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Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) (Fig. 21F) Phalaena pyrina Linnaeus, 1761, Fauna Svecica: 306. LT: Sweden. Type material (syntypes) in LSL. Synonymy: = Noctua hypocasstani Poda, 1761, Ins. Mus. Graecensis.: 88. LT: Graecia. Type material is lost. = P [halaena] Noctua aesculi Linnaeus, 1767, Syst. Nat. 1 (2): 833. LT: Europe. Type material (syntypes) in LSL. = Phalaena hilaris Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785, Ent. Paris 2: 88 LT: France. Type material is lost. = Zeuzera octopunctata Boisduval, [1841] 1834, Icones Hist. L��pid. Nouv. ou peu connus 2: 181. LT: aux environs de Palerme [Sicile]. Type material is probably lost. = Zeuzera pyrina ab. conflua Schultz, 1905, Nyt. Mag. Naturvid. 43: 121. LT:? Germany. Type material is probably lost. = Zeuzera yprina (sic!) f. paulomaculata Stichel, 1918, Zeitschr. Wiss. Ins.-Biol. 14: 200. LT: Germany. Type material (holotype) in MHUB. = Zeuzera pyrina ab. confluens Cockayne, 1955, Entomol. Gaz. 6 (1): 6. LT: London [England]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. = Zeuzera pyrina f. marginestriata Lempke, 1961, Tijdschr. Entomol. 104: 178. LT: Halfweg [The Netherlands]. Type material (holotype) in coll. van Aartsen. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov.: 4 ♂♂, Karaj, Sh��h Dasht, 13.���20.vi.1976, leg. Rajabi; East ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 5 ♂♂, Khod�� ��farin, Arasb��r��n forest, Gandomn��n, N 38˚59��25˝, E 46˚52��12˝, 1280 m, 15.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 1 ♂, Kaleybar, V��yegh��n, 1440 m, 5.���6.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii, 1 ♂, Kaleybar, T��t��r, Aras river, N 39˚01��12.2˝, E 46˚44��29.4˝, 350 m, 29.vii.2007, leg. ��lipan��h, Zahiri, Falsafi, 1 ♂, Ahar, Hor��nd, 1000 m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii; Esfah��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Natanz, Targh, 2630 m, 8.vii.2003, leg. Ghayurfar, Ebert, Trusch, Nemati��n; Gil��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, As��lem, 18.vii.1972, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, As��lem, 250 m, 14.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii, 1 ♂, As��lem, Gisum, 160 m, 18.viii.1972, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 4 ♂♂, As��lem, Parehsar, 950 m, 14.viii.1974, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 2 ♂♂, As��lem, ��bish Gharah, 1250 m, 30.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, As��lem, Sheikh Mahal, 160 m, 28.���30.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��, 1 ♂, As��lem- Khalkh��l Rd., As��lem forest, N 37˚40��33.7˝, E 48˚47��53.6˝, 550 m, 15.vi.2006, leg. Zahiri, Falsafi, 1 ♂, T��lesh, Rig (15 km T��lesh), 570 m, 31.viii.1975, leg. Mirz��y��ns, 1 ♂, L��hij��n, Si��hkal, B��l�� Rud, 270 m, 12.viii.1980, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, 10.vii.1966, leg. Mirz��y��ns, 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, 10.viii.1971, leg. Gh��zioff, 1 ♂, M��s��l, Sh��lm��, 30.viii.2005, leg. Hes��mi, Seyed Ebr��himi, 1 ♂, ��st��r��-Ardebil Rd., km 5, 100 m, 26.v.1997, leg. Sarafr��zi, Badii, V. Nazari, 2 ♂♂, ��st��r��- Namin Rd., 10 km W ��st��r��, N 38˚26��01.7˝, E 48˚46��47.3˝, 97 m, 24.vii.2007, leg. Zahiri, ��lipan��h, 1 ♂, T��lesh, Tul��rood, N 37˚45��12.2˝, E 48˚54��50.6˝, 144 m, 17.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n, Sarafr��zi, 2 ♂♂, T��lesh, Rig, N 37˚49��39.1˝, E 48˚53��53.7˝, 75 m, 26.viii.2014, leg. Afsari��n, 1 ♂, T��lesh, N 37˚35��24.6˝, E 48˚58��19.7˝, 1621 m, 27.viii.2014, leg. Afsari��n, 1 ♂, ��st��neh Ashrafiyeh, Si��hkal, N 37˚09��09˝, E 49˚52��13˝, 180 m, 15.v.2006, leg. Sarafr��zi, Nemati��n, 2 ♂♂, Fuman, Gashtrudkh��n, N 37˚08��00.0˝, E 49˚11��00.0˝, 295 m, 29.vi.2008, leg. ��lipan��h, Nemati��n, 1 ♂, Shaft, Ahmad Gur��b, Si��hmezgi vill., N 37˚0.00��56.86˝, E 49˚15��7.95˝, 626 m, 23.vii.2010, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi, 2 ♂♂, T��lesh, Kishdibi, N 37˚49��59.3˝, E 48˚47��33.7˝, 439 m, 18.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n, 5 ♂♂, Rezv��n Shahr, Dor��n forest, N 37˚35��44.7˝, E 49˚0.4��51.7˝, 110 m, 19.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n, Sarafr��zi; Golest��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Ghush Cheshmeh, 1000 m, 9.viii.1998, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, V. Nazari, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Koylar, 1250 m, 23.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Koylar, 1100 m, 6.iii.1998, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, V. Nazari, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Koylar, 1350 m, 29.vii.2001, leg. Gil��si��n, Moghaddam, Ghayurfar, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Golest��n National Park, Maz��rli, 530 m, 19.