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Este texto apresenta alguns resultados da pesquisa que realizo sobre a reconfiguração dos circuitos comunicacionais na Linha 14 e na Linha 1 do metrô de Paris, as duas linhas da rede em que a condução dos trens é totalmente automatizada. A automação integral da condução trouxe consigo a introdução de um novo modelo organizacional que tende a se generalizar para todo o sistema e que implica uma redistribuição da presença humana, junto com a maquínica. Aqui examinamos as ressonâncias dessas mudanças nas primeiras interfaces que o usuário precisa construir, à entrada do metrô, para poder viajar. Tentamos elucidar as modalidades comunicativas que acompanham a divisão de trabalho particular entre humanos e máquinas que parece ter se estabelecido ali, em parte como resultado dessas interferências no meio sociotécnico do metrô.

The dynamic behavior of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is analyzed in the context of a modified Lotka-Volterra model. The interaction strength is determined by the difference of agent sizes: as the difference increases, the interaction is weaker. Competitive and cooperative scenarios are analyzed, showing clusters of agents in the stationary state. However, meantime in the competitive scenario the agent sizes are constrained to be non greater than the capacity value (beta = 1), in the cooperative scenario, they are allowed to exceed such capacity making clear the advantages of cooperation. The complex network representation is introduced in order to enhance the role of agent sizes and their one-on-one interactions in the dynamic behavior of the system.

Este artigo busca examinar os processos de comunicação e sociabilidade relacionados às práticas de exibição e espectação cinematográficas nos extintos cinemas de estação — como denominamos aqueles instalados ao longo da ferrovia — nos complexos multiplex e nos cineclubes localizados em bairros da região da Leopoldina, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Com apoio em conversas com moradores, observação participante e pesquisa em arquivos, procuramos explorar os usos que as pessoas fazem dos equipamentos de exibição. Investigamos como as variadas formas da presença do cinema nas ruas determinam certos tipos de ocupação e examinamos como estes contribuem para a produção da vida social nos bairros da Leopoldina.

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates chromatin structure and transcription driving epigenetic events. In particular, Parp1 is able to directly influence DNA methylation patterns controlling transcription and activity of Dnmt1. Here, we show that ADP-ribose polymer levels and Parp1 expression are noticeably high in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) when the bulk of DNA demethylation occurs during germline epigenetic reprogramming in the embryo. Notably, Parp1 activity is stimulated in PGCs even before its participation in the DNA damage response associated with active DNA demethylation. We demonstrate that PARP inhibition impairs both genome-wide and locus-specific DNA methylation erasure in PGCs. Moreover, we evidence that impairment of PARP activity causes a significant reduction of expression of the gene coding for Tet1 hydroxylases involved in active DNA demethylation. Taken together these results demonstrate new and adjuvant roles of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation during germline DNA demethylation and suggest its possible more general involvement in genome reprogramming.

Resumo: Neste trabalho analisamos as repercussões que a recente implementação de um novo sistema de bilhetagem eletrônica trouxe para o quotidiano dos usuários do metrô do Rio de Janeiro. A adoção de um sistema de bilhetagem envolve a escolha de uma tecnologia e a estipulação de um regime de cobrança. Ao acompanhar essa evolução tecnológia no metrô do Rio de Janeiro, exploramos como os usuários têm aprendido a abordar as novas interfaces com as máquinas automáticas e enfrentado as condições de pagamento que no mesmo golpe são impostas. Observamos como as ferramentas tecnológicas se acoplam a ações humanas tanto no que diz respeito à própria construção do novo sistema quanto à sociabilidade que se desenvolve no espaço tecnológico do metrô. Palavras-Chave: Tecnologia; Metrô (Rio de Janeiro); Sociabilidade Abstract: In this work we analyze the repercussions of the recently implemented fare collection system with smart cards in the Rio de Janeiro subway. The implementation of a fare collection system involves opting for a certain technology as well as stipulating a regime of fare charging. As we follow this technological evolution in the Rio de Janeiro subway, we observe how its riders learn to address the new interfaces with the automatic machines and to cope with the payment conditions which are at the same time imposed. We note, in this context, how the technological devices are coupled with human actions in the very construction of the new fare collection system as well as in the sociability that evolves in the technological space of the subway. Keywords: Technology; Subway (Rio de Janeiro); Sociability.

