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Excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere result in a series of energy and environmental issues all around the word. Thus, it is urgent to prepare efficient materials for the conversion of CO2 as a C1 source into energy-related chemical products. Porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of rapidly growing crystalline materials, which have attracted significant attention for application in the conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates. In this review article, the developments made in recent years with respect to the application of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for the energy-related conversion of CO2 into cyclic carbonates are highlighted; moreover, we have further discussed the opportunities and challenges in the use of MOFs in this field.

Occupational factors can lead to breast cancer, though the relationship between these variables is not well established. The objective of this study was to search the relevant literature for information on the association between breast cancer and exposure to occupational risk factors. For that purpose, electronic databases were searched using the following keywords: breast cancer and occupational exposures. A total of 40 articles published in the 10-year period from 2009 to 2019 were included in this review. Workers exposed to metals such as cadmium, chemical products, radiation and night work were more susceptible to breast cancer. The findings showed significant evidence to support an association between breast cancer and some chemical products, ionizing radiation and night work. However, most studies have difficulty establishing a causal relationship between these variables, pointing to the need for further investigation of these issues.

Transmute CO2 to value-added chemical products by electrochemical reduction is a potential candidate and a highly providential route to mitigate CO2 levels in atmosphere and meet the energy and global warming crisis. Recent reported studies have focused on advancement of novel electro-catalysts with outstanding performance, but unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the influence of reactor design. In this contribution, we for the first time comprehensively review all types of electrolytic cells reported in literatures and compare their features, advantages and disadvantages for CO2 electro-reduction. To date, H-type cell is still the well-known typical reactor for CO2RR, typically for screening electro-catalysts. Based on H-type cell, a similar modified sandwich-type cell is designed to reduce system resistance. However, for industrialization, the flow cell in which the reactants and products are continuously transferred to and away from the electrodes, need further advancement because of its efficient mass transfer efficiency. Besides, the DEMS cell is an effective way to detect products efficiently in real time and analyze reaction process, which is useful for seeking reaction mechanism. The perspectives and challenges for the development of electrochemical cells are also addressed. We hopeful, this review should provide researchers with a clearer understanding of reactor selection, and impart important, timely and valuable insights into the design of advance electrolytic cells and its practical applications for CO2 reduction.

Crystalline silica is a natural chemical compound present in rocks, sand and soil. In industry, it is found in chemical products: cement, bricks, concrete... To measure the amount of silica a worker breathes, a dust sample must be taken from the respirable fraction. Due to the cost of chemical analysis of this fraction against silica, whose proportion is approximately 1:25, it is important to establish a methodology that allows an approximation of the risk calculation related to silica exposure, in order to reduce it. According to this, 63 data (2016-2019) were analysed, corresponding to measurements of the aforementioned dust with emphasis on silica belonging to industrial processes. The data were then analysed, and a statistically acceptable relationship was found for different industrial processes, resulting in a mathematical equation to determine the amount of silica, as a function of the amount of respirable fraction, with a statistical acceptance level. Resumen La sílice cristalina es un compuesto químico natural presente en rocas, arena y suelo. En la industria, se halla en productos químicos: cemento, ladrillos, hormigón… Para medir la cantidad de sílice que respira un trabajador, se debe tomar una muestra de polvo de la fracción respirable. Debido al costo del análisis químico de dicha fracción frente a la sílice, cuya proporción aproximada es de 1:25, se entiende la importancia de establecer una metodología que permita realizar una aproximación del cálculo del riesgo relacionado con exposición a sílice, para disminuirlo. Según esto, se analizaron 63 datos (2016-2019), correspondientes a mediciones del citado polvo con énfasis en sílice pertenecientes a procesos industriales. Seguidamente, se analizaron los datos, se encontró una relación para diferentes procesos industriales, aceptable desde el punto de vista estadístico, así resultó una ecuación matemática para determinar la cantidad de sílice, en función de cantidad de fracción respirable, con un nivel de aceptación estadístico.

Over the past two decades, great attention has been paid to managing environmental pollution caused by hazardous materials, such as: metals (lead, cadmium), pesticide residues, leakage of rights, among others. Many methods have been developed for the removal of such substances as precipitation, evaporation, ion exchange. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as: high cost of implantation, need for a large quantity of chemical products and interference of the process due to the presence of oils. It is known that there is a need to awaken more and more human and collective consciousness for the development and application of new technologies in favor of the environment. This review highlights the alternative biological agent abundantly present in nature, that is, microalgae as a possible sink for the removal of these toxic substances from the environment. Microalgae biomass has also been used to remove heavy metals, and in wastewater treatment facilities, they can be used to reduce the amount of toxic chemicals needed to clean and purify water, reaffirming its bio-absorption capacity toxic.

