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The aim of this paper is to explore the forms of official and unofficial negotiation, using the rescue of the Staré Hrady castle, renovated between 1949 and 1993, as a case in point. The paper first outlines the earlier history and current situation of this monument, then the cultural and legal context, the actors and, lastly, the history of the rescue itself. It then proceeds to examine the final phase of the rescue to provide an illustrative example of a castle renovation project that was financially and ideologically supported by the regime and where the rescue went hand in hand with its cultural use, which served as an argument for the renovation in the first place. The paper discusses the forms of communication formally required for the official negotiation related to this project, as well as the informal level of the negotiation, which existed outside the written sources. It concludes that both of these negotiation levels were equally important for the preservation of the Staré Hrady castle: they were used as dictated by the situation and ultimately aimed at achieving the same goal: to preserve a cultural monument whose restoration had been considered impossible and pointless a little more than two decades earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the period of the First Republic, the journalist Alfred Fuchs stood, as he stated of himself, between two sides – as a Christian he was close to the Catholic Church, but at the same time his views were those of the so-called Castle and he put himself at the service of the state press. His straddling of the two conflicting sides was particularly evident in his reflections on the connection between political views and religious convictions. This paper analyses Fuchs’s defence of democracy from the position of a Catholic intellectual and his efforts to find harmony between the two sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excavation of Warwick, an early 17th-century English ship wrecked in a hurricane, yielded more than 2,000 individual cultural objects, the largest and most significant being the articulated remains of the starboard section of the hull. This article details the objects salvaged and excavated from the site prior to 2008 and presents an overview of selected artefacts recovered during 2010-12 excavations by the authors. The objects included in this catalog are those that have been analyzed, already conserved, or are currently in various stages of conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Takeaways: With the number and sophistication of cyberattacks increasing dramatically around the world, defensive and robust cybersecurity practices are a must. Using a Defense in Depth strategy offers water and wastewater utilities a multilayered system to guard against cyberattacks. Important cybersecurity barriers include risk assessments, access control, network segmentation, multifactor authentication, and security assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Rural Development Studies / Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok is the property of CampInvest Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Az elrejtett mentsváraknak tekintett székelyföldi középkori várak elhelyezkedése nem függetleníthető a környezetükben húzódó terepobjektumoktól (őskori vár, népvándorlás kori sáncok, mélyutak, kápolnák). Ezek együttes vizsgálata és más adatok arra utalnak, hogy a várak „folyamatosan" használt utak mellé épültek, így a Magyar Királyság 13. századi határvédelmi rendszerének elemei voltak. The location of the 'hidden' medieval castles of Székely Land is strongly connected with other sites nearby (prehistoric fortresses, ramparts from the migration period, chapels, abandoned old roads). Therefore the main conclusion is that these mountain castles were built near ancient and 'continuously' used routes so they belonged to the 13th century defence system of the Hungarian Kingdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses castle renovations from the turn of the twentieth century up until the present, focusing on their stylistic aspect. Although castles (both ruined and inhabited) have been considered prominent subjects of heritage conservation since the beginning of the conservation movement, they require architectural additions to further their integration into contemporary life, even if a strictly protective approach is applied. In contrast to nineteenth-century European attitude to conservation, the twentieth- and twenty-firstcentury conservation professionals mostly recommend that the new elements comply with the preserved composition or scale, leaving the question of their style (i.e. a coherent architectural vocabulary) open. The study examines selected Czech examples that feature a substantial newly-added layer (Gothic in Bouzov, the 1890s-1900s; Art Nouveau and Art Deco in Nové Město nad Metují, the 1910s-1920s; Classical in Prague Castle, the 1920s-1950s; Technocratic in Lipnice, the 1970s-1980s; Romantic in Častolovice, the 1990s; Minimalist in Helfštýn, the 2010s). Drawing on these examples, the analysis raises the following questions: how should new additions relate to the authenticity and integrity of the renovated monuments and what variables influence this relationship? Should conservation authorities regulate the vocabulary of modern interventions? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Online Journal of Art & Design is the property of Online Journal of Art & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study addresses castle renovations from the turn of the twentieth century up until the present, focusing on their stylistic aspect. Although castles (both ruined and inhabited) have been considered prominent subjects of heritage conservation since the beginning of the conservation movement, they require architectural additions to further their integration into contemporary life, even if a strictly conservationist approach is applied. In contrast to nineteenth-century European attitude to conservation, the twentieth- and twenty-first-century conservation professionals mostly recommend that the new elements comply with the preserved composition or scale, leaving the question of their style (i.e. a coherent architectural vocabulary) open. The study examines selected Czech examples that feature a substantial newly-added layer (Gothic in Bouzov, the 1890s–1900s; Art Nouveau and Art Deco in Nové Město nad Metují, the 1910s–1920s; Classical in Prague Castle, the 1920s–1950s; Technocratic in Lipnice, the 1970s–1980s; Romantic in Častolovice, the 1990s; Minimalist in Helfštýn, the 2010s). Drawing on these examples, the analysis raises the following questions: how should new additions relate to the authenticity and integrity of the renovated monuments and what variables influence this relationship? Should conservation authorities regulate the vocabulary of modern interventions?