Neste texto tentamos elucidar as características de uma nova situação estratégica em que somos controlados em nome, paradoxalmente, da flexibilidade, da multiplicidade e até da diferença. O poder contemporâneo vem assimilando cada vez mais todo um repertório de palavras e ideias que se sabia provir de um pensamento ou de uma prática política de contestação. Nesse contexto, as tecnologias da informática e da cibernética, sobretudo em sua figura mais emblemática, a internet, têm desempenhado um papel importante. O texto indica que, inclusive para que possamos explorar as potencialidades criadoras dessas tecnologias, é crucial conhecer e fazer a crítica desse papel. Trata-se, apontamos, de aspectos do múltiplo que estão sendo mobilizados pelos novos poderes em diversos contextos, e que não necessariamente constituem, num sentido forte, multiplicidade.

Neste trabalho apontamos alguns componentes do espaço construído do metrô do Rio de Janeiro e exploramos algumas de suas características, mostrando o tipo de ocupação e as modalidades de comunicação que se produzem. Em seguida, nos detemos num desses componentes, os anúncios publicitários. Mostramos que há, nesse caso, um tratamento do espaço que privilegia o consumo em detrimento do direito de uso e procuramos elucidar as repercussões na sociabilidade que se desenvolve no metrô.

O problema do consumo se coloca para o transporte coletivo, a meu ver, da seguinte forma. É preciso distinguir o momento em que o usuário passa a cliente -- em que o passageiro não é tratado como alguém que tem direito de uso daquele transporte coletivo, mas como um consumidor -- de deslocamento e do que for possível consumir naquele contexto --, como cliente. É quando o direito de uso é substituído pelo fenômeno do consumo. Este pode até vir a ser chamado de direito, mas se observa que este direito tende a beneficiar menos as pessoas do que as empresas que lhes vendem algo, inclusive transporte. Tipicamente isso ocorre na situação de propriedade ou ao menos de operação privada dos transportes coletivos. Curiosamente, muitas vezes a “regulação” por parte do Estado -- da concessão, permissão ou outra modalidade de privatização -- é muito menos a guardiã do uso do que a garantidora desse consumo tomado como direito, não sem alguma distorção.

Aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in housekeeping gene promoters and widespread genome hypomethylation are typical events occurring in cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms behind these cancer-related changes in DNA methylation patterns are not well understood. Two questions are particularly important: (i) how are CpG islands protected from methylation in normal cells, and how is this protection compromised in cancer cells, and (ii) how does the genome-wide demethylation in cancer cells occur. The latter question is especially intriguing since so far no DNA demethylase enzyme has been found.Our data show that the absence of ADP-ribose polymers (PARs), caused by ectopic over-expression of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) in L929 mouse fibroblast cells leads to aberrant methylation of the CpG island in the promoter of the Dnmt1 gene, which in turn shuts down its transcription. The transcriptional silencing of Dnmt1 may be responsible for the widespread passive hypomethylation of genomic DNA which we detect on the example of pericentromeric repeat sequences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results show that in normal cells the Dnmt1 promoter is occupied by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated Parp1, suggesting that PARylated Parp1 plays a role in protecting the promoter from methylation.In conclusion, the genome methylation pattern following PARG over-expression mirrors the pattern characteristic of cancer cells, supporting our idea that the right balance between Parp/Parg activities maintains the DNA methylation patterns in normal cells. The finding that in normal cells Parp1 and ADP-ribose polymers localize on the Dnmt1 promoter raises the possibility that PARylated Parp1 marks those sequences in the genome that must remain unmethylated and protects them from methylation, thus playing a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression.

Neste trabalho investigamos a organização do trânsito e a ocupação das ruas em Nova York. Frequentemente numa perspectiva comparativa com o Rio de Janeiro.A configuração urbana de Nova York contrasta com a solução privatista que predomina nas cidades americanas. Contrasta tambem com a privatização da cidade que ocorre no Rio. O que se evidencia antes de tudo como uma singularidcide de Nova York é que ali o auge da experiência urbana coincide com a ocupação coletiva. Sugerimos que um dos fatores determinantes dessa coincidência é o predomínio da opção pelo público nas políticas de transporte e de trânsito.

