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BACKGROUND Midface retrusion is a common problem in patients with cleft lip and palate owing to the lack of adequate growth of the maxilla. Midface advancement surgery is a definite treatment for midface retrusion; however, the subsequent oropharyngeal airway changes might result in velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in affected patients. Determining the predictors of VPI beforehand and modifying the surgical procedure would be beneficial. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of 42 patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent orthognathic surgery from 2013 to 2014 was performed. A total of 25 patients met the inclusion criteria and had undergone complete pre- and postsurgery videofluoroscopy, nasopharyngoscopy (NPS), and speech assessment. We compared 2 groups of patients, those who showed NPS finding changes of more than 0.1 (8 patients) and those without changes (17 patients), by measuring the distances of the contact point to the tip of the velum, gap size at maximum closure (MC) and rest, contact area length, lateral wall closure rate, closure velocity, and 2 angles (from the velum to the hard palate and genu) at MC and rest. The amount of maxillary advancement was also recorded. RESULTS Among the 8 patients with NPS finding changes, 3 underwent Furlow palatoplasty for VPI. No significant difference was found in the amount of maxillary advancement between the groups (5.8 vs 5.7 mm). Significant differences were found in the preoperative gap size at MC and angle at the genu at MC (P = 0.035 and .012). These could be considered as the predictors before surgery. After surgery, a significant difference was found in the contact area, lateral wall closure rate, and gap size at MC (P = 0.005, 0.018, and 0.01). CONCLUSION Videofluoroscopy is a relatively applicable method of determining dynamic changes in the velum function. By performing videofluoroscopy before midface advancement surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate, we may predict the risk of VPI and consider alternative surgical strategies.

This study aims to identify and analyze the factors of the migration of Taiwanese professional baseball players after the 1997 match-fixing scandal. It focuses on the case of the migration of the e...

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) is the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. CA-induced brain injury is influenced by multifactorial processes, including reduced cerebral blood flow (hypoperfusion) and neuroinflammation, which can lead to neuronal cell death and functional deficits. We have identified serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) as a new target in brain ischemia previously described in the heart, liver, and kidneys (i.e., diabetes and hypertension). Our data suggest brain SGK1 mRNA and protein expression (i.e., hippocampus), presented with hypoperfusion (low cerebral blood flow) and neuroinflammation, leading to further studies of the potential role of SGK1 in CA-induced brain injury. We used a 6-min asphyxia cardiac arrest (ACA) rat model to induce global cerebral ischemia. Modulation of SGK1 was implemented via GSK650394, a SGK1-specific inhibitor (1.2 μg/kg icv). Accordingly, treatment with GSK650394 attenuated cortical hypoperfusion and neuroinflammation (via Iba1 expression) after ACA, whereas neuronal survival was enhanced in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Learning/memory deficits were observed 3 days after ACA but ameliorated with GSK650394. In conclusion, SGK1 is a major contributor to ACA-induced brain injury and neurological deficits, while inhibition of SGK1 with GSK650394 provided neuroprotection against CA-induced hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and learning/memory deficits. Our studies could lead to a novel, therapeutic target for alleviating brain injury following cerebral ischemia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Upregulation of SGK1 exacerbates brain injury during cerebral ischemia. Inhibition of SGK1 affords neuroprotection against cardiac arrest-induced hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and neurological deficits.

