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Mentalizing and emotion recognition are impaired in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). It is not clear whether these abilities are also disturbed in other conditions with prominent frontal lobe involvement, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Our aim was to investigate social cognition (facial emotion recognition, recognition of social norms violation and mentalizing) in bvFTD and PSP. The neural basis of these functions in PSP and bvFTD groups, by analysis of structural neuroimaging, were also investigated. Twenty-three bvFTD patients, 21 PSP patients and 23 healthy controls were included. All participants underwent 3T brain MRI and a full cognitive exam including the short version of Social and Emotional Assessment (Mini-SEA), which is composed of a facial emotion recognition test (FERT) and the faux pas test. Two components of the faux pas test were distinguished: a score assessing the recognition of social norms violation and a score assessing mentalizing. Compared to controls, bvFTD and PSP patients had significantly reduced scores in all tests of social cognition but did not differ on these measures. PSP and bvFTD had cerebral atrophy in critical regions for social cognition processes, when compared to controls. The cortical correlates of emotion recognition partially overlapped in bvFTD and PSP, with correlations retrieved within the frontal medial cortex, cingulate, insula and limbic structures. PSP and bvFTD patients also displayed similar patterns of brain correlations for the composite score of social norms, with a significant cluster in anterior temporal lobes. Mentalizing scores were associated with frontal and temporal poles bilaterally, in both bvFTD and PSP. These findings support previous observations that PSP patients exhibit impairment in complex cognitive abilities, such as mentalizing. Moreover, these data extend previous findings showing that PSP and bvFTD share key clinical, cognitive and neuroimaging features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ACE‐R is an accurate and brief cognitive battery for the detection of mild dementia, especially for the discrimination between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. The aim of this study was to develop a new logarithm based on discriminative items of the ACE‐R combined with relevant demographic characteristics that may interfere on cognition. Method: The ACE‐R was administered to 102 patients with mild dementia due to probable AD and 161 controls from two Brazilian research centers. All individuals were submitted to the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and the ACE‐R. The performance of the patients was compared and analyzed. Mokken scaling analysis was applied to identify the latent trait on the AD Group. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were carried out. Result: Mean ± SD total scores in the ACE‐R were 70.2 ± 10.8 in AD and 85.1 ± 8.2 in controls. AD Mokken ACE‐R (AMokACE‐R) comprises 12 items measuring the same latent concept. Logistic regression with cross‐validation pointed that AMokACE‐R + Years of education + ACE‐R items Orientation (time) and Memory (name and address recall) share importance as independent variables (p<0.05). The proposed logarithm reached an area under the curve of 0.968, with 93% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 90% PPV and 95% NPV. Conclusion: The new logarithm using the ACE‐R items achieved high diagnostic accuracy in identifying mild AD versus controls. Furthermore, the final ROC curves showed the superiority of the model proposed in relation to the analysis of the subscales individually, as the literature previously reported. Further analysis in larger samples, with biomarkers or pathological confirmation, are necessary to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The relationship between the Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and cognition has not been widely investigated in low- to middle-income countries. We investigated the relationship between MIND diet and cognition in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) baseline data.Methods: We included 11,788 participants. MIND diet adherence was based on the intake of 15 components according to a food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the association between MIND diet adherence and global cognition, memory, and executive function using adjusted linear regression. We examined the interaction between income and MIND diet adherence on cognition and presented income stratified analyses.Results: MIND diet adherence was not associated with cognition in the whole sample. Income was an effect modifier of MIND adherence on global cognition (P=0.03) and executive function (P<0.001). For participants with high income, greater adherence was associated with better executive function [β=0.015, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.002; 0.028, P=0.025]; while for participants with low income, greater adherence was associated with lower global cognition (β=-0.020, 95% CI=-0.036; -0.005, P=0.010) and executive function (β=-0.023, 95% CI=-0.039; -0.007, P=0.004). Adherence to the MIND diet was higher among participants with high income (P<0.001).Conclusion: For high-income participants, greater adherence was associated with better cognitive performance; for low-income participants, greater adherence was associated with