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Les organisations actuelles affrontent chaque jour des conditions variables qui exigent la capacité de s'adapter et de se maintenir dans le temps. L'article propose un modèle conceptuel et instrumental de durabilité, à partir de l'analyse de différents points de vue et conceptions, par lesquels la réalité de l'être humain a été abordée dans les organisations, à partir de la pertinence de l'introduction du concept de Tissu Social de Gestion d'Entreprise. Linvestigation sur le terrain a été réalisée sur un groupe d'entreprises du secteur biotechnologique colombien. Une nouvelle perspective dans l'administration du facteur humain est proposée, orientée vers la durabilité organisationnelle, basée sur deux critères principaux qui rendent évident la cohérence et l'harmonie d'aspects non seulement quantitatifs mais aussi qualitatifs, centrés sur l'analyse de la réalité expérimentée par les personnes dans les organisations actuelles. Las organizaciones actuales enfrentan condiciones cada vez más cambiantes que les exigen capacidad de adaptarse y mantenerse en el tiempo. El presente artículo propone un modelo conceptual e instrumental de sostenibilidad, que se fundamenta en diferentes concepciones y enfoques, con los cuales se ha abordado la realidad del ser humano en las organizaciones, a partir de la introducción del concepto de tejido social empresarial. La investigación de campo se realizó en un grupo de empresas del sector biotecnológico colombiano. Se planteó una nueva perspectiva en la administración del factor humano enfocada en la sostenibilidad organizacional, y centrada en el análisis de la realidad que experimentan las personas en las organizaciones de hoy. Organisations are currently being faced by ever-changing conditions forcing them to adapt themselves to actual market circumstances. This article proposes a conceptual and instrumental model of sustainability, beginning by analysing different conceptions and approaches used for tackling human beings' reality within organisations from the pertinence of introducing the concept of social entrepreneurial tissue. Field research was done in a group of companies from the Colombian biotechnology sector. A new perspective in administering the human factor is proposed, focused on organisational sustainability. It is based on two main criteria manifesting quantitative and qualitative aspects' coherency and harmony, centred on analysing the reality experienced by people in organisations today.

Sociedades cada vez más cambiantes caracterizan el naciente siglo. En ellas, el fortalecimiento del emprendimiento es determinante como elemento transversal en la formación no sólo de profesionales monodisciplinares sino de personas aptas para incorporarse en las dinámicas del conocimiento y desarrollo socioeconómico de países con profundas necesidades de cambio. Este trabajo presenta un esquema desarrollado desde el programa Consultorio Empresarial de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, que busca motivar a los egresados a ejercer liderazgo en los sistemas productivos -replanteando el concepto de misión social, entendida como la capacidad de generar riqueza con beneficio social, y fortaleciendo las competencias en emprendimiento- y ofrecer a la sociedad individuos con mayor pertinencia y competencia. Se aborda el emprendimiento desde sus bases conceptuales y se contextualiza en América Latina y en Colombia, analizando el impacto que ha ejercido la academia. Finalmente se explican los antecedentes, componentes y alcances del programa piloto adelantado por la Universidad para fortalecer en sus egresados el emprendimiento y el liderazgo. In ever-changing societies, such as those characterising the new-born century, strengthening entrepreneurship represents a determining transversal element in training. It represents the ability to generate new training models, not only for mono-disciplinary professionals but also for people apt to become incorporated into the dynamics of knowledge and socio-economic development of countries having a profound need for change. This article presents a developed scheme from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia’s “Entrepreneurial Consultation” programme, which seeks to strengthen motivation for exercising leadership in production systems amongst those students who have graduated from the university. It poses the concept of social mission, understood as being the ability to generate wealth having social benefit and strengthening competency in entrepreneurship, leading to offering society individuals having greater pertinence and competence. Entrepreneurship is thus approached from its conceptual bases, being contextualised in the Latin-American and Colombian region, analysing the impact made by the academic world. The antecedents, components and scope of the University’s pilot programme for strengthening entrepreneurship and leadership in its ex-students’ are also explained. Dans des sociétés chaque fois plus changeantes comme celles qui caractérisent le siècle naissant, le renforcement de l’entreprenariat comme élément transversal dans la formation est déterminant, en tant que capacité de produire de nouveaux modèles de formation, non seulement de professionnels monodisciplinaires, mais aussi de personnes aptes à s’incorporer aux dynamiques de la connaissance et du développement socioéconomique de pays aux profondes nécessités de changement. Ce travail présente un shéma développé à partir du programme « Cabinet d’Entreprise » de l’Université Nationale de Colombie, lequel cherche à renforcer chez les diplômés la motivation d’exercer un leadership dans les systèmes productifs, en réexaminant le concept de mission sociale, comprise comme la capacité de produire des richesses avec un bénéfice social et en renforçant les compétences en entreprenariat, permettant ainsi d’offrir à la société des individus possédant plus de pertinence et de compétence. Dans ce but, l’entreprenariat est abordé à partir de ses bases conceptuelles, et est contextualisé dans la région de l’Amérique Latine et de la Colombie, en analysant l’impact exercé par l’académie. Finalement, les antécédents, les composantes et les objectifs du programme pilote proposé par l’Université afin de renforcer chez ses diplômés l’entreprenariat et le leadership sont expliqués.