This article provides an overview of archaeological projects and discoveries in Britain and Ireland in 2022. It categorizes the findings by different topics and time periods, such as pre-conquest and post-conquest. One specific project mentioned is the excavation of a 7th-century cemetery in Cherry Hinton, Cambridgeshire, which uncovered 60 burials and medieval artifacts. The article emphasizes the importance of these findings in understanding burial practices and provides a broader context by mentioning other nearby cemeteries. Another project discussed is the survey and excavation work at Knepp Castle in West Sussex, which aimed to gather information about the castle's layout and investigate its destruction in the 13th century. The surveys identified potential archaeological features, raising questions about the castle's history that require further investigation and excavation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Owing to the lack of visible scars, the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) offers superior aesthetic outcomes compared to conventional thyroidectomy. Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE) represents a rare thyroid gland neoplasm. This study aimed to explore the TOETVA learning curve and present a case report of CASTLE. Methods: A study with precise 1:1 matching was conducted to assess the procedure safety and cancer control outcomes of TOETVA in comparison to conventional surgery between May 2020 and May 2023. Cumulative sum analysis was employed to optimally fit the learning curve. Subsequently, a case report of CASTLE treated with TOETVA surgery was presented. Results: The mean operative time was longer in the TOETVA group than in the open group. The TOETVA group had a higher incidence of skin numbness and excellent cosmetic outcomes compared to the open group. The learning curves for work area preparation, unilateral thyroid lobectomy, and the entire surgical process were 59, 28, and 50 cases, respectively. There were no differences between the learning and proficient groups, except for operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and drainage volume on the first postoperative day. Conclusions: A comprehensive analysis of the TOETVA learning curve utilizing cumulative and analytical methods demonstrated the feasibility of TOETVA with regards to surgical integrity, safety, and oncological safety. This study's findings suggest that a surgeon's cumulative number of TOETVA cases exceeding 50 can reach the mastery stage. Moreover, diagnosing CASTLE is challenging and necessitates immunohistochemical detection of relatively specific markers associated with thymic epithelial tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echiurans (spoonworms) are a very distinctive group of polychaete annelids that had long been considered to constitute a separate phylum. Their fossil record is extremely limited, although trace fossils that have been suggested to be attributable to them date back as far as the Cambrian Period. The oldest body fossils are from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Biota, and preserve only limited morphological detail. New material from the Middle Ordovician (Darrivilian, Didymograptus murchisoni Biozone) Castle Bank Biota of Wales shows fine detail of the morphology of a new taxon, Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov., including several details that indicate an assignment to the derived family Thalassematidae, allied to the speciose genus Ochetostoma. These details include proboscis morphology, anterior setae, and muscle organisation within the trunk. An additional specimen is described in open nomenclature, as it may be either a distinct species, or a juvenile of Llwygarua suzannae gen. et sp. nov. with a relatively elongated proboscis. These worms demonstrate a very early and previously unrecognised diversification of the echiuran grown group, further supporting an early diversification of Annelida as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents an application of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology to the preservation of buildings of historic value. The study of the built heritage encompasses several aspects: namely, the collection of information, the rigorous representation of the building, the identification of the applied traditional construction processes, and the classification of historic eras of construction, conservation or refurbishing. In a BIM context, the topic of old buildings is referred to as Heritage Building Information Modelling (HBIM). In order to illustrate the type of work that needs to be prepared, a building heritage case is presented. The study is focused on the identification of the historic evolution of a castle and the adjacent structural environment. The first step concerns the data collecting: several institutional repositories of old documents were consulted; technical visits to the site were performed; a large photographic survey was undertaken; and photogrammetry technology was applied. Based on the available information, the corresponding stratigraphic HBIM model of the historic complex was generated, which was associated with an accessible and well-organised database. This text aims to contribute positively to the dissemination of the HBIM in the preservation of historic buildings, and it is focused on a mandatory first step: generating a complete stratigraphic HBIM model. The model is intended to be a useful support to professionals to elaborate the preservation project, as it archives relevant data. The description of all processes from the data collection to the stratigraphic model brings an important understanding of the relevance of a primary stage performed with depth and care. This