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La irrupción de la COVID-19 en una sociedad que Toyo Ito define como “digital y abierta de limites difusos”, ha provocado una reacción inmunitaria opuesta de precisas fronteras sin que por ello se haya dejado de estar hiperconectados. Esta cohabitación de lo viral y lo neuronal, utilizando términos empleados por Chul Han para definir estos extremos, solo puede encontrar acomodo en una estructura de realidad hibrida que podríamos denominar paradigma paradójico. “Menos es más” fue el oxímoron que definió la arquitectura moderna, un binomio plausible de términos antagónicos, presente en muchas de las expresiones forzadas que fundamentaron las profundas transformaciones que renovaron la cultura del siglo XX. Un periodo convulso y contradictorio donde incertidumbre y miedo lo emparentan con la actual pandemia que nos azota. Entender este mecanismo radical y productivo abre otros caminos para redefinir las nuevas formas de habitar en contextos indeterminados y vulnerables como nos esperan en la era postCOVID. Desde la crisis del modelo de alta densidad de la ciudad actual hasta el manejo de los espacios de confinamiento y distanciamiento que configuraran la vivienda en esta dualidad de agrupaciones de habitaciones autónomas, términos como COaVitación, centrar-descentrar espacios educativos y sociosanitarios, serán, en suma, relaciones de opuestos que marquen esta arquitectura paradójica en sintonía con la nueva normalidad.

We present a codex of the late fifteenth Century that partially contains the text of the Ordenanzas generales de Ávila approved in 1487. It is a manuscript that, despite not having been completely preserved, offers several attractions: the main one of them is a series of completely unknown dispositions, which will allow to fully recover these Ordenanzas. We present here a description of the manuscript and its textual content. Next, we outline a comparative analysis of the different testimonies and finally we draw the guidelines for an edition of the full text.

In this work we offer the edition of a new testimony of the Diálogo entre Gil y Pelayo, interesting political satire attributed to the Count of Villamediana. It contains readings that differ from those of other manuscripts, as well as stanzas and unpublished verses that could be, totally or partially, Villamediana’s originals.

En 1857, la historiadora del arte Elisabeth Eastlake escribía el primer ensayo crítico conocido hasta la fecha, sobre la dimensión histórica y estética de la fotografía en el marco del debate sobre la artisticidad de la fotografía y su lugar en las artes. Consciente y sorprendida respecto al modo en que la fotografía estaba alterando las formas tradicionales de representar al mundo, intentó arrojar algo de luz sobre el futuro del nuevo arte. Incluso, tranquilizar al público más conservador e ilustrado con un texto en el que proclamaba públicamente que el verdadero, revolucionario y experimental potencial de la fotografía residía en su versatilidad para representar el presente. Este artículo centra su interés en esta aportación al debate Arte/Fotografía y analiza el contenido de este ensayo pionero publicado en la revista de literaria y política Quaterly Review.

Metabolic control analysis (MCA) is a promising approach in biochemistry aimed at understanding processes in a quantitative fashion. Here the contribution of enzymes and transporters to the control of a given pathway flux and metabolite concentrations is determined and expressed quantitatively by means of numerical coefficients. Metabolic flux can be influenced by a wide variety of modulators acting on one or more metabolic steps along the pathway. We describe a laboratory exercise to study metabolic regulation of human erythrocytes (RBCs). Within the framework of MCA, students use these cells to determine the sensitivity of the glycolytic flux to two inhibitors (iodoacetic acid: IA, and iodoacetamide: IAA) known to act on the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase. Glycolytic flux was estimated by determining the concentration of extracellular lactate, the end product of RBC glycolysis. A low-cost colorimetric assay was implemented, that takes advantage of the straightforward quantification of the absorbance signal from the photographic image of the multi-well plate taken with a standard digital camera. Students estimate flux response coefficients for each inhibitor by fitting an empirical function to the experimental data, followed by analytical derivation of this function. IA and IAA exhibit qualitatively different patterns, which are thoroughly analyzed in terms of the physicochemical properties influencing their action on the target enzyme. IA causes highest glycolytic flux inhibition at lower concentration than IAA. This work illustrates the feasibility of using the MCA approach to study key variables of a simple metabolic system, in the context of an upper level biochemistry course.