���20.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i, 2 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, Tang-e Gol, 600 m, 14.���15.vii.1985, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Tang-e Gol, 630 m, 4.���5.ix.1987, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, Tang-e Gol, 650 m, 13.���14.x.1988, leg. P��zuki, 5 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, Tang-e Gol, 700 m, 24.���27.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari, 2 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, Tang-e Gol, 750 m, 20.vii.2001, leg. Ghayurfar, Gil��si��n, Moghaddam, 1 ♂, Gorg��n, Ali ��b��d, Kabudv��l, 200 m, 22.viii.1983, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 5 ♂♂, Tuskast��n, Gorg��n- Sh��hrud Rd., N 36˚44��37.6˝, E 54˚34��02.6˝, 660 m, 15.vii.2007, leg. Zahiri, Karimz��deh, 1 ♂, R��mi��n, J��meshur��n, 1250 m, 22.vi.1995, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii, Sarafr��zi; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, Sisakht, 2100 m, 16.vi.1986, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi, 1 ♂, 30 km S Y��suj, 19.vi.2005, leg. Zahiri, Falsafi; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♂, Nar��gh, Saricheh, 1650 m, 9.���11.vi.1984, leg. P��zuki, H��shemi; M��zandar��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Tonek��bon, 250 m, 22.vii.1980, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 2 ♂♂, Tonek��bon lab., 10.���11.viii.1980, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, Abb��s ��b��d, 18.vii.1980, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 1 ♂, Kel��rdasht, Dasht Nazar, 19.viii.1976, leg. Zairi, 1 ♂, Kel��rdasht, 26.viii.1976, leg. Zairi, 2 ♂♂, Zir��b, Palang Darreh, 540 m, 24.���25.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��, 1 ♂, Nowshahr, 10.vii.1969, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, 6 km E Nur, Rostam Rud, 8.viii.1980, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, B��bolsar, K��leh, 19.���21.vi.1989, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, B��bol, 8.viii.1949, leg. B��b��i, 1 ♂, Behshahr, Duk forest, 840 m, 23.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��, 1 ♂, Behshahr, Pasand, Pasand Res. Sta., 6.vii.1981, no collector given, 1 ♂, R��msar- Jav��herdeh Rd. (km 6), N 36˚54��29.3˝, E 50˚35��13.2˝, 554 m, 23.vii.2007, leg. ��lipan��h, Zahiri, Falsafi, 1 ♂, R��msar, Jav��herdeh, Eshkatehch��l, 1152 m, 25.vii.2002, leg. Moghaddam, Nemati��n; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, N Shirv��n, Kopet D��gh Mt., Sar��ni vill., Sar��ni Protected area, N 37˚48��22.5˝, E 57˚56��29.7˝, 1500 m, 22.vi.2013, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi, 1 ♂, ��shkh��neh, Darkash, 1350 m, 15.vi.2009, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 1 ♂, ��shkh��neh- Chamanbid Rd., 1.7 km SW Jozak vill., N 37˚25��25.2˝, E 56˚40��28.2˝, 1.vii.2014, 1148 m, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Ghuch��n, Chakaneh-e Oly��, Fahneh, 1780 m, 11, 12.vi.2009, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak; Tehr��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudb��r-e Ghasr��n, Garm��bdar, 2370 m, 28.���29.v.1991, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, 3 ♂♂, Dam��vand, ��bsard, 1900 m, 3.���7.vii.1978, leg. P��zuki, Sabzev��ri, 1 ♂, Shahri��r, 17.vii.1966, leg. Sh��h-Hosseini, 1 ♂, Rudehen, 23.vii.1969, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 1 ♂, Rob��t Karim, Urin, 1050 m, 24.���25.v.1993, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii. MWM: 3 ♂♂, Nordpersien, Umg. Shakhabad, National Park, 1300 m, 21.viii.1977, leg. J. de Freina; 3 ♂♂, N Iran, Kaleybar, 1700 m, 6.viii.1978, leg. Werner Thomas; 1 ♂, Mazandaran prov., 8 km S Neka, 200 m, 5.v.2000, leg. Szabo & Hentschel; 1 ♂, Persia septentrionalis, Gorgan Shan, M. Reza, 18.vi.1977, leg. Sojak. RYB: 1 ♂, Talysh (= T��lesh), Zanjan prov., near Abbar, vill. Hezzarud, 750 m, 1.v.2008, leg. E. Rutjan; 8 ♂♂, Horosan (= Khor��s��n) prov., Qadamgah area, Darrud v. vic., Gerina (= Garineh) v., N 36˚08��, E 59˚10��, 2000 m, 4.vi.2009, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 10 ♂♂, N Horasan (= Khor��s��n), Binalud Mts., ca. 15 km NE Darrud, vic of Gerinah (= Garineh), 1700 m, 14.vi.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 1 ♂, Horasan (= Khor��s��n), Khezri, 30.v.2009, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 1 ♂, C Horasan, 15 km SW Khezry Dasht-e-Bayaz, 1800 m, 8.vi.