595 results on '"Challenge tests"'
Search Results
102. La Hiperventilación y el Trastorno de Angustia a la Luz de un Marco Cognitivo.
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Wood, Cristina and Vindel, Antonio Cano
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ANXIETY , *PANIC disorder treatment , *ANXIETY disorders treatment , *HYPERVENTILATION , *PROVOCATION tests (Medicine) , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *MEDICAL care research , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Aimed at inducing high levels of physiological activity, the use of voluntary hyperventilation (VH) as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of panic disorder has spread among clinical psychologists over the last few years, in spite of its limitations. However, VH does not generate anxiety in all patients. Noteworthy individual differences associated to different factors, have accounted for this. Literature has focused on the predictive validity of a number of psychological constructs, i.e., sensitivity to anxiety, trait anxiety, and anxiety level within the three response systems - cognitive, physiological and behavioral/motor. These factors may explain differences in the anxiety experience during VH tests both in clinical and non-clinical population. Results show that VH interoceptive exposure treatment for patients with panic should be revised and probably replaced by a more cognitive oriented intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
103. Effectiveness of lactic and acetic acids on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus in primo sale fresh cheese.
- Author
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Tirloni, Erica, Bernardi, Cristian, Celandroni, Francesco, Ghelardi, Emilia, and Stella, Simone
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ACETIC acid , *LACTIC acid , *ORGANIC acids , *ACID solutions , *CHEESE , *VACCINATION , *LISTERIA monocytogenes , *BACILLUS cereus - Abstract
In this study Brain Heart Infusion broth inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes with a concentration of acetic acid of 24.98 mM or a concentration of 44.40 mM of lactic acid did not determine the increase in absorbance in 7 days. A concentration of acetic acid of 24.98 mM and a concentration of 22.20 mM of lactic acid were effective against Bacillus cereus growth. Then, challenge tests on primo sale cheese were conducted to establish if these concentrations were efficient when applied to cheese. After inoculum with the pathogens (2 log CFU g−1), cheese was dipped with acetic and lactic acid solutions. In a first trial, L. monocytogenes inoculated, showed the absence of significant differences in growth at 4 °C among the treated series (Ac1: acetic acid - 49.96 mM; Ac2: 24.98 mM; Lac1: lactic acid – 88.80 mM; Lac2: 44.40 mM) if compared to Control (CTRL) series (dipped with sterile water). At 8 °C, a significantly lower growth in Ac1 samples if compared to control ones and to all the treated series was observed (P < 0.05). The trial conducted inoculating B. cereus did not show any difference at 15 °C among samples treated with organic acids if compared to control series. • BHI with acetic acid at 24.98 mM did not show to favour B. cereus and L. monocytogenes growth. • BHI with lactic acid at 44.40 and 22.20 mM did not favour L. monocytogenes and B. cereus growth. • Challenge tests with bacteria inoculated on cheese were used to evaluate the efficacy of the acids. • In samples treated with 88.8 mM of acetic acid L. monocytogenes grew slower at 8 °C. • B. cereus did not show any difference at 15 °C among samples treated with organic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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104. New visions for food allergy: An iPAC summary and future trends.
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Eigenmann, Philippe A., Beyer, Kirsten, Burks, A. Wesley, Lack, Gideon, Liacouras, Chris A., Hourihane, Jonathan O'B., Sampson, Hugh A., and Sodergren, Eva
- Abstract
The spectrum of food allergy consists of a variety of different clinical pictures including immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and non‐IgE food allergy as well as mixed, IgE and non‐IgE disorders. In addition, eosinophilic diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with occasional IgE‐type sensitization are increasingly recognized. As a consequence, the clinical picture of food allergy is pleomorphic and can range from chronic GI symptoms to severe anaphylaxis. The diagnosis of food allergy is mostly hampered by the lack of reliable in vitro tests for non‐IgE‐mediated diseases, and in most cases relies on a reoccurrence of symptoms upon re‐exposure to the antigen; in general during a standardized food challenge. Currently, there is no safe and efficient treatment for food allergy and the treatment relies on avoidance diets. Priorities for research have been identified by iPAC (international Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Consortium) and outlined in this review. They include studies to better identify the pathogenesis of food allergy, including genetic aspects; studies to develop diagnostic and follow‐up tests; studies for standardization of food challenges; as well as studies addressing a safe and efficient treatment of food allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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105. Nouveautés en allergie médicamenteuse.
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Ponvert, C.
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ALLERGIES ,DRUG side effects ,ANALGESICS ,CYTOKINES ,CENTRAL nervous system depressants ,PAIN management - Abstract
Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2008
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106. Les conditions de sécurité pour la réalisation des tests de provocation en allergologie
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Bousquet, P.-J., Rance, F., Deschildre, A., de Blay, F., Lefrant, J.-Y., and Demoly, P.
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ALLERGIES , *ALLERGENS , *DIAGNOSIS , *INTENSIVE care units - Abstract
Abstract: The French society of allergology (SFAIC) is editing recommendations concerning the practice of allergic challenge tests. The different challenges are listed (food, drugs, respiratory allergens, rush immunotherapy), together with their indications and procedures. It is recommended that the above allergic challenge tests should be performed in hospital settings with a trained staff with sufficient knowledge in allergology to confirm diagnosis, follow the tests and be able to promptly and adequately treat severe reactions; this unit should be close enough to an ICU for adults and children. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2007
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107. Risk assessment of fungal spoilage: A case study of Aspergillus niger on yogurt
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Konstantinos Koutsoumanis and Maria Gougouli
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0301 basic medicine ,Percentile ,030106 microbiology ,Food spoilage ,Models, Biological ,Risk Assessment ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food Quality ,Humans ,Food science ,Mycelium ,Mathematics ,biology ,business.industry ,Aspergillus niger ,Temperature ,Growth model ,Consumer Behavior ,Spores, Fungal ,Yogurt ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Food Microbiology ,Risk assessment ,business ,Challenge tests ,Food Science - Abstract
A quantitative risk assessment model of yogurt spoilage by Aspergillus niger was developed based on a stochastic modeling approach for mycelium growth by taking into account the important sources of variability such as time-temperature conditions during the different stages of chill chain and individual spore behavior. Input parameters were fitted to the appropriate distributions and A. niger colony’s diameter at each stage of the chill chain was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. By combining the output of the growth model with the fungus prevalence, that can be estimated by the industry using challenge tests, the risk of spoilage translated to number of yogurt cups in which a visible mycelium of A. niger is being formed at the time of consumption was assessed. The risk assessment output showed that for a batch of 100,000 cups in which the percentage of contaminated cups with A . niger was 1% the predicted numbers (median (5 th , 95 th percentiles)) of the cups with a visible mycelium at consumption time were 8 (5, 14). For higher percentages of 3, 5 and 10 the predicted numbers (median (5 th , 95 th percentiles)) of the spoiled cups at consumption time were estimated to be 24 (16, 35), 39 (29, 52) and 80 (64, 94), respectively. The developed model can lead to a more effective risk-based quality management of yogurt and support the decision making in yogurt production.
- Published
- 2017
108. Optimization of experimental infection protocols for the estimation of genetic parameters of resistance to White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei
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Gitterle, Thomas, Gjerde, Bjarne, Cock, James, Salazar, Marcela, Rye, Morten, Vidal, Oscar, Lozano, Carlos, Erazo, Constanza, and Salte, Ragnar
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MORTALITY , *PENAEIDAE , *SHRIMPS , *INFECTIOUS disease transmission - Abstract
Abstract: Two infection protocols, individual oral (IO) and waterborne infection (WB), were evaluated to challenge Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Five different batches of full and half-sib families were infected experimentally and tested for growth performance under commercial growth conditions. The genetic variance for WSSV resistance was estimated using a linear sire–dam repeatability model that considers test-day survival as the dependent variable. The heritability estimates using the IO protocol ranged from 0.01±0.00 to 0.02±0.01, whereas the heritability estimates using the WB infection protocol were not significantly different from zero. The genetic correlations measured as the product moment correlation between full-sib family breeding values for resistance to WSSV and harvest body weight in ponds were unfavourable in three of the five batches and favourable in one of them. The dosage of WSSV was better controlled with IO oral infection than with other methods, with all animals being exposed to approximately the same risk of infection at the same time. This should improve the accuracy of the genetic parameters and hence improve the accuracy of the breeding values. It should, however, be noted that once the outbreak was established and the mortalities began, the shape and the magnitude of the slope of the mortality curves showed little difference in the infection pattern between batches irrespective of the dosage and infection protocol, and in most of the cases the cumulative mortality was greater than 80%. The main reason for this is probably the high densities of animals in the tanks needed for the genetic evaluations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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109. Single cell variability of L. monocytogenes grown on liver pâté and cooked ham at 7°C: comparing challenge test data to predictive simulations.