lower cognitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Synaptophysin, already related to X‐linked intellectual disability, is expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Studies in humans indicate that the downregulation of synaptophysin could be involved in the development of dementia. Our study presents the first familial case of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia associated with the co‐occurrence of the repeat expansion in C9orf72 and a pathogenic variant in the SYP gene. Methods: Exome sequencing and repeat‐primed PCR for C9orf72 were performed for two siblings with clinical and imaging findings suggestive of slowly progressive behavioral frontotemporal dementia. Results: We found that both siblings have the hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72 and a null variant in the SYP gene. The most affected sibling presents the putative variant in a hemizygous state. With milder symptoms, his sister has the same pathogenic variant in heterozygosis, compatible with X‐linked inheritance. Discussion: Our results strengthened previous suggestive evidence that the phenotypes associated with C9orf72 repeat expansion are variable and probably influenced by additional genetic modifiers. We hypothesized that the pathogenic variant in the SYP gene might have modified the typical phenotype associated with the C9orf72 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Persistence of symptoms or development of new symptoms after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is an increasingly recognized problem and the long‐term post‐COVID‐19 outcome and the effects on cognitive function remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the long‐term cognitive effects and impacts of COVID‐19 with a special focus on a population with low education and low socioeconomic status. Method: Cross‐sectional cognitive assessment of participants with severe forms of Covid‐19 one year after hospital admission. Until now, 187 of 322 patients underwent TICS‐M for brief telephone cognitive screening one year after hospitalization for COVID‐19 in 3 public hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. This sample was divided into two groups according to scores on the TICS‐M screening test: with or without cognitive impairment. 26 participants were selected by convenience for neuropsychiatric assessment, namely 13 with abnormal TICS‐M scores (cases) and the other 13 controls. They were submitted to the following tests and scales: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised (ACE‐R), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT‐IR), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Events Scale‐Revised (IES‐R). Result: There were no significant differences between groups for age, sex, educational level, need for intensive care unit or use of anticholinergics or sedatives. Although the comparison of SDMT between the groups showed no statistical difference (p = 0.999), all participants showed lower performance compared to normative data. Cases presented lower scores than controls in ACE‐R total (p = 0.034) and in the subdomains Attention and Orientation (p = 0.002), as well as in delayed total recall of the FCSRT‐IR (p = 0.039). Moreover, participants with lower HAD‐D scores had worst performance in Attention and Orientation subdomains of the ACE‐R (p = 0.003). Conclusion: Our study shows impairment in global cognition, attention, orientation and episodic memory in individuals previously hospitalized for COVID‐19 infection who presented low scores on TICS‐M. Performance in processing speed tests was impaired among both groups in relation to normative data. Cognitive and mood analyses after COVID‐19 infection can provide information for improving healthcare of these individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Irisin is a adipomyokine involved with neuroprotective properties. • Levels of irisin were correlated with the concentration of IL-6 in bvFTD. • Levels of irisin were correlated with the concentration of TNF in bvFTD. Irisin is a recently discovered adipomyokine involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid, which also exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Here we aimed to compare irisin peripheral levels between individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and cognitively healthy matched controls, in addition to investigating whether there is a correlation between irisin and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF) concentrations. Twenty-nine individuals participated in this study, being 18 patients with probable bvFTD and 11 controls. Irisin, IL-6 and TNF levels were measured in EDTA plasma through ELISA. There was no difference of the levels of irisin between the groups (p = 0.964). However, in the bvFTD, but not in control group, the levels of irisin were positively correlated with the concentration of IL-6 (r = 0.637, p = 0.006) and TNF (r = 0.517, p = 0.034). The results suggest that the production of irisin in bvFTD could be related to chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative states in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Education level is a well established modifiable risk factor for dementia prevention. Aiming to improve cognitive reserve and reduce dementia risk in vulnerable populations in Brazil, we created a literacy training program targeting low educated and illiterate adults. In this