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 1 ♂, Shahkuh Mts., Shahrud area, Tohar (an erroneous spelling of Tajar), 2100 m, 27.vi.2010, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Europe including S England, N Africa (Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania), Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, SW Siberia, N America (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey), Central Africa (Ghana) (Erschoff & Fild 1870; Oberth��r 1876; Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Dyar 1902; Spuler 1910; Andres & Seitz 1923; Schwingenschuss 1938; Ellison & Wiltshire 1939; Wiltshire 1944, 1949b, 1957; Chneour 1955; Milyanovsky 1964; Barou 1967; El-Hariri 1968; Didmanidze 1975; Rungs 1979; de Freina 1983, 1996; Gevorkian 1986; Devyatkin 1989; de Freina & Witt 1990; Lewandowski & Fischer 2002; Yakovlev 2010, 2011a; Saldaitis et al. 2007), China (Qinghai, Chekiang) (Daniel 1940; Chen 1993). Distribution in Iran. N, SW, E, and Central Iran (Fig. 35D). Host plants. Fraxinus excelsior L., Viscum album L., Ligustrum sp., Malus sp., Prunus sp., Quercus sp., Betula sp., Aesculus sp., Hippopae rhamnoides L., Ulmus sp., Crataegus sp., Salix sp., Populus tremula L., Acer sp., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Viburnum sp., Tilia sp., Frangula alnus Mill., Lonicera sp., Ribes sp., Pyrus sp., Sorbus aucuparia L., Corylus sp., Platanus sp., Castenea sp., Tamarix sp., Mahonia sp., Spiraea sp., Syringa sp., Sambucus sp., Castanea Mill., Cornus L., and Ilex aquifolium L. (Anfinnikov 1962; G��mez-Bustillo & Fern��ndes-Rubio 1976; Skinner 1985; Schoorl 1990; Speidel 1994; Bertaccini et al. 1997; Buser et al. 2000; Piskunov et al. 2000; Kutinkova et al. 2006). Comment. Due to unavailability of the coordinates for ���Shakhabad, National Park��� and ���Gorgan Shan, M. Reza���, these localities were excluded from the distribution map (Fig. 26D)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 73-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna Svecica, sistens animalia Sveciae Regni: Quadrupedia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes, dia- tributa per classes et ordines, genera et species. Cum differentiis specierum, synonymis autorum, nominibus insolarum, locis habitationum, descriptionibus insectorum. sumtu & Literis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholmiae, 48 + 578 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46380","Poda, N. (1761) Insecta Musei Graecensis, quae in ordines, genera et species juxta Systema Naturae Caroli Linnaei digessit Nicolaus Poda, e Societate Jesu, Philosophiae Doctor et Matheseos Professor. Graecii, Wildmanstadii, 18 + 127 pp.","Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus. I. Pars 2. Editio duodecima reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae, pp. 533 - 1327. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 156772","Schultz, O. (1905) Beschreibung einiger palaearctischer Heteroceren-Aberrationen. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 43, 115 - 122","Stichel, H. (1918) Einiges uber Zeuzera pyrina (L.). Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 14, 198 - 200.","Cockayne, L. A. (1955) Abberations of British Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Gazette, 6 (1), 3 - 6.","Lempke, B. J. (1961) Catalogus der Nederlandse Macrolepidoptera (Achtste Supplement). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 104, 111 - 186.","Erschoff, N. G. & Fild, A. (1870) Catalogus lepidopterorum imperii Rossici. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 4, 130 - 205.","Oberthur, Ch. (1876) Faune des Lepidopteres de l'Algerie. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 1, 40 - 41.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Dyar, H. G. (1902) s. n. A list of North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of Insects, Washington, 1902, 362 - 363, https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1141","Spuler, A. (1910) Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Bd. 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 523 pp.","Schwingenschuss, L. A. (1938) Sechster Beitrag zur Lepidopterefauna Inner-Anatoliens. Entomologische Rundschau, 55 (16), 176 - 177.","Ellison, R. E. & Wiltshire, E. P. (1939) The Lepidoptera of the Lebanon with notes on their season and distribution. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 88, 1 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1939. tb 01020. x","Wiltshire E. P. (1944) The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Iraq. Their distribution, phenology, ecology and importance. Government of Iraq, Ministry of Economics, Directorate-General of Agriculture. Government Press, Bagdad. Bull., 30, 1 - 101.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1949 b) The Lepidoptera of the Kingdom of Egypt. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 381 - 432.