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A logotype is a rectangular region defined by a set of characteristics, which come from the pixel information and region shape, that differ from those of the text. In this paper, a new method for automatic logo detection is proposed and tested using the public Tobacco800 database. Our method outputs a set of regions from an official document with a high probability to contain a logo using a new approach based on the variation of the feature rectangles method available in the literature. Candidate regions were computed using the longest increasing run algorithm over the document blank lines' indices. Those regions were further refined by using a feature-rectangle-expansion method with forward checking, where the rectangle expansion can occur in parallel in each region. Finally, a C4.5 decision tree was trained and tested against a set of 1291 official documents to evaluate its performance. The strategic combination of the three previous steps offers a precision and recall for logo detention of 98.9% and 89.9%, respectively, being also resistant to noise and low-quality documents. The method is also able to reduce the processing area of the document while maintaining a low percentage of false negatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we propose a score-informed source separation framework based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and dynamic time warping (DTW) that suits for both offline and online systems. The proposed framework is composed of three stages: training, alignment, and separation. In the training stage, the score is encoded as a sequence of individual occurrences and unique combinations of notes denoted as score units. Then, we proposed a NMF-based signal model where the basis functions for each score unit are represented as a weighted combination of spectral patterns for each note and instrument in the score obtained from a trained a priori over-completed dictionary. In the alignment stage, the time-varying gains are estimated at frame level by computing the projection of each score unit basis function over the captured audio signal. Then, under the assumption that only a score unit is active at a time, we propose an online DTW scheme to synchronize the score information with the performance. Finally, in the separation stage, the obtained gains are refined using local low-rank NMF and the separated sources are obtained using a soft-filter strategy. The framework has been evaluated and compared with other state-of-the-art methods for single channel source separation of small ensembles and large orchestra ensembles obtaining reliable results in terms of SDR and SIR. Finally, our method has been evaluated in the specific task of acoustic minus one, and some demos are presented.

Introduction: Loneliness is the lack of company, implies the lack of contact with other people. Due to scientific advances in the health field, the average age has increased and care in the elderly is increasingly important to avoid loneliness and the problems it can cause in their health. Objectives: To analyze the process of assessing the situation of loneliness in the elderly population by health professionals and describe those nursing interventions that contribute to the improvement in this situation. Material and methods: Bibliographic review in the main scientific databases of articles in English and Spanish in the last five years. The PICO question has been raised about the care of the elderly and loneliness. The number of articles consulted has been 21. In addition, the SACYL service portfolio and the NNN Consult search engine have been reviewed. Results: The use of different scales, OARS, UCLA, Gijón or Philadelphia, together with needs assessment models, allow early detection of loneliness in the elderly and therefore carry out prevention activities. The NIC Nurse Intervention Classification includes nursing interventions in line with NANDA Nurses Diagnoses appropriate to the results we expect to obtain from loneliness in the elderly. Conclusions: The health personnel is key in the detection of loneliness in the elderly through the use of the different means that the health system makes available to them. Detecting it early avoids other health problems that occur because of it.

Ofrecemos la edición de un poema de Francisco Antonio de Castro, compuesto hacia comienzos del siglo XVIII, que se inspira en el episodio clásico de la Venus de Cnido y el sacrílego amante. El hecho de abordar el tema del pigmalionismo lo convierte en un caso singular dentro de la lírica española del Bajo Barroco. El texto, además, pone de manifiesto la influencia que tuvieron en Castro ciertas lecturas, concretamente las Bizzarrie accademiche de Giovan Francesco Loredano.

Transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) spontaneously develop liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), within a year. The preneoplastic liver pathology in these mice recapitulates that observed in humans at high risk of developing hepatic cancer. Although increased expression of galectin 1 (GAL1) in liver tissue is associated with HCC aggressiveness, a link between this glycan-binding protein and hormone-related tumor development has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated GAL1 expression during liver tumor progression in mice continuously exposed to high levels of GH. GAL1 expression was determined by Western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the liver of transgenic mice overexpressing GH. Animals of representative ages at different stages of liver pathology were studied. GAL1 expression was upregulated in the liver of GH-transgenic mice. This effect was observed at early ages, when animals displayed no signs of liver disease or minimal histopathological alterations and was also detected in young adults with preneoplastic liver pathology. Remarkably, GAL1 upregulation was sustained during aging and its expression was particularly enhanced in liver tumors. GH also induced hepatic GAL1 expression in mice that were treated with this hormone for a short period. Moreover, GH triggered a rapid increment in GAL1 protein expression in human HCC cells, denoting a direct effect of the hormone on hepatocytes. Therefore, our results indicate that GH upregulates GAL1 expression in mouse liver, which may have critical implications in tumorigenesis. These findings suggest that this lectin could be implicated in hormone-driven liver carcinogenesis.