No transporte coletivo urbano gera-se um espaço muito singular de comunicação. São desconhecidos, completamente estranhos uns aos outros, que se deslocam lado a lado. Essas pessoas, que um destino comum reuniu ali, vão se observar, vão despertar para as presenças em torno, vão se falar? No meio tenso das viagens de ônibus no Rio de Janeiro, o isolamento, o namoro, as interpelações agressivas, e ainda as conversas de ocasião preenchem um quotidiano muito interessante. Este artigo explora as condições da comunicação nesse contexto, apontando e descrevendo algumas características da conversação nas viagens.

Copyright of Cuadernos de Contabilidad is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Longer prehospital times were associated with increased odds for survival in trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected emergency medical services (EMS) prehospital times for trauma patients.Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared trauma patients transported via EMS to six US level I trauma centers admitted 1/1/19-12/31/19 (2019) and 3/16/20-6/30/20 (COVID-19). Outcomes included: total EMS pre-hospital time (dispatch to hospital arrival), injury to dispatch time, response time (dispatch to scene arrival), on-scene time (scene arrival to scene departure), and transportation time (scene departure to hospital arrival). Fisher's exact, chi-squared, or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used, alpha = 0.05. All times are presented as median (IQR) minutes.Results: There were 9400 trauma patients transported by EMS: 79% in 2019 and 21% during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were similar in demographics and transportation mode. Emergency room deaths were also similar between 2019 and COVID-19 [0.6% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.13].There were no differences between 2019 and during COVID-19 for total EMS prehospital time [44 (33, 63) vs. 43 (33, 62), p = 0.12], time from injury to dispatch [16 (6, 55) vs. 16 (7, 77), p = 0.41], response time [7 (5, 12) for both groups, p = 0.27], or on-scene time [16 (12-22) vs. 17 (12,22), p = 0.31]. Compared to 2019, transportation time was significantly shorter during COVID-19 [18 (13, 28) vs. 17 (12, 26), p = 0.01].Conclusion: The median transportation time for trauma patients was marginally significantly shorter during COVID-19; otherwise, EMS prehospital times were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fronteiras is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Global food insecurity persists despite continued international attention, necessitating evidence-based food assistance interventions that adequately address nutritional concerns. In June 2018, the US Agency for International Development's Office of Food for Peace through the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) project sponsored a "Food Assistance for Nutrition Evidence Summit" to share evidence relevant to policy and programmatic decision-making and to identify critical evidence gaps.Objective: This article presents 4 priority areas to advance nutrition in the international food assistance agenda generated through presentations and discussions with the food assistance community at the Evidence Summit.Methods: Priority areas were identified after the Evidence Summit using a combination of FAQR team discussions, review of presentations and official notes, and supporting literature.Results: Key priority areas to advance nutrition in the international food assistance agenda are as follows: (1) increase research funding for food assistance in all contexts, paying particular attention to emergency settings; (2) research and adopt innovative ingredients, technology, and delivery strategies in food assistance products and programs that encourage long-term well-being; (3) redefine and expand indicators of nutritional status to capture contextual information about the outcomes of food assistance interventions; and (4) augment communication and collaboration across the food assistance ecosystem.Conclusions: These priorities are critical in a time of increased humanitarian need and will be key to fostering long-term resilience among vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food aid is a valuable tool for meeting global nutrition goals, particularly for vulnerable populations of children and reproductive-aged women. On October 21, 2017, the Food Aid Quality Review Project hosted a scientific symposium at the 21st International Congress on Nutrition in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to take stock of what the global community has learned about selected topics in the research literature on food aid used to address malnutrition.Objective: This article presents the discussion that took place during the symposium, which was guided by presentations by 6 experts from the field of nutrition, food aid, and humanitarian response.Conclusion: The recent upsurge in research on food aid has advanced the collective knowledge of what food aid products and programs work for addressing nutrition, but there is much more to learn. Presentations in this symposium called for further inquiry on (1) different and novel food aid formulations, (2) the cost-effectiveness of products and programs, and (3) market-based approaches to food assistance. Continuing to expand the evidence base on these topics is critical to improving global nutrition programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High