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1957) The Lepidoptera of Iraq. N. Kaye, London, 162 pp., 17 pls.","Chneour, A. (1955) Macrolepidopteres de Tunisie IV - Bombyces. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de Tunisie, 8 (3 - 4), 287 - 289.","Milyanovsky, E. S. (1964) Fauna of Lepidoptera of Abkhaziya. Trudy Sukhumskoi opytnoi stancii efirnomaslichnykh kultur, 5, 91 - 190. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.1001 / jama. 1964.03070140097042","Barou, J. (1967) Contribution a la connaissance la faune des Lepidopteres de l'Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 26, 41 - 58.","El-Hariri, G. (1968) A list of recorded Syrian insects and Acari, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria. 160. [In Arabic]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1975) Materials on fauna of Macrolepidoptera of Minor Caucasus (Meskhet-Dzhavakheti, South Georgia). Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Muzeia Gruzii, 28 A, 293 - 336. [in Russian]","Rungs, Ch. E. E. (1979) Catalogue Raisonne des Lepidoptdres du Maroc. Inventaire Faunistique et observations ecologiques Tome I, [in] Travaux de 1 Institut Scientifi que, Serie Zoologie, Rabat, 39, [i] - [x], 1 - 244, 2 maps.","Freina, J. J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges- Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomeklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57 - 127.","Gevorkian, M. R. (1986) Fauna of Heterocera (Lepidoptera) of gorges of the Razdan river and its tributary Marmarik (Armenian SSR). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [Entomological Review], 65, 683 - 684.","Devyatkin, A. L. (1989) New data about fauna Macrolepidoptera of West Kopet-Dag. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [Entomological Review], 68 (3), 568 - 569. [in Russian]","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Lewandowski, S. & Fischer, K. - H. (2002) Beitrag zur Schwarmer- und Spinnerfauna von Zypern, sowie eine Ubersichet der bisher bekennten Arten (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 112 (9), 264 - 272.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2010) Cossidae of Israel. Atalanta, 41 (3 / 4), 465 - 469.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Saldaitis, A. & Yakovlev, R. V. & Ivinskis, P. (2007) Carpenter moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Lebanon. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 17 (3), 191 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13921657.2007.10512831","Daniel, F. (1940) Die Cossidae und Hepialidae der Ausbeuten Hone (Lep. Het.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 30, 1004 - 1020.","Chen, Y (1993) Cossidae / Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Agaristidae, Cossidae. Insects of the Hengduan Mountains Region 2. The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 1034 pp.","Anfinnikov, M. A. (1962) On the geographical distribution of Zeuzera pyrina L. and on the zones of its injuriousness. Zoological Journal, 41 (12), 1831 - 1837. [in Russian]","Skinner, B. (1985) The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland 2 (Cossidae-Heliodinidae), 69 - 74. Colchester","Schoorl, J. W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1 - 295.","Speidel, W. (1994) Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Wurttembergs. Vol. 3. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 139 - 151.","Bertaccini, E., Fiumi, G. & Provera, P. (1997) Cossidae / Bombici e Sfingi d' Italia (Lepidoptera, Heterocera). Vol. 2. Natura- Giuliano Russo Editore, Monterenzio, Bologna, 256 pp., 16 Tavv.","Buser, H., Huber, W. & Joos, R. (2000) Cossidae-Holzbohrer. In: Pro Natura (Ed.), Schmetterlinge und ihre Lebensraume. Arten. Gefahrdung. Schutz. Schweitz und angrenzende Gebiete. Vol. 3. Schweizerischer Bund fur Naturschutz. Fotorotar AG, Druck, Verlag, Neue Medien, pp. 97 - 116.","Piskunov, V. L, Dorofeev, A. M. & Lakotko, A. A. (2000) Carpenter-Moths or Cossids (Lepidoptera, Cossidae Walker, 1855) of Northern Belarus' [Belorussia]. Tribune Vitebsk University, 18 (4), 101 - 107. [in Russian]","Kutinkova, H., Andreev, R. & Arnaoudov, V. (2006) The Leopard Moth Borer, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) - important Pest in Bulgaria. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 46 (2), 111 - 115."]}