- Author
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Francois, K., Devlieghere, F., Uyttendaele, M., Standaert, A. R., Geeraerd, A. H., Nadal, P., Van Impe, J. F., and Debevere, J.
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LISTERIA monocytogenes , *LISTERIA , *GRAM-positive bacteria , *FOOD pathogens , *MONTE Carlo method , *MICROBIOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: The variability in growth between individual Listeria monocytogenes cells was investigated on liver pâté and cooked ham. These results were compared to Monte Carlo simulations based on data collected previously in broths (Francois et al., submitted for publication). Methods and Results: Single cells were isolated by a dilution protocol and inoculated on 15 g samples of liver pâté and cooked ham, pasteurized in the packaging. Of each product, 250 samples were inoculated, of which 50 samples were analysed for L. monocytogenes on each analysis day. Results were compared to simulations, based on distributions that describe the variability of the individual cell lag phases and generation times of L. monocytogenes cultivated in broths. Based on the same simulation techniques, the variability effect was investigated for different inoculum levels (10, 100, 1000 and 10 000 cells). It was demonstrated that the expected variability of the outgrowth of L. monocytogenes in a challenge test is very high for low inoculum levels. Conclusions: The variability in growth characteristics observed between different single L. monocytogenes cells on foods is very large. The simulations based on the previously collected optical density data in broths, could be confirmed by foods inoculated with single L. monocytogenes cells. Significance and Impact of the Study: The large variability between different individual L. monocytogenes cells has serious consequences for the experimental design of a challenge test. One thousand cells per portion are necessary in order to reduce the variability to acceptable levels and quantify the behaviour of the pathogen consistently with a reasonable number of challenge tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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110. Dopamine challenge tests as an indicator of psychological traits.
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Netter, P.
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DOPAMINE , *PROVOCATION tests (Medicine) , *PROLACTIN , *MENTAL depression , *SENSATION seeking - Abstract
After discussing some introductory considerations about the value of challenge tests in general for discriminating personality dimensions which are considered extrapolations of psychopathological diseases, the present paper outlines the matter of responsivity to agonistic and antagonistic dopaminergic drugs or drugs of different mechanisms of action in the dopaminergic system, and elucidates that different hormones elicited by dopaminergic substances (prolactin, growth hormone) may indicate personality related differences in susceptibility of different brain areas. A further point was to demonstrate not only the well known relationship of dopaminergic hyperactivity with reward seeking and motivational factors associated with extraversion and novelty seeking, but also the relationship of dopaminergic hypofunction with the personality dimension of depression which had already been reported in studies on animals and psychiatric patients. A final point was to demonstrate that besides size of hormone responses additional parameters like time of response onset and initial prolactin increase can be used as biochemical indicators for identifying certain personality types, like highly depressive neurotic persons characterized by lower and later dopamine responses as compared to low depressives, and extraverted sensation-seeking types responding by an initial prolactin peak as opposed to low sensation seekers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2006
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111. Bronchial allergen challenge – An old, but still useful tool in research and diagnostics
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Grzegorz Siergiejko, Zenon Siergiejko, Ewa Swiebocka, and Mark Klukowski
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,respiratory tract diseases ,Allergen challenge ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Allergen ,030228 respiratory system ,Immunology ,Exhaled nitric oxide ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Challenge tests ,General Environmental Science ,Asthma - Abstract
A bronchial allergen challenge may serve both as a diagnostic as well as investigative procedure. Its usage in the diagnosis of asthma is infrequent due to its time-consuming nature as well as (in our opinion) an unfounded fear for a patient's safety. It is quite useful in the diagnostics of workplace related illnesses. Due to its ability to produce a controlled, long-lasting allergic-inflammatory reaction in the bronchi, this procedure is commonly used in research settings as well as in the assessment of new substances which may potentially have a place in the treatment of asthma, for ex. through the blocking of late asthmatic reactions. Changes stimulated by a bronchial allergen challenge may be evaluated by many methods using different materials, i.e. samples obtained from direct biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavages, exhaled breath condensates, or measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide. This procedure is a seemingly ideal research and diagnostic tool, however, a common protocol for its execution has not yet been accepted. Recent legal regulations have resulted in difficulties obtaining various allergens for challenge tests. Hopefully this is a temporary and minor setback for this very useful and constantly developing procedure.
- Published
- 2017
112. Agents causing occupational asthma in Finland in 1986–2002: Cow epithelium bypassed by moulds from moisture-damaged buildings.
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Piipari, R. and Keskinen, H.
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ASTHMA , *ANTIASTHMATIC agents , *RESPIRATORY allergy , *BRONCHIAL diseases , *ALLERGIES , *ASTHMATICS , *BRONCHIAL spasm , *BRONCHOPULMONARY spirochaetosis , *ANTIALLERGIC agents - Abstract
Background Occupational asthma is an avoidable form of asthma. In Finland, the diagnosis of occupational asthma entitles substantial compensation to the employee. The diagnostics are based on symptoms, exposure assessment, allergologic investigations, follow-up of peak expiratory flow (PEF) at work and at home and, in many cases, specific challenge tests. Objective To study the causative agents of occupational asthma in Finland. Methods The causative agents and the numbers of new occupational asthma cases notified to the Finnish Register of Occupational Diseases (FROD) during 1986–2002 are reported. Results The number of occupational asthma cases increased from 1986 until 1995, after which a downward trend, stabilizing during the last few years, has been observed. The majority of the cases (59%) in the beginning of the period (1986–1990) were associated with agriculture, but the percentage has fallen thereafter (42% of the cases in 1998–2002) along with the fall in the total number of cases. Since 1995, indoor moulds from water-damaged buildings have caused an increasing number of cases and have become the most important causative agents (0.5% cases, in 1986–1990 and 18% of the cases in 1998–2002). Chemicals have caused 10–30% of the cases, a decreasing number since 1990. The most important chemicals causing occupational asthma have been diisocyanates and welding fumes, followed by hairdressing chemicals and formaldehyde. Conclusions The number of occupational asthma cases in Finland reached its height in the mid-1990s. The decrease in the number of total cases is because of the decrease in agriculture-associated cases, reflecting the number of employees in agriculture-associated occupations, which has greatly decreased since Finland joined the EU in 1995. An epidemic of mould-induced asthma, affecting mostly white-collar employees working in moisture-damaged buildings, has taken place since 1995. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
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113. Reflections on the use of robust and least-squares non-linear regression to model challenge tests conducted in/on food products
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Miconnet, N., Geeraerd, A.H., Van Impe, J.F., Rosso, L., and Cornu, M.
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REGRESSION analysis , *LEAST squares , *MATHEMATICAL statistics , *FOOD production - Abstract
Abstract: In this research, we question the straight-forward use of the classical sum of squared error criterion for identifying the typical parameters of a primary model (like growth rate μ max and lag time λ) when applied to growth curves obtained in and on food products. Firstly, we base our reflections on 62 Listeria monocytogenes laboratory challenge tests collected in various environments (broth, crushed cold-smoked salmon, and surface of cold-smoked salmon slices). Whereas growth data in broth resulted in residual values consistent with a Gaussian distribution, growth data in the crushed product and even more on the surface of slices appeared different. Secondly, we propose the use of an alternative so-called robust non-linear regression method suitable when experimental error is non-normally distributed, which seems, according to this research, typical for microbial challenge tests in/on food products, and which lead to apparent outliers or leverage points in the experimental data. Properties of the robust regression procedure are illustrated on simulated data first, whereafter its use on the considered challenge tests is illustrated. To conclude, reflections on the assumptions and related realism underlying challenge tests and recommendations for fitting growth curves obtained in and on food products are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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114. Challenge Tests and Panic Disorder: Implications for Clinical Assessment.
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Smitherman, Todd A.
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PSYCHOLOGISTS , *BEHAVIORAL scientists , *DIAGNOSIS , *PANIC disorders , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *PANIC - Abstract
The growing body of research on procedures designed to induce symptoms of panic (challenge tests) has prompted practicing psychologists to consider using challenge tests for assessment of panic disorder. This article overviews the empirical literature on the neurobiological and psychological factors involved in the panicogenic effects of challenge tests and, in doing so, outlines strengths and weaknesses of using challenge tests as assessment tools in clinical settings. It is suggested that challenge tests are useful for understanding a client's phenomenological experience of panic and as a tool for planning and evaluating treatment, though they are not ideal for differential diagnosis. Practicing psychologists can draw on the included recommendations when considering adopting challenge tests in applied settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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115. Hands-On Activities and Challenge Tests in Agricultural and Environmental Education.
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Poudel, D. D., Vincent, L. M., Anzalone, C., Huner, J., Wollard, D., Clement, T., DeRamus, A., and Blakewood, G.