In the design process of array antennas, coupling is one of the most important elements to be counted. The real feeding radiated coefficients can be quite different from the theoretical ones because of this effect. In this paper, a compensation method is presented allowing matching each element from the array. All the parameters which are part of the coupling process are obtained through measurements, and the model to obtain those parameters is presented. An application to linear patch array is presented as an example.

Three-dimensional modeling that integrates fluvial sediment transport, crustal-scale tectonic deformation, and lithospheric flexural subsidence is carried out to simulate the landscape and drainage evolution of the Ebro sedimentary basin (NE Iberia). The Ebro Basin underwent a long period of closed intramountain drainage as a result of tectonic topography generation at the Pyrenees, the Iberian Range, and the Catalan Coastal Range. In the late Oligocene, the Catalan Coastal Range underwent extension leading to the formation of the Valencia Trough (NW Mediterranean), but the Ebro Basin remained closed for nearly 15 Myr more before the Ebro River cut through the remnants of the topographic barrier. This drainage opening caused widespread basin incision that shaped spectacular outcrops of the syntectonic and posttectonic infill. Here we investigate the processes controlling these major drainage changes. The modeling results, constrained by a large data set on the tectonic and transport evolution of the area, predict a closed phase characterized by a large lake in the central eastern Ebro Basin. Dry climatic conditions probably lowered the lake level and contributed, together with rift flank uplift, to prolong this endorheic basin stage. The age and amount of reworked sediment after the opening are consistent with an onset of basin incision between 13 and 8.5 Ma as a result of lake capture by escarpment erosion and lake level rise associated with sediment accumulation and wetter climatic conditions. Sea level changes in the Mediterranean had no major impact in the large-scale drainage evolution of the Ebro Basin., This work has been funded by the Netherlands Center for Integrated Solid Earth Science (ISES).

Dans des sociétés chaque fois plus changeantes comme celles qui caractérisent le siècle naissant, le renforcement de l'entreprenariat comme élément transversal dans la formation est déterminant, en tant que capacité de produire de nouveaux modèles de formation, non seulement de professionnels monodisciplinaires, mais aussi de personnes aptes à s'incorporer aux dynamiques de la connaissance et du développement socioéconomique de pays aux profondes nécessités de changement. Ce travail présente un shéma développé à partir du programme « Cabinet d'Entreprise » de l'Université Nationale de Colombie, lequel cherche à renforcer chez les diplômés la motivation d'exercer un leadership dans les systèmes productifs, en réexaminant le concept de mission sociale, comprise comme la capacité de produire des richesses avec un bénéfice social et en renforçant les compétences en entreprenariat, permettant ainsi d'offrir à la société des individus possédant plus de pertinence et de compétence. Dans ce but, l'entreprenariat est abordé à partir de ses bases conceptuelles, et est contextualisé dans la région de l'Amérique Latine et de la Colombie, en analysant l'impact exercé par l'académie. Finalement, les antécédents, les composantes et les objectifs du programme pilote proposé par l'Université afin de renforcer chez ses diplômés l'entreprenariat et le leadership sont expliqués. Sociedades cada vez más cambiantes caracterizan el naciente siglo. En ellas, el fortalecimiento del emprendimiento es determinante como elemento transversal en la formación no sólo de profesionales monodisciplinares sino de personas aptas para incorporarse en las dinámicas del conocimiento y desarrollo socioeconómico de países con profundas necesidades de cambio. Este trabajo presenta un esquema desarrollado desde el programa Consultorio Empresarial de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, que busca motivar a los egresados a ejercer liderazgo en los sistemas productivos -replanteando el concepto de misión social, entendida como la capacidad de generar riqueza con beneficio social, y fortaleciendo las competencias en emprendimiento- y ofrecer a la sociedad individuos con mayor pertinencia y competencia. Se aborda el emprendimiento desde sus bases conceptuales y se contextualiza en América Latina y en Colombia, analizando el impacto que ha ejercido la academia. Finalmente se explican los antecedentes, componentes y alcances del programa piloto adelantado por la Universidad para fortalecer en sus egresados el emprendimiento y el liderazgo. In ever-changing societies, such as those characterising the new-born century, strengthening entrepreneurship represents a determining transversal element in training. It represents the ability to generate new training models, not only for mono-disciplinary professionals but also for people apt to become incorporated into the dynamics of knowledge and socio-economic development of countries having a profound need for change. This article presents a developed scheme from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's "Entrepreneurial Consultation" programme, which seeks to strengthen motivation for exercising leadership in production systems amongst those students who have graduated from the university. It poses the concept of social mission, understood as being the ability to generate wealth having social benefit and strengthening competency in entrepreneurship, leading to offering society individuals having greater pertinence and competence. Entrepreneurship is thus approached from its conceptual bases, being contextualised in the Latin-American and Colombian region, analysing the impact made by the academic world. The antecedents, components and scope of the University's pilot programme for strengthening entrepreneurship and leadership in its ex-students' are also explained.

