study, the primary impact of temperature on phagocyte function was due to the assay temperature. 3. The only functional change caused by acclimation temperature was the possible adaptation of the respiratory burst. However, 10 degrees C acclimation did cause a decline in the number of lymphocytes in the anterior kidney but not the number of neutrophils. In a temperature-kinetic study, the suppressive effect of 10 degrees C assay temperature was confirmed. 4. Results of our study indicated that phagocytosis in channel catfish is temperature-mediated. However, phagocytes appeared to be more resistant to low temperature than lymphocytes, which implies the importance of phagocytosis in the defense mechanisms of channel catfish at low temperatures.
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- 1991
108. A Novel DNA-Based Vaccine Methodology for AIDS
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POWDERJECT VACCINES INC MADISON WI, Chen, Dexiang, POWDERJECT VACCINES INC MADISON WI, and Chen, Dexiang
- Abstract
A novel DNA-based vaccine strategy, employing a particle delivery device to administer gold beads directly into the cells of the epidermis was tested for the ability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses to the AIDS virus and to generate preclinical data for future human clinical trials. SIV DNA vaccine induction of CTL correlated with significant virus load reduction of up to 10,000-fold when compared to control monkeys following challenge with a pathogenic, heterologous SIV. DNA administration to either the skin or mucosal tissue induced low levels of mucosal antigen-specific CTL and antibody responses. Following intrarectal challenge with SIV, virus loads were below the limit of detection in 4 of 7 DNA vaccinated monkeys and in 1 of 7 control animals. Studies to evaluate a CTL epitope-based DNA vaccine demonstrated the induction of high frequency CD8+ T cell responses in rhesus macaques. Evaluation of strategies to augment or modulate immune responses induced by particle-mediated DNA immunization demonstrated that co-administration of DNA with adjuvants resulted in substantial augmentation of both antibody and CTL.
- Published
- 1999
109. Peptide induces CD4+CD25+ and IL-10+ T cells and protection in airway allergy models
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Zuleger, Cindy L., primary, Gao, Xiaoyan, additional, Burger, Melissa S., additional, Chu, Qili, additional, Payne, Lendon G., additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 2005
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110. Epidermal powder immunization: cellular and molecular mechanisms for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity
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Chen, Dexiang, primary, Burger, Melissa, additional, Chu, Qili, additional, Endres, Ryan, additional, Zuleger, Cindy, additional, Dean, Hansi, additional, and Payne, Lendon G, additional
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- 2004
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111. Influenza Vaccine Powder Formulation Development: Spray‐Freeze‐Drying and Stability Evaluation
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Maa, Yuh‐Fun, primary, Ameri, Mahmoud, additional, Shu, Cassandra, additional, Payne, Lendon G., additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 2004
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112. Pre-clinical and clinical studies of epidermal powder immunization with an influenza vaccine
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Chen, Dexiang, primary, Dean, Hansi, additional, and Payne, Lendon G, additional
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- 2004
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113. A protective effect of epidermal powder immunization in a mouse model of equine herpesvirus-1 infection
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Kondo, Takashi, primary, McGregor, Martha, additional, Chu, Qili, additional, Chen, Dexiang, additional, Horimoto, Taisuke, additional, and Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, additional
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- 2004
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114. A Novel DNA-Based Vaccine Methodology for Aids
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POWDERJECT VACCINES INC MADISON WI, Chen, Dexiang, POWDERJECT VACCINES INC MADISON WI, and Chen, Dexiang
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Efforts in this funding year focused on gene gun-based induction of mucosal immune responses and enhancement of CTL. Gene gun-based DNA immunization of rhesus macaques resulted in further refinement of DNA delivery parameters based on the degree of local inflammation. A comparison between mucosal and skin immunization revealed qualitative differences in localized mucosal responses but not peripheral blood responses. Efforts to enhance CTL responses resulted in the development of a gene gun-based method that induces high frequency T cell responses in these animals. Studies were also initiated to evaluate the potential of a DNA immunization regimen as an adjuvant to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Gene gun-based DNA immunization of mice demonstrated enhancement of antigen specific CTL responses by co-delivering DNA encoding lL-6. Direct delivery of DNA to the tongue of mice demonstrated the tongue was not an inductive site for mucosal responses.
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- 1998
115. Stabilization of Alum-Adjuvanted Vaccine Dry Powder Formulations: Mechanism and Application
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Maa, Yuh-Fun, primary, Zhao, Lu., additional, Payne, Lendon G., additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 2003
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116. Epidermal Powder Immunization Induces both Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte and Antibody Responses to Protein Antigens of Influenza and Hepatitis B Viruses
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Chen, Dexiang, primary, Weis, Kathleen F., additional, Chu, Qili, additional, Erickson, Cherie, additional, Endres, Ryan, additional, Lively, Chris R., additional, Osorio, Jorge, additional, and Payne, Lendon G., additional
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- 2001
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117. Serum and Mucosal Immune Responses to an Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine Induced by Epidermal Powder Immunization
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Chen, Dexiang, primary, Periwal, Sangeeta B., additional, Larrivee, Katherine, additional, Zuleger, Cindy, additional, Erickson, Cherie A., additional, Endres, Ryan L., additional, and Payne, Lendon G., additional
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- 2001
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118. The Levels and Bactericidal Capacity of Antibodies Directed against the UspA1 and UspA2 Outer Membrane Proteins of Moraxella ( Branhamella ) catarrhalis in Adults and Children
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Chen, Dexiang, primary, Barniak, Vicki, additional, VanDerMeid, Karl R., additional, and McMichael, John C., additional
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- 1999
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119. Isolation and Characterization of Two Proteins from Moraxella catarrhalis That Bear a Common Epitope
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McMichael, John C., primary, Fiske, Michael J., additional, Fredenburg, Ross A., additional, Chakravarti, Deb N., additional, VanDerMeid, Karl R., additional, Barniak, Vicki, additional, Caplan, Jeffrey, additional, Bortell, Eric, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Arumugham, Rasappa, additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 1998
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120. Isolation and Characterization of Two Proteins fromMoraxella catarrhalis That Bear a Common Epitope
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McMichael, John C., primary, Fiske, Michael J., additional, Fredenburg, Ross A., additional, Chakravarti, Deb N., additional, VanDerMeid, Karl R., additional, Barniak, Vicki, additional, Caplan, Jeffrey, additional, Bortell, Eric, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Arumugham, Rasappa, additional, and Chen, Dexiang, additional
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- 1998
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121. Contrasting IgA and IgG Neutralization Capacities and Responses to HIV Type 1 gp120 V3 Loop in HIV-Infected Individuals
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KOZLOWSKI, PAMELA A., primary, CHEN, DEXIANG, additional, ELDRIDGE, JOHN H., additional, and JACKSON, SUSAN, additional
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- 1994
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122. Preparation of Acrylate Copolymer Containing Fluorine and Silicon Latex.
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Dai Weishuai, Xu Lin, Xie Hongde, and Chen Dexiang
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ACRYLATES ,COPOLYMERS ,LATEX ,FLUORINE ,SILICON - Abstract
In this paper, acrylate copolymer latexes containing fluorine and silicon were prepared via semi continuous emulsion copolymerization in the presence of dodecyl-benzenesulfonic acid (DBSA). The effects of the contents of catalyst and monomers on the stability of emulsion were systemically investigated. FTIR, TEM and TGA were used to analyze the properties of the latexes and films. The results indicated that when the amount of D
F 3 was 20%, DBSA was 0.7%, VTES was 3%, the final product was much more stable. The average particle size of the latexes was about 88 nm with a narrow distribution. The thermal stability of the film was improved and the water absorption rate was declined by the addition of fluorosilicone monomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
123. The Levels and Bactericidal Capacity of Antibodies Directed against the UspA1 and UspA2 Outer Membrane Proteins ofMoraxella(Branhamella) catarrhalisin Adults and Children
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Chen, Dexiang, Barniak, Vicki, VanDerMeid, Karl R., and McMichael, John C.
