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National audience; Le Web d'aujourd'hui est formé, entre autres, de deux types de contenus que sont les données structurées et liées du Web sémantique et les contributions d'utilisateurs du Web social. Notre ambition est d'offrir un modèle pour représenter ces contenus et en tirer communément avantage pour l'apprentissage collectif et la découverte de connaissances. En particulier, nous souhaitons capturer le phénomène de Sérendipité (i.e., de l'apprentissage fortuit) à l'aide d'un formalisme de représentation des connaissances subjectives où un ensemble de points de vue forment un graphe de connaissances interprétable de façon personnalisée. Nous établissons une preuve de concept sur la capacité d'apprentissage collectif que permet ce formalisme appelé Viewpoints en construisant une simulation de la diffusion de connaissances telle qu'elle peut exister sur le Web grâce à la coexistence des données liées et des contributions des utilisateurs. A l'aide d'un modèle comportemental paramétré pour représenter diverses stratégies de navigation Web, nous cherchons à optimiser la diffusion de systèmes de préférences. Nos résultats nous permettent d'identifier les stratégies les plus adéquates pour l'apprentissage fortuit et d'approcher la notion de Sérendipité. Une implémentation du noyau du formalisme Viewpoints est disponible ; le modèle sous-jacent permet l'indexation de tous types de jeux de données. Mots-clés : représentation des connaissances, découverte et diffusion de connaissances, Sérendipité, ingénierie des connaissances centrée utilisateurs, apprentissage, intelligence collective, Web 2.0, agents.

National audience; Le cycle de conférence TICE a pour objectif de faire tous les deux ans le point sur les résultats de recherches, les nouvelles applications, les derniers usages, et les retours d’expériences dans le domaine de l’éducation supérieure numérique. Le colloque TICE 2014 est organisé par l’IUT de Beziers, une composante de l’Université Montpellier 2. Cette neuvième édition du colloque TICE sera l’occasion de rassembler à Béziers, du 18 au 20 Novembre 2014, la communauté scientifique et industrielle des TICE autour du thème « Nouvelles pédagogies et sciences et technologies du numérique ».

National audience; Avec le Web 2.0, les utilisateurs, devenus contributeurs, ont pris une place centrale dans les processus de consommation et de production de connaissances ; cependant la paternité des contributions est souvent perdue lors de l'indexation de l'information. Viewpoints est un formalisme de représentation des connaissances centré sur le point de vue individuel, humain ou artificiel. Nous considérons trois types d'objets de connaissance : les documents (supports), les agents (émetteurs) et les topics (descripteurs). Un viewpoint émis par un agent exprime son opinion sur la proximité entre deux objets. Les viewpoints permettent de définir et de calculer une distance entre objets qui évolue au fil des interactions (requêtes et retours d'utilisation) et de l'ajout de nouveaux viewpoints. Un prototype de moteur de recherche pour des données de publications scientifiques tirées de HAL-LIRMM montre comment Viewpoints peut faire émerger, de façon transparente, une intelligence collective à partir des interactions des utilisateurs contributeurs.

Access to learning information is still restricted due to the lack of technical and semantic interoperability, locking knowledge resources in disconnected islands. This situation does not provide learners with a motivating environment in which to access and share learning information. In order to target emerging needs for lifelong competence development, a flexible and open source environment for management and sharing of knowledge resources must be built on top of an infrastructure that maximizes the amount of information available, therefore integrating centralised repositories and user desktop resources as well as emergent Web 2.0 applications. This paper describes the challenges and requirements that need to be addressed and presents a set of interfaces and our current implementation of the Knowledge Resource Sharing and Management service oriented architecture. ispartof: pages:691-693 ispartof: Seventh IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007) pages:691-693 ispartof: IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT 2007) location:Niigata, Japan date:18 Jul - 20 Jul 2007 status: published

National audience; L'Informatica moderna è intrinsicamente sociale: società di agenti autonomi umani ed artificiali comunicano in Rete scambiandosi servizi. Essi collaborano e competono negli scenari applicativi più svariati; quelli della Società dell'Informazione e della Conoscenza. In questa Società, molti concetti delle Scienze umane sono diventati essenziali, in particolare (ma non solo) quelli relativi alla semantica ed alla pragmatica della comunicazione: ontologie ed atti linguistici. Il contributo identifica la visione dell'autore sullo stato attuale della disciplina e sugli sviluppi prevedibili a medio termine dei rapporti sinergici fra Informatica e Scienze umane.