[ES] El presente proyecto consiste en el diseño de detalle de un almacén de productos químicos en recipientes móviles en una nave industrial de 800 m2 ubicada en la localidad de Paterna. Debido al incremento de producción en los últimos años, una empresa se ve obligada a la adquisición de una nueva nave industrial, cuyo uso va destinado al almacenamiento de materias primas y almacenamiento de producto terminado, siendo todos ellos productos químicos peligrosos. Para ello se estudiarán y clasificarán los productos a almacenar y se realizará el diseño del parque de almacenamiento sujeto a la normativa vigente y a los requerimientos del cliente. Además, para garantizar la seguridad de la instalación por la implementación de sistemas de protección contra incendios de la nave. Para reforzar la seguridad de los trabajadores y el buen mantenimiento de las instalaciones, se darán unas instrucciones de uso y conservación. Por último, se presentará al promotor el presupuesto de la inversión., [EN] This project consists of the detailed design of a warehouse for chemical products in mobile containers in an 800 m2 industrial building located in the town of Paterna. Due to the increase in production in recent years, a company has been forced to acquire a new industrial building for the storage of raw materials and finished products, all of which are hazardous chemical products. For this purpose, the products to be stored are studied and classified and the design of the storage facility is carried out in accordance with current regulations and the client's requirements. To guarantee the safety of the installation, the implementation of fire protection systems for the warehouse is studied. In addition, to reinforce the safety of the workers and the proper maintenance of the facilities, instructions for use and conservation are given. Finally, the investment budget is presented to the promoter.

The article discusses the various uses of water-soluble and water-insoluble components of liquid wood pyrolysis products. Various commercial products are described with the identification of vulnerable aspects of use. The most promising ways of using as chemical products are highlighted.

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Conventional cleaning with chemical products uses a substantial amount of water and energy to clean the fouling related to dairy production, resulting in significant economic costs. We evaluated an enzymatic treatment based on the use of protease and amylase to clean dairy fouling generated in an indirect plate heat exchanger and the spray dryer equipment of a pilot plant, representing real cleaning conditions in the dairy industry. The efficacy of the enzymatic treatment in removing fouling at 50 °C was comparable to that of the clean-in-place method, with alkaline-acid cleaning performed at a maximum temperature of 80 °C. Microbiological analysis showed that the cleaning treatments guaranteed adequate hygienic conditions of the dairy products manufactured. Monitoring fluorescence markers, such as tryptophan, riboflavin, Maillard compounds, and dityrosine could help improve the effectiveness of both alkaline and enzymatic cleaning. The enzymatic treatment fulfills dairy industry objectives, saving water and energy during washing by reducing chemical product use. Considering that enzymatic cleaning is biodegradable after use and that its economic cost is competitive compared to chemical cleaning, it represents a viable alternative to the chemical cleaning of dairy fouling.

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a category of biologically based technologies that combine biological, primarily microbial and enzymatic, pathways with electrochemical enhancement to complete biochemical reactions and generate energy or chemical products. This chapter focuses on the application of one type of BES, the microbial fuel cell, for bioremediation. Different types of BES have been investigated in bioremediation applications for a wide range of environmental contaminants. BES is composed of anodes and cathodes, and different reactions occur at each electrode type, which can be applied to remediation. Oxidation processes (e.g., hydrocarbons and other contaminants of lower oxidizing potentials) can occur at the anode, while reduction processes (e.g., chlorinated hydrocarbons and other contaminants of higher oxidizing potentials) occur at the cathode. Based on results from laboratory and field-scale studies, BES demonstrates its feasibility and emerges as a novel and sustainable remediation technology.

This paper aims to summarize the results of quantitative research striving to determine the importance of providing a comprehensive solution to the needs and requirements of buyers of the selected chemical products. It also aims to investigate the role of different components of products, services, and other aspects of offerings play as parts of a comprehensive solution designed for customers processing chemical products. The respondents were managers of enterprises purchasing the examined categories of chemical products in the Czech Republic and our research took place in 2021. Its outcomes show that a comprehensive solution of the needs and requirements of customers in the case of chemical products is perceived far more broadly than those hitherto presented in the literature. In general, it differs especially in the phase of research and development of delivered products, in the phase of consulting and cooperation with customers in harmonizing the technology of processing the products, as well as in the aspects of providing additional services and waste disposal.