The present study aims to explore the social conditions and underlying mechanism of match-fixing, especially when it is not facilitated in a quid pro quo relationship. Analyzing scandals in Taiwan’s Chinese Professional Baseball League, our research investigates how both individual agendas and organizational interests are served in match-fixing. Practically, the prerequisites and actors’ rationales for their involvement in match-fixing are explained. Theoretically, actors’ motivations and the exchange of intangible resources (not in the form of money) are examined. Our findings speak to theories of structural, cognitive and relational social capital by elaborating on the dark side of social capital. The relational attributes possessed by actors embedded in their social networks are involved in the cognitive process of actors’ decision making. Alternative policy implications are proposed to reduce the potential for match-fixing.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare hereditary disease, which results from the mutation of either TSC1 or TSC2, and its clinical features include benign tumors and dysfunctions in numerous organs, including the brain. Many individuals with TSC manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as learning impairments, cognitive deficits and anxiety. Current pharmacological treatment for TSC is the use of mTOR inhibitors. However, they are not effective in treating neuropsychiatric symptoms. We previously used curcumin, a diet‐derived mTOR inhibitor, which possesses both anti‐inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, to improve learning and memory deficits in Tsc2 +/− mice. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides microstructural information in brain tissue and has been used to study the neuropathological changes in TSC. In this study, we confirmed that the impaired recognition memory and increased anxiety‐like behavior in Tsc2 +/− mice can be reversed by curcumin treatment. Second, we found altered fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity in the anterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus of the Tsc2 +/− mice, which may indicate altered circuitry. Finally, the mTOR complex 1 hyperactivity was found in the cortex and hippocampus, coinciding with abnormal cortical myelination and increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 of Tsc2 +/− mice, both of which can be rescued with curcumin treatment. Overall, DTI is sensitive to the subtle alterations that cannot be detected by conventional imaging, suggesting that noninvasive DTI may be suitable for longitudinally monitoring the in vivo neuropathology associated with the neuropsychiatric symptoms in TSC, thereby facilitating future clinical trials of pharmacological treatments.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the invisible hand behind a corrupt structure in professional sports. Specifically, this paper sought to explain the match-fixing phenomenon in sports from ...

Approximately, 22.6% of colorectal cancer surgeries were performed on patients aged 80 or over. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of laparoscopic resection and its short-term surgical outcomes in patients who were aged 80 and older and diagnosed with colon cancer or rectal cancer in parallel. In this retrospective population-based study, colon and rectal cancer patients ≥ 80 years undergoing laparoscopic resection or open resection were identified from the United States National Inpatient Sample (2005–2014). Primary outcomes were postoperative complication and in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the short-term effectiveness of laparoscopic and open resection. In this study, 40,451 colon cancer patients and 1117 rectal cancer patients were included. Multivariate analysis revealed that laparoscopic resection was significantly associated with lower risks for developing postoperative complications (aOR = 0.67; 95%, CI 0.64–0.71) and in-hospital mortality (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI 0.32–0.43) compared to open resection in colon cancer patients. For rectal cancer patients, multivariate analysis indicated that laparoscopic resection was significantly associated with a lower risk of developing postoperative complications (aOR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.32–0.52) but was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Compared to open resection, laparoscopic resection has better or similar short-term surgical outcomes in colon and rectal cancer patients ≥ 80 years.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Despite enormous efforts around the world, there remains no effective cure for AD. This study was performed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise pretreatment on the typical pathology of AD in a novel transgenic AD rat model. Male 2-month-old animals were divided into the following groups: wild-type (WT) rats, AD rats, and AD rats with treadmill exercise pretreatment (AD-Exe). After exercise pretreatment, the Barnes maze task, passive avoidance task, and cued fear conditioning test were performed to test learning and memory function. The elevated plus maze, open field test, sucrose preference test, and forced swim test were conducted to measure anxious-depressive-like behavior. Immunofluorescence staining, Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, F-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, and related assay kits were conducted to measure Aβ plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal damage, neuronal degeneration, dendritic spine density, synapses, synaptic vesicles, mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial dynamic, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Behavioral tests revealed that long-term exercise pretreatment significantly alleviated learning and memory dysfunction and anxious-depressive-like behaviors in AD animals. In addition, exercise pretreatment attenuated amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation and preserved spine density, synapses, and presynaptic vesicles. Exercise also inhibited neuronal damage, neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal degeneration. Additional studies revealed the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics was significantly inhibited by exercise pretreatment accompanied by a remarkable suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Our findings suggest that long-term exercise pretreatment alleviated behavioral deficits and typical pathologies of the AD rat model, supporting long-term exercise pretreatment as a potential approach to delay the progression of AD.