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AGRICULTURAL education , *ENVIRONMENTAL education , *ACTIVITY programs in education , *HIGH school students , *SECONDARY education - Abstract
Many agricultural and environmental problems are interrelated and overlapping. Several agencies, including nonprofit organizations, have developed programs to educate schoolchildren about agricultural and environmental issues; however, programs that integrate both agricultural and environmental learning, especially among middle and high school students, are limited. To facilitate agricultural and environmental learning among middle and high school students, an agricultural and environmental challenge program was developed at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette) in southwestern Louisiana. Educators conducted 4 challenge events for middle and high school students in 2002. Each event consisted of 5 stations: water quality, plant science, soil science, land management, and aquaculture. Groups of 5 to 6 students spent 25 min at each station engaged in hands-on activities and discussion. At the end of each event, appropriate tests were administered, and prizes and a scholarship to study in the College of Applied Life Sciences at UL Lafayette were awarded. Students evaluated the events at the end of the day. Teachers and students reported that the events were very interesting, informative, and educational. Hands-on activities and challenge tests enhanced student's interest, motivation, and ability to think critically about contemporary agriculture and environmental issues in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2005
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116. Presence and characterisation of verotoxin producing E. coli in fresh Italian pork sausages, and preparation and use of an antibiotic-resistant strain for challenge studies
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Villani, F., Russo, F., Blaiotta, G., Moschetti, G., and Ercolini, D.
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PORK , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *GENES , *MEAT - Abstract
Abstract: One hundred and twenty six samples of fresh pork sausages were analysed for the presence of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC). Selective enrichment followed by DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the stx1 and stx2 genes highlighted the occurrence of the above mentioned genes in 20 out of 126 samples screened. From the stx positive enriched cultures, isolation was performed on CT-SMAC agar plates after immuno-magnetic separation of E. coli O157. Fifty three non-sorbitol fermenting isolates were obtained and further characterised, along with the reference strain E. coli ATCC 35150T. All the isolates were characterised by PCR assays, assessing the presence of stx1, stx2, rfbE O157:H7, eae and hlyA genes. The overall prevalence of VTEC was found to be 16%. VTEC strains were also characterised by plasmid profiling and REA-PFGE analysis, which allowed strain clustering into 5 and 8 groups, respectively. In addition, an antibiotic resistant E. coli O157:H7 strain was selected and used in challenge tests of raw pork at 4°C. This strain could be selectively counted in the presence of a normal background microflora and it was shown that it could survive for 1week at 4°C in the raw food studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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117. Allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions to antibiotics in children
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Ponvert, C. and Scheinmann, P.
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- 2004
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118. Betalactam antibiotics: allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions
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Ponvert, C. and Scheinmann, P.
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ANTI-infective agents , *ALLERGIES , *DRUG side effects , *SKIN tests - Abstract
Tous aˆges confondus, 15 a` 20 % des sujets traite´s par des me´dicaments anti-infectieux rapportent des re´actions susceptibles d’e´voquer une hypersensibilite´ (HS) a` ces me´dicaments, les anti-infectieux les plus fre´quemment accuse´s e´tant les beˆtalactamines. Avant tout, notamment lors de re´actions re´pe´te´es a` des anti-infectieux divers, il convient d’e´liminer une intole´rance ou une allergie a` des me´dicaments associe´s ou a` des additifs par un interrogatoire, un examen attentif des fiches signale´tiques des me´dicaments incrimine´s et, e´ventuellement, des tests de re´introduction ou de provocation. Apre`s l’interrogatoire, les tests cutane´s (TC) repre´sentent le premier temps de la de´marche diagnostique, les tests in vitro d’HS imme´diate (HSI) et d’HS retarde´e (HSR) aux beˆtalactamines n’ayant pas fait la preuve de leur valeur diagnostique et pre´dictive. Les TC a` lecture imme´diate (prick-tests et intradermore´actions) aux beˆtalactamines sont bien standardise´s, et ont une bonne valeur diagnostique et pre´dictive. Ils sont essentiellement indique´s chez les patients rapportant des symptoˆmes fortement e´vocateurs d’une HSI (anaphylaxie, urticaires et/ou angio-œde`mes de chronologie imme´diate ou acce´le´re´e), chez lesquels ils permettent de confirmer ou d’infirmer une sensibilisation aux beˆtalactamines, et de de´terminer si le patient est sensibilise´ a` une seule ou a` plusieurs beˆtalactamines de la meˆme classe ou de classes diffe´rentes. A` l’exception des patch-tests (ecze´mas) et des photo-patch-tests (photodermatoses), la valeur diagnostique et pre´dictive des TC a` lecture retarde´e (intradermore´actions et patch-tests) reste pour l’instant imparfaite, et une importante proportion des re´actions d’HS non imme´diate aux beˆtalactamines est diagnostique´e par les tests de re´introduction, notamment chez l’enfant. Toutefois, les tests de re´introduction sont formellement contre-indique´s chez les patients rapportant des symptoˆmes a` type de (pseudo)-maladie se´rique ou de toxidermie (potentiellement) se´ve`re. Chez les patients rapportant des re´actions a` type d’e´rythe`me polymorphe (EP) ou de syndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ), il convient avant tout de rechercher une e´tiologie infectieuse (herpe`s, mycoplasme, etc.) qui, lorsqu’elle est retrouve´e, innocente (en principe) le me´dicament. [Copyright 2004 Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
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119. Neurobiological correlates of diagnosis and underlying traits in patients with borderline personality disorder compared with normal controls
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Paris, Joel, Zweig-Frank, Hallie, Ng Ying Kin, N.M.K., Schwartz, George, Steiger, Howard, and Nair, N.P.V.
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PERSONALITY disorders , *PATHOLOGICAL psychology , *SEROTONIN , *GONADOTROPIN - Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that borderline personality disorder (BPD) and its underlying traits are associated with abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems. Subjects were 30 women with BPD and 22 normal controls, assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, revised, the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-A) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), the Diagnostic Assessment of Personality Pathology, the Buss–Durkee Guilt-Hostility Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), and challenge tests to measure serotonergic, cholinergic and noradrenergic activity. Borderline subjects with high HAM-A and HAM-D scores showed a faster time to peak in prolactin response to meta-chlorphenylpiperazine (m-CPP) challenge. Borderline subjects with high BIS scores showed prolactin blunting. There were no differences in cortisol response to m-CPP, or on the cholinergic and noradrenergic challenges. The results suggest that impulsive traits in borderline patients are associated with abnormalities in serotonergic systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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120. Allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions to antibiotics in children: a review based on a dozen of clinical cases
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Ponvert, C. and Scheinmann, P.
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- 2003
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121. Antibiotic allergy and pseudo-allergy in child
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Ponvert, Claude and Scheinmann, Pierre
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ALLERGIES , *ANTI-infective agents , *DRUGS , *QUINOLONE antibacterial agents - Abstract
Ten to 20% of patients of all ages report symptoms suggesting a hypersensitivity (HS) reaction to one or several anti-infectious drugs. The frequency of these reactions is lower in children than in adults, the betalactams being involved in 50% (adults) to 80% (children) of cases. Results of allergological studies show that most reactions reported in children do not result from anti-microbial drug HS. However, the risk of HS to these drugs is high in children reporting anaphylaxis and immediate urticaria and angioedema. Diagnostic and predictive values of in vitro tests for immediate and non-immediate HS to anti-microbial drugs are low. At present, immediate responses in skin tests have good diagnostic and predictive values in patients, especially children, with reactions suggestive of immediate HS to betalactams, quinolones, and rifampicin: in these patients, skin tests diagnose immediate HS to the suspected drugs and cross-reactivity to several drugs of the same family. Except for patch-tests (eczemas) and photopatch-tests (photodermatoses), the diagnostic and predictive values of non-immediate responses in skin tests with anti-microbial drugs are controversial. The optimal time to perform tests is between 6–8 weeks and 1–2 years after the clinical reaction. However, non-immediate sensitizations can be diagnosed several years later. Diagnosis of anti-microbial drugs HS is based on challenge tests when skin tests cannot be performed or are negative. However, challenge is contra-indicated in patients reporting reactions to useless drugs and potentially harmful reactions such as serum sickness-like disease and potentially harmful toxidermias. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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122. Allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions to betalactam antibiotics
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Ponvert, C. and Scheinmann, P.