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe UspA1 and UspA2 proteins from Moraxella catarrhalisshare antigenic epitopes and are promising vaccine candidates. In this study, the levels and bactericidal activities of antibodies in sera from healthy adults and children toward UspA1 and UspA2 from the O35E strain were measured. Human sera contained antibodies to both proteins, and the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were age dependent. Adult sera had significantly higher titers of IgG than child sera (P< 0.01). The IgG3 titers to the UspA proteins were higher than the IgG1 titers in the adults’ sera, while the IgG1 titers were higher than the IgG3 titers in the children’s sera (P< 0.05). The IgG antibodies in the sera from 2-month-old children appeared to be maternally derived, since the mean titer was significantly higher than that in sera from 6- to 7-month-old children (P< 0.05). Serum IgA antibodies to both UspA1 and UspA2 were low during the first 7 months of age but thereafter gradually increased along with the IgG titers. Analysis of sera absorbed with UspA1 or UspA2 showed that the antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were cross-reactive with each other and associated with serum bactericidal activity. Examination of affinity-purified human antibodies confirmed that naturally acquired antibodies to UspA1 and UspA2 were bactericidal and cross-reactive. These results support using UspA1 and UspA2 in a vaccine to prevent M. catarrhalisinfections.
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- 1999
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124. Isolation and Characterization of Two Proteins fromMoraxella catarrhalisThat Bear a Common Epitope
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McMichael, John C., Fiske, Michael J., Fredenburg, Ross A., Chakravarti, Deb N., VanDerMeid, Karl R., Barniak, Vicki, Caplan, Jeffrey, Bortell, Eric, Baker, Steven, Arumugham, Rasappa, and Chen, Dexiang
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe UspA1 and UspA2 proteins of Moraxella catarrhalisare potential vaccine candidates for preventing disease caused by this organism. We have characterized both proteins and evaluated their vaccine potential using both in vitro and in vivo assays. Both proteins were purified from the O35E isolate by Triton X-100 extraction, followed by ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Analysis of the sequences of internal peptides, prepared by enzymatic and chemical cleavage of the proteins, revealed that UspA1 and UspA2 exhibited distinct structural differences but shared a common sequence including an epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody 17C7. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), purified UspA1 exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 350,000 when unheated and a molecular weight of 100,000 after being heated for 10 min at 100°C. In contrast, purified UspA2 exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 240,000 by SDS-PAGE that did not change with the length of time of heating. Their sizes as determined by gel filtration were 1,150,000 and 830,000 for UspA1 and UspA2, respectively. Preliminary results indicate the proteins have separate functions in bacterial pathogenesis. Purified UspA1 was found to bind HEp-2 cells, and sera against UspA1, but not against UspA2, blocked binding of the O35E isolate to the HEp-2 cells. UspA1 also bound fibronectin and appears to have a role in bacterial attachment. Purified UspA2, however, did not bind fibronectin but had an affinity for vitronectin. Both proteins elicited bactericidal antibodies in mice to homologous and heterologous disease isolates. Finally, mice immunized with each of the proteins, followed by pulmonary challenge with either the homologous or a heterologous isolate, cleared the bacteria more rapidly than mock-immunized mice. These results suggest that UspA1 and UspA2 serve different virulence functions and that both are promising vaccine candidates.
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- 1998
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125. Monthly dynamic meteorological dataset of tropical semi- deciduous monsoon rain forest in Jianfengling, Hainan Province (1957–2018)
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Wang Luying, Wang Luying, primary, Zhang Chunsheng, Zhang Chunsheng, additional, Lin Mingxian, Lin Mingxian, additional, Zhou Zhang, Zhou Zhang, additional, Li Yide, Li Yide, additional, and Chen Dexiang, Chen Dexiang, additional
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126. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots
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ForestPlots.net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean-Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow-de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Tran, Hieu Dang, ForestPlots.net, Blundo, Cecilia, Carilla, Julieta, Grau, Ricardo, Malizia, Agustina, Malizia, Lucio, Osinaga-Acosta, Oriana, Bird, Michael, Bradford, Matt, Catchpole, Damien, Ford, Andrew, Graham, Andrew, Hilbert, David, Kemp, Jeanette, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William, Ishida, Francoise Yoko, Marshall, Andrew, Waite, Catherine, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pfascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, de Haulleville, Thales, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Hardy, Olivier, Hubau, Wannes, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, Brewer, Steven W., Alarcón, Alfredo, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arets, Eric, Arroyo, Luzmila, Chavez, Ezequiel, Fredericksen, Todd, Villaroel, René Guillén, Sibauty, Gloria Gutierrez, Killeen, Timothy, Licona, Juan Carlos, Lleigue, John, Mendoza, Casimiro, Murakami, Samaria, Gutierrez, Alexander Parada, Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Poorter, Lourens, Toledo, Marisol, Cayo, Jeanneth Villalobos, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Vos, Vincent, Ahumada, Jorge, Almeida, Everton, Almeida, Jarcilene, de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, da Cruz, Wesley Alves, de Oliveira, Atila Alves, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Obermuller, Flávio Amorim, Andrade, Ana, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Vieira, Simone Aparecida, Aquino, Ana Carla, Aragão, Luiz, Araújo, Ana Claudia, Assis, Marco Antonio, Gomes, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin, Baccaro, Fabrício, de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa, Barni, Paulo, Barroso, Jorcely, Bernacci, Luis Carlos, Bordin, Kauane, de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Broggio, Igor, Camargo, José Luís, Cardoso, Domingos, Carniello, Maria Antonia, Rochelle, Andre Luis Casarin, Castilho, Carolina, Castro, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias, Castro, Wendeson, Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto, Costa, Flávia, de Oliveira, Rodrigo Costa, Coutinho, Italo, Cunha, John, da Costa, Lola, da Costa Ferreira, Lucia, da Costa Silva, Richarlly, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Marta, de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor, de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, de Queiroz, Luciano, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, do Espírito Santo, Mário, Domingues, Tomas, dos Santos Prestes, Nayane Cristina, Carneiro, Steffan Eduardo Silva, Elias, Fernando, Eliseu, Gabriel, Emilio, Thaise, Farrapo, Camila Laís, Fernandes, Letícia, Ferreira, Gustavo, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro, Ferreira, Socorro, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Freitas, Maria Aparecida, García, Queila S., Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Graça, Paulo, Guilherme, Frederico, Hase, Eduardo, Higuchi, Niro, Iguatemy, Mariana, Barbosa, Reinaldo Imbrozio, Jaramillo, Margarita, Joly, Carlos, Klipel, Joice, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Levis, Carolina, Lima, Antonio S., Dan, Maurício Lima, Lopes, Aline, Madeiros, Herison, Magnusson, William E., dos Santos, Rubens Manoel, Marimon, Beatriz, Junior, Ben Hur Marimon, Grillo, Roberta Marotti Martelletti, Martinelli, Luiz, Reis, Simone Matias, Medeiros, Salomão, Meira-Junior, Milton, Metzker, Thiago, Morandi, Paulo, do Nascimento, Natanael Moreira, Moura, Magna, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Nagy, Laszlo, Nascimento, Henrique, Nascimento, Marcelo, Lima, Adriano Nogueira, de Araújo, Raimunda Oliveira, Silva, Jhonathan Oliveira, Pansonato, Marcelo, Sabino, Gabriel Pavan, de Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra, Rodrigues, Pablo José Francisco Pena, Piedade, Maria, Rodrigues, Domingos, Rodrigues Pinto, José Roberto, Quesada, Carlos, Ramos, Eliana, Ramos, Rafael, Rodrigues, Priscyla, de Sousa, Thaiane Rodrigues, Salomão, Rafael, Santana, Flávia, Scaranello, Marcos, Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Natalino, Silveira, Marcos, Seixas, Cristiana Simão, Simbine, Marta, Souza, Ana Claudia, Souza, Priscila, Souza, Rodolfo, Sposito, Tereza, Junior, Edson Stefani, do Vale, Julio Daniel, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Villela, Dora, Vital, Marcos, Xaud, Haron, Zanini, Katia, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Ideris, Nur Khalish Hafizhah, Metali, Faizah binti Hj, Salim, Kamariah Abu, Saparudin, Muhd Shahruney, Serudin, Rafizah Mat, Sukri, Rahayu Sukmaria, Begne, Serge, Chuyong, George, Djuikouo, Marie Noel, Gonmadje, Christelle, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Sonké, Bonaventure, Taedoumg, Hermann, Zemagho, Lise, Thomas, Sean, Baya, Fidèle, Saiz, Gustavo, Espejo, Javier Silva, Chen, Dexiang, Hamilton, Alan, Li, Yide, Luo, Tushou, Niu, Shukui, Xu, Han, Zhou, Zhang, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Escobar, Juan Carlos Andrés, Arellano-Peña, Henry, Duarte, Jaime Cabezas, Calderón, Jhon, Bravo, Lina Maria Corrales, Cuadrado, Borish, Cuadros, Hermes, Duque, Alvaro, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Espinosa, Sandra Milena, Franke-Ante, Rebeca, García, Hernando, Gómez, Alejandro, González-M., Roy, Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Álvaro, Jimenez, Eliana, Jurado, Rubén, Oviedo, Wilmar López, López-Camacho, René, Cruz, Omar Aurelio Melo, Polo, Irina Mendoza, Paky, Edwin, Pérez, Karen, Pijachi, Angel, Pizano, Camila, Prieto, Adriana, Ramos, Laura, Correa, Zorayda Restrepo, Richardson, James, Rodríguez, Elkin, Rodriguez M., Gina M., Rudas, Agustín, Stevenson, Pablo, Chudomelová, Markéta, Dancak, Martin, Hédl, Radim, Lhota, Stanislav, Svatek, Martin, Mukinzi, Jacques, Ewango, Corneille, Hart, Terese, Yakusu, Emmanuel Kasongo, Lisingo, Janvier, Makana, Jean-Remy, Mbayu, Faustin, Toirambe, Benjamin, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Kvist, Lars, Nebel, Gustav, Báez, Selene, Céron, Carlos, Griffith, Daniel M., Andino, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Neill, David, Palacios, Walter, Peñuela-Mora, Maria Cristina, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Villa, Gorky, Demissie, Sheleme, Gole, Tadesse, Gonfa, Techane, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Baisie, Michel, Bénédet, Fabrice, Betian, Wemo, Bezard, Vincent, Bonal, Damien, Chave, Jerôme, Droissart, Vincent, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Hladik, Annette, Labrière, Nicolas, Naisso, Pétrus, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Sist, Plinio, Blanc, Lilian, Burban, Benoit, Derroire, Géraldine, Dourdain, Aurélie, Stahl, Clement, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Chezeaux, Eric, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Medjibe, Vincent, Mihindou, Vianet, White, Lee, Culmsee, Heike, Rangel, Cristabel Durán, Horna, Viviana, Wittmann, Florian, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Foli, Ernest, Balinga, Michael, Roopsind, Anand, Singh, James, Thomas, Raquel, Zagt, Roderick, Murthy, Indu K., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Mirmanto, Edi, Priyadi, Hari, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Sunderland, Terry, Yassir, Ishak, Rovero, Francesco, Vinceti, Barbara, Hérault, Bruno, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Daniels, Armandu, Tuagben, Darlington, Woods, John T., Fitriadi, Muhammad, Karolus, Alexander, Khoon, Kho Lip, Majalap, Noreen, Maycock, Colin, Nilus, Reuben, Tan, Sylvester, Sitoe, Almeida, Coronado G., Indiana, Ojo, Lucas, de Assis, Rafael, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Sheil, Douglas, Pezo, Karen Arévalo, Verde, Hans Buttgenbach, Moscoso, Victor Chama, Oroche, Jimmy Cesar Cordova, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Medina, Massiel Corrales, Cardozo, Nallaret Davila, de Rutte Corzo, Jano, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Llampazo, Gerardo Flores, Freitas, Luis, Cabrera, Darcy Galiano, Villacorta, Roosevelt García, Cabrera, Karina Garcia, Soria, Diego García, Saboya, Leticia Gatica, Rios, Julio Miguel Grandez, Pizango, Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice Honorio, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Huasco, Walter Huaraca, Aedo, Yuri Tomas Huillca, Peña, Jose Luis Marcelo, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Rodriguez, Vanesa Moreano, Vargas, Percy Núñez, Ramos, Sonia Cesarina Palacios, Camacho, Nadir Pallqui, Cruz, Antonio Peña, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Huaymacari, José Reyna, Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel, Paredes, Marcos Antonio Ríos, Bayona, Lily Rodriguez, del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Rocio, Peña, Maria Elena Rojas, Revilla, Norma Salinas, Shareva, Yahn Carlos Soto, Trujillo, Raul Tupayachi, Gamarra, Luis Valenzuela, Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Arenas, Jim Vega, Amani, Christian, Ifo, Suspense Averti, Bocko, Yannick, Boundja, Patrick, Ekoungoulou, Romeo, Hockemba, Mireille, Nzala, Donatien, Fofanah, Alusine, Taylor, David, Bañares-de Dios, Guillermo, Cayuela, Luis, la Cerda, Íñigo Granzow-de, Macía, Manuel, Stropp, Juliana, Playfair, Maureen, Wortel, Verginia, Gardner, Toby, Muscarella, Robert, Rutishauser, Ervan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Munishi, Pantaleo, Bánki, Olaf, Bongers, Frans, Boot, Rene, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Reitsma, Jan, ter Steege, Hans, van Andel, Tinde, van de Meer, Peter, van der Hout, Peter, van Nieuwstadt, Mark, van Ulft, Bert, Veenendaal, Elmar, Vernimmen, Ronald, Zuidema, Pieter, Zwerts, Joeri, Akite, Perpetra, Bitariho, Robert, Chapman, Colin, Gerald, Eilu, Leal, Miguel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Abernethy, Katharine, Alexiades, Miguel, Baker, Timothy R., Banda, Karina, Banin, Lindsay, Barlow, Jos, Bennett, Amy, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bird, Neil M., Blackburn, George A., Brearley, Francis, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David, Carvalho, Lidiany, Cho, Percival, Coelho, Fernanda, Collins, Murray, Coomes, David, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dargie, Greta, Dexter, Kyle, Disney, Mat, Draper, Freddie, Duan, Muying, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Ewers, Robert, Fadrique, Belen, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., França, Filipe, Galbraith, David, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Grace, John, Hamer, Keith, Harris, David, Jeffery, Kath, Jucker, Tommaso, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Klitgaard, Bente, Levesley, Aurora, Lewis, Simon L., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lovett, Jon, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marthews, Toby, McIntosh, Emma, Melgaço, Karina, Milliken, William, Mitchard, Edward, Moonlight, Peter, Moore, Sam, Morel, Alexandra, Peacock, Julie, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pendry, Colin, Pennington, R. Toby, de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana, Peres, Carlos, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Pugh, Thomas, Qie, Lan, Riutta, Terhi, Roucoux, Katherine, Ryan, Casey, Sarkinen, Tiina, Valeria, Camila Silva, Spracklen, Dominick, Stas, Suzanne, Sullivan, Martin, Swaine, Michael, Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vedovato, Laura, Willcock, Simon, Williams, Mathew, Alves, Luciana, Loayza, Patricia Alvarez, Arellano, Gabriel, Asa, Cheryl, Ashton, Peter, Asner, Gregory, Brncic, Terry, Brown, Foster, Burnham, Robyn, Clark, Connie, Comiskey, James, Damasco, Gabriel, Davies, Stuart, Di Fiore, Tony, Erwin, Terry, Farfan-Rios, William, Hall, Jefferson, Kenfack, David, Lovejoy, Thomas, Martin, Roberta, Montiel, Olga Martha, Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel, Poulsen, John, Primack, Richard, Silman, Miles, Steininger, Marc, Swamy, Varun, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Duncan, Umunay, Peter, Uriarte, Maria, Torre, Emilio Vilanova, Wang, Ophelia, Young, Kenneth, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Hernández, Lionel, Fernández, Rafael Herrera, Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma, Salcedo, Pedro, Sanoja, Elio, Serrano, Julio, Torres-Lezama, Armando, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, and Tran, Hieu Dang
- Abstract
Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc
127. The 60 hm;sup2 Plot in Situ Multi-Scale Species Dataset in Jianfengling Tropical Montane Rainforest, Hainan Island, China
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LI, YanPeng, primary, XU, Han*, additional, LI, Yide, additional, LUO, Tushou, additional, CHEN, Dexiang, additional, ZHOU, Zhang, additional, LIN, Mingxian, additional, and YANG, Huai, additional
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128. A gridded dataset of a leaf-age-dependent leaf area index seasonality product over tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests.
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Yang, Xueqin, Chen, Xiuzhi, Ren, Jiashun, Yuan, Wenping, Liu, Liyang, Liu, Juxiu, Chen, Dexiang, Xiao, Yihua, Song, Qinghai, Du, Yanjun, Wu, Shengbiao, Fan, Lei, Dai, Xiaoai, Wang, Yunpeng, and Su, Yongxian
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LEAF area index , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *VEGETATION dynamics , *CHLOROPHYLL spectra , *SPATIAL resolution , *TIME series analysis - Abstract
The quantification of large-scale leaf-age-dependent leaf area index has been lacking in tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (TEFs), despite the recognized importance of leaf age in influencing leaf photosynthetic capacity in this biome. Here, we simplified the canopy leaves of TEFs into three age cohorts (i.e., young, mature, and old, with different photosynthesis capacities; i.e., Vc,max) and proposed a novel neighbor-based approach to develop the first gridded dataset of a monthly leaf-age-dependent leaf area index (LAI) product (referred to as Lad-LAI) at 0.25 ∘ spatial resolution over the continental scale during 2001–2018 from satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) that was reconstructed from MODIS and TROPOMI (the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument). The new Lad-LAI products show good performance in capturing the seasonality of three LAI cohorts, i.e., young (LAI young ; the Pearson correlation coefficient of R=0.36), mature (LAI mature ; R=0.77), and old (LAI old ; R=0.59) leaves at eight camera-based observation sites (four in South America, three in subtropical Asia, and one in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)) and can also represent their interannual dynamics, validated only at the Barro Colorado site, with R being equal to 0.54, 0.64, and 0.49 for LAI young , LAI mature , and LAI old , respectively. Additionally, the abrupt drops in LAI old are mostly consistent with the seasonal litterfall peaks at 53 in situ measurements across the whole tropical region (R=0.82). The LAI seasonality of young and mature leaves also agrees well with the seasonal dynamics of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI; R=0.61), which is a proxy for photosynthetically effective leaves. Spatially, the gridded Lad-LAI data capture a dry-season green-up of canopy leaves across the wet Amazonian areas, where mean annual precipitation exceeds 2000 mm yr -1 , consistent with previous satellite-based analyses. The spatial patterns clustered from the three LAI cohorts also coincide with those clustered from climatic variables over the whole TEF region. Herein, we provide the average seasonality of three LAI cohorts as the main dataset and their time series as a supplementary dataset. These Lad-LAI products are available at 10.6084/m9.figshare.21700955.v4 (Yang et al., 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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129. Biochar industry to circular economy.
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Hu, Qiang, Jung, Janelle, Chen, Dexiang, Leong, Ken, Song, Shuang, Li, Fanghua, Mohan, Babu Cadiam, Yao, Zhiyi, Prabhakar, Arun Kumar, Lin, Xuan Hao, Lim, Ee Yang, Zhang, Le, Souradeep, Gupta, Ok, Yong Sik, Kua, Harn Wei, Li, Sam F.Y., Tan, Hugh T.W., Dai, Yanjun, Tong, Yen Wah, and Peng, Yinghong
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Biochar, produced as a by-product of pyrolysis/gasification of waste biomass, shows great potential to reduce the environment impact, address the climate change issue, and establish a circular economy model. Despite the promising outlook, the research on the benefits of biochar remains highly debated. This has been attributed to the heterogeneity of biochar itself, with its inherent physical, chemical and biological properties highly influenced by production variables such as feedstock types and treating conditions. Hence, to enable meaningful comparison of results, establishment of an agreed international standard to govern the production of biochar for specific uses is necessary. In this study, we analyzed four key uses of biochar: 1) in agriculture and horticulture, 2) as construction material, 3) as activated carbon, and 4) in anaerobic digestion. Then the guidelines for the properties of biochar, especially for the concentrations of toxic heavy metals, for its environmental friendly application were proposed in the context of Singapore. The international status of the biochar industry code of practice, feedback from Singapore local industry and government agencies, as well as future perspectives for the biochar industry were explained. Unlabelled Image • Waste to biochar is a sustainable partway to circular economy. • Four key uses of the Singapore biochar industry are analyzed and reviewed. • The code of practice for biochar application in Singapore is proposed. • Future perspective of the research, innovation and development for biochar industry is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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130. Mechanical properties of cold-rolled metastable Cr–Mn–Ni–N austenitic stainless steel at low ambient temperature.
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Zhang, Yichong, Li, Moucheng, Bi, Hongyun, Chen, Dexiang, Gu, Jiaqing, and Chang, E.