The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple and widely available parameter obtained from a complete blood cell count test and is usually used in the analysis of anemia. Recently, studies have discovered the association between RDW and the host inflammatory response of cancer patients. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of RDW in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. 5315 total patients with stage I-II CRC from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between 2001 and 2018 were enrolled. The study cohort was divided into two groups using RDW = 13.8 as the cutoff value as determined by receiver operating curve. High RDW had worse overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS), and was also independently related to older age, more advanced tumor stage, lower albumin level, lower hemoglobin level, and more co-morbidities including diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. We performed a propensity-score matched analysis to balance the heterogeneity between the two groups and to reduce the influence of confounding factors that may have compromised the prognosis. High RDW remained a negative predictor of OS (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.25–1.78), as well as DFS and CSS. In conclusion, this is the first report using propensity matching to demonstrate the relationship between RDW and the prognosis of early-stage CRC patients.

The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a type of post-translational modification which is important for numerous cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, DNA repair, signal transduction, protein interaction, and transport. PRMTs have been extensively associated with various pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and immunity response. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in vascular and neurological function. Aberrant expression of PRMTs can alter its metabolic products, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Increased ADMA levels are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to study their function under normal and pathological states. In this review, we aim to elucidate the particular roles of PRMTs in vascular and neuronal function as a potential target for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

Background Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a rare cause of severe permanent visual impairment after injury. Traumatic optic neuropathy may occur due to sharp trauma (direct injury) that damages the optic nerve directly or due to damage from the transmitted forces after a concussive blow to the head or orbit (indirect injury). The management of indirect TON remains controversial. Either surgical decompression or mega dose corticosteroid is used for managing indirect TON. However, no consensus exists regarding the definitive treatment. Materials and methods We designed a randomized controlled trial study to investigate this issue. Only patients with indirect TON and normal vision before the injury were enrolled. The patients' data were recorded, and fine cut facial computed tomography scan was performed to exclude those with retrobulbar hematoma. All the study subjects were randomly allocated to either the mega dose steroid (30 mg/kg stat and 15 mg/kg every 6 hours for 3 days) group or the surgical decompression group. The patients were followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months. During each follow-up, the Snellen visual acuity (VA), visual field, color change, fundus findings, and intraocular pressure were evaluated. These data were compared and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratio. The short form questionnaire was used to analyze the lift quality difference between the two groups. Results Thirty patients were enrolled, 12 in the surgical group and 18 in the steroid treatment group. There were no significant differences in the improvement rate, improvement degree, and life quality between the groups. However, the odds ratios are 5, 10, 2.5, and nonavailable in the cutoff points of no light perception (NLP), light perception (LP), hand movement, and counting finger in surgery group. In steroid group, they are 1, 1, 1, 1.83 in each cutoff points. Patients with better VA than NLP had better life quality than those with NLP VA (P = 0.005). Other cutoff point groups had no significant difference. Conclusions Patients with worse initial VA (eg, NLP and LP) had a higher chance of benefiting from surgical treatment and experiencing improvements in the life quality.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide pandemic and complex disorder associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to identify the influence of number of MetS components on CRC incidence and mortality, using a national, longitudinal dataset of hospital care in Taiwan. Methods Patient data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2001 to 2008 were extracted. Individuals with at least one inpatient diagnosis or 2 outpatient visits with any MetS component found within one year were identified and included. Subjects died within 12 months after the presence of MetS components or had any prior cancer were excluded. The study cohort were then divided into two groups: subjects who had more (i.e., 3 to 4) MetS components and those who had fewer (i.e., 1 to 2) MetS components. An 2:1 propensity score (PS) matching were performed to balance the baseline characteristics between the groups. Cox regression analyses were conducted to compare the CRC incidence and all-cause mortality at follow-up between subjects with more MetS components versus fewer components. Results After matching, a total of 119,843 subjects (78,274 with 1–2 and 41,569 with 3–4 MetS components) were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, subjects with 3–4 MetS components had a significantly higher risk of CRC [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.43, p Conclusion Compared with 1–2 components, subjects with 3–4 MetS components are at greater risk of CRC and death at follow-up. This study also demonstrates the risks for CRC and all-cause mortality in certain subgroups of individuals with 3–4 MetS components compared to 1–2 components. These findings may help clinicians on the CRC risk stratification according to individuals’ characteristics, as well as to optimize the strategy of MetS surveillance and control in order to prevent CRC.