Barchaniella inspersa (Christoph, 1887) (Fig. 9F) Holcocerus inspersus Christoph, 1887b, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 48: 163. LT: Ashkhabad [Turkmenistan]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP. Material examined. HMIM: Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Neysh��bur, Zabarkh��n Hes��r, 1400 m, 12.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i. Distribution. Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, SW China (Xinjang), SW Mongolia (Christoph 1888b; 1889; 1893; Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Dalla Torre 1923; Daniel 1965b; Daniel 1969a; Krivokhatskii 1985; Falkovich 1986; Yakovlev 2004b, 2006a). Distribution in Iran. Razavi Khorasan Province (Fig. 28C). Habitat. Deserts. Host plants. Haloxylon Bunge ex E. Fenzl (Amaranthaceae) (Falkovich 1986). Remarks. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Christoph H. (1887 b) Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Tekke. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung), 48, 162 - 167.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Dalla Torre, K. W. von (1923) Cossidae. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus, 4 (29), pp. 1 - 63.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145.","Daniel, F. (1969 a) 165. Bombyces et Sphinges. 3. Ergebnisse der zoologische Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. Reichenbachia, 11 (25), 274 - 277.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 b) Carpenter-moths (Lepidopetera, Cossidae) of Mongolia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3 (3), 217 - 224.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]"]}

Isoceras huberi Eitschberger & Str��hle, 1987 (Fig. 9A) Isoceras huberi Eitschberger et Str��hle, 1987, Atalanta 18: 93. LT: Van prov., Baskale Umg., G��seldere pass [T��rkei East]. Type material (holotype) in MSW. Material examined. HMIM: Ghom Prov.: 1 ♂, 3 km S Fordu, 2150 m, 5.vi.1984, leg. P��zuki, H��shemi. MWM: 1 ♂, Prov. Baloutschestan (= Baluchest��n), Knasch I Kouscheh (an erroneous spellings of Kusheh of Kh��sh), Taftan Kuchi (Taft��n Mt.), 10.vi.1967, leg. Mirz��y��ns, P��zuki. RYB: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kerman, 10 km N Jebal-e Barez, 2700 m, 12.v.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution: Turkey (Van, Erzurum), Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan (de Freina 1994; Didmanidze & Yakovlev 2005). Distribution in Iran. Ghom, Sistan and Baluchestan and Kerman Provinces (Fig. 27D)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Eitschberger, U. & Strohle, M. (1987) Eine neue Art der Gattung Isoceras Turati, 1924 aus der Turkei (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Atalanta, 18, 93 - 85.","Freina, J. J. de (1994) Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Kleinasiens. Weitere Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Verbreitung von Cossidae, Psychidae, Cochlididae, Syntomidae, Saturniidae, Brahmaeidae, Psychidae, Axiidae, Hepialidae, Dilobidae und Nolidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Atalanta, 25 (1 / 2), 317 - 349.","Didmanidze, E. A. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2005) New distribution records of Isoceras huberi Eitschberger & Strohle, 1987 and Semagystia cuhensis de Freina, 1994 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Atalanta, 36 (3 / 4), 575 - 576."]}

Stygioides colchica colchica (Herrich-Sch��ffer, 1851) (Fig. 9D) LT: Amasia [Turkey]. Type material (holotype) in MHUB, probably lost. Material examined. NHRS: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Elbursgebirge, Keredj (German spellings of Elburs Mt., Karaj), 1400 m, 18.iv.1936, ex coll. Brandt. Distribution. Turkey, Iran: Elburz Mt. (Karaj) (Herrich-Sch��ffer 1843 ���1856; Lingenh��le et al. 2017). Distribution in Iran. N Iran (Elburs Mts.) (Fig. 28A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Herrich-Schaffer, G. A. W. (1843 - 1856) Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa, Zugleich als Text, Revison und Supplement Zu Jakob Hubner's Sammlung Europaischer Schmetterlinge. Vol. 6. G. J. Manz, Regensburg, Germany, 178 pp.","Lingenhole, A., Friedrich, E. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2017) Description of male of the rarest European Carpenter-moth Stygiodes persephone (Reisser, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Zootaxa, 4363 (4), 597 - 600. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4363.4.14"]}

Genus Azygophleps Hampson, 1892 Hampson, 1892, Fauna Brit. India, Moths 1: 309. Type species: Hepialis scalaris Fabricius, 1775., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1892) Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma: Moths. Vol 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, 527 pp."]}

Dyspessa hethitica Daniel, 1932 Dyspessa hethitica Daniel, 1932a, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 22: 16. LT: Marash [Turkey]. Type material (holotype) in MWM. Material examined. NHRS: Sine-Sefid, 2200 m, 1937. Distribution. S Turkey, Iran (Daniel 1932a; Wiltshire 1957). Distribution in Iran. Fars Prov.: Sineh Sefid (Fig. 25D)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1932 a) Neue Schmetterlingsformen und - Arten aus Marasch in Norsyrien. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 22, 15 - 16.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1957) The Lepidoptera of Iraq. N. Kaye, London, 162 pp., 17 pls."]}