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���������������������������������������������������� ������������������������ ������������������������������������������������ - ������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������� ���� ������������������������ �������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������. �������������������������������� ���������������������������������������� ������������������������: -���������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������� ���� ��������������������������������������������������������-���������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������� ������������������������ ������������ ������������������������-���������� ������������������������������������������������ ��������������������������������������������; -���������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������ ������������������������ �������� ������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������ ���� ���������������������������������������� ������������ ������������������������������������ ������������������������������ ����������������; -������������������������������������ ������������������������ �������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������� ������������������������ �������� ������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������ ���� ���������������������������������������� ������������ ������������������������������������ ������������������������������ ����������������. ���������������������������� ���������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������� ���������� ������������������������-���������� ������������������������������������������������ �������������������������������������������� ���� �������������������� ������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������ ����������������. ������������������������. ������������������������ ���������� ������������������������, ���������������� ����������������������������������������, ���������������������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������., The purpose of the work was to determine the efficiency of building a plant for the manufacture of machines for processing printed circuit boards and the production of chemical products for them. The work was carried out on the basis / on the materials of LLC "SPbC "ELMA", where all the necessary information about the company was collected, the main advantages of LLC "SPbC "ELMA" were identified; the land plot of the founders of the company was described; calculations of the main financial indicators of the enterprise were carried out, a plan for the development of the existing site was created, the effectiveness of this project was considered. The subject of the WRC is the consideration of the effectiveness of the construction of the plant. Methods used: SWOT analysis, general scientific research methods - content and comparative analysis, the method of analogies; specific research methods - methods of organizational design and evaluation of investment attractiveness of projects. Main results of the work: -the economic feasibility and organizational and technical feasibility of implementing the construction of a plant for a scientific and technological organization are substantiated; -an organizational project of a plant for the production of equipment and materials for processing printed circuit boards has been developed; -an assessment of the investment attractiveness of the plant project for the production of equipment and materials for processing printed circuit boards was carried out. The scope of application of the results of the WRC is a scientific and technological organization in the field of printed circuit board production. Conclusions. The tasks of the WRC have been solved, the goal has been achieved, the scope of application of the results has been determined.

Assembly-line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are among the most complex protein machineries known in nature, responsible for the biosynthesis of numerous compounds used in the clinic. Their present-day diversity is the result of an evolutionary path that has involved the emergence of a multimodular architecture and further diversification of assembly-line PKSs. In this review, we provide an overview of previous studies that investigated PKS evolution and propose a model that challenges the currently prevailing view that gene duplication has played a major role in the emergence of multimodularity. We also analyze the ensemble of orphan PKS clusters sequenced so far to evaluate how large the entire diversity of assembly-line PKS clusters and their chemical products could be. Finally, we examine the existing techniques to access the natural PKS diversity in natural and heterologous hosts and describe approaches to further expand this diversity through engineering.

Green reactions not only provide us chemical products without any pollution, but also offer us the viable technology to realize difficult tasks in normal conditions. Photo-, photoelectro-, and electrocatalytic reactions are indeed powerful tools to help us to embrace bright future. Especially, some gas-involved reactions are extremely useful to change our life environments from energy systems to liquid fuels and cost-effective products, such as H2 evolution (H2 production), O2 evolution/reduction, CO2 reduction, N2 reduction (or N2 fixation) reactions. We can provide fuel cells clean H2 for electric vehicles from H2 evolution reaction (HER), at the same time, we also need highly efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells for improving the reaction kinetics. Moreover, we can get the clean oxidant O2 from water through O2 evolution reaction (OER), and carry out some reactions without posing any pollution to reaction systems. Furthermore, we can translate the greenhouse gas CO2 into useful liquid fuels through CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). Last but not the least, we can get ammonia from N2 reduction reaction (NRR), which can decrease energy input compared to the traditional Hubble process. These reactions, such as HER, ORR, OER, CRR, and NRR could be realized through solar-, photoelectro- and electro-assisted ways. For them, the catalysts used play crucial roles in determining the efficiency and kinds of products, so we should consider the efficiency of catalysts. However, the cost, synthetic methods of catalysts should also be considered. Nowadays, significant progress has been achieved, however, many challenges still exist, reaction systems, catalysts underlying mechanisms, and so on. As extremely active fields, we should pay attention to them. Under the background, it has motivated us to contribute with a roadmap on ‘Gas-Involved Photo- and Electro-Catalysis’.