(1) Background: To investigate the prognostic value of cancer-inflammation prognostic index (CIPI) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) on regorafenib treatment, (2) Methods: Patients with mCRC who were given regorafenib as later-line treatment at Kaohsiung and Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital between November 2014 and January 2021 were consecutively enrolled. All relevant clinicopathologic, laboratory data and survival status were recorded. Independent prognostic factors were determined by the multivariate Cox regression method, (3) Results: In total, 106 patients in the training cohort and 250 in the validation cohort were enrolled. The median OS for patients with CIPI ≥ 300 and &lt, 300 in the training cohort was 3.8 and 9.0 months, respectively (hazard ratio (HR) 2.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.82–4.23, p &lt, 0.0001). Time to regorafenib, liver metastasis and CIPI were independent factors by multivariate Cox regression analyses. A new scoring model demonstrated a good discriminatory ability to risk stratification of a patient’s survival, (4) Conclusions: We identified CIPI as a novel serum marker highly associated with overall survival in patients with mCRC receiving regorafenib treatment. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.

CIL-102 (1-[4-(furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ylamino) phenyl]ethanone) is a major active agent of Camptotheca acuminata’s alkaloid derivative, and its anti-tumorigenic activity, a valuable biological property of the agent, has been reported in many types of cancer. In this study, we researched the novel CIL-102-induced protein for either the induction of cell apoptosis or the inhibition of cell migration/invasiveness in colorectal cancer cells (CRC) and their molecular mechanism. Firstly, our data showed that CIL-102 treatment not only increased the cytotoxicity of cells and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), but it also decreased cell migration and invasiveness in DLD-1 cells. In addition, many cellular death-related proteins (cleavage caspase 9, cleavage caspase 3, Bcl-2, and TNFR1 and TRAIL) and JNK MAPK/p300 pathways were increased in a time-dependent manner. Using the proteomic approach with a MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis, CIL-102-regulated differentially expressed proteins were identified, including eight downregulated and 11 upregulated proteins. Among them, upregulated Endoplasmic Reticulum resident Protein 29 (ERP29) and Fumarate Hydratase (FUMH) by CIL-102 were blocked by the inhibition of ROS production, JNK activity, and p300/CBP (CREB binding protein) signaling pathways. Importantly, the knockdown of ERP29 and FUMH expression by shRNA abolished the inhibition of cell migration and invasion by CIL-102 in DLD-1 cells. Together, our findings demonstrate that ERP29 and FUMH were upregulated by CIL102 via ROS production, JNK activity, and p300/CBP pathways, and that they were involved in the inhibition of the aggressive status of colorectal cancer cells.

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes involved in gene regulation and protein/histone modifications. PRMT8 is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, specifically within the cellular membrane and synaptic vesicles. Recently, PRMT8 has been described to play key roles in neuronal signaling such as a regulator of dendritic arborization, synaptic function and maturation, and neuronal differentiation and plasticity. Here, we examined the role of PRMT8 in response to hypoxia-induced stress in brain metabolism. Our results from liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and protein analyses indicate that PRMT8(-/-) knockout mice presented with altered membrane phospholipid composition, decreased mitochondrial stress capacity, and increased neuroinflammatory markers, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a specific marker for microglia/macrophage activation) after hypoxic stress. Furthermore, adenovirus-based overexpression of PRMT8 reversed the changes in membrane phospholipid composition, mitochondrial stress capacity, and neuroinflammatory markers. Together, our findings establish PRMT8 as an important regulatory component of membrane phospholipid composition, short-term memory function, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in response to hypoxic stress.

