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The Tension Leg Semisubmersible (TLS) floater is the second generation of the Free-Hanging Solid Ballast Semisubmersible (FHSB Semi) design. The FHSB Semi is the state-of-the-art design that maintains the advantages of the conventional Semisubmersibles and provides the motions of Spars. The FHSB Semi design is a conventional semisubmersible with an added feature of a Free-Hanging Solid Ballast tank (SBT) located deep below the hull keel level and connected through four groups of chains (on its four corners) to the semisubmersible hull. During the pre-service conditions, the chains are used to retract the SBT and maintain it at a close proximity to the hull keel to facilitate the transportation and installation operations. Once the semisubmersible is moored in-place, the chain system is operated to lower the SBT to its desired elevation below the hull keel and maintain it permanently connected to the semisubmersible hull during the in-service condition. The SBT provides substantial in-water weight and added mass that significantly reduce the platform response and maintains the chains in tension. In this paper, detailed description of the Tension Leg Semisubmersible (TLS) design as the second generation of the FHSB Semi is presented. The paper also includes discussions on the proposed project execution plan for the TLS covering the fabrication, transportation and installation as well as the added risks and risk mitigations associated with the new semisubmersible design and execution. A case study is introduced where a TLS is used as a dry tree host for a field located at 6,000 ft of water in the central Gulf of Mexico (GoM) harsh environment.

This paper analyzes the effects of tourist nationality sources on international tourist hotels’ (ITHs) cost efficiency in Taiwan and the factors affecting a tourist’s choice of a hotel. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach is used to compute cost efficiency scores of 61 ITHs in Taiwan during 1998-2007. The number of Asian, North American, Japanese, and local tourists has significantly positive effects on cost efficiency, but the number of overseas Chinese has a negative effect on cost efficiency. The number of tourists of other nationalities has no influence on cost efficiency. Generally, most tourists in Taiwan prefer a larger, older, and closer-to-airport hotel. This study also finds that the chain system, the number of scenic spots surrounding hotels, and the ratio of individual tourists all significantly improve the cost efficiency of ITHs in Taiwan.

Nitrenes generated by thermolysis of alky 1 azides were found to add to C60 in chlorobenzene solvent. The product was isolated by means of silica gel chromatography and identified by field desorption mass spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

Experimental bulk susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)$ and magnetization $M(H,T)$ of the $S=1$ Haldane chain system doped with nonmagnetic impurities, ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{BaNi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Zn}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ $(xl~0.08),$ are analyzed. A numerical calculation for the low-energy spectrum of noninteracting open segments describes well experimental data above 4 K. Below 4 K, we observe power-law behaviors $\ensuremath{\chi}(T)\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ and $M(H,T)\ensuremath{\sim}{T}^{1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}{f}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}(H/T),$ with $\ensuremath{\alpha}(l1)$ depending on the doping concentration x. This observation suggests the appearance of a gapless quantum phase due to a broad distribution of effective couplings between the dilution-induced moments.

Electrospray ionization mass spectral analysis of simple dicationic imidazolium prototypes (M.2X) is reported and direct observation was obtained for proton-mediated ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase. The comparative ESI-MS study with heterophanes 1a.2Cl and 3.2Br, the open chain system 5.2Br, and their regiospecific deuterated counterparts 2a.2Cl, 4.2Br and 6.2Br showed that the nature of the frameworks containing two imidazolium subunits modulates their electrospray ionization, changing the stability of the common characteristic peaks: the carbene specie [M - H](+) or [M - D](+) as well as [M](2+) and [M. X](+).Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A model forced with meteorological and run-off data and anthropogenic radioactivity input, was developed to simulate the transport of radionuclides in the chain system of the Mediterranean seas. It incorporates submodels of the Black Sea, Azov Sea, Marmara Sea, Western and Eastern Mediterranean. One-and-a-half-dimensional multi-layer lagrangian models were used to describe horizontally averaged fields of temperature, salinity and tracer concentration in the seas proper. Simple models of hydraulically controlled straits were applied to the Bosphorus, Dardanelles, Sicily and Gibraltar. An empirical relation was used for the shallow Kerch Strait. The model was forced with time series of wind, temperature and freshwater influx. It was used to reconstruct and predict, for the time period 1960–2010, the 137Cs contamination resulting from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and the Chernobyl accident. The model predictions for water, salinity and 137Cs budget are in reasonable agreement with the available data. The peculiarities of Black Sea exchange processes were analysed and compared with other Mediterranean seas.