Dyspessa derbenti Daniel, 1964, stat. n. (Fig. 6B) Dyspessa elbursensis derbenti Daniel, 1964a, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 54: 210. LT: Derbent, 25 km N Tehera n [Iran]. Type material (holotype) in NMW. Material examined. NMW: Holotype (♂), allotype (♀) and paratypes (8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀), Iran, Derbent (= Darband), 2000 m, 25 km N. Teheran (= Tehr��n), 2000 m, 7.���15.vi.[19]63, leg. Kasy & Vartian. Diagnosis. Dyspessa elbursensis derbenti Daniel, 1964 is very light colored (including hind wing), with light streaks in the discal area of the forewing. Furtheremore, its forewing has a relatively sharp angle (Fig. 6B). However, D. elbursensis is well distinguished by a dark pattern of the wings, a blunt shorter forewing, and the dark gray hind wing (Fig. 6C). Based on the direct examination of the type specimens and the above mentioned differences, D. elbursensis derbenti Daniel, 1964 is here raised to the species level. Distribution. Iran (Daniel 1964a, 1965b). Distribution in Iran. N Tehran (Daniel 1964a) (Fig. 25B)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1964 a) Monographie der palaearctishen Cossidae. VII. Genus Dyspessa Hbn. Zweiter Teil, Genus Paropta Stgr. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 54, 181 - 236.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145."]}

Cossulus zoroastres (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) Hypopta zoroastres Grum-Grshimailo, 1902, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 7: 202. LT: In provincia persica Makran, ad vicum Bagu-Kelat regionis Bagu [Baluchistan prov., Bahu Kalat, Iran]. Type material (syntypes) in ZISP, probably lost. Material examined. Only type specimens. Distribution. Iran (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. In Iran it is collected in the type locality, Bahu Kalat (Sistan and Baluchestan Prov.) (Fig. 30F)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1902) Lepidoptera nova vel parum cognita regionis palaearcticae. II. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Museya Imperatorskoi Akadimii Nauk [Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie d. Sciences de St. Petersbourg], 7, 191 - 204. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Phragmacossia ariana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1899) (Fig. 21A) Zeuzera (Azygophleps) ariana Grum-Grshimailo, 1899, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb.4: 468. LT: in Kara-tjube, haud procul ab urbe Samarkand [Samarkand distr., Uzbekistan]. Type material (holotype) in ZISP. Synonymy: = Phragmatoecia reticulata P��ngeler, 1900, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. Iris 13: 115. LT: Merw [Mary, Turkmenistan]. Type material (syntypes) in MHUB. Material examined. ZISP: 1 ♂, Persia, 24.iii.[1]904, leg. Zarudnyi (ZISP). 1 ♂, Dizful (= Dezful), Arabistan, Persia,?.iii.[1]904, leg. Zarudnyi. Distribution. Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Iran (Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Yakovlev 2009e). Distribution in Iran. W Iran (Fig. 34E)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1899) Lepidoptera nova vei parum cognita regionis palaearcticae. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie d. Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 4, 466 - 469.","Pungeler, R. (1900) Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Central- Asien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 13, 115 - 123.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Yakovlev, R. V. (2009 e) Little known species of Palaearctic and Oriental Cossidae (Lepidoptera). IV. Phragmacossia ariana (Grum-Grshimailo, 1899), comb. n. Amurian Zoological Journal, 1, 55. [in Russian]"]}

Acossus terebrus ([Denis & Schifferm��ller], [1775]) Bombyx terebra [Denis & Schifferm��ller], [1775], Ank��nd. Syst. Werk. Schmett. Wien. 60. LT: Wien [Austria]. Type material is lost. Material examined. There was no specimen available to study. Distribution. Eurasia: Israel, Turkey, Middle & S Europe, S Sweden, Finland, Baltic States, the Ukrainie, central part of European Russia, Caucasus, S Siberia including the Altai and Sayan Mts. to S Yakutia, southern part of Fare East, Korea, Iran, China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Manchuria, Inner Mongolia) (Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Daniel 1940; Didmanidze 1978; de Freina 1983, 1996; de Freina & Witt 1990; Hua et al. 1990; Wieser et al. 2001; Yakovlev 2004d, 2006b, 2007a, 2011a). Distribution in Iran. North Khorasan Prov.: Golestan National Park (Almeh valley) (Wieser et al. 2001). Host plants. In Europe: Populus tremula L., P. alba L., P. nigra L. (Salicaceae) (G��mez-Bustillo & Fern��ndes-Rubio 1976; Bertaccini et al. 1997; Buser et al. 2000)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Daniel, F. (1940) Die Cossidae und Hepialidae der Ausbeuten Hone (Lep. Het.). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 30, 1004 - 1020.","Didmanidze, E. A. (1978) Moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) of arid landscapes of Georgia. Tbilisi: Metzniereba, 318 pp. [in Russian]","Freina, J. J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges- Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomeklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57 - 127.","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Hua, B., Chou, I., Fang, D. & Chen, S. (1990) The Cossid fauna of China (lepidoptera, Cossidae). Ilustrataj cinaj insect-faunoj II. Tianze Eldonejo. Yangling, Shaanxi, 147 pp., 7 pls.","Wieser, C., Huemer, P., & Stangelmaier, G. (2001) Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). In: Wieser, B. & Wieser, C. (Eds.), Nordiran. Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Exkursion. Carinthia II, Klagenfurt, 192 / 112, 52 - 81.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 d) Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Siberia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3 (2), 155 - 163. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 b) A brief review of Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887. Eversmannia, 7 / 8, 3 - 24. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2007 a) Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) of Russia. Eversmannia, 9, 11 - 33. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Bertaccini, E., Fiumi, G. & Provera, P. (1997) Cossidae / Bombici e Sfingi d' Italia (Lepidoptera, Heterocera). Vol. 2. Natura- Giuliano Russo Editore, Monterenzio, Bologna, 256 pp., 16 Tavv.","Buser, H., Huber, W. & Joos, R. (2000) Cossidae-Holzbohrer. In: Pro Natura (Ed.), Schmetterlinge und ihre Lebensraume. Arten. Gefahrdung. Schutz. Schweitz und angrenzende Gebiete. Vol. 3. Schweizerischer Bund fur Naturschutz. Fotorotar AG, Druck, Verlag, Neue Medien, pp. 97 - 116."]}

Phragmataecia turkmenbashi Yakovlev, 2008 (Fig. 21E) Phragmataecia turkmenbashi Yakovlev, 2008c, Eversmannia 15/16: 47. LT: Kopet-Dagh Mts., Valley of Ipay-Kala, 15 km SW of Nochur [Turkmenistan]. Type locality (holotype) in MSW. Material examimed. HMIM: North Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 16.���18.vii.1985, leg. P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-830, HMIM), 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 1.���3.vi.1986, leg. P��zuki, 2 ♂♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 20.���21.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari (gen. prep. No. HA-1884, HMIM), 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 8.v.1999, leg. Moghaddam, Bar��ri, Manzari, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, ��lmeh, 1600 m, 26.���29.v.1986, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, ��lmeh, 1650 m, 17.���18.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari. Distribution. Turkmenistan, Kopet Dagh Mts. (Yakovlev 2008c). Distribution in Iran. NE Iran (Fig. 35C). Remarks. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2008 c) New species of Palaearctic and Oriental Cossidae (Lepidoptera) II. New species of Phragmataecia Newman, 1850 from Turkmenistan. Eversmannia, 15 / 16, 47 - 48. [in Russian]"]}

Meharia baluchestana Alipanah & Yakovlev, sp. n. (Figs. 3A���D; 4A���E) Material examined. HMIM: Holotype, ♂, Sist��n and Baluchest��n Prov.: Pishin, 267 m, 2.xi.2001, leg. Gil��si��n, Nemati��n (gen. prep. No. HA-1509, HMIM); paratypes, 1 ♂, Sist��n and Baluchest��n Prov.: Bampur, 500 m, 8.x.1996, leg. Bar��ri, Sarafr��zi, Parchami-Ar��ghi, 1 ♀, same data as the holotype (gen. prep. No. HA-1521, HMIM). Diagnosis. This species is very similar to Meharia breithaupti Yakovlev, 2014 both in the wing pattern and genitalia structure. The main differences between two species are as follows: Forewing length of the male and female of M. baluchestana sp. n. are 13.0 mm and 18.0 mm, recpectively (Figs. 3A, B); while M. breithaupti Yakovlev has much smaller forewing (6.0 mm in male, and 10.0 mm in female). Considering the male genitalia, the following differences are observed: 1) Valva in M. breithaupti is quadrate distally with rounded corners; while in M. baluchestana sp. n., it is clearly rounded apically (Fig. 4A). 2) In M. breithaupti juxta is small and spoon-shaped (Yakovlev 2014b: 402); whereas in M. baluchestana sp. n. it is medium-sized and trapezoidal (Fig. 4A). 