The process with two specially selected and synchronously working oxidants, one of which directly oxidizes the metal to form the products of its reduction and another oxidizes this product with the regeneration of the first oxidant consumed in the oxidation of the metal, is shown to be the most appropriate for the processing of metals and alloys. The doses of the used oxidants and the composition of the target product are determined. The processes occurring during the processing are considered.

Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum is one of the main bacterial diseases in corn, which causes damage to crops due to its fast dissemination and difficult control. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chemical products on its control and corn grain yield. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 7 factorial arrangement, with three replications. The first factor consisted of the corn hybrids P30F53VYHR (more resistant to the disease) and P4285VYHR (more susceptible) and the second one of six active ingredients (kasugamycin, sulfur, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride, quaternary ammonia and potassium phosphite) and one control (no application). The obtained data were used to estimate the area under the disease progress curve. The products based on quaternary ammonia, cuprous oxide, copper oxychloride and kasugamycin provided a greater disease control. P30F53VYHR presented a higher grain yield than that for P4285VYHR. Therefore, the use of a genetically resistant hybrid is an efficient alternative for the management of this bacteriosis. RESUMO Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum é uma das principais bacterioses na cultura do milho, a qual causa danos às lavouras, devido à sua rápida disseminação e difícil controle. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de produtos químicos no seu controle e na produtividade de grãos de milho. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 7, com três repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído pelos híbridos de milho P30F53VYHR (mais resistente à doença) e P4285VYHR (mais suscetível) e o segundo por seis ingredientes ativos (casugamicina, enxofre, óxido cuproso, oxicloreto de cobre, amônia quaternária e fosfito de potássio) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação). Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estimar a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Os produtos à base de amônia quaternária, óxido cuproso, oxicloreto de cobre e casugamicina proporcionaram maior controle da doença. P30F53VYHR apresentou produtividade de grãos superior à de P4285VYHR. Portanto, o uso de híbrido geneticamente resistente representa uma alternativa eficiente ao manejo dessa bacteriose.

Diptera are among the most serious arthropod pests affecting mushroom crops. Phorid flies, especially Megaselia halterata, have traditionally been globally considered as a minor pest, although they are a very important problem on Spanish mushroom farms. The concerns with respect to the phorid fly populations have recently increased, notably jumping from being a minor to major pest in India, UK and the USA, where yield losses ranging between 10% and 40% were reported. This review updates and summarizes the available literature regarding mushroom phorid populations, stressing the natural distribution of phorids and their seasonal distribution, their biology within the growing substrates and the initial sources of infestation on mushroom farms. Moreover, the review also highlights the scarce available tools for their control and the current alternatives to chemical products. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Emissions from volatile chemical products (VCPs) are emerging as a major source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. Paints and coatings are an important class of VCPs that emit both volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (VOCs and IVOCs). In this study, we directly measured I/VOC emissions from representative water-based (latex) and oil paints used in the U.S. Paint I/VOC emissions vary over several orders of magnitude by both solvent and gloss level. Oil paint had the highest emissions (>10^5 microgram/g-paint) whereas low-gloss interior paints (Flat, Satin, and Semigloss) all emitted ~10^2 microgram/g-paint. Emissions from interior paints are dominated by VOCs, whereas exterior-use paints emitted a larger fraction of IVOCs. Extended emissions tests showed that most I/VOC emissions occur within 12-24 hours after paint application, though some IVOC-dominated paints continue to emit for 48 hours or more. We used the emissions measurements to estimate paint I/VOC emissions and subsequent SOA production in the U.S. Total annual paint I/VOC emissions are 168 +/- 15 Mg. This amounts to 291 g/kg of paint used and 0.51 kg/person, which are significantly larger than comparable emissions factors from combustion systems. These emissions contribute to the formation of 8 Mg of SOA annually. Oil paints contribute ~90% of the I/VOC emissions and SOA formation, even though it only accounts for ~20% of paint usage.

Decades of air quality improvements have substantially reduced the motor vehicle emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Today, volatile chemical products (VCPs) are responsible for half of the petrochemical VOCs emitted in major urban areas. We show that VCP emissions are ubiquitous in US and European cities and scale with population density. We report significant VCP emissions for New York City (NYC), including a monoterpene flux of 14.7 to 24.4 kg ⋅ d(−1) ⋅ km(−2) from fragranced VCPs and other anthropogenic sources, which is comparable to that of a summertime forest. Photochemical modeling of an extreme heat event, with ozone well in excess of US standards, illustrates the significant impact of VCPs on air quality. In the most populated regions of NYC, ozone was sensitive to anthropogenic VOCs (AVOCs), even in the presence of biogenic sources. Within this VOC-sensitive regime, AVOCs contributed upwards of ∼20 ppb to maximum 8-h average ozone. VCPs accounted for more than 50% of this total AVOC contribution. Emissions from fragranced VCPs, including personal care and cleaning products, account for at least 50% of the ozone attributed to VCPs. We show that model simulations of ozone depend foremost on the magnitude of VCP emissions and that the addition of oxygenated VCP chemistry impacts simulations of key atmospheric oxidation products. NYC is a case study for developed megacities, and the impacts of VCPs on local ozone are likely similar for other major urban regions across North America or Europe.