severity fires reduce microbial abundance and richness. • Bacterial communities recover faster than fungal communities after wildfires. • Impact of fire on microbial communities decrease with soil depth. • Fire increases the abundance of pyrophilous "fire-loving" fungi and bacteria. • Multiple disturbances have synergetic effects on reducing mycorrhizal richness. Lodgepole pine forests are under threat due to wildfires of increasing severity and frequency coupled with tree mortality from insect outbreaks. Soil microbial communities, which drive biogeochemical cycles and partner in mycorrhizal symbiosis with lodgepole pines, play critical roles in the ability of these forests to survive and regenerate in the face of simultaneous global change threats. How soil microbial communities are influenced by fire severity and soil depth and how they recover over time in lodgepole pine forests with existing insect-driven mortality remains an open question. Here, we sampled two soil depths (0–5 and 5–15 cm) and various burn severities across a ten-year wildfire chronosequence in the Southern Rocky Mountains. We used qPCR of 18S and 16S rRNA genes to assess changes in fungal and bacterial abundance and ITS2 and 16S amplicon sequencing to assess fungal and bacterial richness and composition. Our results show that: 1) higher severity fires led to larger reductions of both fungal and bacterial abundance and richness, 2) the impact of fire on fungal and bacterial communities was modulated by soil depth, with more severe impacts in shallower soils 3) both fungal and bacterial communities exhibit a partial recovery of abundance and species richness in older fires, 4) fire severity is the main driver of fungal and bacterial community structure but its effect varied across time, 5) pyrophilous "fire-loving" fungi and bacteria exhibit an increased abundance in burned plots, particularly in recent fires, and 6) symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi are particularly hard hit by the compound effect of the beetle-driven tree mortality and wildfires. They exhibit a consistently low abundance and richness in the high severity plots which did not recover over time, and unburned plots have a depauperated ectomycorrhizal community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The contribution of international technology innovation partnerships changes with transition stages. • Contributing to accelerating energy transitions requires that partnerships improve their cross-technology and cross-sectoral coordination. • This calls for a change in communication strategy to increase outreach to non-scientific audiences, including more multidisciplinary teams. • This also asks for organization of knowledge sharing activities that go beyond technical-hardware aspects to address the socio-technical system as a whole. • A broader geographical scope in country participation can contribute to fostering transitions globally, but it would need to happen on an equal-footing basis. International cooperation in technology innovation can help accelerate energy transitions globally. If they are to promote global systemic change, partnerships need to move beyond nurturing niches and increase their geographical reach. Moving beyond niches brings challenges for such international partnerships traditionally focused on technological-hardware innovation in advanced countries. Based on an analytical framework rooted in innovation and transition studies, this paper explores how international technology innovation partnerships can help accelerate transitions globally by conducting a unique empirical study of the almost five decades-old IEA Technology Collaboration Programmes (TCPs). Results suggest that well-established networks for knowledge diffusion, growing compatibility of activities with climate change mitigation goals, and increased global participation currently enable TCPs to contribute to the energy transition. Improving outreach to non-scientific audiences, knowledge diffusion beyond technical knowledge, and cross-sectoral coordination, as well as ensuring equal-footing participation of developing countries, remain challenges to be addressed, especially as the transition accelerates. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ContextInflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, comprising a broad spectrum of diseases those have in common chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, histological alterations and an increased activity levels of certain enzymes, such as, metalloproteinases.ObjectivesEvaluate a possible correlation of disease activity index with the severity of colonic mucosal damage and increased activity of metalloproteinases in a model of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium.MethodsColitis was induced by oral administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium for seven days in this group (n=10), whereas control group (n=16) received water. Effects were analyzed daily by disease activity index. In the seventh day, animals were euthanized and hematological measurements, histological changes (hematoxylin and eosin and Alcian Blue staining), myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were determined.ResultsDextran sulfate sodium group showed elevated disease activity index and reduced hematological parameters. Induction of colitis caused tissue injury with loss of mucin and increased myeloperoxidase (P