- Abstract
Tous âges confondus, 15 à 20 % des sujets traités par des médicaments anti-infectieux rapportent des réactions susceptibles d’évoquer une hypersensibilité (HS) à ces médicaments, les anti-infectieux les plus fréquemment accusés étant les bêtalactamines. Avant tout, notamment lors de réactions répétées à des anti-infectieux divers, il convient d’éliminer une intolérance ou une allergie à des médicaments associés ou à des additifs par un interrogatoire policier, un examen attentif des fiches signalétiques des médicaments incriminés et, éventuellement, des tests de réintroduction ou de provocation. Après l’interrogatoire, les tests cutanés (TC) représentent le premier temps de la démarche diagnostique, les tests in vitro d’HS immédiate (HSI) et d’HS retardée (HSR) aux bêtalactamines n’ayant pas fait la preuve de leur valeur diagnostique et prédictive. Les TC à lecture immédiate (prick-tests et intradermoréactions) aux bêtalactamines sont bien standardisé, et ont une bonne valeur diagnostique et prédictive. Ils sont essentiellement indiqués chez les patients rapportant des symptômes fortement évocateurs d’une HSI (anaphylaxie, urticaires et/ou angio-œdèmes de chronologie immédiate ou accélérée), chez lesquels ils permettent de confirmer ou d’infirmer une sensibilisation aux bêtalactamines, et de déterminer si le patient est sensibilisé à une seule ou à plusieurs bêtalactamines de la même classe ou de classes différentes. À l’exception des patch-tests (eczémas) et des photo-patch-tests (photo-dermatoses), la valeur diagnostique et prédictive des TC à lecture retardée ... [Copyright 2003 Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Allergic and pseudoallergic reactions to betalactam antibiotics in children
- Author
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Ponvert, Claude
- Subjects
- *
ALLERGIES , *ANTIBIOTICS - Abstract
Fifteen to 20% of patients of all ages treated with anti-infectious drugs report symptoms suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction, most often related to a betalactam. Allergy studies show that most reactions to betalactams reported in children do not result from anti-microbial drug hypersensitivity. Nevertheless, the risk of hypersensitivity to these drugs is high in children who have previously had anaphylaxis, immediate urticaria and/or angioedema. Following an initial medical history, skin tests with betalactams are the next diagnostic step. Immediate skin tests to betalactams have been standardized and have good diagnostic and predictive values, whereas the predictive value of in vitro tests for immediate and non-immediate hypersensitivity to betalactams has not been proven. Immediate skin tests are indicated mainly in patients reporting reactions suggestive of immediate hypersensitivity, and they provide confirmation or rejection of a diagnosis of sensitization to betalactams and at the same time provide evidence for sensitization to one or more betalactams of the same and/or different class. Except for patch tests (for eczema) and photopatch-tests (for photodermatoses), the predictive values of delayed skin tests to anti-microbial drugs remain uncertain, and a large proportion of such delayed reactions must be diagnosed by challenge tests. Note that challenge tests are strictly contraindicated in children reporting symptoms suggestive of (pseudo-) serum sickness or a (potentially) severe toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) reaction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
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124. Repeated rating improves value of diagnostic dopaminergic challenge tests in Parkinson's disease.
- Author
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Müller, Th., Benz, S., Börnke, C., Russ, H., and Przuntek, H.
- Subjects
- *
DOPAMINE , *PARKINSON'S disease , *EXTRAPYRAMIDAL disorders , *BRAIN diseases , *CATECHOLAMINES , *NEUROTRANSMITTERS - Abstract
Summary. Clinicians use acute challenges with levodopa (LD) and/or apomorphine (A) for diagnostic dopaminergic response tests in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We consecutively compared the value of both drugs with performance of repeated ratings and adverse effect recording. Oral administration of 200 mg LD was superior to subcutaneous injection of 4 mg A in terms of tolerability and onset of temporary UPDRS motor score decline ([previously untreated PD patients] LD: 4.02 [mean] ± 2.45 [SD] {significant decrease: p = 1.42E-07} vs. A: 1.58 ± 3.38 {not significant decrease: p = 0.14}, p = 0.0009; [treated PD patients] LD: 7.71 ± 4.35 {significant decrease: p = 2.48E-06} vs. A: 5.19 ± 4.32 {significant decrease: p = 7.83E-05}, p = 0.07). We suggest diagnostic acute challenge test performance with LD as first- and A as second choice due to better tolerability and valuation in combination with repeated scoring procedures to improve sensitivity and specifity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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125. Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media: Safety of a study protocol that includes fast full-dose parenteral challenge tests searching for an alternative contrast media
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Laura Argiz, Alfonsa Friera, Carlos Blanco, Francisco Vega, Maria Teresa Belver, Raphaëlle Bazire, and Maria Victoria Múgica
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Iodine Compounds ,Contrast Media ,Contrast (music) ,Iodinated contrast media ,Drug Hypersensitivity ,Text mining ,Clinical Protocols ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Radiology ,business ,Challenge tests - Published
- 2019
126. New Term to Quantify the Effect of Temperature on pHmin-Values Used in Cardinal Parameter Growth Models for Listeria monocytogenes
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Paw Dalgaard, Elissavet Gkogka, and Veronica Martinez-Rios
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Microbiology (medical) ,model validation ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Model validation ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Listeria monocytogenes ,predictive microbiology ,medicine ,Food science ,mathematical modelling ,food.cheese ,product development ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,Chemistry ,Bias factor ,mathematical modeling ,risk assessment ,Cream cheese ,food safety ,Boundary model ,Fermentation ,Predictive microbiology ,Challenge tests - Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of temperature on pH min -values of Listeria monocytogenes as used in cardinal parameter growth models and thereby improve the prediction of growth for this pathogen in food with low pH. Experimental data for L. monocytogenes growth in broth at different pH-values and at different constant temperatures were generated and used to determined pH min -values. Additionally, pH min -values for L. monocytogenes available from literature were collected. A new pH min -function was developed to describe the effect of temperatures on pH min -values obtained experimentally and from literature data. A growth and growth boundary model was developed by substituting the constant pH min -value present in the Mejlholm and Dalgaard (2009) model (J. Food. Prot. 72, 2132-2143) by the new pH min -function. To obtain data for low pH food, challenge tests were performed with L. monocytogenes in commercial and laboratory-produced chemically acidified cheese including glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and in commercial cream cheese. Furthermore, literature data for growth of L. monocytogenes in products with or without GDL were collected. Evaluation of the new and expanded model by comparison of observed and predicted μ max -values resulted in a bias factor of 1.01 and an accuracy factor of 1.48 for a total of 1,129 growth responses from challenge tests and literature data. Growth and no-growth responses of L. monocytogenes in seafood, meat, non-fermented dairy products, and fermented cream cheese were 90.3% correctly predicted with incorrect predictions being 5.3% fail-safe and 4.4% fail-dangerous. The new pH min -function markedly extended the range of applicability of the Mejlholm and Dalgaard (2009) model from pH 5.4 to pH 4.6 and therefore the model can now support product development, reformulation or risk assessment of food with low pH including chemically acidified cheese and cream cheese.
- Published
- 2019
127. Protective cultures against foodborne pathogens in a nitrite reduced fermented meat product
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Beatriz Melero, Diana Di Gioia, Beatriz Manso, Jordi Rovira, Ivana Nikodinoska, Lourdes García-Sánchez, Loredana Baffoni, Nikodinoska, Ivana, Baffoni, Loredana, Di Gioia, Diana, Manso, Beatriz, García-Sánchez, Lourde, Melero, Beatriz, and Rovira, Jordi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Salmonella ,Nitrite reduction ,Inoculation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Protective culture ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,chemistry ,Listeria monocytogenes ,010608 biotechnology ,Dietary Nitrate ,Salmonella spp ,medicine ,Fermentation ,Food science ,Nitrite ,Fermented pork meat ,Challenge tests ,Listeria monocytogene ,Food Science - Abstract
In the present work, a combined hurdle approach for fermented meat preservation was investigated. Challenge tests were performed in Chorizo sausage model using the maximum allowed NaNO2 amount (150 mg/kg), a reduced amount (75 mg/kg) and no nitrite, with and without protective cultures inoculation. Cocktail strains of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were used as indicator strains. In a nitrite reduced sausage model, L. monocytogenes growing trend did not significantly change (p > 0.05) when compared with that containing higher nitrite concentration (150 mg/kg NaNO2). The addition of L. plantarum PSC20 significantly lowered L. monocytogenes growth when compared with control batches without PCS20 (p < 0.05), obtaining 3.84 log cfu/g and 2.62 log cfu/g lower counts in the batches with 150 mg/kg NaNO2 and 75 mg/kg NaNO2 respectively. None of the protective cultures demonstrated in situ antagonistic activity against Salmonella spp. This work pointed out that the reduction of nitrites with the combined use of a protective culture could be a feasible approach to control L. monocytogenes growth in fermented meat foods.