Background: Obesity is adversely affecting perioperative outcomes, however, long-term outcomes do not appear to be affected by excess body weight (the obesity paradox). The purpose of this study is to examine the association between obesity and surgical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) using data from the United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods: Patients ≥20 years old diagnosed with CRC who received surgery were identified in the 2004–2014 NIS database. Patients who were obese (ICD-9-CM code: 278.0) were matched with controls (non-obese) in a 1:4 ratio for age, sex, and severity of CRC (metastasis vs. no metastasis). Linear regression and path analysis were used to compare outcomes between obese and non-obese patients. A total of 107,067 patients (53,376 males, 53,691 females) were included in the analysis, and 7.86% were obese. Results: The rates of postoperative infection, shock, bleeding, wound disruption, and digestive system complications were significantly different between the obese and non-obese groups. The obesity group had increased incidence of postoperative infection by 1.9% (∂P/∂X = 0.019), shock by 0.25% (∂P/∂X = 0.0025), postoperative bleeding by 0.5% (∂P/∂X = 0.005), wound disruption by 0.6% (∂P/∂X = 0.006), and digestive system complications by 1.35% (∂P/∂X = 0.0135). Path analysis showed that obesity group had higher in-hospital mortality through mentioned above five complications by 66.65 × 10−5%, length of hospital stay by 0.32 days, and total hospital charges by 2384 US dollars. Conclusions: Obesity increases the risk of postoperative complications in patients with CRC undergoing surgery. It also increased in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, and total hospital charges. Therefore, patients with obesity might require a higher level of preoperative interventions and complications monitoring to improve outcomes.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major public health issue, as it is common for patients with depression to fail to respond to adequate trials of antidepressants. However, a well-established animal model of TRD is still warranted. The present study focused on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) resistance, and aimed to investigate whether higher levels of traumatic stress caused by greater numbers of foot-shocks may lead to severe depression and to examine the feasibility of this as an animal model of SSRI-resistant depression. To reveal the correlation between traumatic stress and severe depression, rats received 3, 6 and 10 tone (conditioned stimulus, CS)–shock (unconditioned stimulus, US) pairings to mimic mild, moderate, and severe traumatic events, and subsequent depressive-like behaviors and protein immunocontents were analyzed. The antidepressant efficacy was assessed for ketamine and SSRI (i.e., fluoxetine) treatment. We found that only the severe stress group presented depressive-like behaviors. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) was decreased in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). The immunocontents of GluA1 and PSD 95 were increased in the amygdala and decreased in the PFC. Moreover, the glutamate-related abnormalities in the amygdala and PFC were normalized by single-dose (10 mg/kg, i.p.) ketamine treatment. In contrast, the depressive-like behaviors were not reversed by 28 days of fluoxetine treatment (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in the severe stress group. Our data demonstrated that high levels of traumatic stress could lead to SSRI-resistant depressive symptoms through impacts on the glutamatergic system, and that this rat model has the potential to be a feasible animal model of SSRI-resistant depression.

Optogenetics is a recently established neuromodulation technique in which photostimulation is used to manipulate neurons with high temporal and spatial precision. However, sequential genetic and optical insertion with double brain implantation tends to cause excessive tissue damage. In addition, the incorporation of light-sensitive genes requires the utilization of viral vectors, which remains a safety concern. Here, by combining device fabrication design, nanotechnology, and cell targeting technology, we developed a new gene-embedded optoelectrode array for neural implantation to enable spatiotemporal electroporation (EP) for gene delivery/transfection, photomodulation, and synchronous electrical monitoring of neural signals in the brain via one-time implantation. A biotic-abiotic neural interface (called PG) composed of reduced graphene oxide and conductive polyelectrolyte 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-modified amphiphilic chitosan was developed to form a nanostructural hydrogel with assembled nanodomains for encapsulating nonviral gene vectors (called PEI-NT-pDNA) formulated by neurotensin (NT) and polyethylenimine (PEI)-coupled plasmid DNA (pDNA). The PG can maintain high charge storage ability to respond to a minimal current of 125 μA for controllable gene delivery. The in vitro analysis of PG-PEI-NT-pDNA on the microelectrode array chip showed that the microelectrodes provided electrically inductive electropermeabilization, which permitted gene transfection into localized rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells with a strong green fluorescent protein expression that was up to 8-fold higher than that in nontreated cells. Furthermore, the in vivo implantation enabled on-demand spatiotemporal gene transfection to neurons with 10-fold enhancement of targeting ability compared with astrocytes. Finally, using the real optogenetic opsin channelrhodopsin-2, the flexible neural probe incorporated with an optical waveguide fiber displayed photoevoked extracellular spikes in the thalamic ventrobasal region after focal EP for only 7 days, which provided a proof of concept for the use of photomodulation to facilitate neural therapies.