research contemplates, essentially, the topic of collecting data as essential to the performance of heritage studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medieval Castle Kolno, situated near the village of Stare Kolnie, served as a custom house at the confluence of the rivers Budkowiczanka and Stobrawa. Numerous diaspores of plants were found in archaeological excavations, in the layers of the 14th-15th centuries AD. The excavations were located near the former access road, where increased human activity has affected the composition of the fossil macroremains of plants. Two Brassica species (cabbage B. oleracea and black mustard B. nigra) cultivated in small fields near the castle were recognised. Diaspores of weeds and ruderal plants were also deposited at the site. The most frequent were: Solanum nigrum, Setaria pumila, Chenopodium album, Rumex acetosella, Persicaria lapathifolia, and Urtica dioica. The collected set of fossil diaspores is composed of plant species associated with anthropogenic habitats and shows the dispersal dynamics in various micro-niches within them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Frinco Castle (AT-Italy) was the focus of a critical requalification and restoration project and historical knowledge. The initial medieval nucleus was modified and enriched by other architectural parts giving the current shape over the centuries. These additions gave the castle its actual internal and external complexity and an extreme structural fragility: in 2014, a significant portion collapsed. The main objective of this work was to obtain 3D metric documentation and a historical interpretation of the castle for reconstruction and fruition purposes. The local administration has planned knowledge processes from 2021: an integrated 3D geodetic survey of the entire castle and stratigraphic investigations of masonries. Both surveys were essential for understanding the architectural composition as well as the historical evolution of the court. NURBS modelling and a stratigraphic analysis of masonries allowed for the implementation of 3D immersion related to the historical interpretation. Furthermore, this modelling choice was essential for virtually reconstructing the collapsed area and helping the restoration phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Czech Republic, like many other European countries, is characterised by a large number of chateau buildings and sites. Historical events of the last century have caused that in the countries of the socalled Eastern Bloc the original use of these buildings was largely interrupted and the overall management of these properties was neglected. This, together with other factors, led to the creation of a large number of chateau brownfields, which are still visible in the Czech Republic today. The aim of this paper is to determine on the background of a descriptive analysis the key characteristics of chateau brownfields associated in particular with their localization and to reveal any similarities and differences that result from their location within selected LAU1 regions. The analysis is based on the primary research of 367 chateau buildings in 4 NUTS3 regions of the Czech Republic and is unique in its concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work concerns the development of a simple and rigorous procedure for the construction of metric orthophotos in high geometric resolution and rich in detail through the use of terrestrial and UAV photogrammetry techniques. This approach has been tested on various datasets relating to the Racconigi Castle (Italy) and has allowed the state of the sites to be documented. All the orthophotos produced made it possible to identify the critical areas from a conservation point of view and, at the same time, to create a support tool that makes it possible to identify, with high precision, the damaged areas in a short time thanks to the georeferencing of the processed models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extreme cloudburst on 4 July 2021 damaged Edinburgh Castle. Relative to preindustrial, and based on results from a convective permitting model, observed warming increased the risk by ∼30%, which further increases to ∼70% in a +2-K world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the sub-units of the military organization in the Seljuk Seljuks of Turkey, the kûtvâl was a person who worked under the head of the sultan in the provinces under the center and was responsible for the protection of the castles assigned to him. The kotwāl, who took his place within the military organization in the Seljuk Empire of Turkey, was generally the most authorized person responsible for all kinds of security affairs in the castles. In addition, kūtvāl was the person responsible for the security of life and property of the people in the castle. In terms of his main duties, kotwāl was the person who took the necessary precautions regarding the provisions and ammunition in the fortress and was accountable to the su-bashi, the highest military superior in the provinces within this hierarchy. By examining the etymological structure of the word kotwāl in the text, we focused on whether the word is originally Sanskrit or Turkish. It is seen that the kotwāl who guarded the castles were also known by other names and that they showed some changes according to time and place. In addition to these, we have included details about the castles in which the kotwāl who served in the Seljuks of Turkey were stationed in the text. In the Seljuk Seljuks of Turkey, the qualities of a kotwāl to be recruited for a castle are listed as follows: first of all, he must be just, and he must treat the people working under him fairly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antiquarian Martín de Ximena Jurado was a pioneer in the historical cartography of the old Kingdom of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain), where he tried to represent emblematic areas with their military defences with his particular graphic language. Not surprisingly, this territory has a high concentration of medieval fortifications. The data and drawings that he made of castles, towers, and defensive enclosures show a special interest in the militarisation of sites and places. He went beyond a simple toponymic study aimed only at finding a correspondence between the