- Published
- 2019
128. Reduction of Salmonella spp. populations in Italian salami during production process and high pressure processing treatment: Validation of processes to export to the U.S
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Elena Cosciani-Cunico, Andrea Serraino, Lia Bardasi, Silvia Piva, Federica Giacometti, Elena Dalzini, Maria Silvia Grisenti, Mattia Ramini, Roberta Taddei, Maria Angela Frustoli, Paolo Bonilauri, Paolo Daminelli, Giuseppe Merialdi, and Paolo Bonilauri, Maria Silvia Grisenti, Paolo Daminelli, Giuseppe Merialdi, Mattia Ramini, Lia Bardasi, Roberta Taddei, Elena Cosciani-Cunico, Elena Dalzini, Maria Angela Frustoli, Federica Giacometti, Silvia Piva, Andrea Serraino
- Subjects
Salmonella ,Seasoning ,Fermented sausagesItalian salamiSalmonellaChallenge testLinear regression model ,Food Handling ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,United States ,Meat Products ,Pascalization ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Italy ,Fermentation ,Food Microbiology ,Pressure ,medicine ,Food science ,Desiccation ,Challenge tests ,Food Science - Abstract
This study involved ten enterprises producing Italian salami, 20 different samples of fermented sausages underwent challenge tests to assess and record the following parameters: time, temperature, pH, aw, and Salmonella counts. A linear regression model was used to describe the Salmonella spp. decay: at the end of the process the result of total Salmonella reduction was 0.97–5.84 Log10 CFU/g and it was significantly associated with pH at the end of acidification/drying process, aw at the end of seasoning period, the duration of seasoning, and the caliber of salami respectively. High Pressure Processing (HPP) further reduced the Salmonella level by 2.41–5.84 Log10 CFU/g with an efficacy that resulted inversely associated with aw of salami at the end of seasoning; the objective of 5-Log reduction was always reached in all the cases tested by the production process plus HPP. This model could be a useful tool for enterprises and Authorities to evaluate the efficacy of the processes to reduce Salmonella load for exportation to the U.S.
- Published
- 2019
129. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction
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Inge P.G. van Bussel, Parastoo Fazelzadeh, Gary Frost, Lydia A. Afman, and Milena Rundle
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Flexibility (anatomy) ,Physiology ,Overweight ,Biochemistry ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Voeding, Metabolisme en Genomica ,0302 clinical medicine ,Voeding ,Gene expression ,Genetics ,medicine ,OGTT ,Humans ,mixed-meal test ,Molecular Biology ,whole-genome gene expression ,VLAG ,Nutrition ,Aged ,Caloric Restriction ,business.industry ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Middle Aged ,Postprandial Period ,Phenotype ,Metabolism and Genomics ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Metabolisme en Genomica ,Time course ,PBMCs ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Challenge tests ,Energy Metabolism ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biomarkers ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Metabolic challenge tests may be a valuable tool to magnify the effects of diet on health. The use of transcriptomics enables a more extensive characterization of the effects of diet. The question remains whether transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests will deliver more information on the effect of diet than a static fasting measurement. A dietary intervention known to improve health is energy restriction (ER). Seventy-two healthy, overweight men and women aged 50-65 were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a mixed-meal test (MMT) before and after 12 wk of a 20% ER diet or control diet. Whole-genome gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed before and after the intervention. This was done during fasting, during the OGTT at 30, 60, and 120 min, and during the MMT at 60, 120, 240, and 360 min. Upon ER, the OGTT resulted in a faster and more pronounced down-regulation in gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, and DNA replication compared with the control. The MMT showed less-consistent effects. The OGTT combined with transcriptomics can be used to measure dynamic cellular adaptation upon an intervention that cannot be determined with a static fasting measurement.-Van Bussel, I. P. G., Fazelzadeh, P., Frost, G. S., Rundle, M., Afman, L. A. Measuring phenotypic flexibility by transcriptome time-course analyses during challenge tests before and after energy restriction.
- Published
- 2019
130. Grass pea miso: Development of miso based on a portuguese legume - microbiota and preservation capacity
- Author
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Costa, Diogo Miguel Pereira da, Prista, Catarina, and Ferreira, Manuel
- Subjects
miso ,Fermented foods ,preservation capacity ,microbiota ,Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química [Domínio/Área Científica] ,food and beverages ,challenge tests ,grass pea - Abstract
Fermented foods are extremely popular nowadays mainly thanks to their health benefits and diversity. One example of a fermented food is miso, a fermented soybean paste very famous in Japan, also considered a functional food and used to make soups or as a seasoning for several dishes. In Japan, miso is made by traditional backslope methods. With the arrival of miso to West-ern countries, more standard, controlled, sustainable and safe processes are needed, starting by switching the soybean by Portuguese legumes (e.g. grass pea) and by developing starters. The aim of this project is to develop an innovative, tastier and safe grass pea miso, using a yeast starter culture and soybean miso as control. The characteristics and evolution of miso were evaluated, based on color and microbiota studies. Results obtained point to an important role of Aspergillus oryzae at the beginning of fer-mentation, and to the maintenance of the viability of yeasts (Candida versatilis) used as a starter along the whole process of miso’s maturation. Also, the obtained product presented good senso-rial characteristics being largely accepted by consumers. The self-preservation capacity of grass pea miso was also evaluated in order to ensure that the product is safe when stored at the consumer’s house and shop shelves. Using challenge tests at several temperatures (4ºC, 25ºC and 37ºC), it was observed a substantial reduction in the pathogenic microorganisms’ population, in most cases leading to its complete elimination. At the temperatures of 37ºC and 25ºC, all the microorganisms were eliminated (except for Bacillus cereus) after 2 days while at 4ºC it takes more than 30 days for them to be eliminated.
- Published
- 2018
131. P144 Why can specific challenges be negative in workers with good evidence of occupational asthma?
- Author
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PS Burge, GI Walters, Vicky Moore, and AS Robertson
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Technician ,Welding fume ,medicine.disease ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,Internal medicine ,Good evidence ,medicine ,Diagnostic program ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Challenge tests ,Reference standards ,Occupational asthma - Abstract
Background Specific challenge tests (SIC) are regarded as the reference standard in the diagnosis of occupational asthma. As part of an audit of specific inhalation testing 2006–2015 we have identified 12 workers whose SIC were negative but for which there was strong alternative evidence of occupational asthma. We have looked for causes for the discordance. Methods We performed SIC in 125/343 workers with possible occupational asthma with latency referred to us from 2006–2015. In 72 the SIC was negative, 12 of these had serial PEF evidence of occupational asthma with positive scores from the Oasys computer assisted diagnostic program both for the Area-Between Curves (ABC)>15 litres/min/hour and discriminant analysis (Oasys score)>2.5 (combined specificity 100%, sensitivity 60% with positive SIC as positive referent and non-exposed asthmatics as negative referent), and both scores becoming negative after relocation with the same employer. It is likely that at least these 12 had falsely negative SICs. We have investigated why the SICs may have been negative following a subjective review of all data. Results The mean ABC score was 30.3 l/min/hour (range 60.8–19.1) pre-relocation and −12.1 l/min/hour (range −48.6 -+9.9) post-relocation. The Oasys discriminant scores were 3.52 (4–2.67) pre-relocation and 1.73 (2.29–1.13) post-relocation. The cause was likely to be an agent not tested in SIC despite testing 4–8 agents each in 7 workers. Likely missed causes included a mouldy school building (figure 1), environmental welding fume, cleaning materials and a lack of protein source for chlorine-releasing agents. In 2 there was no exposure to the likely cause for >6 months, in 3 the control days were too unstable to identify late reactions, perhaps related to LABA withdrawal pre-challenge, and in 3 the work-exposures were likely to be much higher than used in the SIC (MDI, shrink-wrap and plastic moulding) (>1 reason possible). 9 were taking ICS during SIC which may have limited reactions. Conclusion Occupational asthma is still possible despite negative SIC. The figure shows the mean hourly PEF on days at home and days at work in a DT technician before (top) and after (bottom) relocating to new buildings with the same work exposures.
- Published
- 2018
132. Innovation in Food Challenge Tests for Food Allergy
- Author
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Amanda L. Cox and Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Food allergy ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Medical physics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Protocol (science) ,Modalities ,business.industry ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Allergens ,medicine.disease ,Clinical Practice ,Clinical research ,Threshold dose ,nervous system ,030228 respiratory system ,Food ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Quality of Life ,business ,Challenge tests ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Food Hypersensitivity - Abstract
This review incorporates findings from studies of oral food challenges (OFC) over the last decade and highlights the latest innovations and understanding of the procedure. PRACTALL guidelines are widely used in OFC research, but there is still no international consensus on the OFC protocol in clinical practice. Guidelines for performing OFC in clinical practice have been updated to include oral food challenges for infants. There have been advances in predictive models for outcomes and severity of reaction during OFC that take into account multiple clinical data as well as newer laboratory modalities. Low-dose OFC and eliciting threshold dose determination are being examined for additional diagnostic and therapeutic use in the management of food allergy. Quality-of-life considerations have also been reviewed, as well as post-OFC assessment and care. The OFC remains an important diagnostic tool in the management of food allergy and in clinical research. Advances in the field should improve safety and broaden the clinical applications of this essential procedure.