BACKGROUND: Acute cor pulmonale is a clinical syndrome with signs of right-sided heart failure resulting from sudden increase of pulmonary vascular resistance. CASE PRESENTATION: A five-year-old male, infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), was admitted at the division of infectious diseases of this hospital with cough, tachydyspnea, fever, and breathing difficulty. Computed tomography scan showed ground-glass opacities, cystic lesions, and bronchiectasis. The patient had nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and keeled chest. Abdomen was depressible; liver was 3 cm from the right-costal border, while spleen was 6 cm from the left-costal border. Echocardiogram examinations showed signs of acute cor pulmonale characterized by pulmonary hypertension and increased right-heart chamber dimensions. DIAGNOSTICS OUTCOME: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-B3, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), and acute cor pulmonale. Regressions of pulmonary hypertension and of right-heart chamber were observed after 30 days of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chloroquine therapy. CONCLUSION: AIDS should be considered in children with recurrent pneumonia that is mostly associated with LIP rather than cystic fibrosis.

RESUMO Nas elevadas altitudes do sudeste brasileiro são encontrados os campos de altitude. A fisionomia mais freqüentemente encontrada nos platôs relativamente extensos é a de arbustos inseridos em uma matriz de touceiras de gramíneas, com esparsas ervas e pteridófitas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram elaborar a lista florística de plantas vasculares e determinar o espectro biológico florístico, de uma campo de altitude localizado no Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizadas expedições mensais entre julho de 2000 a janeiro de 2002. As espécies foram classificadas nas classes de formas de vida de Raunkiaer, modificadas segundo Braun-Blanquet. Para a comparação do espectro biológico da flora estudada com o espectro normal de Raunkiaer foi realizado um teste de qui-quadrado de independência. Foram coletadas 81 espécies de plantas vasculares. A família mais rica foi Orchidaceae, seguida por Asteraceae, ambas bem representadas nos campos de altitude. O elevado número de espécies exclusivas de cada sinúsia indica que as mesmas estão bem delimitadas na vegetação local. O espectro biológico florístico mostrou um predomínio dos hemicriptófitos, seguido pelos caméfitos, formas de vida relacionadas à fisionomia campestre. O teste de qui-quadrado mostrou que o espectro biológico da vegetação estudada diferedo normal de Raunkiaer. É necessária, a realização de um maior número de estudos florísticos e ecológicos em campos de altitude, pois a carência atual de estudos não permite análises comparativas, ferramentas importantes para se aferir relações fitogeográficas, e para avaliar o estado de conservação das áreas possuidoras de tal formação vegetacional.

INTRODUÇÃO: A reestruturação do processo produtivo verificada nas últimas décadas implicou alterações diretas na saúde do trabalhador, modificando o perfil de adoecimento e sofrimento desses indivíduos. Dentro desse contexto, observa-se um aumento significativo dos casos de Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos (LER) e dos Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT). OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil dos trabalhadores com LER/DORT e a assistência fisioterapêutica aos quais são submetidos. METODOLOGIA: Pela aplicação de um questionário estruturado, foram entrevistados 80 trabalhadores, usuários do SUS, inseridos no Programa de Reabilitação Física do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (Cerest), por meio do Departamento de Saúde do Trabalhador (DSAT), Prefeitura Municipal de Juiz de Fora, Secretaria de Saúde (SS). RESULTADOS: Há um predomínio de casos de DORT no sexo feminino, e em 83,8% dos casos a renda pessoal não passa de um salário mínimo. Das ocupações encontradas, 76 (95%) estavam relacionadas com o trabalho braçal, e quanto ao tempo de trabalho em uma mesma função, a média foi de 16 anos. Setenta e oito (97,5%) trabalhadores afirmaram impossibilidades na realização das atividades de vida diária (AVDs). Quanto ao tratamento fisioterapêutico, 30 (37,6%) relataram realizar algum tipo de cinesioterapia. CONCLUSÃO: A visão estritamente fisiopatológica, baseada no modelo unidirecional e curativista, não mostram resultados satisfatórios e eficazes. Isso implica a não resolução dos quadros álgicos, favorecendo períodos extensos de tratamento fisioterapêutico, sobrecarga do serviço público de saúde e repercussões no âmbito emocional e sócio-econômico desses trabalhadores.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) articulam-se diretamente à realização de atividades ocupacionais e às condições de trabalho. OBJETIVO: O artigo origina-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que analisou as representações sociais da assistência fisioterapêutica entre trabalhadores portadores de Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT), frequentadores do Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST), pelo Departamento de Saúde do Trabalhador (DSAT), Juiz de Fora (MG). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O recurso de apreensão das informações foi a entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 12 trabalhadoras com idades entre 29 e 55 anos. RESULTADOS: As informações submetidas à análise temática apontaram que a assistência fisioterapêutica recebida repercute em períodos longos de tratamento e na insatisfação dos resultados, por meio de uma prática curativista, segmentada e pouco resolutiva, na qual prevalece a utilização de equipamentos em detrimento das manobras corporais e holísticas. CONCLUSÃO: Diante dos relatos, verificamos a necessidade de uma atenção humanizada, integral e equânime com responsabilização e vínculo, além da valorização dos trabalhadores e usuários, promovendo melhor qualidade de vida. É imprescindível a realização de novos estudos que possibilitem melhor compreensão e aprofundamento teórico e prático da relação entre a atuação do fisioterapeuta e as representações sociais envolvidas.