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AUSTENITIC stainless steel , *LOW temperatures , *STAINLESS steel , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopes , *STRAIN hardening , *BACKSCATTERING - Abstract
A Cr–Mn–Ni–N series high strength metastable austenitic stainless steel (14Cr10Mn) was used to investigate the effect of cold rolling reduction on mechanical properties at various low testing temperatures. Microstructures of tested samples were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) at the gauge section. The experimental results show that the size of the rib-like α′- martensite formed during tensile testing is sensitive to temperature but insensitive to cold rolling reduction. The results also show that tensile strength is more sensitive to temperature than yield strength, while the effect of cold rolling is completely opposite. The cold rolling inhibits the martensite transformation kinetics of the tensile process after promoting it at a certain temperature condition, and the promotion effect reaches a maximum value approximately 4% when the cold rolling reduction is 10%. However, it also suppresses the α′- martensite content finally formed during tensile testing due to the high stress-strain state when the cold rolling reduction exceeds 10%, while a larger cold reduction promotes the production of α′- martensite. In addition, lowering temperature can effectively promote the formation of ε-martensite at the end of the Stage I of work hardening, and becomes a transitional phase of subsequent transformation to α′- martensite, which directly leads to the enhancement of strength in the stage II of work hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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131. Assessing the potency and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine after exposure to freezing temperatures.
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White, Jessica A., Estrada, Marcus, Weldon, William C., Chumakov, Konstantin, Kouiavskaia, Diana, Fournier-Caruana, Jacqueline, Stevens, Eric, Gary, Howard E., Maes, Edmond F., Oberste, M. Steven, Snider, Cynthia J., Anand, Abhijeet, and Chen, Dexiang
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IMMUNOGENETICS , *POLIOMYELITIS vaccines , *FREEZES (Meteorology) , *IMMUNIZATION , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay - Abstract
Abstract According to manufacturers, inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPVs) are freeze sensitive and require storage between 2°C and 8°C, whereas oral poliovirus vaccine requires storage at −20 °C. Introducing IPV into ongoing immunization services might result in accidental exposure to freezing temperatures and potential loss of vaccine potency. To better understand the effect of freezing IPVs, samples of single-dose vaccine vials from Statens Serum Institut (VeroPol) and multi-dose vaccine vials from Sanofi Pasteur (IPOL) were exposed to freezing temperatures mimicking what a vaccine vial might encounter in the field. D-antigen content was measured to determine the in vitro potency by ELISA. Immunogenicity testing was conducted for a subset of exposed IPVs using the rat model. Freezing VeroPol had no detectable effect on in vitro potency (D-antigen content) in all exposures tested. Freezing of the IPOL vaccine for 7 days at −20 °C showed statistically significant decreases in D-antigen content by ELISA in poliovirus type 1 (p < 0.0001) and type 3 (p = 0.048). Reduction of poliovirus type 2 potency also approached significance (p = 0.062). The observed loss in D-antigen content did not affect immunogenicity in the rat model. Further work is required to determine the significance of the loss observed and the implications for vaccine handling policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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132. Martensite transformation behavior and mechanical properties of cold-rolled metastable Cr-Mn-Ni-N austenitic stainless steels.
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Zhang, Yichong, Li, Moucheng, Bi, Hongyun, Gu, Jiaqing, Chen, Dexiang, Chang, E., and Zhang, Wei
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MARTENSITE , *AUSTENITIC stainless steel , *X-ray diffraction , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *MICROSTRUCTURE - Abstract
In order to understand the mechanism of substitution for nickel with manganese in metastable austenitic stainless steels 14Cr10Mn and 16Cr6Mn, the transformation behavior of ε- and α′- martensite and the corresponding mechanical properties were investigated in this study. The microstructures and tensile and hardness properties of the cold-rolled steels under different rolling reductions at ambient temperature were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) together with an electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that α′- martensite is not easy to be transformed from austenite, and the martensite transformation γ → ε → α′ in 14Cr10Mn and 16Cr6Mn metastable stainless steels is found during cold rolling. The results also reveal that ε- martensite acts as an hardness reinforcing phase, and high total martensite volume fraction and ratio of ε- and α′- martensite content are helpful to achieve higher tensile strength with sigmoidal shape stress-strain curves. In addition, a model considering cold rolling reduction was developed to predict the contents of ε- and α′- martensite in the steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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133. Development of a stable liquid formulation of live attenuated influenza vaccine.
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White, Jessica A., Estrada, Marcus, Flood, E. Alexander, Mahmood, Kutub, Dhere, Rajeev, and Chen, Dexiang
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INFLUENZA prevention , *INFLUENZA vaccines , *EXCIPIENTS , *VACCINE effectiveness , *FREEZE-drying ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective means of preventing influenza. However, the cost of producing annual seasonal influenza vaccines puts them out of reach for most developing countries. While live attenuated influenza vaccines are among the most efficacious and can be manufactured at low cost, they may require lyophilization to be stable enough for developing-country use, which adds a significant cost burden. The development of a liquid live attenuated seasonal influenza vaccine that is stable for around a year—the duration of an annual influenza season—would significantly improve not only the production output but also the use and accessibility of influenza vaccines in low-resource settings. In this study, potential stabilizing excipients were screened and optimized using the least stable influenza vaccine strain presently known, H1N1 (A/California/07/2009), as a model. The stability-conferring properties of the lead formulations were also tested with a Type B strain of influenza virus (B/Brisbane/60/2008). Stability was also evaluated with higher titers of influenza virus and exposure to agitation and freeze–thaw stresses to further confirm the stability of the lead formulations. Through this process, we identified a liquid formulation consisting of sucrose phosphate glutamate buffer with 1% arginine and 0.5% recombinant human serum albumin that provided storage stability of one year at 2–8 °C for the influenza A and B strains tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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134. Stability of live attenuated rotavirus vaccine with selected preservatives and primary containers.
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Lal, Manjari, Jarrahian, Courtney, Zhu, Changcheng, Hosken, Nancy A., McClurkan, Chris L., Koelle, David M., Saxon, Eugene, Roehrig, Andrew, Zehrung, Darin, and Chen, Dexiang
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GASTROENTERITIS in children , *ROTAVIRUS vaccines , *LOW-income countries , *ORAL medication , *DRUG delivery systems , *DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology - Abstract
Rotavirus infection, which can be prevented by vaccination, is responsible for a high burden of acute gastroenteritis disease in children, especially in low-income countries. An appropriate formulation, packaging, and delivery device for oral rotavirus vaccine has the potential to reduce the manufacturing cost of the vaccine and the logistical impact associated with introduction of a new vaccine, simplify the vaccination procedure, and ensure that the vaccine is safely and accurately delivered to children. Single-dose prefilled presentations can be easy to use; however, they are typically more expensive, can be a bottleneck during production, and occupy a greater volume per dose vis-à-vis supply chain storage and medical waste disposal, which is a challenge in low-resource settings. Multi-dose presentations used thus far have other issues, including increased wastage of vaccine and the need for separate delivery devices. In this study, the goals were to evaluate both the technical feasibility of using preservatives to develop a liquid multi-dose formulation and the primary packaging alternatives for orally delivered, liquid rotavirus vaccines. The feasibility evaluation included evaluation of commonly used preservatives for compatibility with rotavirus vaccines and stability testing of rotavirus vaccine in various primary containers, including Lameplast's plastic tubes, BD's oral dispenser version of Uniject™ (Uniject DP), rommelag's blow-fill-seal containers, and MEDInstill's multi-dose vial and pouch. These presentations were compared to a standard glass vial. The results showed that none of the preservatives tested were compatible with a live attenuated rotavirus vaccine because they had a detrimental effect on the viability of the virus. In the presence of preservatives, vaccine virus titers declined to undetectable levels within 1 month. The vaccine formulation without preservatives maintained a stability profile over 12 months in all primary containers that was similar to its profile in standard glass vials. This study demonstrates that there are multiple options for the primary container for rotavirus vaccines intended for oral delivery. Selection of an optimal primary container should take into consideration additional factors, including stability as well as cold chain volume, usability, cost, and manufacturing feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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135. Nitrous oxide fluxes from three forest types of the tropical mountain rainforests on Hainan Island, China.