study, we intend to analyze how executive functioning and cognitive heterogeneity may interfere in the program's effectiveness. Method: 130 adults attending classes for adult education were screened and 108 met inclusion criteria. The group was divided into control (regular classes, n = 51) and intervention (regular classes + program targeting literacy training) (n = 57). In addition to answering clinical and education history questions, all the subjects underwent an extensive neuropsychological assessment at baseline and at follow up (after six months of intervention), measuring global cognition, executive functioning (EF), memory and language. Result: 77 subjects completed all the assessments at the end of the study. Mean age (years) was 59.0 (±9.17), mean education level (years) 2 (±2.18), 79.2% women and 89.6% Blacks. No significant differences were found between control and intervention groups improvement on reading abilities (reading accuracy of isolated words) at follow up. Considering abandonment reasons of formal education in childhood, subjects with childhood history of learning disability (CHLD) had less improvement on reading abilities at follow‐up. The CHLD group also showed poorer performance on a composite score of EF tasks at baseline (F = 3.814, p = 0.021). EF level at baseline correlated with reading abilities at baseline (Spearman's rho = 0.659, p<0.001) and follow‐up (Spearman's rho = 0.703, p<0.001). Conclusion: Both control and intervention groups showed improvement on reading abilities, regardless of specific literacy training. EF seems to have an impact on reading skills progress. Subjects with CHLD currently display poorer EF and show very little improvement of reading skills, which might indicate an undiagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder (e.g. ADHD, dyslexia, dyscalculia): an uncared condition still harming cognitive reserve improvement to this day. Thus, there is greater risk of developing dementia. Inclusive learning environments must also be considered for low educated populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of education is a well established protective factor regarding dementia but not much is known as to the effect of literacy acquisition in adults. Therefore, our study aims to determine whether adults enrolled in late‐life literacy programs will improve memory and cognitive reserve and the role of socioeconomic status in learning. Method: 108 illiterate adults were enrolled and 77 completed the assessments. For SES, only participants living in Belo Horizonte with a verifiable address were included (68). The intervention group had 34 participants that received intensive literacy training, while the 34 controls attended regular classes for six months. SES was based on the Quality of Urban Living Index (QULI) of 2016 created by the municipal council and the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of 2010 made by Atlas Brasil. The instruments used were Rodrigues et al, 2015 list of words and pseudowords to assess reading and Beta III matrix reasoning for non‐verbal reasoning. Result: Participants lived in 14 different regions of Belo Horizonte, 32 in areas with a low QULI and 36 within a high QULI. When using the HDI classification, 29 had medium MHDI, 25 had high MHDI and 14 very‐high MHDI. In regards to reading, people from low QULI areas went from reading on average 20.86 to 22.26 words and 4.21 to 5.13 pseudowords. Participants from high QULI regions went from an average of 22.14 to 25.08 words and 5.56 pseudowords to 6.86. One‐way ANOVA showed a significant effect of MHDI on post‐test Beta III scores, F (2, 37.5) = 3.64, p = 0.03. Post Hoc comparisons using Games‐Howell test indicated that the average score in high MHDI (M = 6.24, SD = 2.26) were significantly better than those with medium MHDI (M = 4.63, SD = 2.14), but no significant difference was found between high and very high or very high to medium MHDI. Conclusion: Participants from all groups improved during the assessments. However, it was also possible to see that SES has a role to play in the extent of this improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil has a population of 11 million illiterate individuals. This percentage among Brazilians over 60 equals 18%. In view of this, researchers from the Colleges of Medicine and Education from Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil, created Alfabetização e Memória (PROAME) – a project that investigates the relations of late literacy with adults' psychosocial health. The analysis carried out associated the variables of mental and social health to the literacy process, taking into account memory and language aspects. Method: This study evaluated 130 illiterate adults living in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 108 participants fitted all criteria and agreed to undergo this survey. There were 31 men (28,4%) and 78 women (71,5%); their average age was 58,5 (±9,6). Regarding race, 91% were black/brown (83,4%), 11 were white (10,1%) and 1 was indigenous (0,1%). 