In recent decades, increasing attention has been paid to the sustainability of products and processes, including activities aimed at environmental protection, site reclamation or treatment of contaminated effluents, as well as the valorization of waste through the recovery of resources. Although implemented with ‘noble intentions’, these processes are often highly invasive, unsustainable and socially unacceptable, as they involve significant use of chemical products or energy. This Special Issue is aimed at collecting research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace the above-cited obsolete practices. Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage as much as possible their actual implementation.

Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that are an important source of anthropogenic emissions. Organic compounds from VCPs evaporate on atmospherically relevant timescales and include many species that are secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. However, the chemistry leading to SOA, particularly that of intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), has not been fully represented in regional-scale models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which tend to underpredict SOA concentrations in urban areas. Here we develop a model to represent SOA formation from VCP emissions. The model incorporates a new VCP emissions inventory and employs three new classes of emissions: siloxanes, oxygenated IVOCs, and nonoxygenated IVOCs. VCPs are estimated to produce 1.67 µg m−3 of noontime SOA, doubling the current model predictions and reducing the SOA mass concentration bias from −75 % to −58 % when compared to observations in Los Angeles in 2010. While oxygenated and nonoxygenated intermediate-volatility VCP species are emitted in similar quantities, SOA formation is dominated by the nonoxygenated IVOCs. Formaldehyde and SOA show similar relationships to temperature and bias signatures, indicating common sources and/or chemistry. This work suggests that VCPs contribute up to half of anthropogenic SOA in Los Angeles and models must better represent SOA precursors from VCPs to predict the urban enhancement of SOA.

Cyanobacteria are natural photosynthetic microbes which can be engineered for sustainable conversion of solar energy and carbon dioxide into chemical products. Attempts to improve target production often require an improved understanding of the native cyanobacterial host system. Valuable insights into cyanobacterial metabolism, biochemistry and physiology have been steadily increasing in recent years, stimulating key advancements of cyanobacteria as cell factories for biochemical, including biofuel, production. In the present review, we summarize the current progress in engineering cyanobacteria and discuss the achieved and potential utilization of these advances in cyanobacteria for the production of the bulk chemical butanol, specifically isobutanol and 1-butanol.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare various herbal cosmetic brands to find their popularity ranking. Methodology: The method used is a survey-based questionnaire. Results: According to the above survey conducted in Kanpur regarding herbal products, we came across the following result that Himalaya was the most popular brand as compared to other brands like Patanjali and Joves and other similar brands. Conclusion: There is not at all shortage in the demand for herbal products in the market. The consumers concern toward health risk and harmful effect of chemical products forcing them to switch over to natural products. There is high favorability of Himalaya products among its users.