The title compound, Cu(TIM)CuBr4 (where TIM is a macrocycle ligand) is a member of the Cu(TIM)MX4 family, which contains linear chain structures with ⋯ Cu ⋯ X – M – X ⋯ Cu ⋯ X – M - ⋯ linkages. This chain structure defines an alternating exchange/alternating site 1d system. For M=Cu, alternating FM/AFM chains are formed with JFM>| JAFM|. Structural and magnetic data are presented, along with an analysis of the exchange pathways.

The present understanding of the electronic and magnetic properties of $\alpha'$-NaV$_2$O$_5$ is based on the hypothesis of strong charge disproportionation into V$^{4+}$ and V$^{5+}$, which is assumed to lead to a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain system. A recent structure analysis shows, however, that the V-ions are in a mixed valence state and indistiguishable. We propose an explanation for the insulating state, which is not based on charge modulation, and show that strong correlations together with the Heitler-London character of the relevant intermediate states naturally lead to antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains. The interchain coupling is weak and frustrated, and its effect on the uniform susceptibility is found to be small.

Analyzes, by means of Porter’s Value Chain system, a possible strategy to address the problems of shared parental obligations by men and women, and in particular the supervision of children below school age and “latchkey” children. Also addresses the difficulty of employer retention of valuable working women. The business in this case consists of the schools, and the strategic business unit under study is identified as school‐age children with full‐time working parents. Suggests an extension of school hours as a solution.

The initial aim of this paper was to present scholarly circles with a detailed report about the insufficiently known Early Byzantine steelyard beam (Figs. 2-5; Pl. I/1) treasured in Belgrade City Museum (further in the text BCM) together with a small counterweight (Fig. 6; Pl. I/2) which, judging by its dimensions and weight, does not belong to it. However, after inspecting the documentation of BCM and the National Museum in Belgrade (further in the text NMB), the supposition that the steelyard beam from BCM represents a part of the same hoard with the well known counterweight (Fig. 7) in the form of a bust of a Byzantine empress, and the unpublished chain system with hooks for hanging loads (Fig. 8; Pl. IV), which are kept in NMB, was confirmed. The detailed examination of the museum inventory records shed light on the set of circumstances which led to the separation of the parts of the Belgrade steelyard. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177007: Romanizacija, urbanizacija i transformacija urbanih centara civilnog,vojnog i rezidencijalnog karaktera u rimskim provincijama na tlu Srbije]

Charge ordering of Yb ions in the quantum spin chain system Yb4As3 has been investigated by 171Yb NMR. Clear evidence for the existence of 4f holes on Yb2+ sites has been obtained from the non-monotonic T-dependence of the resonance shift K(T).

We present an analysis of a system of weakly coupled Hubbard chains based on combining an exact study of spectral functions of the uncoupled chain system by means of the pseudofermion dynamical theory with a renormalization group method for the coupled chains. Our theoretical predictions are consistent with the phase diagram observed in the ( TMTTF ) 2 X and ( TMTSF ) 2 X series of organic compounds.

Comparing high-resolution specific heat and thermal expansion measurements to exact finite-size diagonalization, we demonstrate that ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{CoCl}}_{4}$ for a magnetic field along the crystallographic $b$ axis realizes the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $XXZ$ chain in a transverse field. Exploiting both thermal as well as virtual excitations of higher crystal-field states, we find that the spin chain is in the $XY$ limit with an anisotropy ${J}_{z}/{J}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\approx}0.12$, substantially smaller than previously believed. A spin-flop Ising quantum phase transition occurs at a critical field of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}{H}_{b}^{\mathrm{cr}}\ensuremath{\approx}2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$ before around 3.5 T the description in terms of an effective spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain becomes inapplicable.

We present data on the copper isotope effect αCu = − ln Tc/Δ ln mCu for oxygen depleted YBa2Cu3O7−δ as function of δ. αCu is negative for all δ. In the 60 K plateau, αCu reaches values of −0.14 or −0.34 for two comparison pairs. Outside the 60 K plateau, αCu increases in absolute value. Similarities with results on dTc/dP in this system suggest that αCu is related to mass-dependent ordering in the chain system.