twenty-third in a series of annual technology research conferences supported by the European Commission and hosted by national governments.; International audience; Business intelligence is crucial for synergy and competitiveness in the world of business; the challenge is to capitalize upon the experiences, relationships and knowledge of all members over time. In this paper, we address business intelligence and more generally collective intelligence through a social approach based on viewpoints. The collective knowledge is stored within a bi-partite graph populated by agents, documents and topics on one side and by viewpoints on the other side. Viewpoints consist in labelled triples (agent, document, topic). We define a semantic distance on this structure. We then engage a selectionist process: information retrieval is based on existing viewpoints while feedbacks yield new viewpoints. The implemented framework and algorithms are tested through a simulation.

International audience

International audience; The keynote's goal is to reflect on emergent opportunities for human Discovery (in science), Creativity (in art & industry), and Learning (in education) as processes often occurring serendipitously in individuals and in communities empowered by dynamic Web connections in the global village. These reflections seem to fit best with the mandate of the CBIE Conference: sustainable education. Having been influenced by the pioneering work of the late ecologist Francesco Di Castri, former Unesco coordinator for durable development and main United Nations consultant for the Rio 1992 Conference, we envision major shifts in the societies of the future, concerning all aspects of their life in general and of their education in particular. We adopt his foundational view that local empowerment of isolated communities is enabled by bidirectional access to Information with a champion playing a catalytic role. The empowerment envisioned by Di Castri was described by him in several field studies, ranging from isolated islands in Polynesia such as the Easter Island, to isolated Inuits in the Arctic region, to peri urban regions in Argentina and Brazil, to rural villages in the south of India. At the time these studies mainly focused on the acquisition of primary means of survival, including self esteem from the recognition of a cultural identity. The observed phenomena did not register the enactment of mass sustainable innovation and development in rapidly developing Countries such as Brazil today. While the necessary conditions for development were postulated and experimentally verified, technologies were not yet ripe. In the talk I will argue that processes of human massive scientific discovery, creativity and learning may today easily occur by exploiting available Web resources -bidirectional access to Information- , under the condition to be accompanied by "champions", the new teachers playing a catalytic role in the autonomous, social acquisition of knowledge. These processes may be even accelerated by research focussing on the creation of new computational infrastructures and applications on the basis of in depth studies of human collaborative behavior in connected communities, as the Web Science movement envisages. Work, entertainment and health represent examples of rich scenarios for the production and consumption of knowledge by connected communities. The interactive scenarios show often intertwined professional, business oriented and educational, learning oriented phases: it is hard to distinguish when participants learn, teach or operate. Consequences are very profound since many classical frontiers are potentially broken facilitating a new period of renaissance at the global level. These phenomena call primarily for an awareness by school actors (teachers and administrators as well as students) of the imminent necessary mutation of school practices with respect to what we know today, bringing to an acceptance and appropriation of the associated significant changes of their roles, skills and practices. Changing requires energy, thus is often considered harmful. However, in this case, the emergent connected global village offers the same actors a variety of important opportunities: recognizing their improved socio-economic role, extending their impact all life long, smoothing distinctions between research, education and business in institutions and enterprises, opening geopolitical frontiers to unprecedented exchanges, including breaking language and cultural barriers. The new world starts with new Schools, Universities and Research centers, eventually becoming virtualized in order to be more effective. It is evident that the Web plays today a revolutionary role similar to the one of the press in the XV Century. In the first part of the presentation I will exploit known aphorisms, paradoxes, and common sense beliefs in order to argument the provocative propositions above. The second part will be dedicated to current Informatics research projects of the speaker and his team that support the vision presented above, in the domain of science construction, social ecology, entertainment (music), and human learning.

http://gdac.uqam.ca/tice2012/ActesTICE2012-Final.pdf; International audience; Dans la continuité des colloques TICE organisés tous les 2 ans depuis 1998 (ou depuis 14 ans) sous le patronage de l'Université Numérique Ingénierie et Technologie (UNIT), l'édition 2012 est organisé conjointement par L'Université Claude Bernard de Lyon ET l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne. Cette huitième occurrence du colloque TICE est donc l'occasion de rassembler à Lyon, du 11 au 13 décembre 2012, la communauté scientifique et industrielle autour du thème "Nouvelles pédagogies et nouvelles technologies".