- Author
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Bai, Zhenzhi, Yang, Gang, Chen, Huai, Zhu, Qiuan, Chen, Dexiang, Li, Yide, Wang, Xu, Wu, Zhongmin, Zhou, Guangyi, and Peng, Changhui
- Subjects
- *
RAIN forests , *NITROUS oxide , *EMISSION control , *AIR pollution , *PLANTS & the environment , *AIR quality - Abstract
Tropical rainforest soil is an important source of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O). However, there is still considerable uncertainty about the spatial and temporal variability of N2O fluxes. To understand these fluxes, we quantified the annual N2O emissions from three tropical mountain rainforests (primary mountain rainforest, PMR; secondary mountain rainforest, SMR; and Podocarpus imbricatus plantation, PIP) in the Jianfengling National Natural Reserve on Hainan Island, China. The average of N2O emissions in this area was 2.52 ± 0.33 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 (3.52 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the wet season and 1.62 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the dry season) during our study period, with highly seasonal variations. The mean N2O emission rates were significantly higher during the wet season (68% of the total average) than the dry season (32% of the total average) (P < 0.05). PIP had the highest N2O emission rate at 3.49 ± 0.61 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 (4.74 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the wet season and 2.32 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the dry season), followed by SMR at 3.03 ± 0.64 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 (4.16 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the wet season and 1.97 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the dry season), and then PMR at 1.53 ± 0.49 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 (2.21 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the wet season and 0.94 kg N–N2O ha−1 yr−1 in the dry season). We observed a significant Gaussian relationship between the N2O fluxes and soil temperature for SMR and PIP but no significant relationship in PMR. There was a significant exponential relationship between the N2O fluxes and water filled pore space (WFPS) in SMR and PIP but not in PMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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136. Performance analysis of a pilot-scale municipal solid waste gasification and dehumidification system for the production of energy and resource.
- Author
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Chu, Peng, Hu, Qiang, Chen, Jialing, Loh, Ching Yi-Anne, Lin, Alexander, Li, Xian, Chen, Dexiang, Leong, Ken, Dai, Yanjun, and Wang, Chi-Hwa
- Subjects
- *
SOLID waste , *HUMIDITY control , *POWER resources , *HEAT exchangers , *WASTE management , *CHAR , *WASTE heat - Abstract
[Display omitted] • A municipal solid waste to energy/resources system was proposed. • The performances of the gasification and dehumidification system were analyzed. • The performance decline of the desiccant coated heat exchanger was evaluated. • Mechanical tests of char-mortar mixtures were conducted. Energy consumption and waste management are two significant challenges for human societies. To realize zero waste management, a pilot-scale demonstration of the conversion of municipal solid waste to energy/resource, which is comprised of a gasification system and a dehumidification air-conditioning to produce heat, cooling, and construction-used char, is investigated and analyzed. The waste heat (60 °C hot water) from a gasification system is applied to drive a dehumidification system for cooling, while the char from the gasification is added to the construction material. The effect of cycle time and air flow rate on the performance of the dehumidification system is also analyzed. The waste to energy efficiency of 57.2%, the maximum average moisture removal of 11.6 g/kg DA , and thermal coefficient of performance of 0.76 are obtained under the climate conditions of 34 °C, 67.5% relative humidity in Singapore. Through comparison between the brand new and used desiccant coated heat exchanger, it is noted that there is a 29.37% decrease of average moisture removal corresponding with a 17.1% loss of thermal coefficient of performance. A 14.6% compressive strength increment after seven days of curing age and 10.3% of compressive strength increment after 28 days are investigated by studying the mechanical behavior of a mortar containing char. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Peptide induces CD4+CD25+ and IL-10+ T cells and protection in airway allergy models
- Author
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Zuleger, Cindy L., Gao, Xiaoyan, Burger, Melissa S., Chu, Qili, Payne, Lendon G., and Chen, Dexiang
- Subjects
- *
EOSINOPHIL disorders , *VACCINATION , *INTRAPERITONEAL injections , *T cells - Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a single peptide containing a major T cell epitope might induce peripheral tolerance in a complex allergen model. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of house dust mite extract (HDM), and exposed to antigen via trachea instillation. Der p 1 peptide was administered by i.v. before or after sensitization. Lung lavage fluids were analyzed for cellular infiltration. Respiratory exposure of sensitized mice to antigen results in airway inflammation and eosinophilia. Intravenous administration of a single peptide protected sensitized mice from these changes. Further, the emergence of antigen-specific CD25+CD4+ and IL-10 secreting cell populations in DO11.10 mice was demonstrated after peptide administration. Thus, intravenous delivery of a single peptide epitope is capable of inducing peripheral tolerance and protection in a complex allergy model, possibly through regulatory T cells and bystander suppression. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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- View/download PDF
138. Extrinsic compression of the right coronary artery by a huge aortic wall aneurysm of an aortico-left ventricular tunnel: A case report.
- Author
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Jian L, Zhang Z, Chen D, and Ge L
- Abstract
Aortico-left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) is a rare congenital disease characterised by extracardiac channel communication between the ascending aorta and the ventricle. However, there have been no reports of ALVT compressing the coronary arteries. Here, we report the case of a 57-year-old woman who presented with unstable angina due to right coronary artery compression caused by a giant aneurysmal ALVT. Preoperative imaging failed to accurately diagnose this rare anomaly. Finally, we combined surgical exploration and a three-dimensional reconstruction technique to diagnose ALVT. After surgical resection of the aneurysm and repair of the tunnel, the patient's angina resolved. This case illustrates the importance of recognising extrinsic compression of the coronary artery as a potential cause of angina pectoris. It also highlights that ALVT with atypical anatomical features may require multiple imaging techniques and even surgical exploration to confirm the diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
139. Mechanism Switch in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering: The Role of Nanoparticle Dimensions.
- Author
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Hao Q, Chen Y, Wei Y, Li G, Tang X, Chen D, Zhu X, Yao L, Zhao X, Li M, Wang J, Fan X, and Qiu T
- Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is renowned for amplifying Raman signals, with electromagnetic mechanism (EM) enhancement arising from localized surface plasmon resonances and chemical mechanism (CM) enhancement as a result of charge transfer interactions. Despite the conventional emphasis on EM as a result of plasmonic effects, recent findings highlight the significance of CM when noble metals appear as smaller entities. However, the threshold size of the noble metal clusters/particles corresponding to the switch in SERS mechanisms is not clear at present. In this work, the VSe
2- x Ox /Au composites with different Au sizes are employed, in which a clear view of the SERS mechanism switch is observed at the Au size range of 16-21 nm. Our findings not only provide insight into the impact of noble metal size on SERS efficiency but also offer quantitative data to assist researchers in making informed judgments when analyzing SERS mechanisms.- Published
- 2024
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140. Plasmonic trimers designed as SERS-active chemical traps for subtyping of lung tumors.