In this study, adoption rates of modern wheat varieties in India have been estimated using expert elicitation methodology. The study has found that the wheat varietal output has increased during the period 2010–2015. The most widely cultivated wheat varieties in the study states are HD 2967, PBW 343, PBW 550, Lok 1 and PBW 502. The temporal and spatial diversity indices have been calculated based on the perceived adoption rates. Wheat varietal turnover has been highest in Punjab (7.50 years) and lowest in Rajasthan (19.25 years). The Berger Parker index has shown that relative abundance of varieties was lowest in Punjab (1.76) and highest in Madhya Pradesh (7.10). The concentration of wheat area under dominant varieties was highest in Punjab and lowest in Rajasthan as indicated by the Marglef index. The cultivation of older varieties and dominance of a few varieties deprive the farmers of the advantages of productivity gains, genetic improvement, in addition to increasing crop vulnerability to pests and diseases. The study has concluded that besides varietal development, it is also important to focus on reducing the socioeconomic and institutional barriers to adoption of improved crop varieties. In this direction, it is important to create an enabling institutional environment for increasing the rate of varietal replacement, promote spatial heterogeneity in crop varieties cultivated, identify and effectively bring the potential varieties under the seed chain system and enhance the outreach of improved wheat varieties with an inclusive approach to reach even the resource-poor farmers.

In this study a family of local quantities defined on each partition and its averaging on a macroscopic small region, site, are defined on a multibaker chain system. On its averaged quantities, a law of order estimation (LOE) in the bulk system is proved, making it possible to estimate the order of the quantities with respect to the representative partition scale parameter $\Delta$. Moreover, the form of the leading-order terms of the averaged quantities is obtained, and the form enables us to have the macroscopic quantity in the continuum limit, as $\Delta\rightarrow0$, and to confirm its partitioning independency. These deliverables fully explain the numerical results obtained by Ishida, consistent with the irreversible thermodynamics., Comment: 24 pages

The Paper will present a new approach to use simulation methods combined with intelligent optimization algorithms in an operative scheduling and monitoring application for powder coating lines. Powder Coating lines are built usually as a closed loop “power and free” chain system that transports the products on carriers from a starting point through the different production stages. Due to the closed loop, efficiency and the overall output of the system is highly dependent on the sequence of the production orders entering the line. Inefficient sequences can cause deadlocks, significant decrease of the production output or even scrap production. The presented application architecture is based on a 3D simulation platform working together with a closed loop heuristic sequence scheduling algorithm. The paper will also introduce the system architecture design with full integration to an enterprise IT structure comprising ERP, real time PLC communication and a Warehouse Management System.

We present some necessary and sufficient conditions for a perfect reconstruction (PR) modified multidimensional (MD) delay chain system. With these results, one is able to systematically check if a D-dimensional delay chain system with a D/spl times/D sampling matrix M and a D/spl times/D delay matrix L has a PR property in a simpler way than before, where the matrix module operations are avoided. Moreover, given a D/spl times/D sampling matrix M, in many cases one can determine all possible D/spl times/D delay matrices L so that the delay chain systems with the sampling matrix M have a PR property. Several examples are provided. We also present a method to generate D/spl times/D sampling and delay matrices M and L such that their corresponding traditional MD delay chain systems are PR. >

The structure of a two-dimensional film formed by adsorbed polymer chains was studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The polymer chains were represented by linear sequences of lattice beads and positions of these beads were restricted to vertices of a two-dimensional square lattice. Two different Monte Carlo methods were employed to determine the properties of the model system. The first was the random sequential adsorption (RSA) and the second one was based on Monte Carlo simulations with a Verdier-Stockmayer sampling algorithm. The methodology concerning the determination of the percolation thresholds for an infinite chain system was discussed. The influence of the chain length on both thresholds was presented and discussed. It was shown that the RSA method gave considerably lower thresholds for longer chains. This behavior can be explained by a different pool of chain conformations used in the calculations in both methods under consideration.