Important strides have been made recently in upgrading the global food aid agenda in line with evolving medical and nutrition sciences, operational experience, and innovations in food technology. A 2011 report endorsed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) recommended numerous improvements to products intended to support improved survival and nutrition in humanitarian programming, as well as greater rigor and transparency in the research agenda that supports innovations in this critical field. This article reviews progress since 2011 made by USAID, and other global food aid providers, in developing food aid products that are fit-for-purpose and are appropriately formulated to save lives in emergencies and to promote healthy mothers and children in nonemergency contexts. It highlights important modifications and addition made to products and identifies persisting knowledge gaps that should be prioritized in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental implants have become an option for replacement of lost canine teeth in cats. Although cats appear to manage well after a canine extraction, complications such as lip entrapment can occur after maxillary canine tooth extraction. Even cats with a complicated crown fracture of the maxillary canine tooth that have had root canal therapy can develop lip entrapment. This can lead to painful lip ulcers and potential need for further dental treatment. Canine tooth replacement with a dental implant and prosthodontic crown is, in the authors’ experience, a predictable option that can be offered to clients who would like to replace a lost canine tooth. This report will discuss 2 long-term cases of maxillary canines replaced by dental implants/crowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macromycetes are important for ecosystem functioning due to their role in the nutrient cycling, and their function as pathogens and mutualists. Diversity metrics based on functional traits are robust predictors of ecosystem functionality since they incorporate an evolutionary and ecologic background. We examined diversity patterns of macrofungi using functional trait-based metrics of diversity along an altitudinal gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest in southern Mexico. Our findings show that: (1) functional diversity varies with elevation, relating more to climatic variables than to vegetation structure; (2) functional diversity indexes exhibited contrasting patterns, so measures reflecting heterogeneity on trait abundance and niche complementarity tend to increase with elevation, whereas the measure of trait evenness decreases; and (3) functional diversity patterns depend on the type of functional trait considered and how they respond to environmental conditions. Our results indicate that functional diversity analyses help understanding of how macrofungal communities respond to environmental variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Veterinary dentistry has tended to follow the trends and advancements in the human dental field. As for any procedure performed on a patient, whether human or animal, an informed decision is based on the available evidence regarding treatment options. This is certainly true for the more involved treatments in veterinary dentistry which can include the disciplines of endodontics and dental implantology. A number of published case reports have been accepted by the specialty that endodontic therapy is indeed a predictable and a valuable service that can be offered to pet owners. Oral implantology has become an accepted and predictable procedure in the human dental field and can now be offered to pet owners if performed by suitable trained veterinary clinicians. The success rate for endosseous implant osseointegration is very high in humans. Success rates are also very high in animals used for implantology research. Canine studies have shown good bone-to-implant contact of around 73% in osseointegrated endosseous implants based on histological sections. Radiographic and histological findings demonstrate stable alveolar crestal bone levels after loading endosseous implants for up to 12 months in a dog model. This article discusses use of dental implants in the rostral mandible of a companion dog to replace periodontally diseased incisors, their restoration, to return the animal to full dental function and 3-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]