Continental topography is at the interface of processes taking place at depth in the Earth, at its surface, and above it. Topography influences society, not only in terms of slow processes of landscape change and earthquakes, but also in terms of how it affects climate. The Pannonian Basin-Carpathian Orogen System in Central and Eastern Europe represents a key natural laboratory for the development of a new generation of models for ongoing orogeny and its effect on continental topography development (Figure l). This system comprises some of the best documented sedimentary basins in the world, located within the Alpine orogenic belt, at the transition between the western European lithosphere and the East European Craton. It includes one of the most active seismic zones in Europe, with intermediate depth (50–220 km) mantle earthquakes of significant magnitude occurring in a geographically restricted area in theVrancea zone of southeastern Romania.

In the design process of array antennas, coupling is one of the most important elements to be counted. The real feeding radiated coefficients can be quite different from the theoretical ones because of this effect. In this paper, a compensation method is presented allowing matching each element from the array. All the parameters which are part of the coupling process are obtained through measurements. An application to linear patch array is presented as an example.

Previous quantitative studies dealing with the origin of foreland basins have focused primarily either on the rheological basis of the lithosphere mechanical response or on the relationship between orogenic loading and sediment geometry. To link the evolution of the Guadalquivir foreland basin (South Iberia) with the thermomechanical stratification of the Iberian lithosphere, we combine quantitative approaches to deep and shallow processes: thrust loading, lithospheric flexure, thickness changes of the crust and the lithospheric mantle, and surface mass transport. A planform flexural analysis of the present-day load distribution shows that basement subsidence is related not only to upper crustal thrusting but also to a deep-seated additional load. On the basis of the observed gravity and geoid fields, we propose this additional load to be related to a lithospheric mantle thickening larger than the coeval crustal thickening. Further modeling of the evolution of a basin cross section reveals that the architecture of the sedimentary basin is additionally related to the lithosphere rheological response. The quantitative study of the evolution of basement faulting and the forebulge uplift of Sierra Morena leads us to conclude that viscous stress relaxation and/or plastic yielding within the lithosphere are key processes to explain the flexural evolution of the basin.

Integration of stress indicator data, gravity data, crustal kinematics data, and analysis of topography and recent vertical motions demonstrates the occurrence of consistently oriented spatial patterns of large-scale Alpine to recent intraplate deformation in Iberia. The inferred upper crustal and lithospheric deformation patterns and the timing of the associated expressions at or near the surface support the existence of a close coupling with plate boundary processes operating at the margins of Iberia. Patterns of lithosphere and upper crustal folds are oriented perpendicular to the main axis of present-day intraplate compression in Iberia inferred from structural analysis of stress indicator data and focal mechanism solutions. These findings suggest the presence of lithospheric folds, with wavelengths compatible with theoretical predictions of folding wavelengths of Variscan lithosphere. Stress-induced intraplate deformation set up by plate interactions is compatible with indications for the absence of present-day deep mantle-lithosphere interactions inferred from seismic tomography.