The magnetic susceptibility and magnetization of high-quality single-crystal beta-TeVO4 are reported. We show that this compound, made of weakly coupled infinite chains of VO5 pyramids sharing corners, behaves as an S = 1/2 one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet. From magnetic experiments, we deduce the intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling constant, J/k(B) = 21.4 +/- 0.2 K. Below 5 K, a series of three phase transitions at 2.26, 3.28, and 4.65 K is observed.

The paper described the connotation and characteristics of the value chain of vegetable industry. Upon such a basis, the author deeply explored the problems and shortages in the present value chain system of China's vegetable industry. Finally, the paper suggested a set of approaches to optimize the value chain system of the vegetable industry.

Metal chain dioximes having uninterrupted metal chain systems were prepared and oxidized with halogens. Resistivities were found to be lowered because of oxidation. Two new complexes, phenathra-quinone-dioxime and ClS2 substituted Ni(Hdmg)2 [Ni(dad)2], were also prepared. A.c. resistivities were also measured.

We present first-principles all-electron local-density-approximation (LDA) electronic-structure calculations of the neutral halogen-bridged transition-metal linear-chain compound (MX chain system) Pt 2 Br 6 (NH 3 ) 4 ; the results agree well with the experimental lattice dimerization, band gap, and the Raman breathing mode.

This paper contributes to the discussion of institutional trust in the knowledge chain management. We elaborate four forms of diffusion mechanism of institutional trust in knowledge chain system, namely, internal regulation based mechanism, internal belief based mechanism, external regulation based mechanism and external belief based mechanism. The conclusion of institutional trust as a resource of competitive advantage is achieved in the end.

We follow the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism to study time-dependent thermal transport in a linear chain system consisting of two semi-infinite leads connected together by a coupling that is harmonically modulated in time. The modulation is driven by an external agent that can absorb and emit energy. We determine the energy current flowing out of the leads exactly by solving numerically the Dyson equation for the contour-ordered Green's function. The amplitude of the modulated coupling is of the same order as the interparticle coupling within each lead. When the leads have the same temperature, our numerical results show that modulating the coupling between the leads may direct energy to either flow into the leads simultaneously or flow out of the leads simultaneously, depending on the values of the driving frequency and temperature. A special combination of values of the driving frequency and temperature exists wherein no net energy flows into or out of the leads, even for long times. When one of the leads is warmer than the other, net energy flows out of the warmer lead. For the cooler lead, however, the direction of the energy current flow depends on the values of the driving frequency and temperature. In addition, we find transient effects to become more pronounced for higher values of the driving frequency., Comment: 10 pages; version 2 accepted for publication in PRE

We report a study of the low-temperature thermal conductivity of NiCl2-4SC(NH2)_{2}, which is a spin-1 chain system exhibiting the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a magnetic field. It is found that the low-T thermal conductivity along the spin-chain direction shows strong anomalies at the lower and upper critical fields of the magnon BEC state. In this state, magnons act mainly as phonon scatterers at relatively high temperature, but change their role to heat carriers upon temperature approaching zero. The result demonstrates a large thermal conductivity in the magnon BEC state and points to a direct analog between the magnon BEC and the conventional one.

In order to improve the final rate of output, and guarantee, there is a suitable growth metabolite environment for beer fermentation process. Chain-control-system is introduced. Two factors are found out which are fermentation temperature and PH, then the chain-control-system models are built which include temperature chain and PH chain, and these chains influence each other. The chain estimating arithmetic and control system of environmental parameter for beer fermentation process are designed. Emulation results show that the chain systematic model of environmental parameter for beer fermentation process is great stability and strong anti-interference ability.

Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of NiCl2-4SC(NH2)_{2} reveal the low-energy spin dispersion, including a magnetic-field interval in which the two-magnon continuum is within k_{B}T of the ground state, allowing a continuum of excitations over a range of k states, rather than only the k=0 single-magnon excitations. This produces a novel Y shape in the frequency-field EPR spectrum measured at T > or = 1.5 K. Since the interchain coupling J_{ perpendicular}<

The electronic and magnetic properties of ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ were investigated by means of susceptibility, specific heat and $^{31}\mathrm{P}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements and by local density approximation (LDA) band structure calculations. The temperature dependence of the NMR shift $K(T)$ is well described by the $S=\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain (HAF) model with nearest neighbor exchange ${J}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}(141\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The corresponding mapping of an LDA-derived tight-binding model leads to ${J}_{1}^{\mathit{LDA}}\ensuremath{\simeq}196\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The spin lattice relaxation rate $1/{T}_{1}$ decreases with temperature below $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ but becomes nearly temperature independent between 30 and $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, as theoretically expected for an $S=\frac{1}{2}$ HAF chain. None of the investigated properties give any evidence for long range magnetic order above $2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is in agreement with the results of the band structure calculation, which yield extremely weak exchange to the next nearest neighbor and a very small and frustrated interchain exchange. Thus, ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ seems to be a better realization of a nearest neighbor $S=\frac{1}{2}$ HAF chain than the compounds reported so far.