Background: Analysis was performed of two patient cohorts who underwent fixation without fusion for unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures: (I) minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group using combined monoaxial-polyaxial pedicle screws inserted percutaneously; (II) open surgery (OS) group using Schanz screw constructs. Our aim was to compare radiographic and clinical indices of the ‘gold standard’ of open Schanz screw to MIS monoaxial-polyaxial screw constructs. Methods: There were 13 patients in the MIS group and 19 in the OS group. Primary outcomes were the correction of fracture angulation and percentage loss of reduction until fracture union. Patient demographics, fracture classification, perioperative data and complications were also collected. Results: There was no significant difference in cohorts when comparing demographics and fracture classification. Operative time was 50 minutes less and haemoglobin drop was 9 g/L less in the MIS group. Radiation exposure was significantly higher in the MIS group. Pre-operatively, the mean kyphotic angle was 22° in the MIS and 16° in the OS group. Both groups achieved similar on-table correction. On immediate postoperative erect radiographs, the MIS group lost 15% of correction vs . 55% in the OS group. At final follow-up, both groups had a further loss of position, but significantly higher in the OS group (28% vs . 96%). Conclusions: Combined polyaxial-monoaxial screw MIS constructs demonstrate favorable radiological and clinical outcomes for treatment of unstable thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures. Our study also demonstrates higher rates of radiological collapse in the OS cohort.

Although wetland environmental protection plans are synonymous with wetland management and erosion control plans, the public perceptions of such plans often focus on their impact on the human enjoyment of wetland areas. These plans are affected by many interrelated influence factors, such as human welfare, property, safety, management, operations, maintenance, ecology, environment, artificial structures, climate control, and sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to probe how to use qualitative and quantitative measurements of wetland environments to create plan indexes using criteria/attributes as well as how to help these indexes for achieving the aspiration levels in each criterion/attribute. Previous studies that attempted to measure environmental evaluations and plans have assumed that these criteria are independent, but this assumption does not hold in real-world applications of real problems. Therefore, in this proof-of-concept study, using an empirical exam among various attributes and to measure and evaluate the real conditions for improving the wetland environmental problems. A DEMATEL technique can be used to construct the INRM, the basic concept of an ANP was modified to determine the influential weights of criteria/dimensions in our research alternative, called DANP (DEMATEL-based ANP). Then we can construct a decision-making model via a hybrid modified VIKOR method to improve wetlands environmental management manager strategy formulation in performance evaluation toward for achieving the aspiration level. Using these techniques, a proposed model appeared, which can be used to explain interdependence and feedback problems. Based on the final results, we can also propose a gap improvement in the development of a sustainable development plan for the environment while taking comfort and safety into account to improve standards and achieve human welfare expectations.

Objective To compare the surgical results of early treatment of zygomatic fractures with and without the use of the computer-assisted navigation system. Methods All patients with unilateral traumatic zygomatic fractures treated within 30 days after the injury at a single center between June 2012 and May 2017 were studied retrospectively. Primary outcome was defined by the displacement at 5 junctional sutures of zygomatic bone, the change at each point before and after the reconstruction, and the patient's subjective scoring of their appearance. Secondary outcome included the length of the operation and hospital stay, the number of incisional approaches, the fixation points, the maximal mouth opening, and the sequelae upon follow-up. Results Twenty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Fourteen of them received surgery with the help of a computer-assisted navigation system (navigation group), and 14 patients were treated without its assistance (control group). Before the surgery, the mean displacement of each junctional suture and the mean total displacement between both groups were comparable. Postoperative computed tomography showed that the mean total displacement was significantly less for the navigation group than the control group (0.53 vs 2.93 mm, P = 0.001), and the displacement of zygomaticosphenoid suture was smaller (0 vs 0.9 mm, P = 0.009). Patients in the navigation group underwent surgery via the single buccal-gingival approach without the need for longer operation time. There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay, maximal mouth opening, or cheek numbness. All patients recovered without major complications and were comparatively satisfied with their final appearance. Conclusions The navigation system has been demonstrated to be a useful tool for improving the symmetry in delayed or secondary reconstruction of zygomatic fractures. This study showed its effectiveness and safety in cases of early treatment as well, achieving a more accurate correction in a less invasive manner.