- Author
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Zhao X, Liu X, Chen D, Shi G, Li G, Tang X, Zhu X, Li M, Yao L, Wei Y, Song W, Sun Z, Fan X, Zhou Z, Qiu T, and Hao Q
- Subjects
- Humans, Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry, Aniline Compounds chemistry, Adenocarcinoma diagnosis, Limit of Detection, Pyridines chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Raman methods, Lung Neoplasms diagnosis, Gold chemistry, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry
- Abstract
Plasmonic materials can generate strong electromagnetic fields to boost the Raman scattering of surrounding molecules, known as surface-enhanced Raman scattering. However, these electromagnetic fields are heterogeneous, with only molecules located at the 'hotspots', which account for ≈ 1% of the surface area, experiencing efficient enhancement. Herein, we propose patterned plasmonic trimers, consisting of a pair of plasmonic dimers at the bilateral sides and a trap particle positioned in between, to address this challenge. The trimer configuration selectively directs probe molecules to the central traps where 'hotspots' are located through chemical affinity, ensuring a precise spatial overlap between the probes and the location of maximum field enhancement. We investigate the Raman enhancement of the Au@Al
2 O3 -Au-Au@Al2 O3 trimers, achieving a detection limit of 10-14 M of 4-methylbenzenethiol, 4-mercaptopyridine, and 4-aminothiophenol. Moreover, single-molecule SERS sensitivity is demonstrated by a bi-analyte method. Benefiting from this sensitivity, our approach is employed for the early detection of lung tumors using fresh tissues. Our findings suggest that this approach is sensitive to adenocarcinoma but not to squamous carcinoma or benign cases, offering insights into the differentiation between lung tumor subtypes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
141. Probing Oxidation Mechanisms in Plasmonic Catalysis: Unraveling the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species.
- Author
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Wei Y, Fan X, Chen D, Zhu X, Yao L, Zhao X, Tang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qiu T, and Hao Q
- Abstract
Plasmon-induced oxidation has conventionally been attributed to the transfer of plasmonic hot holes. However, this theoretical framework encounters challenges in elucidating the latest experimental findings, such as enhanced catalytic efficiency under uncoupled irradiation conditions and superior oxidizability of silver nanoparticles. Herein, we employ liquid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as a real-time and in situ tool to explore the oxidation mechanisms in plasmonic catalysis, taking the decarboxylation of p -mercaptobenzoic acid (PMBA) as a case study. Our findings suggest that the plasmon-induced oxidation is driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than hot holes, holding true for both the Au and Ag nanoparticles. Subsequent investigations suggest that plasmon-induced ROS may arise from hot carriers or energy transfer mechanisms, exhibiting selectivity under different experimental conditions. The observations were substantiated by investigating the cleavage of the carbon-boron bonds. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were clarified by energy level theories, advancing our understanding of plasmonic catalysis.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
142. Overexpression of MiR-181c-5p Attenuates Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury in Deep Vein Thrombosis by Targeting FOS.
- Author
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Yang F, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang X, Su Y, Zhang X, Yin Z, and Wu J
- Subjects
- Humans, Apoptosis genetics, Cell Proliferation, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells metabolism, Lipoproteins, LDL pharmacology, Lipoproteins, LDL metabolism, MicroRNAs genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Thrombosis metabolism, Venous Thrombosis genetics
- Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Its clinical therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory due to the high rate of postthrombotic syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in DVT. Therefore, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with DVT and explored their effects and underlying mechanism on endothelial cell (EC) injury.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified via microRNA sequencing and verified using real-time quantitative PCR. The biological function of miR-181c-5p in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was investigated. The target gene of miR-181c-5p was analyzed using bioinformatics and verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay.miRNA sequencing showed that miR-181c-5p was downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with DVT. Furthermore, miR-181c-5p had a high clinical diagnostic value for DVT by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. An in vitro cell model of EC injury, miR-181c-5p, was repressed in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Enhancing miR-181c-5p expression could alleviate the inhibition cell viability, cell apoptosis, raising ROS and MDA production, the reducing SOD level, and the elevated levels of thrombosis-related factor, ET-1 and vWF induced by ox-LDL. Further analysis revealed that FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS) is a target of miR-181c-5p and could antagonize the protective role of miR-181c-5p in ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury.Our research demonstrated that miR-181c-5p could attenuate ox-LDL-induced EC injury and thrombosis-related factor expression by negatively regulating FOS. These findings suggest that the miR-181c-5p/FOS axis is a promising therapeutic target for DVT.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. Long-term phosphorus addition alleviates CO 2 and N 2 O emissions via altering soil microbial functions in secondary rather primary tropical forests.
- Author
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Chen J, Ma X, Lu X, Xu H, Chen D, Li Y, Zhou Z, Li Y, Ma S, and Yakov K
- Subjects
- Soil Microbiology, Phosphorus, Forests, Nitrogen pharmacology, Nitrous Oxide analysis, Soil, Carbon Dioxide pharmacology, Carbon Dioxide analysis
- Abstract
Tropical forests, where the soils are nitrogen (N) rich but phosphorus (P) poor, have a disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) and N cycling. While N deposition substantially alters soil C and N retention in tropical forests, whether P input can alleviate these N-induced effects by regulating soil microbial functions remains unclear. We investigated soil microbial taxonomy and functional traits in response to 10-year independent and interactive effects of N and P additions in a primary and a secondary tropical forest in Hainan Island. In the primary forest, N addition boosted oligotrophic bacteria and phosphatase and enriched genes responsible for C-, P-mineralization, nitrification and denitrification, suggesting aggravated P limitation while N excess. This might stimulate P excavation via organic matter mineralization, and enhance N losses, thereby increasing soil CO
2 and N2 O emissions by 86% and 110%, respectively. Phosphorus and NP additions elevated C-mining enzymes activity mainly due to intensified C limitation, causing 82% increase in CO2 emission. In secondary forest, P and NP additions reduced phosphatase activity, enriched fungal copiotrophs and increased microbial biomass, suggesting removal of nutrient deficiencies and stimulation of fungal growth. Meanwhile, soil CO2 emission decreased by 25% and N2 O emission declined by 52-82% due to alleviated P acquisition from organic matter decomposition and increased microbial C and N immobilization. Overall, N addition accelerates most microbial processes for C and N release in tropical forests. Long-term P addition increases C and N retention via reducing soil CO2 and N2 O emissions in the secondary but not primary forest because of strong C limitation to microbial N immobilization. Further, the seasonal and annual variations in CO2 and N2 O emissions should be considered in future studies to test the generalization of these findings and predict and model dynamics in greenhouse gas emissions and C and N cycling., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
144. Canopy nitrogen addition enhance the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by improving leaf hydraulic conductivity in a subtropical forest.
- Author
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Wu G, Chen D, Zhou Z, Ye Q, and Wu J
- Abstract
Elucidating the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on the photosynthetic capacity of plants is critical to understand forest growth and conservation under global change. However, studies on this topic generally consider only understory N addition, which ignores the effect of canopy interception. In this study, we conducted a field experiment in a subtropical forest to compare the effects of canopy vs. understory N addition on the photosynthetic rate of canopy and understory species. We found that canopy N addition enhanced the photosynthetic rate of canopy species by increasing leaf hydraulic conductivity and shortening the distance of CO
2 transportation. In contrast, understory N addition had non-significant effects on the photosynthetic rate of canopy species. Moreover, the photosynthetic rate of understory species was not affected by canopy or understory N addition. Interestingly, changes in hydraulic conductivity contributed more to accelerating the photosynthetic rate than changes in CO2 transport distance. Our results provide important insights into the dissimilar effects of canopy and understory N addition on the photosynthetic rates of species in subtropical forests. Based on our findings, we highlighted the urgent need to consider canopy processes in future studies on N deposition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wu, Chen, Zhou, Ye and Wu.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