- Published
- 2018
133. Sterilization methods of liposomes: Drawbacks of conventional methods and perspectives
- Author
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Anna Lechanteur, Rasmané Semdé, Géraldine Piel, Brigitte Evrard, and Kouka Luc Delma
- Subjects
Alternative methods ,Liposome ,Computer science ,Sterilization ,Pharmaceutical Science ,02 engineering and technology ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Delivery Systems ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biopharmaceutical ,Targeted drug delivery ,Liposomes ,Parenteral route ,Aseptic processing ,Biochemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Challenge tests ,Filtration - Abstract
Liposomes are targeted drug delivery systems that are of great pharmaceutical and therapeutic interest. Parenteral route is the main way used for liposome administration. In this case, their sterility is a requirement. However, due to the particular sensitivity of liposomes and their tendency to physicochemical alterations, their sterilization remains a real challenge. Conventional sterilization methods such as heat, ethylene oxide, ultraviolet and gamma irradiations are considered as unsuitable for liposome sterilization and the recommended methods for obtaining sterility of liposomes are filtration and aseptic manufacturing. Unfortunately, these recommended methods are not without limitations. This review outlines the difficulties associated with the use of these different classical methods for obtaining liposome sterility. The effects on liposome physicochemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics as well as efficacy, toxicity and practical problems of these sterilization techniques have been discussed. The search for an alternative method being therefore necessary, the applicability of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) technology, which is nowadays a promising strategy for the sterilization of sensitive products such as liposomes, is also examined. It appears from this analysis that ScCO2 could effectively be an interesting alternative to achieve sterility of liposomes, but for this, sterilization assays including challenge tests and optimization studies are needed.
- Published
- 2021
134. Modeling the behavior of Listeria innocua in Italian salami during the production and high-pressure validation of processes for exportation to the U.S
- Author
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Federico Tomasello, Elena Dalzini, Andrea Serraino, Federica Giacometti, Giuseppe Merialdi, Elena Cosciani-Cunico, Roberta Taddei, Maria Silvia Grisenti, Paolo Bonilauri, Lia Bardasi, Silvia Piva, Paolo Daminelli, Maria Angela Frustoli, Mattia Ramini, Bonilauri P., Merialdi G., Ramini M., Bardasi L., Taddei R., Grisenti M.S., Daminelli P., Cosciani-Cunico E., Dalzini E., Frustoli M.A., Giacometti F., Tomasello F., Piva S., and Serraino A.
- Subjects
Seasoning ,Food Handling ,Listeria ,Swine ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Challenge test ,medicine.disease_cause ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Listeria monocytogenes ,Fermented sausage ,medicine ,Animals ,Food science ,Desiccation ,Listeria innocua ,biology ,Chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,United States ,Meat Products ,Italy ,Linear regression model ,High pressure ,Fermentation ,Food Microbiology ,Challenge tests ,Italian salami ,Food Science - Abstract
A model describing Listeria innocua evolution according to process parameters of 51 Italian salami processes and HPP in 31 companies was developed. A total of 51 challenge tests were performed. During processing a L. innocua reduction of 0.34–4.32 Log10 CFU/g was observed and HPP further reduced the count of 0.48–3.47 Log10 CFU/g; an overall reduction of 1.04–5.68 is reached. PH after acidification/drying process, aw after seasoning, duration of the seasoning and caliber resulted associated (p < 0.05) with L. innocua decrease. HPP efficacy was associated (p < 0.05) with aw and pH of the product: higher the pH and aw after the acidification/drying and seasoning phases, higher resulted the L. innocua reduction after HPP. No significant association was observed between L. innocua and salt, nitrate and starter content and other characteristics of process. The model meets companies and Authorities needs and represents a useful tool to predict L. monocytogenes lethality, giving recommendations to food business operators interested in exportation to the U.S.
- Published
- 2021
135. Determination of the growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in various types of Belgian artisanal cheeses by challenge tests
- Author
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Georges Daube, Marianne Sindic, Soundous El-Hajjaji, Amaury Gerard, Azeddine Bentaib, and Els Van Coillie
- Subjects
Food Safety ,Colony Count, Microbial ,Food Contamination ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Belgium ,Listeria monocytogenes ,Cheese ,medicine ,Humans ,Food science ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,030306 microbiology ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Food safety ,Food Storage ,Consumer Product Safety ,Food Microbiology ,Challenge tests ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
Cheese potentially allowing the growth of Listeria monocytogenes must be free of the pathogen in 25 g before being put on the market, while 100 cfu/g is tolerated when the pathogen is unable to grow. Challenge tests were performed in order to assess the growth potential of L. monocytogenes in at least one batch of 32 Belgian cheese varieties from 32 factories. All varieties were grouped in four categories: unripened acid-curd cheeses, mold-ripened soft cheeses, smear-ripened soft cheeses and ripened semi-hard cheeses. Associated microflora and cheese physicochemical characteristics were also studied. A cocktail of three strains was used to inoculate cheese on the first day of shelf-life, and samples were stored until the end of shelf-life at 7–9 °C. Growth potential was considered as the difference (a) between median contamination at the end and at the beginning of the test or (b) between the highest value at the end of the test and the lowest value at its beginning. L. monocytogenes always decreased in unripened acid-curd cheeses but showed extended growth in 21 out of 25 batches of ripened soft cheese. Contrasting results were obtained for semi-hard cheeses, as important intra- and inter-batch variability was observed. For the latter, the recommended method based on medians to calculate the growth potential led to erroneous food safety considerations, and it should always be advised to focus on absolute levels.
- Published
- 2020
136. Contribution of biofilm layer to virus removal in gravity-driven membrane systems with passive fouling control
- Author
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Amanda Tobias and Pierre R. Bérubé
- Subjects
Fouling ,Chemistry ,Biofilm ,Integrity testing ,Filtration and Separation ,02 engineering and technology ,Contamination ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Analytical Chemistry ,Virus removal ,Membrane ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical engineering ,Permeate flux ,0204 chemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,Challenge tests - Abstract
Passive gravity-driven membrane (PGM) filtration is a type of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration operated with passive physical fouling control measures that add limited to no complexity to the system (e.g. permeate flux interruptions, gravity-driven air scouring, system draining), allowing a greater permeate flux to be sustained. A key aspect of PGM/GDM systems is the development of a structurally loose and permeable biofilm layer on the membrane that enables a sustainable flux to be achieved and has also been associated with improved removal of humic acids, polysaccharides, proteins, assimilable organic carbon and microcystins. The present study investigated if the biofilm layer of PGM systems also contributes to virus removal, for both intact and breached PGM systems. Breach sizes considered ranged from 20 to 180 µm. Challenge tests (CTs) identified an increase of 2.0+ in the log removal value (LRV) for viruses in both intact and breached PGM systems when a biofilm layer was present, suggesting that the biofilm layer is capable of bridging the gap over integrity breaches, acting as a secondary barrier to contaminants that would otherwise bypass treatment by flowing through the breach. Pressure decay tests (PDTs), however, did not identify the same increase in LRVs as that of CTs, suggesting that the standard PDT approach cannot consider the contribution of the biofilm layer to the removal of small material such as viruses. An alternative integrity testing protocol for PGM systems was developed using a modified PDT approach that takes into account the additional removal provided by the biofilm layer. This alternative protocol is also simpler and requires less frequent testing, contributing to the simplification of overall operation of PGM systems in small/remote communities and decentralized applications.
- Published
- 2020
137. NK cells and lipoxin A 4 promote resolution of eosinophilic inflammation after nasal allergen challenge.
- Author
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Poirot A, Wacht G, Lehalle C, Saas P, Frossard N, Geny B, de Blay F, and Barnig C
- Subjects
- Allergens, Eosinophils, Humans, Inflammation, Killer Cells, Natural, Nasal Mucosa, Nasal Provocation Tests, Lipoxins
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
138. Optical rhinometry – new challenges and possibilities of rhinitis diagnostics and not only
- Author
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Edyta Krzych-Fałta and Bolesław Samoliński
- Subjects
Nasal cavity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,Mucous membrane of nose ,Rhinomanometry ,Nasal Mucosa ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,medicine ,Humans ,sense organs ,Nasal Cavity ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Challenge tests - Abstract
Optical rhinometry is the only diagnostic tool in rhinitis for assessing real-time changes in nasal occlusion. It illustrates lumen changes of nasal mucosa vessels in response nonspecific/specific factors and not only. The first attempts to standardize the method conducted by German researchers show the potential of optical rhinometry not only as regards challenge tests, but also vice versa, in respect of the anemization of the mucosa it evaluates the extent of the oedema which occurred in the pathomechanism of non-allergic rhinitis. The relatively small number of publications in the domain of interest demonstrates there is a need to conduct further research on the suitability of the above-mentioned technique for the evaluation of nasal patency in the field of rhinological diagnostics.