Introducción. La incidencia de lesiones traumáticas del páncreas es baja debido a su localización retroperitoneal, y las lesiones aisladas son excepcionales debido a la proximidad del páncreas a otros órganos y estructuras vasculares. Caso clínico. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 21 años con lesión aislada del páncreas tras traumatismo abdominal cerrado, que precisó manejo quirúrgico. Discusión. Las lesiones pancreáticas aisladas secundarias a traumatismo son raras, pero debemos tenerlas en cuenta en un paciente politraumatizado. Su diagnóstico precoz y manejo adecuado son cruciales para evitar el desarrollo de complicaciones.

Abnormally increased signaling by the GTPase RAP1 favors progression of diverse tumors. We have characterized the auto-regulation and activation of C3G (RAPGEF1), an activator of RAP1. This led us to discover mutations in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas that activate C3G-RAP1 constitutively, suggesting that deregulation of C3G may favor the dissemination of tumor cells.

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are incentive-based instruments that provide conditional economic incentives for natural resources management. Research has shown that when economic incentives are parachuted into rural communities, participation and benefits are collectively negotiated and shared. However, we know little about how benefit-sharing evolves over time in community-based PES. To address this gap, we examine distributional justice in four communities of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, which participate in a PES programme, and we assess how local justice principles compare with the programme’s goals. Our analysis reveals patterns of both continuity and change in how communities share PES benefits, which reflect a suite of contradictory justice principles, including entitlement, merit, need, and equality. The studied communities distribute PES benefits by providing differentiated compensation to diverse groups of landholders via private cash payments, whilst also attending non-landed community members through public infrastructure investments. We show that benefit-sharing is strongly influenced by pre-existing land tenure features and associated norms, which in the study area include three different types of individual and common-property. Yet, we also show that communities continuously adjust benefit-sharing arrangements to navigate distributional challenges emerging from programme engagement. Overall, we provide novel insights on the evolution, diversity, and complexity of distributive justice in community-based PES and we advocate for a context-sensitive, nuanced, and dynamic account of justice in incentive-based conservation.

Damos a conocer un fragmento de códice litúrgico, copiado hacia finales del siglo XII o los primeros años del XIII, que contiene parcialmente las lecciones de maitines para el Oficio de San Clemente, y cuyos textos se tomaron de la pasión de este santo según la versión contenida en el Pasionario Hispánico. También contiene diversos cantos litúrgicos y textos musicales con notación aquitana.

Loss of brain glutathione has been associated with cognitive decline and neuronal death during aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether decreased glutathione precedes or follows neuronal dysfunction has not been unambiguously elucidated. Previous attempts to address this issue were approached by fully eliminating glutathione, a strategy causing abrupt lethality or premature neuronal death that led to multiple interpretations. To overcome this drawback, here we aimed to moderately decrease glutathione content by genetically knocking down the rate-limiting enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis in mouse neurons in vivo. Biochemical and morphological analyses of the brain revealed a modest glutathione decrease and redox stress throughout the hippocampus, although neuronal dendrite disruption and glial activation was confined to the hippocampal CA1 layer. Furthermore, the behavioral characterization exhibited signs consistent with cognitive impairment. These results indicate that the hippocampal neurons require a large pool of glutathione to sustain dendrite integrity and cognitive function. Keywords: Neurons, Glutamate-cysteine ligase, Glutathione, In vivo knockdown, Dendrite disruption, Memory impairment

Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread malarial species, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Knowledge is limited regarding the molecular mechanism of invasion due to the lack of a continuous in vitro culture system for these species. Since protein–protein and host–cell interactions play an essential role in the microorganism’s invasion and replication, elucidating protein function during invasion is critical when developing more effective control methods. Nucleic acid programmable protein array (NAPPA) has thus become a suitable technology for studying protein–protein and host–protein interactions since producing proteins through the in vitro transcription/translation (IVTT) method overcomes most of the drawbacks encountered to date, such as heterologous protein production, stability and purification. Results Twenty P. vivax proteins on merozoite surface or in secretory organelles were selected and successfully cloned using gateway technology. Most constructs were displayed in the array expressed in situ, using the IVTT method. The Pv12 protein was used as bait for evaluating array functionality and co-expressed with P. vivax cDNA display in the array. It was found that Pv12 interacted with Pv41 (as previously described), as well as PvMSP142kDa, PvRBP1a, PvMSP8 and PvRAP1. Conclusions NAPPA is a high-performance technique enabling co-expression of bait and query in situ, thereby enabling interactions to be analysed rapidly and reproducibly. It offers a fresh alternative for studying protein–protein and ligand–receptor interactions regarding a parasite which is difficult to cultivate (i.e. P. vivax).