Foreland basins form by lithospheric flexure under orogenic loading and are filled by surface transport of sediment. This work readdresses the interplay between these processes by integrating in a 3D numerical model: the mechanisms of thrust stacking, elastic flexural subsidence and sediment transport along the drainage network. The experiments show that both crustal tectonic deformation and vertical movements related to lithospheric flexure control and organise the basin-scale drainage pattern, competing with the nonlinear, unpredictable intrinsic nature of river network evolution. Drainage pattern characteristics are predicted that match those observed in many foreland basins, such as the axial drainage, the distal location of the main river within the basin, and the formation of large, long-lasting lacustrine systems. In areas where the river network is not well developed before the formation of the basin, these lithospheric flexural effects on drainage patterns may be enhanced by the role of the forebulge uplift as drainage divide. Inversely, fluvial transport modifies the flexural vertical movements differently than simpler transport models (e.g. diffusion): Rivers can drive erosion products far from a filled basin, amplifying the erosional rebound of both orogen and basin. The evolution of the sediment budget between orogen and basin is strongly dependent on this coupling between flexure and fluvial transport: Maximum sediment accumulations on the foreland are predicted for a narrow range of lithospheric elastic thickness between 15 and 40 km, coinciding with the T

The Ebro Basin, the southern foreland basin of the Pyrenees, has undergone a complex evolution in which, apart from the Pyrenees, the Iberian Range and the Catalan Coastal Ranges have played an important role, both as sediment sources and as basin confining structures. The deflected basement underlying the Ebro Basin dips north, suggesting a lithospheric-scale control on the structure of this basin. This is compatible with the results of subsidence analyses, which show that the study area is not in a local mode of isostatic compensation. In order better to understand the mechanisms that led to the present configuration of the Ebro Basin, and particularly the relevance of the various kinds of (un)loading (e.g. surrounding fold-and-thrust belts, basin topography, subsurface loads), we carried out a 3-D kinematic modelling study that accounts for the flexural state of the lithosphere, subjected to various loads applied at its lateral boundaries, and the sedimentary fill of the basin. We also included the effect of Neogene extensional tectonics along the eastern basin margin, which is related to the opening of the Valencia Trough. We show the suitability of the 3-D lithospheric-scale flexural modelling approach to the study of NE Iberia. Modelling results point to a relatively strong lithosphere in this area, with values of effective elastic thickness ranging from 10 to 35 km in the Ebro Basin, increasing towards the Pyrenees. We also find that the topographic (tectonic) load itself is insufficient to explain the observed basement deflection. Thus an extra sub-surface load beneath the Pyrenees, corresponding to the underthrusted Iberian lithosphere, is required. The effect of lithospheric stretching in the Valencia Trough on the Ebro Basin is appreciable only in its eastern part, where the lithosphere was uplifted. This had considerable repercussions on the sedimentary and erosional regime of the Ebro Basin. We have analysed the link between the stretching-related, tectonically uplifted areas and the erosional patterns observed onshore northeast Iberia.

We study the critical behavior of an Ising model on a simple cubic lattice with two free surfaces using the Monte Carlo method. The effect of both the ratio of surface to bulk coupling J s /J b , and the length to width ratio, r=L/D, are considered. The spontaneous magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility near the critical point are calculated for both the surface and the bulk. For sufficiently large ratio J s /J b , we find that the surface magnetizes at a higher temperature than the bulk, as has been reported previously

We present 13 patients with 15 episodes of colonic volvulus, who underwent colonoscopy to decompress and/or devolvulate. Colonoscopic exploration demonstrated a non obstructive dilatation in three cases. In the remaining 10 patients, with 12 episodes of volvulus, decompression was obtained in 83.3% and devoluvulation in 41.6%. There were two failures, due to peritoneal metastases and adhesions which fixed the volvulus. In 40% of the cases there were mild ischemic signs. Forty per cent of the patients were submitted to elective surgery and the two failures (20%) were operated in emergency. The remaining 4 patients declined surgical treatment. At is allows differential diagnosis, we think that, for these patients, colonoscopy should be the first therapeutic approach; it also allows decompression and/or devolvulation and an early diagnosis of the associated ischemia.