- Published
- 2016
139. A preliminary study of the effects of individual response to challenge tests and stress induced by humans on learning performance of weaned piglets (Sus scrofa)
- Author
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Jean-Paul Laforest, Sophie Brajon, Nicolas Devillers, and Océane Schmitt
- Subjects
Male ,Sus scrofa ,Individuality ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Discrimination, Psychological ,0302 clinical medicine ,Weaned piglets ,Animals ,Humans ,Learning ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Motor activity ,Discrimination learning ,Motivation ,05 social sciences ,Stress induced ,Fear ,General Medicine ,Domestic animal ,Exploratory Behavior ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Challenge tests ,Psychology ,Locomotion ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This study investigated whether individual behavioural characteristics of piglets and stress induced by experience with humans can influence learning performance. After weaning, piglets received a chronic experience with humans to modulate their emotional state: rough (ROU), gentle (GEN), or minimal (MIN) experience. Simultaneously, they were trained on a discrimination task. Afterward, their behaviour during challenge tests was assessed. The first learning step of the task involved associating a positive sound cue with a response (approach a trough) and success of piglets depended mostly on motivation to seek for reward. Although the experience with humans did not have direct effect, the degree of fear of handler, measured based on their reactivity to a human approach test, was related to motivation to seek rewards and learning speed of this first step in stressed ROU piglets, but not in MIN and GEN piglets. In contrast, the second learning step was more cognitively challenging, since it involved discrimination learning, including negative cues during which piglets had to learn to avoid the trough. Locomotion activity, measured during an open-field test, was associated with performance of the discrimination learning. To conclude, fearfulness towards humans and locomotion activity are linked with learning performance in relation to task complexity, highlighting the necessity to take into account these factors in animal research and management.
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- 2016
140. Short communication: Behavior of different Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes (O26:H11, O103:H2, O145:H28, O157:H7) during the manufacture, ripening, and storage of a white mold cheese
- Author
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Valérie Michel, Nadège Bel, P. Gay-Perret, D. Sergentet-Thevenot, Stéphane D. Miszczycha, Marie-Christine Montel, Université de Lyon (COMUE), Actalia, Unité Mixte de Recherche Fromagère (UMRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CNIEL (Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitiere, Paris, France)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Serotype ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,030106 microbiology ,challenge tests ,Biology ,Escherichia coli O157 ,Serogroup ,medicine.disease_cause ,Milking ,white mold soft cheese ,03 medical and health sciences ,fluids and secretions ,Cheese ,Mold ,Escherichia coli ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Food science ,Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli ,2. Zero hunger ,Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ,behavior ,Inoculation ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Fungi ,food and beverages ,Ripening ,Raw milk ,Shiga toxin producing ,030104 developmental biology ,Food Microbiology ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food Science - Abstract
International audience; Ruminants are healthy carriers of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia, coli (STEC). If good hygienic and agricultural practices at the farm level, especially during the milking process, are not adequately followed, milk and dairy products made with raw milk could become contaminated. Sporadic cases and rare food outbreaks have been linked with dairy products. Consequently, understanding STEC behavior in cheeses would help to evaluate risks for human health. The behavior of 4 different STEC strains belonging to the serotypes O26:H11, O103:H2, O145:H28, and O157:H7 were monitored during the manufacture, ripening, and storage of a white mold soft cheese. These strains, originating from dairy products, were inoculated individually in raw milk from cow at 102 cfu/mL. During the first 24 to 30 h of the manufacturing stage, the STEC level increased by 2 to 3 log(10) cfu/g. Over the course of the ripening stage, the concentration of the non-O157 STEC remained relatively constant, whereas a decrease of the E. coli, O157:H7 concentration was observed. During the storage stage, the level of the different non O157 STEC strains decreased slowly in the core and in the rind of cheeses. The non-O157 STEC level reached between 3.1 and 4.1 log(10) cfu/g at d 56. Interestingly, the concentration of the E. coli O157:H7 strain decreased dramatically: the strains remained detectable only after enrichment. During ripening and storage, STEC levels were generally higher in rinds than in cheese cores. In contrast to what was seen in cheese cores, the E. coli O157:H7 strain remained enumerable in rinds during these steps. These results highlight that STEC can grow during the manufacture and survive during the ripening and storage of a white mold soft cheese.
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- 2016
141. Passing a seawater challenge test is not indicative of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts performing as well at sea as their naturally produced conspecifics
- Author
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Bengt Finstad, E. Lund, Marius Berg, Arne Johan Jensen, B. O. Johnsen, Nils Arne Hvidsten, G. Bremset, and J. G. Jensås
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0106 biological sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Age at maturity ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Hatchery ,Fishery ,Seawater ,Salmo ,Challenge tests ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Despite satisfactory reactions to seawater challenge tests indicative of appropriate physiological state, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts stocked in the Eira River in Norway between 2001 and 2011 performed less well at sea in terms of growth, age at maturity and survival than smolts of natural origin. The mean rates of return to the river for hatchery-reared and naturally produced S. salar were 0·98 and 2·35%. In the Eira River, c. 50 000 hatchery-reared S. salar smolts of local origin were stocked annually to compensate for reduced natural smolt production following regulation for hydroelectric purposes, while a mean of 17 262 smolts were produced naturally in the river. This study demonstrates that, although captive S. salar perform well in seawater challenge tests, hatchery-reared smolts are not necessarily as adaptable to marine life as their naturally produced counterparts. These findings suggest that production of hatchery-reared smolts more similar to naturally produced individuals in morphology, physiology and behaviour will be necessary to improve success of hatchery releases. Where possible, supplementary or alternative measures, including habitat restoration, could be implemented to ensure the long-term viability of wild stocks.
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- 2016
142. Critical review on challenge tests to demonstrate decontamination of polyolefins intended for food contact applications
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Alexandre Feigenbaum, Catherine Joly, Patrice Dole, Stella Palkopoulou, and Constantine D. Papaspyrides
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Engineering ,Scope (project management) ,Food contact ,Operations research ,Waste management ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Thermal desorption ,02 engineering and technology ,Human decontamination ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Food safety ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Food packaging ,0210 nano-technology ,Challenge tests ,business ,Plastic packaging ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background As post-consumer recycled plastics may be contaminated with chemical substances, their use for food packaging may raise food safety issues. Recycling technologies should therefore efficiently remove contaminants of concern. Scope and approach Usually, the abundant data available for recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are extrapolated to polyolefins. This paper reviews the differences of basic properties and typical contaminants of polyolefins compared to PET. The use of thermal desorption process to remove polyolefin contaminants is discussed. Key findings and conclusions It is suggested in this review that this extrapolation is not scientifically justified, on the basis of the comparison between the intrinsic diffusion properties of contaminants of concern in PET and in polyolefins. It is concluded that the scope of contaminants of concern considered for the safety assessment of polyolefins recycling technologies based on thermal desorption should be carefully re-examined.
- Published
- 2016
143. Validation of stormwater biofilters using in-situ columns
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Ana Deletic, Kefeng Zhang, David Thomas McCarthy, Valentin Valognes, and Declan Page
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Engineering ,Environmental Engineering ,Rain ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Stormwater ,Full scale ,Simazine ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Waste Disposal, Fluid ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Flow capacity ,Environmental Chemistry ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Filtration ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,Stormwater harvesting ,Pollution ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry ,Biofilter ,business ,Challenge tests ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
Stormwater harvesting biofilters need to be validated if the treatment is to be relied upon. Currently, full-scale challenge tests (FCTs), performed in the field, are required for their validation. This is impractical for stormwater biofilters because of their size and flow capacity. Hence, for these natural treatment systems, new tools are required as alternatives to FCT. This study describes a novel in-situ method that consists of a thin stainless steel column which can be inserted into constructed biofilters in a non-destructive manner. The in-situ columns (ISCs) were tested using a controlled field-scale biofilter where FCT is possible. Fluorescein was initially used for testing through a series of continuous applications. The results from the ISC were compared to FCT conducted under similar operational conditions. Excellent agreement was obtained for the series of continuous fluorescein experiments, demonstrating that the ISC was able to reproduce FCT results even after extended drying periods (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient between the two data sets was 0.83-0.88), with similar plateaus, flush peaks, slopes and treatment capacities. The ISCs were then tested for three herbicides: atrazine, simazine and prometryn. While the ISC herbicide data and the FCT data typically matched well, some differences observed were linked to the different climatic conditions during the ISC (winter) and FCT tests (summer). The work showed that ISC is a promising tool to study the field performance of biofilters and could be a potential alternative to full scale challenge tests for validation of stormwater biofilters when taking into account the same inherent boundary conditions.