ancient name and the location of a settlement based on the evidence provided by coins and inscriptions. The medieval fortifications that he mapped were not drawn in ruins as one would expect they would be in the mid-17th century, but with their most characteristic construction elements. This fact gives it great relevance, as it represents the idealised hypothesis of the state of these constructions at the time of the Castilian conquest in the decades following the Almohad debacle in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a 1+1‐dimensional temperature‐dependent model such that the classical ballistic deposition model is recovered as its zero‐temperature limit. Its ∞‐temperature version, which we refer to as the 0‐Ballistic Deposition (0‐BD) model, is a randomly evolving interface which, surprisingly enough, does not belong to either the Edwards–Wilkinson (EW) or the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class. We show that 0‐BD has a scaling limit, a new stochastic process that we call Brownian Castle (BC) which, although it is "free", is distinct from EW and, like any other renormalisation fixed point, is scale‐invariant, in this case under the 1:1:2 scaling (as opposed to 1:2:3 for KPZ and 1:2:4 for EW). In the present article, we not only derive its finite‐dimensional distributions, but also provide a "global" construction of the Brownian Castle which has the advantage of highlighting the fact that it admits backward characteristics given by the (backward) Brownian Web (see [37, 16]). Among others, this characterisation enables us to establish fine pathwise properties of BC and to relate these to special points of the Web. We prove that the Brownian Castle is a (strong) Markov and Feller process on a suitable space of càdlàg functions and determine its long‐time behaviour. Finally, we give a glimpse to its universality by proving the convergence of 0‐BD to BC in a rather strong sense. © 2022 The Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflagration at Hohenwerfen Castle destroyed many parts of the fabric of the medieval castle and later fortress. The residential apartments burned out completely, and there was extensive damage to the chaplain's storey and in and around the castle's chapel. However, thanks to the response by local fire brigades, it proved possible to save the defensive works, the kitchen yard and also the keep in their entirety. Many furnished rooms and the private effects and valuable collections belonging to Archduke Eugen of Austria-Teschen, who at the time was the owner of the castle but had been living in exile in Switzerland since the monarchy came to an end in 1919, were lost to the fire. Wintry weather, impassable terrain, icy roads and frozen water when the huge fire was being fought made it more difficult to put it out, and it was brought under control only by effective cooperation between several local fire brigades and the coordination centre in Salzburg. The subsequent police investigation showed that the fire had been caused by an ill-advised meat-smoking operation and inadequate cleaning of the associated area. With the aid of the insurance payout and the proceeds from the sale of the Archduke's collection of weapons, the fortress was largely restored. However, because of a lack of funding, it was not possible to fully restore all the rooms to their original condition. Thanks to the reconstruction of a state room in 2003, it is again possible to view one of the grand rooms in its former glory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative discusses the use of architecture as a mechanism of control over territories, resources, and peoples in the Jordanian desert during the period of interwar British Mandatory rule. The text presents and compares varying modes of imperial and Indigenous architectural control in the desert through a case study of Qal'at al-Jafr, a building constructed after World War I by the Bedouin leader Auda abu Tayeh, and coopted a decade later into the British Mandate's scheme for "desert control." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation (CASTLE), which emerges within the thyroid gland or the adjacent soft tissues of the neck, is a rare malignant neoplasm found globally. The occurrence of CASTLE in conjunction with papillary thyroid carcinoma is an even more infrequent phenomenon. The ensuing sections elaborate upon the clinical attributes characteristic of CASTLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates Oman's international tourism predictors within a coherent gravity modelling framework. International visitor arrival data for 2007 to 2015 involving Oman's forty-eight main visitor origin countries are incorporated in the balanced panel estimation empirical phase that tests several gravity model specifications. The estimation procedure includes standard gravity variables and controls for several hypothesized influences. The findings provide strong evidence that the economic sizes of visitor recipient and origin countries, the distance between Oman and visitor origin countries, humidity, quality of accommodation, and common religion are statistically significant predictors. Surprisingly, while relevant, Oman's cultural attractions (museums, forts, and castles) and the extent of human freedom are statistically insignificant. These findings are unique as they focus on the importance of factors determining Oman's tourism within a cohesive and inclusive modelling framework. Policymakers can target the abovementioned variables to facilitate investments and propel tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides information on analyses of iron nails from three medieval castle premises - Opava Castle, Kaltenštejn, Pustý Zámek situated in the area of Czech Silesia, or, more specifically, in the western part of this territory. The typological classification of individual 565 artefacts, which were subsequently subjected to X-ray fluorescence analysis, is presented. On its basis, it was found out that the possible sources of raw materials for all the objects manufactured are the mining works in the area of Hrubý Jeseník. It was also confirmed that the same iron raw materials were used for the production of individual types of nails (shingle nails, horseshoes, common types of construction nails, etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]