espanolContextualizacion: Una gran cantidad de productos quimicos deben ser utilizados en la industria y sectores tecnologicos, generado el incremento de enfermedades laborales asociada a factores como el tiempo de exposicion, la concentracion. Vacio de investigacion: El desconocimiento de la peligrosidad sumado a las condiciones de operacion de sustancias quimicas cancerigenas que se presentan en el ejercicio de las actividades diarias en la industria pueden afectar la salud Humana. Proposito: El objetivo del estudio es identificar y clasificar el riesgo relacionado con esas sustancias quimicas en una planta procesadora de alimentos carnicos en el departamento del Cauca (Colombia). Metodologia: En una primera fase de diagnostico se realizo una busqueda de informacion en bases de datos especializadas, en la segunda fase se desarrolla a partir de la informacion recolectada mediante el inventario de sustancias quimicas en la planta, que se encuentran distribuidas en diferentes sitios de almacenamiento con probabilidad de exposicion potencial. Para identificar la estimacion del riesgo quimico se aplico un analisis cualitativo mediante la utilizacion del criterio de caracterizacion de riesgos “caja de herramientas de control quimico internacional”. Posteriormente se hizo una revision de normatividad que rige en Colombia relacionada a la manipulacion, aplicativos y requisitos correspondientes de estas sustancias, estableciendo medidas de control y prevencion necesarias a la naturaleza quimica de estos agentes. Resultados obtenidos: Mediante el inventario se identificaron 407 sustancias presentes en la planta, de las cuales el 91% se clasifican dentro de sustancias quimicas peligrosas y un 3 % corresponde a sustancias quimicas con potencial efecto cancerigeno. Mediante la evaluacion de riesgo se tuvo en cuenta la combinacion de factores de peligro para la salud y exposicion potencial que determinan el nivel de control deseado, dividida en cuatro niveles de abordaje (1, 2, 3, 4) siendo el abordaje 4 de consideracion especial por ser el punto mas critico y de mayor peligrosidad. Conclusiones: Finalmente se determino que las sustancias de mayor atencion en la planta son: el cemento portland, DQO solucion B, Gasolina, Sikadur 32 Primer Comp B, Sikadur Panel Comp B, por estar dentro de abordaje 4. EnglishContextualization: A large number of chemical products are used in industry and technological sectors, generating health risks for those who are exposed, and may induce alterations depending on the concentration, manipulation, exposure, and susceptibility of the worker. These chemical agents can produce a variety of irritating allergic, toxic and even carcinogenic effects. Knowledeg gap: Ignorance of the danger added to the operating conditions of chemical carcinogenic chemicals that occur in the exercise of daily activities in the industry can affect human health. Purpose: The objective of the study is to identify and classify the risk related to these chemical substances in a meat food processing plant in the department of Cauca (Colombia). Methodology: In a first phase of diagnosis, an information search was carried out in specialized databases, in the second phase it was developed from the information collected through the inventory of chemical substances in the plant, which are distributed at different storage sites with potential exposure potential. To identify the chemical risk identification, a qualitative analysis is applied using the risk characterization criterion "international chemical control toolbox". Subsequently, a review of the regulations in force in Colombia related to the handling, applications and corresponding requirements of these substances was made, establishing necessary control and prevention measures for the chemical nature of these agents. Results and conclusions: Through the inventory, 407 substances present in the plant were identified, of which 91% are classified as dangerous chemicals and 3% correspond to chemicals with a potential carcinogenic effect. The risk assessment took into account the combination of risk factors for health and potential exposure that determines the level of control desired, divided into four levels of approach (1, 2, 3, 4), with approach 4 being considered Special for being the most critical and most dangerous point. Finally, it was determined that the substances of greatest attention in the plant are: portland cement, COD solution B, Gasoline, Sikadur 32 Primer Comp B, Sikadur Panel Comp B, for being within the approach 4.

This article considers the possibility of studying the main types of products of chemical production (ethylene, benzene, styrene and ethylene polymers in primary forms, styrene in primary forms, vinyl chloride in primary forms and propylene in primary forms, as well as methanol-synthetic poison, methanol-rectification technical forest chemical, methanol raw in terms of rectification) in thousand tons. The purpose of this work was to analyze the volume of the main types of chemical products. The objectives of the study were to determine the volume of production of chemical production, calculation of the seasonality index and forecasting the volume of the main types of products of chemical production. The results showed that the largest decrease in production was observed in 2012 for ethylene and benzene (93.2% and 97.2%), compared to 2011, respectively. For methanol production, on the contrary, in 2012, compared to 2011, there was an increase in production volumes (90.7%). The obtained calculations of the seasonality index showed that the lowest volume of production of benzene, methanol, polyethylene, polystyrene and ethylene was observed in January, styrene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene-in October, and the highest in August, except for the production of polyvinyl chloride. The forecast of volumes of production of the main types of production of chemicals for the period: january – december 2020 is constructed. The results obtained indicate that there will be an increase in production volumes.

Mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens due to their blood feeding behavior. Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) transmits arboviruses, such as dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya. This species carries several bacteria that may be beneficial for its biological and physiological development. Therefore, studying the response of its microbiota to chemical products could result in vector control. Recently, imidazolium salts (IS) were identified as effective Ae. aegypti larvicides. Considering the importance of the mosquito microbiota, this study addressed the influence of IS on the bacteria of Ae. aegypti larvae. After exposition of larvae to different IS concentrations, the cultured microbiota was identified through culturomics and mass spectrometry, and the non-cultivated microbiota was characterized by molecular markers. In addition, the influence of the IS on axenic larvae was studied for comparison. There was an alteration in both cultivable species and in their diversity, including modifications in bacterial communities. The axenic larvae were less susceptible to the IS, which was increased after exposing these larvae to bacteria of laboratory breeding water. This highlights the importance of understanding the role of the larval microbiota of Ae. aegypti in the development of imidazolium salt-based larvicides. Such effect of IS towards microbiota of Ae. aegypti larvae, through their antimicrobial action, increases their larvicidal potential.