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- 2016
144. Growth capacity of Listeria monocytogenes in ingredients of ready-to-eat salads
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K.A. Maslowska-Corker, R.F.A. Lokerse, T. Wijtzes, and L.C. van de Wardt
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0301 basic medicine ,Flora ,Melon ,030106 microbiology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,food and beverages ,Ready to eat ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,Product characteristics ,medicine.disease_cause ,040401 food science ,White cabbage ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ingredient ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Listeria monocytogenes ,medicine ,Food science ,Challenge tests ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Raw minimally processed vegetables and fruits as well as boiled pasta and potato are the main ingredients of ready-to-eat (RTE) salads. These ingredients are diverse in their ability to support growth of Listeria monocytogenes . The objective of this study was to determine to what extent different ingredients can contribute to growth of L. monocytogenes in RTE salads. This was done by assessing the growth capacity of L. monocytogenes in ingredients of RTE salads by means of challenge tests and determination of the effect of product characteristics and presence of competitive flora. The majority of the tested products did not support or hardly supported growth of L. monocytogenes . The calculated maximum increase of 3.4 log CFU/g was exceeded in Galia melon, potato and pasta products. In RTE dinner salads, growth of L. monocytogenes was supported by the carbohydrate component. Galia melon, which is often used as ingredient of fruit salads, can contribute to growth of L. monocytogenes in these products. Growth inhibition, or differences in relative increase, could not always be explained by a w , pH or presence of competitive flora. The effect of competitive flora, especially lactic acid bacteria, on growth inhibition was observed in non-pasteurized potato, white cabbage and mango.
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- 2016
145. Oral challenge tests for soybean allergies in Japan: A summary of 142 cases
- Author
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Motohiro Ebisawa, Akinori Shukuya, Tomohiro Utsunomiya, Takatsugu Komata, Sakura Sato, Miki Sato, Morimitsu Tomikawa, and Takanori Imai
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Administration, Oral ,Immunoglobulin E ,Sensitization ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Respiratory system ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Skin Tests ,biology ,business.industry ,Allergic reaction ,Infant ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Food challenge test ,Allergens ,medicine.disease ,Titer ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Epinephrine ,030228 respiratory system ,Child, Preschool ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Female ,Immunization ,IgE ,Soybeans ,business ,Challenge tests ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,Food Hypersensitivity ,Anaphylaxis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Soybeans are one of causative foods for infantile onset allergies in Japan. This study aimed to analyze the results of soybean challenge tests that were conducted over approximately 7 years at our institution. Using the test data, we sought to identify the responses and clinical profiles of patients with soybean allergies, and to investigate the relationship between the responses and soybean sensitization status. Methods Between July 2004 and May 2010, 142 cases (125 patients) underwent food challenge tests (100 g of silken tofu) for the diagnosis of soybean allergy or confirmation of their tolerance. The patients' characteristics, soybean sensitization status, and responses to the challenge tests were retrospectively evaluated. Results Among the subjects who underwent the soybean challenge test, the male/female ratio was 1.6 (87/55), and the mean age at the test was 2.8 ± 1.7 years. The positive rate for the challenge test was 38.7%. Induced symptoms were observed in the skin (81.8%), respiratory system (50.9%), and gastrointestinal system/mucosal membrane/anaphylaxis (12.7%). Intramuscular epinephrine was administered to all 7 patients who experienced an anaphylactic reaction. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic efficiency of soybean-specific IgE titers were low for predicting the responses to the challenge test. Conclusions Soybean allergies were diagnosed in only 18% of the subjects with positive sensitization to soybeans. Therefore, soybean-specific IgE titers are not an effective predictor of a positive response to the challenge test.
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- 2016
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146. Foodborne pathogen survival in commercial Aloreña de Málaga table olive packaging
- Author
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European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Romero-Gil, Verónica, Medina Pradas, Eduardo, Garrido Fernández, A., Arroyo López, Francisco Noé, European Commission, Junta de Andalucía, Romero-Gil, Verónica, Medina Pradas, Eduardo, Garrido Fernández, A., and Arroyo López, Francisco Noé
- Abstract
This study presents an approach to determine the survival of diverse foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica) in three Aloreña de Málaga table olive commercial presentations (fresh green, traditional, and cured olives). The microbial survival in this green natural table olive speciality was fit using a log-linear regression model implemented in GInaFIT. The contents of sugars, phenolic compounds, additives, salt, pH, and levels of autochthonous microorganisms differed among presentations and affected the survival of microorganisms. The inoculated initial populations of pathogens (7-8 log CFU/mL brine) decreased rapidly and, 48 h after inoculation, their counts were always below the detection limit (<1.3 log CFU/mL), except for S. aureus in the fresh green presentation which was ~ 5.0 log CFU/mL. The highest maximum death rates (k) and lowest periods for 4 log reductions (4Dr) were observed in cured olives but decreased and increased, respectively, from the traditional to the fresh green presentations. L. monocytogenes and S. aureus were the most resistant species. The multivariate analysis showed that high concentrations of compounds released from the olives (sugars and phenols) were positively associated to 4Dr and negatively to k. Conversely, the presence of preservatives reduced 4Dr. This study, executed in commercial products, pointed out that packaged table olives are adverse habitats for foodborne pathogens with their effects being presentation dependent. The survival of S. aureus was particularly long in green fresh Aloreña de Málaga table olives packaged without preservatives; therefore, its changes in this presentation still requires further in-deep research.
- Published
- 2018
147. Genetic (co)variation in resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in challenge tests
- Author
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Bruno Gómez-Gil Rodríguez Sala, Gabriel R. Campos-Montes, Leobardo Montoya-Rodríguez, Héctor Castillo-Juárez, Hugo H. Montaldo, Juan C. Quintana-Casares, Alejandra Caballero-Zamora, Sonia A. Soto Rodríguez, and Alfonso Martínez Ortega
- Subjects
Necrosis ,biology ,White spot syndrome ,Litopenaeus ,Disease ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Virus ,Shrimp ,White (mutation) ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Challenge tests - Published
- 2020
148. Shelf life and growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in steak tartare
- Author
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Cristian Bernardi, Erica Tirloni, and Simone Stella
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0106 biological sciences ,Chemistry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Shelf life ,medicine.disease_cause ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Total volatile ,Listeria monocytogenes ,010608 biotechnology ,medicine ,Food science ,Gradual increase ,Challenge tests ,Food Science - Abstract
The evaluation of the microbiological shelf-life under refrigeration conditions of steak tartare showed Total Viable Counts (excluding LAB) around 4 Log CFU/g at the beginning of the study, with a gradual increase reaching 7 Log CFU/g after 12 days. LAB represented the main microflora. A significant acidification was detected at the end of the shelf life. Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen concentration changed slightly during the shelf life. After an initial increase (until T5), all the colour indices were stable. The growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes was also evaluated in accordance with EURL Lm guidelines by conducting challenge tests. The growth potential calculated during the challenge test performed on three different batches indicated the absence of a significant growth (δ
- Published
- 2020
149. Recent updates of iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity
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Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Iodinated contrast media ,Clinical Practice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Allergic response ,medicine ,Premedication ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Challenge tests ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Anaphylaxis ,Asthma - Abstract
Previously, immediate reactions to ionic high-osmolar iodinated contrast media (ICM) were regarded as nonimmunological. How ever, despite the use of lower-osmolar ICM, ICM hypersensitivity still occurs in some patients and recent studies suggest that there would be a true allergic response, especially in more severe form. Currently, it is important to identify the sensitized ICM and avoid the agent; however, the usefulness of skin tests and challenge tests has not yet been established, since there are few large-scale studies on them. Although, skin test-negative ICM can be safely used in clinical practice, conflicting results have been reported through various studies, depending on the challenge protocols used. Therefore, standard protocols need to provided. Even if a cul prit agent is not proven by skin tests, its use should be avoided. Reuse of contrast media increases the risk of occurrence of hyper sensitivity reactions. For patients with previous hypersensitivity reactions to contrast media, premedication can help prevent recur rence, but breakthrough in hypersensitivity is not fully achieved by premedication, especially when the previous reaction was a se vere form such as anaphylaxis. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an optimal strategy to choose alternative ICM and premedica tion protocols to prevent recurrence of hypersensitivity reactions to nonionic contrast media. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2020;8:107-113)
- Published
- 2020
150. Anaphylaxis to honey
- Author
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전윤홍 ( Yoon Hong Chun ), 양은애 ( Eun Ae Yang ), 김환수 ( Hwan Soo Kim ), 이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ), 김단비 ( Danbi Kim ), 김경훈 ( Kyunghoon Kim ), and 김지혜 ( Ji Hye Kim )
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,animal structures ,Allergic reaction ,Angioedema ,business.industry ,fungi ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Challenge tests ,business ,Anaphylaxis ,Asthma - Abstract
Honey is a food ingested worldwide. Allergic reaction to honey is rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A 20-month-old boy developed angioedema 30 minutes after eating rice cake containing honey. After 2 weeks, we performed food challenge tests with honey which resulted in anaphylaxis. This is the first case report on anaphylaxis to honey in Korea. (Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2020;8:147-149)
- Published
- 2020
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