Discrete systems with long-range interactions are considered. Continuous medium models as continuous limit of discrete chain system are defined. Long-range interactions of chain elements that give the fractional equations for the medium model are discussed. The chain equations of motion with long-range interaction are mapped into the continuum equation with the Riesz fractional derivative. We formulate the consistent definition of continuous limit for the systems with long-range interactions. In this paper, we consider a wide class of long-range interactions that give fractional medium equations in the continuous limit. The power-law interaction is a special case of this class., 23 pages, LaTeX

The magnetic dynamic structure factor of the one-dimensional $S=1∕2$ chain system $\mathrm{Ba}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{({\mathrm{Si}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.5})}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ is studied in a wide range of energy transfers and temperatures. Contrary to previous erroneous reports [T. Masuda et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 077206 (2004)], the scaling properties observed in the range $0.5--25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ are found to be fully consistent with expectations for a Luttinger spin liquid. At higher energies, a breakdown of scaling laws is observed and attributed to lattice effects. The results are complementary to those found in literature for other $S=1∕2$ chain compounds, such as $\mathrm{K}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ and Cu benzoate.

A new coupled pendulum chain system is developed to vividly simulate the solitary solutions of the sine-Gordon (SG) equation. Transmission processes of three kinds of solitons (kink, anti-kink and breather) are systematically observed by using a high speed camera system. The solutions of the SG equation are derived through deducing the net external torque of the pendulums. The experimental data obtained are consistent with the theoretical calculation, which verifies that the system designed is an effective device to demonstrate the nonlinear behaviour of solitary waves in teaching and learning.

Pengusahaan kakao Indonesia didominasi oleh petani kecil yang belum terorganisasi dengan baik sehingga sering menjadi pihak yangtermarjinalkan dalam sistem agribisnis kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran organisasi petani dalam upayamengoptimalkan kinerja rantai pasok kakao dan pembentukan nilai tambah yang terjadi dalam setiap rantai tata niaga kakao. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara pada bulan Februari sampai Oktober 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah dataprimer dan sekunder dengan melakukan wawancara kepada petani/kelompok tani/gabungan kelompok tani, pedagang daneksportir/industri. Data dan informasi dianalisis dengan pendekatan rantai pasok dan nilai tambah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kondisi organisasi petani di Kabupaten Kolaka masih sangat beragam dan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 model sesuai denganaktivitas dan perannya dalam rantai pasok dan pembentukan nilai tambah biji kakao. Organisasi petani yang dimotori oleh gapoktanModel A mampu memberikan pangsa petani yang lebih besar dibandingkan model lainnya, yaitu sebesar 99,43% untuk biji kakaofermentasi dan 96,92% untuk biji kakao non fermentasi. Demikian juga nilai tambah bagi petani yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp509,00/kguntuk biji kakao fermentasi dan Rp1.019,00/kg untuk biji kakao non fermentasi. Oleh karena itu, organisasi petani perlu diarahkanuntuk mengefisienkan sistem distribusi dan pemasaran biji kakao sehingga tercipta sistem rantai pasok yang berkinerja baik danmampu memberikan nilai tambah bagi petani.Kata kunci: Kakao, pangsa petani, gapoktan, kelembagaanCultivation of cocoa in Indonesia is dominated by small farmers who have not been well organized, so they usually marginalized in the cocoaagribusiness systems. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer organizations in an effort to optimize the performance of the cocoa supply chainand value addition in cocoa value chain system. The research was conducted in Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi from February to October 2012. Thecollected data is primary and secondary data by conducting in-depth interviews to farmers/farmer groups, traders and exporters/industry. All of thedata and information were analyzed by supply chain approach and added value. The results showed that the condition of farmers' organizations inKolaka very diverse and can be grouped into four models according to the activity and its role in the supply chain and value addition of cocoa beans.Farmer organizations led by Model A was able to give farmers a better share than others, i.e. 99.43% for fermented cocoa bean and 96.92% forunfermented. Similarly, added value for farmers were IDR509.00/kg for fermented cocoa beans and IDR1,019.00/kg for unfermented. Therefore,farmers' organizations need to be directed to be more efficient on cocoa beans distribution and marketing that create a well performance of supplychain system and provide added value to the farmer.