145. Retention of deposited ammonium and nitrate and its impact on the global forest carbon sink.
- Author
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Gurmesa GA, Wang A, Li S, Peng S, de Vries W, Gundersen P, Ciais P, Phillips OL, Hobbie EA, Zhu W, Nadelhoffer K, Xi Y, Bai E, Sun T, Chen D, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhu J, Duan L, Li D, Koba K, Du E, Zhou G, Han X, Han S, and Fang Y
- Subjects
- Environment, Nitrogen Isotopes chemistry, Nitrogen Oxides analysis, Soil chemistry, Ammonium Compounds analysis, Carbon Sequestration physiology, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Forests, Nitrates analysis, Trees metabolism
- Abstract
The impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition on the global forest carbon (C) sink and other ecosystem services may depend on whether N is deposited in reduced (mainly as ammonium) or oxidized forms (mainly as nitrate) and the subsequent fate of each. However, the fates of the two key reactive N forms and their contributions to forest C sinks are unclear. Here, we analyze results from 13 ecosystem-scale paired
15 N-labelling experiments in temperate, subtropical, and tropical forests. Results show that total ecosystem N retention is similar for ammonium and nitrate, but plants take up more labelled nitrate ([Formula: see text]%) ([Formula: see text]) than ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) while soils retain more ammonium ([Formula: see text]%) than nitrate ([Formula: see text]%). We estimate that the N deposition-induced C sink in forests in the 2010s is [Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1 , higher than previous estimates because of a larger role for oxidized N and greater rates of global N deposition., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
146. Microbial denitrification dominates nitrate losses from forest ecosystems.
- Author
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Fang Y, Koba K, Makabe A, Takahashi C, Zhu W, Hayashi T, Hokari AA, Urakawa R, Bai E, Houlton BZ, Xi D, Zhang S, Matsushita K, Tu Y, Liu D, Zhu F, Wang Z, Zhou G, Chen D, Makita T, Toda H, Liu X, Chen Q, Zhang D, Li Y, and Yoh M
- Subjects
- Denitrification, Ecosystem, Forests, Microbiota, Nitrates metabolism
- Abstract
Denitrification removes fixed nitrogen (N) from the biosphere, thereby restricting the availability of this key limiting nutrient for terrestrial plant productivity. This microbially driven process has been exceedingly difficult to measure, however, given the large background of nitrogen gas (N2) in the atmosphere and vexing scaling issues associated with heterogeneous soil systems. Here, we use natural abundance of N and oxygen isotopes in nitrate (NO3 (-)) to examine dentrification rates across six forest sites in southern China and central Japan, which span temperate to tropical climates, as well as various stand ages and N deposition regimes. Our multiple stable isotope approach across soil to watershed scales shows that traditional techniques underestimate terrestrial denitrification fluxes by up to 98%, with annual losses of 5.6-30.1 kg of N per hectare via this gaseous pathway. These N export fluxes are up to sixfold higher than NO3 (-) leaching, pointing to widespread dominance of denitrification in removing NO3 (-) from forest ecosystems across a range of conditions. Further, we report that the loss of NO3 (-) to denitrification decreased in comparison to leaching pathways in sites with the highest rates of anthropogenic N deposition.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
147. Desirable attributes of vaccines for deployment in low-resource settings.
- Author
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Chen D and Zehrung D
- Subjects
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Dosage Forms, Drug Costs, Drug Packaging, Drug Stability, Health Priorities, Health Services Needs and Demand, Humans, Temperature, Developing Countries economics, Drug Discovery, Global Health, Vaccines administration & dosage, Vaccines chemistry, Vaccines economics, Vaccines supply & distribution
- Abstract
A number of product development partnerships are actively developing new vaccines to combat infectious diseases in developing countries. To be effective, the products under development should not only be safe, efficacious, and affordable, but they should also have additional desirable technical attributes, including enhanced stability, efficient packaging, and improved ease of delivery. New technologies are now available to achieve these attributes; however, many of the technologies have yet to be adopted by the vaccine industry. This commentary discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with advancing such attributes, especially vaccine thermostability and dose sparing strategies, and the critical issues that must be addressed to bridge the gap between technology development and product development., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) powder formulation: process and stability assessment.
- Author
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Maa YF, Ameri M, Shu C, Zuleger CL, Che J, Osorio JE, Payne LG, and Chen D
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Disaccharides chemistry, Drug Stability, Excipients chemistry, Female, Guinea Pigs, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens genetics, Hepatitis B Vaccines administration & dosage, Hepatitis B Vaccines immunology, Immunization methods, Immunoenzyme Techniques methods, Injections, Intramuscular, Lysine chemistry, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microspheres, Nanoparticles chemistry, Particle Size, Poloxamer chemistry, Powders, Sepharose chemistry, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens immunology, Hepatitis B Vaccines chemistry, Technology, Pharmaceutical methods
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) dry powder vaccine formulation suitable for epidermal powder immunization (EPI) via an efficient, scalable powder-formation process. Several HBsAg dry powder formulations were prepared using four different powder-formation methods: freeze-drying/compress/grind/sieve (FD/C/G/S), spray-drying (SD), agarose beads, and spray freeze-drying (SFD). Powder properties and physical stability were determined using particle size analysis, tap density measurement, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and moisture content analysis. Physical, chemical and biochemical stability of HBsAg was determined by dynamic light scattering, an enzyme immune assay, and immunogenicity in a mouse or hairless guinea pig model. Out of the four powder-formation methods evaluated SFD outperformed other methods in the following considerations: good process efficiency, flexible scalability, and desirable particle characteristics for skin penetration. The stress posed by SFD appeared to be mild as HBsAg in the dry form retained its potency and immunogenicity. Notably, the mechanism of fast freezing by SFD actually promoted the preservation of HBsAg nanoparticle size, in good correlation with long-term biochemical stability. Among several formulations screened, the formulation containing 10 microg HBsAg in 1-mg powder with a tertiary mixture of trehalose, mannitol, and dextran, exhibited excellent overall stability performance. In conclusion, HBsAg dry powder formulations suitable for EPI were successfully prepared using SFD. Further, a systematic formulation development strategy allowed the development and optimization of an HBsAg dry powder formulation, demonstrating excellent long-term physical, biochemical, and immunological stability.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Epidermal powder immunization with a recombinant HIV gp120 targets Langerhans cells and induces enhanced immune responses.
- Author
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Chen D, Zuleger C, Chu Q, Maa YF, Osorio J, and Payne LG
- Subjects
- Administration, Cutaneous, Animals, Cell Movement, Female, HIV Antibodies blood, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin G classification, Langerhans Cells pathology, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Powders, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic immunology, AIDS Vaccines immunology, Carbohydrates administration & dosage, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 immunology, Immunization methods, Langerhans Cells immunology, Vaccines, Synthetic immunology
- Abstract
The recombinant envelope gp120 (rgp120) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a weak immunogen when administered by intramuscular (IM) injection. In the present study, we report that epidermal powder immunization (EPI) elicits robust antibody responses to the rgp120. EPI of mice with a dose 0.2-5 microg of rgp120 protein elicited geometric mean antibody titers that were 18- to 240-fold higher than that elicited by IM injection using a 5.0 microg dose. Targeting antigen to and mobilization of Langerhans cells (LCs) by EPI may explain the enhanced immunogenicity of the rgp120. EPI with rgp120 using sugar and gold particles as carrier resulted in differential antigen entry into the LCs and differential IgG subclass antibody and cellular immune responses. EPI may serve as a useful tool to evaluate vaccine potential of the rgp120 protein.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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