International audience

International audience; We have experimented with the notion of -- conceptualization, and contextualization from situated cognition and psychic reflection from activity theory for studying, and modeling context into a method called the activity states framework (ASF). The purpose of the ASF is to provide a method of analysis for identifying collaborators activity during situated context − specific to Web-mediated collaborative dialogs. This paper introduces the ASF.

International audience; The current global dimension of human exchanges in any domain (work, commerce, learning, entertainment...) is accompanied by technologies that enhance synchronous and asynchronous communication thus facilitating both collaboration and competition: the two driving forces for progress since ages. Collaboration can be made essentially in asynchronous mode by e-mails, files and information exchanges, or in synchronous mode by organizing meetings where collaborators communicate directly. Geographical and temporal distance may be overcome by several ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) solutions, usually under the label of e-collaboration. This concept is based on a high number of interactions that could be classified in three types: Computer to Computer Interaction (1), Collaborator to Computer Interaction (2) and Collaborator to Collaborator Interaction (3). Consequently, performance evaluation of e-collaboration has to be considered as consisting separately on the evaluation of each of the three types of interaction. This view leads to focus on three main aspects: the first is the system -efficiency- the second is the interface -ergonomics- the third is the collaborator's behavior during collaboration and its influence on the outcome of the joint effort -effectiveness. Three evaluation layers are so found. In this paper, we propose an appropriate evaluation method to each layer, so that future developments, applying the new evaluation method and exploiting results in actual settings, may improve separately efficiency, ergonomics and effectiveness of e-collaboration in a complementary way.

Enabling Creative Learning Design: How HCI, User Modelling and Human Factors Help; International audience; Prensky's talk about Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants is often used as a milestone for the field of study addressing this "new generation" of users. However, when talking about Digital Natives the general attitude is to think of them simply as students and not as perspective teachers. This is, in our opinion, a lost opportunity: their way of studying and doing things at present will influence the way they will work in their future workplaces. When they will assume, for example, the role of teachers, what kind of tools and environments will they really need? We will try to address this problem analyzing a project we held with four master's students, for the creation of a serious game about Amazon deforestation, were they had an interesting role, at the crossroad between students and teachers.

International audience

International audience

International audience; Recents studies have been demonstrated how useful and fundamental psychological aspects such as people Personality Traits and Emotions are during human decision-making process. Some research towards the identification and model of users Emotions have been done by Affective Computing researchers, however Personality Traits have been quite neglected. The World Wide Web is an enormous source of products and services available for people. There is a huge effort done by scientists towards the creation of effective strategies to personalize those products/services for each people interested in using them. By storing Personality Traits in User Profiles we intend to enable Recommender Systems in order to deduce more interesting recommendations for users acting pro-actively to offer them products/services as a consequence of a prediction of their future needs and behaviors. To fill this gap, in this work, we propose the interpretation, modeling, formalization, storing and application of Personality Traits in User Profile, followed by an experimentation developed in the context of Recommender Systems.

International audience

International audience; By storing Personality Traits in User Profiles we able Recommender Systems to deduce more interesting recommendations for users acting pro-actively in order to offer for them products/services as a prediction of their future needs and behavior. This paper is proposed as an alternative to improve the robustness of recommendations by using psychological aspects, as Personality Traits. This paper is a part of a PhD ongoing work. It is presented as follow: firstly we give a brief introduction about the importance of using psychological aspects in User Profiles during the decision making process; secondly, we describe studies done in Psychology describing Personality, Traits and Tests in order to formalize how to define, to model and to extract Personality Traits of user to define his identity and to build his Profile; after, we describe how the User Reputation is formalized followed by a brief consideration about Recommender Systems; finally we present our experimentation followed by results and conclusions.

International audience

We proposed in previous papers an extension and an implementation of the STROBE model, which regards the Agents as Scheme interpreters. These Agents are able to interpret messages in a dedicated environment including an interpreter that learns from the current conversation therefore representing evolving meta-level Agent's knowledge. When the Agent's interpreter is a nondeterministic one, the dialogues may consist of subsequent refinements of specifications in the form of constraint sets. The paper presents a worked out example of dynamic service generation - such as necessary on Grids - by exploiting STROBE Agents equipped with a nondeterministic interpreter. It shows how enabling dynamic specification of a problem. Then it illustrates how these principles could be effective for other applications. Details of the implementation are not provided here, but are available.