A Comment on the Letter by Zoran S. Popovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Zeljko V. \ifmmode \check{S}\else \v{S}\fi{}lijivan\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}anin, and Filip R. Vukajlovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 036401 (2004).. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.

The reaction of [Ni(cyclam)](PF6)2 with K2CrO4 in water gave a chromato-bridged one-dimensional complex, catena-(μ-CrO4-O,O‘)[Ni(cyclam)]. In the complex, an intrachain ferromagnetic interaction is operative through the chromate bridges. The magnetic interaction was discussed in terms of the orbital topology of the frontier orbitals.

An IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) based inexpensive serial wireless network can be used to establish a robust and secure communication between the locomotive driver and the traveling public on the Indian railway system. This will help create a reliable emergency communication tool to supplement the problematic pneumatic alarm chain system in use currently.

This paper conducts the tooth contact analysis (TCA) of round pin jointed silent chains. The relative motion between the sprocket and a link plate, from the tight span stage to the seated stage, is investigated. The TCA techniques for gearing systems are employed in the analysis of silent chains. In addition to geometric constraints between the sprocket and the silent chain, force constraints are also considered when deriving the TCA equations. Four intermediate stages of relative motion between a link plate and the sprocket are found: the roll-slide contact, stationary contact, tight span, and suspended stages. In addition, the chordal action of a silent chain system can also be identified by the TCA. This paper provides a systematic approach to conducting the TCA of round pin jointed silent chains. The TCA results will in turn help to evaluate the kinematic performance and to improve the design of a silent chain system.Copyright © 2005 by ASME

The first semiconductor device of China was invented in Shanghai by Fudan University. The China made chips had been equipped national missiles in 1960s. However, The progress of technology was interrupted in the period of "cultural revolution". Since 1980s, the semiconductor industry has recovered and developed extremely fast due to many reasons. The progress of industrialization has been accelerated in late 1990s to early 2000s. The annual growth rate of general output of IC industry of China has reached more than 30% in last six years. We expect that the growth rate will be kept at same or higher level in next decade. Shanghai is the leading region and representative of IC industry of China. The output of IC industry in Shanghai took 51% of that of China in recent years. An IC industry chain system with design, production, encapsulation, test and other functions has been established. Among many enterprises, Huahong NEC, Zhongxin, Hongli and others own 6 four to six-inch chip production lines and 11 eight-inch IC production lines. Huahong Design, Shengsheng Shanghai, Jiaodahanxin, Fudan Micro-Electronics and some other enterprises are strong in IC design. Intel and many other world famous enterprises have set their foot in Shanghai too.

Localization property in disordered two‐chain system with long‐range correlation is numerically investigated. We apply the chain system with correlated disorder in the interchain hopping for a simple model of the double strand DNA. Numerical result for the Lyapunov exponent (inverse localization length) of the wave function is given. It is found that the correlation effect enhances the localization length.

Submillimeter and millimeter wave ESR measurements of the one-dimensional CuO/sub 2/ chain system, Ca/sub 2/Y/sub 2/Cu/sub 5/O/sub 10/, have been performed using a pulsed magnetic field up to 16 T. The g-shift is observed between T/sub N/=30 K and 50 K. The frequency-field diagram observed at 1.8 K shows AFMR modes of the easy axis type, The magnetic properties of the AF (antiferromagnetic) state are discussed.

We investigate quantum phase transitions of the two-dimensional S=1 Shastry-Sutherland model, which is characterized by the frustrated orthogonal-dimer structure, by means of the exact diagonalization method and the Ising-type series expansion method. We clarify how distinct spin gap phases realized in the chain system are adiabatically connected to those in the two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland model. The effect of single-ion anisotropy is also discussed., 5 pages