The chemical substances in our environment are rising day by day. Only some of them are degraded, but most of them are non-degradable. These non-degradable substances produce pollutions which cause instability, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem as pollutions and create a risk to the environment. To reduce the possibility of a system we must reduce the risk not by altering the effect but by the cause. Thus, green chemistry (GC) concept was introduced, and it is a rapidly emerging field of chemistry. The GC is the design of chemical products and procedures that decrease or remove the use and production of harmful substances. In recent years, various heterocyclic compounds have appeared owing to the extensive varieties of their pharmacological activities. Benzimidazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is a vital and advantaged structure in medicinal chemistry and plays a role with ample therapeutic activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer and antihistaminic. Because of its value, the processes for their synthesis have become a focus of synthetic chemists. Therefore, this review aims at compiling the chemistry of differently substituted benzimidazoles and some other methods. Conventional methods of synthesis need longer heating time, complicated and tedious apparatus set up which result in high cost and pollution in contrast to greener methods which are inexpensive.

Background: In the application of Maggot Debridement Therapy (MDT), sterilized maggots (Lucilia cuprina) by standard chemicals were used. Recent potential demands for using a procedure with allnatural products, raw honey has been proposed as a natural sterilization technique to replace the chemical products.

Chemistry educators have a responsibility to teach students about the essential role the field of chemistry has in a sustainable future for the planet. Chemical products, such as pharmaceuticals, p...

Direct selective oxidation of light alkanes, such as ethane, into value-added chemical products under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge in both industry and academia. Herein, the iridium cluster and atomically dispersed iridium catalysts have been successfully fabricated using nanodiamond as support. The obtained iridium cluster catalyst shows remarkable performance for selective oxidation of ethane under oxygen at 100 °C, with an initial activity as high as 7.5 mol/mol/h and a selectivity to acetic acid higher than 70% after five in situ recycles. The presence of CO in the reaction feed is pivotal for the excellent reaction performance. On the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the critical role of CO was revealed, which is to maintain the metallic state of reactive Ir species during the oxidation cycles.

Several types of steel tank are used in industrial plants to store hazardous chemical products. Most of these are unanchored tanks that are not designed to withstand seismic loads. Many of the old process industries in high seismic hazard areas have launched retrofitting programmes for their components, especially cylindrical tanks. Providing mechanical anchors is a common strategy for the seismic retrofitting of cylindrical tanks and there are thus several existing pre-code tanks that have been retrofitted by the provision of anchor bolts. In this work, fragility analyses of pre-code and retrofitted tanks were conducted for existing broad tanks. The effects of steel corrosion were considered in the fragility analyses and 250 tank–earthquake non-linear analysis cases were considered. The results of the study revealed that shell corrosion is an important source of uncertainty in the seismic fragility analysis of tanks. Moreover, it was found that providing mechanical anchors is a suitable technique for preventing moderate to major damage states in broad tanks, but is not efficient at preventing minor damage, especially for small peak ground accelerations.

The purpose of this research is to suggest guidelines for improved chemical management by comparing various regulations on the submission of detailed information on chemical products in Korea, such as certification, notification and reporting on chemical management, along with the recent trends in EU. Various laws and regulations in Korea require the submission of information on chemical materials and products, but there is doubt that such vast information have been adequately utilized or verified. According to the recent revision of CLP regulation in EU, importers and downstream users should assign a unique identifier to mixtures in order to be used as a medium to link chemicals with its information regarding harmful and dangerous substances. In Korea, it is necessary to consider a method that enables linking the substance with its corresponding information quickly by using a unique identifier such as UFI. In addition, there is a need of establishing a system that makes it easy to find and track information in the event of an accident.

In the central part of the European Union soybean, lupin and camelina are minor agricultural crops. The paper presents analysis of plant protection products availability for those crops in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Holland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Data from year 2019 show that availability of products is generally insufficient. For camelina in some countries, there are no chemical products available whatsoever. For lupin and soybean, there are not always products available to control some pest groups. However, the products on the market differ significantly among the member states. The results show that in protection of soybean, lupin and camelina, no single active substance is registered for the same crop in all the analysed member states. In very numerous cases, active substance is registered in one out of eight analysed member states only.