80 of those participants completed all clinical evaluations, interviews and pedagogical diagnoses before and after our intervention through a period of 7 months. The goal was to qualitatively analyze the participants' discourse, focusing on evidence of the improvement of their autonomy. This was done by associating aspects from occupational engagement to the so‐called social literacy, which consist in the practical application of reading and writing on previously illiterate adults. Result: The average age of the participants who completed the evaluations was 58,9 (±9,1), and 64 of them were women (80,0%). Both the interviews (made before and after our intervention) and the pedagogic report of 15 random individuals were analyzed. The results show progress in: their engagement in meaningful activities of daily life; their autonomy, sociability and self esteem; their use of technological applications; their occupational repertoire and their reading and writing abilities. Conclusion: A pedagogical intervention made up by specific reading and writing activities, carried out with illiterate adults during 6 months, resulted in benefits for the participants. However, in face of the high illiteracy levels in Brazil, it is necessary a broader engagement in developing studies and literacy programs for adults as political, educational and health goals. By raising the literacy levels, we expect to guarantee the rights of marginalized individuals in Brazilian society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Formal education acquired early in life protects against dementia, but whether acquiring education later in life can decrease dementia risk is less clear. Episodic memory impairment is one of the first symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether a late life literacy training delivered to illiterate adults could improve episodic memory as a mechanism of cognitive reserve enhancement, eventually contributing to prevent dementia in this population. Methods: We ran a clinical trial with 108 illiterate adults cognitively healthy allocated into two groups at baseline: the intervention group (n = 57) that attended classes focused on learning how to read and write and the control group (n = 51), that attended regular classes (not focused on literacy training), for 6 months. We used the Free and Cued Selective Reminding (FCSRT) test to evaluate the episodic memory. Participants also underwent a thorough neuropsychological investigation and rsfMRI. The primary outcome measure was defined as the change in the free recall sum‐of attempts scores of the FCSRT. We used linear mixed effect models to calculate the change over time and between the intervention and control groups controlling for age and sex. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04473235 Results: Seventy seven participants completed the study. The control group had 38 participants aged 58.5 ±8.5 years, being 78.9 women and 92.1 Blacks. The intervention group had 39 participants aged 59.6 ±9.7 years, 79.5 women and 87.1 Blacks, with no significant differences in demographics between groups. Participants improved their episodic memory over time (FCSRT free recall sum of attempts: F = 21.5, p<0.001, FCSRT delayed recall: F = 27.1, p<0.001 and FCSRT efficacy: F = 26.2, p<0.001, but with no difference between the control and the intervention groups. The rsfMRI measurements are under analysis. Conclusion: Attending a late life literacy program in adulthood improved episodic memory, regardless of whether the intervention was focused on learning how to read and write or just attending regular classes. The results shed light into a possible low cost tool to increase cognitive reserve through improving episodic memory, eventually preventing dementia in vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multidomain lifestyle interventions hold great promise world‐wide as interventions to slow cognitive aging, and delay and prevent Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (ADRD). To have the greatest reach, they must be tailored for and assessed within local cultures in clinical trials. For trials to have the greatest impact, it's important that they are designed with common features that promote comparisons and potential harmonization. Method: World‐Wide FINGERS was launched in 2017 as a global network of multidomain lifestyle intervention trials to adapt, test, and optimize multidomain lifestyle intervention trials in regions worldwide. Two participating trials, the Latin American Initiative for Lifestyle Intervention to Prevent Cognitive Decline (LatAm‐FINGERS) and the U.S. Study to Protect Brain Health through Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Risk (U.S. POINTER) have collaborated to promote harmonization to support joint initiatives. This presentation is organized to describe, in parallel, their study protocols, and cohort characteristics, and demonstrate how cross‐trial collaboration may expand the impact of individual trials. Result: The trials have overlapping aims, eligibility criteria, interventions, and assessment protocols. LatAm‐FINGERS and U.S. POINTER will enroll 1,200 and 2,000 participants, respectively. Table 1 describes sample characteristics. The samples of the two studies share similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with a few exceptions. In U.S. POINTER, there is a larger proportion of participants with a family history of memory impairment and physical inactivity, and a higher frequency of White participants. Additionally, mild memory impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating = 0.5) is more common in LatAm‐FINGERS participants. Conclusion: Harmonization of LatAm‐FINGERS and U.S. POINTER protocols provides unique opportunities for collaborative science for identifying effective strategies to promote cognitive resilience and reduce