International audience

International audience; Today the business world claims for professionals able to interact in society in an emotionally intelligent way. In the last century, the Universities around the world did not address the issue in an explicit way. They form students technically competent, but not necessarily emotionally competent, limited to interact or collaborate in a professional community. This paper shows the importance of ”hot cognition”1 in the human decision-making during the knowledge creation process. We describe how the knowledge creation process is running in the academic communities during their daily activities. We also propose a prototype to register the subtle and tacit knowledge extracted during the academic communities interactions. That knowledge can improve the way to develop/update systematically the psychological abilities of students during their graduate experience.

International audience

National audience; Today the business world claims for professionals able to interact in society in an emotionally intelligent way. In the last century the Universities around the world did not address the issue in an explicit way: often ”socially limited” students were injected in Society awarded of diplomas. That means, students technically competent, but not necessarily emotionally competent, sometimes unable to interact or collaborate in a professional community. This poster describes how much ”hot cognition”1 can influence the process of knowledge creation. We propose to register the subtle and tacit knowledge allowing academic communities to improve the way to develop systematically the psychological students' abilities during their graduation experience.

International audience; Après le web qui a montré la puissance d'une infrastructure pour le partage d'informations distribuées, nous assistons à l'émergence d'une infrastructure d'un nouveau genre: la grille informatique ou GRID, une infrastructure pour le partage de ressources distribuées. Bien que l'usage de GRID demeure encore, et ce depuis plusieurs années, l'apanage du calcul intensif, GRID ouvre de nouvelles perspectives qui n'étaient pas envisageables auparavant. Ceci nous amène à penser que ce paradigme est en passe de révolutionner la vision réductrice que l'on se fait encore aujourd'hui de l'informatique distribuée. Pour illustrer notre propos, cet article traite de la problématique de collaboration par ordinateur et décrit le concept de Collabureau: un espace de collaboration immanent constitué de bureaux partagés au sein d'un groupe d'utilisateurs. Construit sur une architecture GRID, le Collabureau permet d'offrir une puissance calibrée selon les besoins du groupe de collaboration. Le tout est conçu de manière à rendre transparente à l'utilisateur toute la complexité de la technologie sous-jacente.

International audience; The Grid Shared Desktop (GSD) is a collaborative environment that provides a multidimensional humans-to-machine-to-humans interface by the means of multiples cleverly intricated desktops. The GSD is a platform independent solution that benefits of the intrinsic advantages of the Grid technology such as scalability and security. In order to verify that our GSD solution meets CSCL requirements, we have conducted experiments in the context of the ELeGI project. As part of the project use cases, the scenario described here aims at using the GSD for the construction of a shared ontology for organic chemistry. This article summarises results from the first series of experiments aiming to evaluate subjective usability aspects of the GSD in a context of scientific collaboration. We assess the GSD prototype in order to extend its functionalities for other business perspectives.

International audience; This short paper presents the perspectives of the PhD research1. It is being developed in the domain of Recommenders Systems in a Social Network considering the Psychological aspects of Humans presented as a service providers.

The GRID and MAS (Multi-Agent Systems) communities believe in the potential of GRID and MAS to enhance each other because these models have developed significant complementarities. Thus, both communities agree on the 'what' to do: promote an integration of GRID and MAS models. However, while the 'why' to do it has been stated and assessed, the 'how' to do it remains a research problem. This paper addresses this problem by eans of a service-oriented approach. Services are exchanged (i.e., provided and used) by agents through GRID mechanisms and infrastructure. The paper first consists of a set of states of the art about integration approaches in GRID, MAS and Service Oriented Computing (SOC). It secondly proposes to formalize integrated GRID-MAS systems. Concepts, relations between them and rules are semantically described by a set-theory formalization and a common graphical description language, called Agent-Grid Integration Language (AGIL). This language may be used to describe future integrated GRID-MAS systems. AGIL's concepts are directly influenced by OGSA (Open Grid Service Architecture) and the STROBE agent communication and representation model.