Paraquat (PQ) as an herbicide has been demonstrated to impair dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and highly correlate with the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). WNT/β-CATENIN signaling is known for the specification and neurogenesis of midbrain DAergic neurons and implicated as a therapeutic target in treating many diseases, such as cancer and degenerative diseases. LGK974, a WNT pathway inhibitor, is currently under clinical trial for patients with malignancies. Since the exact role of WNT/β-CATENIN signaling in mediating PD is undetermined, LGK974 was used to examine its effect on the PQ-induced cell model of PD. LGK974 attenuated PQ-induced apoptosis and released mitochondrial pro-poptotic molecules in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell. PQ increased the levels of β-CATENIN, non-phosphorylated (Ser33/37/Thr41) β-CATENIN, and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β. PQ also increased the nuclear translocation of β-CATENIN, which can be attenuated by LKG974. Furthermore, LGK974 attenuated the PQ-induced release of mitochondrial proapoptotic factors and WNT agonist 1-induced cell death. Taken together, we have shown for the first time that LGK974 mediated through the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway to prevent PQ-induced cell death.

Erinacine S, the new bioactive diterpenoid compound isolated from the ethanol extract of the mycelia of Hericium erinaceus, displays great health-promoting properties. However, the effects of erinacine S on inductive apoptosis in cancer cells such as gastric cancer and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our results demonstrated that erinacine S treatment significantly induces cell apoptosis with increased ROS production in gastric cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Significantly, erinacine S also showed its inhibitory effects on tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that erinacine S treatment significantly increases the FasL and TRAIL protein, whereas it decreases the levels of PCNA and cyclin D1 in the gastric cancer xenograft mice. Consistently, in AGS cells, erinacine S treatment not only triggers the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways (TRAIL, Fas-L and caspase-8, -9, -3), but it also suppresses the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in a time-dependent manner. In addition, erinacine S also causes cell cycle G1 arrest by the inactivation of CDKs/cyclins. Moreover, our data revealed that activation of the ROS-derived and AKT/FAK/PAK1 pathways is involved in the erinacine S-mediated transcriptional activation of Fas-L and TRAIL through H3K4 trimethylation on their promoters. Together, this study sheds light on the anticancer effects of erinacine S on gastric cancer and its molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo.

In the Internet era, the competitiveness of global building design smart technologies continues to increase, inevitably forcing smart building design to re-examine the application of smart systems, the development and evaluation of indicators, including the evaluation of biometric systems, radio frequency technology systems and digital cryptography. The system is used to improve the overall satisfaction and competitiveness of intelligent technology in architectural design. However, the successful design of intelligent architectural depends on the development of corresponding systems and the management of advantages. Thus, we via literature review to frame construction developing sustainability strategy indicators for this research that were divided into three major dimensioned which were further subdivided into twelve sub criteria; the propose to use a new sustainable development strategy indicator evaluation and intelligent technology architectural design improvement MADM-DANP model. Unlike previous multiple attributes, decision-making (MADM) methods that assume the criteria are independent, we propose a hybrid model, combining a decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and analytical network process (ANP) method called DANP, which addresses the dependent relationships between the various criteria to better reflect the real-world situation. In the final results, we can also address a gap in the development of sustainable development plans for the environment, taking into account comfort, convenience and safety in order to raise the standards in achieving human welfare expectations.