risks for Alzheimer's disease, and significantly expand the potential for scientific investigation in diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: LatAm‐FINGERS is the first non‐pharmacological multicenter randomized clinical trial to prevent cognitive impairment in Latin America (LA). The trial congregates the effort of 12 Countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Uruguay. The main aim is to investigate the feasibility of a 24‐month multi‐domain lifestyle intervention and its efficacy on the cognition of 1200 participants. Method: Recruitment strategies differed across countries and regions because they were adapted to the idiosyncrasies of the local populations. Recruitment from medical center databases was found insufficient to provide a diverse cohort. Alternative strategies included social media posts with infographics and videos. A novel and successful strategy was in‐person talks in local city halls and local nongovernmental organizations for older adults. The use of positive colloquial language was found to be much more effective in reaching underserved populations than scientific language (e.g., focusing on brain health vs. clinical trials). A significant recruitment source in low‐income regions of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador was the promotion within non‐Catholic religious organizations. Appealing to the religious leaders' endorsement was crucial for generating trust and interest in different communities. In Mexico, one successful recruitment strategy involved performing physical exercises in local parks in low‐income neighborhoods to demonstrate the intervention in‐vivo, which attracted interested people from the area. Overall, in‐person contact with participants and time dedicated to explaining the trial's rationale in lay language was the most important strategy. Result: As of January 2023, we have enrolled 948 participants in the study. The mean (SD) age is 67.5 (4.8) years, 75% are female, the level of education is 12.6 (3.8) years, and the MMSE score is 27.3 (1.7). To date, 58% of the population self‐reports as mestizo (mixed race), and 28% as Caucasian. Other ethnicities represented include Native American (1.5%), Mulato (5%), Black (2%), Asian (0.7%), and other (5%). Conclusion: The LatAm‐FINGERS trial recruited participants from a wide range of diverse populations. Our results support that using tailored and idiosyncratic strategies is decisive in reaching different communities and ensuring the representativeness of the study sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic has been a major challenge for the health system in the past years. From March 2020 until 2022 there were extensive lockdowns in Latin America to ensure physical distance and reduce virus transmission. Previous studies reported the negative impact of social isolation on people living with dementia, however, the impact on caregivers has been little studied so far. This study analyses the mental impact of the pandemic time on caregivers of people with dementia. Method: In order to evaluate clinical and behavioral changes from the prior assessment conducted in 2020 with people with dementia and their family caregivers, a 1‐year follow‐up phone study was conducted with the same sample from the previous research. Participants from Chile were assessed by two semi‐structured questionnaires. Results: 106 caregivers of patients with dementia were interviewed during the year 2020 (age: 73.3 ± 9.5 years; female: 57%). After one year of follow‐up, 61 caregivers were contacted. Compared to baseline, after one year of follow‐up, 75% % of the caregivers reported worse physical and mental health (p:0.028), 56% more sadness associated with patient care (p:0.001); 93% reduced sleeping time (p:0.07) and 51% received more help to care the patient with dementia (p:0.036). Results are reported in table 1. Conclusion: Although the caregiver had more daily assistance in 2021 compared with 2020, the pandemic time had a negative impact on their physical and psychological health. Even if these results might be explained by the normal evolution of dementia, the follow‐up results did not show a significant behavioral change in the person with dementia, and so the changes in the caregiver might be more a consequence of the pandemic rather than exclusively the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms is estimated to be equal to or higher than the prevalence of depressive symptoms in family carers of people with dementia. However, anxiety is currently somehow neglected in the carer literature. Previous studies demonstrated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is effective for treating anxiety symptoms in family carers of people with dementia, but these studies were mainly conducted in developed countries. The current study explored the effectiveness of an ACT group intervention on the anxiety symptoms in Brazilian family carers of people with dementia. Method: A single‐centre, unblinded, double‐arm exploratory randomised trial was conducted. Fifty‐seven family carers of people with dementia presenting with mild to severe anxiety symptoms were randomised to the intervention group (n = 29) or waiting list group (n = 28). The intervention group received eight weekly sessions of Group ACT, delivered through videoconference. Participants completed the measure of anxiety and depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, psychological flexibility and quality of life at Week 0, Week 9 and Week 20. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate whether there was a significant difference in scores between the intervention and control groups, at week 9 and week 20, while controlling for the baseline scores using both intention‐to‐treat and completers data analyses. Result: Participants were mostly women, from low‐ to middle‐income socioeconomic levels, with a mean age of 52 years and median education of 15 years. Participants in the intervention group had lower scores of anxiety and depression symptoms compared to participants in the control condition at weeks 9 and 20 in both the intention‐to‐treat and completer analyses. Only participants who attended six or more sessions (i.e. completer sample) demonstrated reduced caregiver burden at both follow‐up points. The completer sample also showed improvement in quality of life at week 9. The results did not show any effect of the intervention on psychological flexibility. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the use of group ACT, delivered through videoconference, with family carers of people with dementia to help them cope better with anxiety and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ACE‐R is an accurate and brief cognitive battery for the detection of mild dementia, especially for the discrimination between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). The aim of this study was to develop a logarithm based on discriminative items of the ACE‐R for AD combined with relevant demographic characteristics that may help to differentiate AD from bvFTD. Method: The ACE‐R was administered to 102 patients with mild dementia due to probable AD and 37 patients with mild bvFTD from two Brazilian research centers. All individuals were submitted to the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and the ACE‐R. The performance of the patients was compared and analyzed. Mokken scaling analysis was applied to identify the latent trait on the AD Group, and later, multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were carried out to assess the ACE‐R's ability to discriminate AD and bvFTD. Result: Mean ± SD total scores in the ACE‐R were 70.2 ± 10.8 in AD and 72.2 in bvFTD. AD Mokken ACE‐R (MokACE‐R‐AD) comprises 12 items measuring the same latent concept. In our sample, logistic regression with cross‐validation pointed that MokACE‐R‐AD, Age, Male sex, and items Orientation to time and location and the item of Memory (name and address recall) share importance as independent variables (p<0.05) to differentiate AD from bvFTD. The proposed logarithm reached an area under the ROC curve of 0.922, with 88% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 71% PPV and 96% NPV. Conclusion: The new logarithm using the ACE‐R items achieved high diagnostic accuracy in identifying mild AD versus bvFTD. Furthermore, the final ROC curves showed the superiority of the model proposed in relation to the analysis of the subscales individually or the VLOM ratio, as the literature previously reported. Further analysis in larger samples, with biomarkers or pathological confirmation, are necessary to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately 55 million people live with dementia, and 10 million cases are diagnosed each year worldwide (1). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and accounts for 60% ‐ 70% of reported cases (1). MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that present highly conserved sequences, involved in gene modulation and several molecular mechanisms (2). The miRNAs can be found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and they are potential biomarkers for AD diagnosis (3). This study aimed to perform a systematic review about the expression of miRNAs in the CSF of AD patients compared to cognitive controls and carry out an analysis of the biological pathways regulated by these miRNAs Method: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, Embase and gray literature, including observational studies that evaluated patients with AD and healthy individuals, which evaluated the miRNA expression in CSF. To verify the main signaling pathways regulated by the miRNAs, the software Gene Cards was used (table 1). Result: 2060 studies were retrieved and, after removing duplicates and reading titles, abstracts and full text, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. We identified 171 differentially expressed miRNAs between AD and controls. Among them, the miRNAs ‐125b, ‐125‐5p, ‐138‐5p and ‐485‐5p presented differentiated expression between the groups commonly in these studies. The evaluation of signaling pathways showed that regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, and gene silencing, are regulated by these miRNAs. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the miRNAs ‐125b, ‐125‐5p, ‐138‐5p and ‐485‐5p are involved in AD‐related biological pathways and are potential CSF biomarkers to AD diagnosis. 1. DEMENTIA. World Health Organization, 2022. Available at: . Access at 21 jan. 2023. 2. CORREIA DE SOUSA, Marta et al. Deciphering miRNAs' action through miRNA editing. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 20, n. 24, p. 6249, 2019. 3. TAKOUSIS, Petros et al. Differential expression of microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Alzheimer's & Dementia, v. 15, n. 11, p. 1468‐1477, 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)