This document analyzed research and development trends related to chemical, biological and economical biopesticides based on plant extracts, with emphasis on the Annonaceae family. A systematic review of the literature between 1947 and 2018 was done with an advance search equation in a specialized data base. This paper contains the development of plant bio pesticides, their modes of action, the more prominent families according to their bioactivity and the secondary metabolites that exert control over pests that are significant in agriculture and public health. The dynamics of publications, at the national and international levels, were identified, along with the countries that lead research, patents assigned in the last 20 years, market trends and bio pesticide regulation. The reviewed research is relevant to bioprospecting plant extracts with potential insecticidal activity and to the subsequent development of biocides using botanical extracts; the Annonaceae family is promising. RESUMEN El siguiente documento tuvo como objetivo analizar las tendencias de investigación y desarrollo sobre la importancia biológica, química y económica de los biopesticidas a partir de extractos vegetales y de modo particular un enfoque de la familia Annonacea. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de literatura entre 1947 y 2018 empleando ecuaciones de búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas. Se describe el desarrollo de los biopesticidas de origen vegetal, sus modos de acción, las familias más destacadas por su bioactividad y los metabolitos secundarios que ejercen un control sobre las plagas de importancia agrícola y en salud pública. Según la búsqueda, se identificaron las dinámicas de las publicaciones a nivel nacional e internacional, los países que lideran la investigación, las patentes asignadas en los últimos 20 años, la tendencia del mercado y su reglamentación. Con este proceso de búsqueda y análisis de datos se pudo establecer la pertinencia de la investigación sobre la bioprospección de extractos de plantas con potencial actividad insecticida y posterior desarrollo de biocidas usando extractos de origen botánico resaltando la familia Anonnacea como una de las más promisorias.

Polymers are widely used to manufacture many chemical products. Often, polymers are designed by trial-and-error, which is expensive and time-consuming. In this work, a new optimization-based comput...

Fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) is the most used process for converting heavy oil into more valuable fuels and chemical products such as gasoline and propylene. The conventional steady state and...

espanolEn las ultimas decadas la recuperacion terciaria, especialmente en la que intervienen productos quimicos, ha sido materia de investigacion por la academia y la industria, su capacidad para reducir la saturacion de petroleo residual (Sor) e incrementar el factor de recobro de un yacimiento, le hacen ser un metodo altamente atractivo y objeto de inversion. La identificacion de campos analogos es un paso importante en la planificacion de un proyecto CEOR por sus siglas en ingles (Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery), especialmente cuando existe a nivel mundial poca informacion de campos costa afuera que hayan implementado este tipo de metodos. Este articulo propone y evalua una metodologia con la finalidad de establecer si un campo costa afuera ubicado en la cuenca de Santos, Brasil; es un buen candidato o no para ser sometido a inyeccion de polimeros. La metodologia propuesta se define de cuatro pasos: procesamiento de datos recopilados de la busqueda de informacion a nivel mundial, seleccion de campos analogos con base en el screening propuesto por Paris de Ferrer (2001), uso de un modelo estadistico y clasificacion de similitud. En primera instancia se realiza un analisis y procesamiento de la base de datos disponible de los campos costa afuera que han implementado la tecnica, seguidamente se identifican las principales propiedades de roca y fluido que describen cada campo. Posteriormente, las propiedades del campo objetivo y los encontrados en la base de datos son comparados por medio de un modelo estadistico y finalmente se procede a la clasificacion, a traves de una ponderacion segun su analogia respecto al campo objeto de estudio. EnglishIn recent decades, tertiary recovery, especially involving chemical products, has been area of research by the academy and industry. Its ability to reduce the saturation of residual oil (Sor) and increase the recovery factor of a reservoir, make it a highly attractive and worth investing method and. The identification of analogous fields is an important step for planning a CEOR project by its acronym in English (Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery), especially when there is few information on offshore fields worldwide that have implemented this type of method. This article proposes and evaluates a methodology with the purpose of establishing if an offshore field located in the Santos basin Brazil is a good candidate or not to be subjected to polymer injection. The proposed methodology is defined by four steps: processing of data collected from the search for information worldwide, selection of analogous fields based on the screening proposed by Paris de Ferrer (2001), use of a statistical model and classification of similarity. In the first instance, an analysis and processing of the available database of the offshore fields that have implemented the technique is carried out, then the main properties of rock and fluid that describe each field are identified. Subsequently, the properties of the objective field and those found in the database are compared by means of a statistical model and finally the classification is carried out, using a weighting according to its analogy with respect to the field under study.

Microalgae is envisioned by many experts to be one of the key future feedstocks for producing transportation fuels and other chemical products. The concept has many positive aspects inclusive of be...