International audience

National audience; This paper describes an ongoing work which main aim is to help people to solve their problems by communicating through the Internet. Humans can be included into conversational processes through GRID services respecting the Open Grid Human Service Architecture (OGHSA). Within these conversations, they can consume or provide services. Considering that, “serendipitous” learning is as a side effect of human communication. However, the main question concerns how to represent, use and maintain human reputation in Human Social Networks.

International audience; This paper describes our preliminary analysis on the induction of communication protocols. Our work has two goals: (i) to recognize rules (i.e. protocols) from the communicative behavior of people in daily activities and; (ii) to understand how a person learns to infer communication protocols. Our research aim is to conceive an effective Autonomous Agent and Human Agent communication. We record sequences of communication exchanges of computer scientists collaborating online as a benchmark for the analysis of regularities that emerge from the exchanges of those communications. We analyze their conversation structures and interaction. We found a particular event where person A had applied a similar manner of communicating as person B did in a similar situation (learning rules as a side effect of communicating). We demonstrate this analysis.

International audience; The new paradigm of “knowledge construction using experiential based and collaborative learning approaches” is an outstanding opportunity for interdisciplinary research. This document is an attempt to introduce and exemplify as much as possible using the lexicon of “social sciences”, considerations and tools belonging to “artificial intelligence”. In the paper we first draw a conceptual framework for rational agents in conversational interaction; then we use this framework for describing the processes of co-building ontologies, co-building theories, social interactive learning … as examples of constructive interactions; finally we give a brief description of a conversational protocol aimed at putting a stone in the middle of the gap between human conversation and calculus.

International audience; The contribution reports on three aspects of our research activities on GRID services, Agents and Human learning: an integrated vision, a statement of intentions concerning a relatively new life cycle for Service Engineering and a review of achieved results, presented by embedding remarks and quotations in the relevant points. The essence of the contribution lies in the concept of service that is considered to be intrinsically conversational both during its dynamic definition and during its delivery. It is shown that Agents are the most promising abstractions (and technologies) offering a concrete approximation for future conversational GRID services and that Human learning is a quite suitable context for including the Human in the loop of the higher level services to be developed for mixed Virtual Organizations on future GRID networks.

National audience

Projet Européen ELeGI (IP) (IST)

International audience

International audience; There is a paradigm shift in Informatics in general and in technologies enhancing human learning in particular. The debate between ‘the evolutionaries’ – those that wish to optimize and refine current approaches – and the ‘revolutionaries’ – those that support a fundamental change of approach – is quite actual. Within the Internet communities, the debate is hidden behind the words ‘semantic WEB’ versus ‘semantic Grid’; within educational technologists between ‘content / resource centered’ and ‘conversation centered’ e-learning, or either between ‘teaching’ and ‘pedagogy’ on the one side, and ‘learning’ and ‘communities of practice’ on the other. In general, in Informatics, the shift from a product-page oriented to a service-conversation oriented view may possibly impact most if not all the foreseen applications, in e-learning, but also in e-science, e-democracy, e-commerce, e-health, etc. Part A of the book is dedicated to position papers: visions about what to do and why to do it in the next years. The remaining parts (B to D) offer partial answers to ‘how’ to do it. Part B concerns what we called content-centered services, i.e.: a vision of learning systems that privileges knowledge and its structures, standards and their interoperability, storage and retrieval services. The subsequent part C is about holistic services to refer to more mature and integrated solutions that address not only content but more generally the creation and management of human Virtual Communities connected on the Grid in order to offer and consume different services facilitating and enhancing human learning. Finally part D is concerned with new directions in learning services.

International audience; Human learning on the Grid will be based on the synergies between advanced artificial and human agents. These synergies will be possible to the extent that conversational protocols among agents, human and/or artificial ones, can be adapted to the ambitious goal of dynamically generating services for human learning. In the paper we highlight how conversations may procure learning both in human and in artificial agents. The STROBE model for communicating agents and its current evolutions shows how an artificial agent may “learn” dynamically (at run time) at the Data, Control and Interpreter level, in particular exemplifying the “learning by being told” modality. The enhanced presence research, exemplified by Buddyspace, in parallel, puts human agents in a rich communicative context where learning effects may occur also as a “serendipitous” side effect of communication.