3) Phallus of M. baluchestana sp. n. is slightly curved with the same width troughout the length (Fig. 4A); while in M. breithaupti it is nearly straight with wider basal half (Yakovlev 2014b: 408). 4) Both dorso-apical processes of the phallus in M. baluchestana sp. n. and M. breithaupti have dentate edges dorsally; however, in the former species the process is broad-based with regular teeth (Fig. 5B), whereas the process of the latter species has irregularly dentate with shorter basal part and is sligltly directed towards the proximal end of phallus (Fig. 4C). The female genitalia of the two species are different form each other in the shape of apophyses anteriores and distal end of apophyses posteriores. In M. baluchestana sp. n. apophyses anteriores are wide and spoon-shaped distally (Fig. 4D); while in M. breithaupti they are poined. Moreover, distal end of apophyses posteriores in M. breithaupti are pointed (Yakovlev 2014b: 408); comparing to distinctly rounded in M. baluchestana sp. n. (Fig. 4D) Description. Male, holotype (Fig. 3A). Head: Vertex and frons with nearly smooth creamy-white scales; labial palpus upturned, covered with dirty-cream scales, the length slightly less than half length of the horizontal diameter of compound eye, third segment slightly hanging, second segment the longest; antenna bipectinate, with length slightly more than half length of the forewing, each pecten process nearly seven times longer than the relevant antennal segment diameter. Thorax: Smooth scaling; grayish-light brown dorsally. Forewing (Fig. 3A). Length 13.0 mm; elongate, parallelsided, termen obliquely rounded, apex rounded; upperside grayish-light brown with four types of slightly developed light spots at costal margin: 1) a light spot with a smaller brown one inside, located at basal one-fourth of the costa, 2) an almost similar spot surrounding several brown dots at three-fourths of the costal length, mostly dark-edged towards tornus, 3) few smaller light spots between the two above-mentioned ones, 4) a small light spot next to the apex. Tornus with two light spots at one-fourth and three-fourths of its length, respectively, the proximal one largest. Termen with a few scattered dark brown sub-marginal dots. Fringes light brown with a darker basal line; underside glossy grayish-brown, having more or less similar pattern. Hindwing upperside ground color grayish-light brown, without pattern, fringes as on forewing, with paler basal line; underside glossy grayish-brown, slightly brighter than that of forewing. Abdomen: Grayish-light brown. Genitalia (Figs. 4A, B) with phallus nearly straight, sligthly curved next to the apex, pointed apically with an almost rooster-shaped well-developed sclerotized process at dorso-apical surface near the bulbus ejaculatorius, vesica without cornuti; saccus elongate, turned back; juxta moderate-sized, trapezoidal; transtilla membranous; valva broad at base, gradually narrowed towards the apex, apically rounded, with an strongly sclerotized bar at internal surface extended obliquely from basal area of costa to near the middle of dorsal edge; gnathos smooth, poorly developed with thin and long gnathos arms; tegumen medium-sized; uncus short, slightly curved and pointed apically. Female (Figs. 3B, C, D). Head: Vertex and frons with nearly smooth creamy-white scales; labial palpus upturned, covered with yellowish-cream scales, about half the length of horizontal diameter of compound eye, third segment slightly hanging, length of both first and third segments nearly one-sixth of the second one, second segment longest; antenna bipectinate, as long as the half length of the forewing, pecten process nearly 4.5 times longer than the antennal segment diameter. Thorax: Smooth scaling; creamy-light brown. Forewing (Fig. 3B). Length 18.0 mm; elongate, parallel-sided, with obliquely rounded termen and rounded apex; upperside creamy-light brown, pattern nearly the same as male, but clearly paler with almost entirely creamy spots. Fringes cream, darkened distally with darker basal line; underside same as on upperside. Hindwing slightly darker than forewing, without pattern, fringes dirty-cream at base and cream distally; underside distinctly brighter than upperside. Abdomen: Creamy-light brown. Genitalia (Figs. 4D, E) with apophyses anteriores relatively wide, nearly four times the width of apophyses posteriores, spoon-shaped distally; apophyses posteriores narrow, rounded distally; corpus bursae missing (mistakenly removed during preparation); ductus bursae membranous, narrower than antrum; antrum cup-shaped, weakly sclerotized; ostium bursae moderate-sized; papillae anales pyramidal-conical, covered with long setae at posterior half. Distribution. Iran. Distribution in Iran. Sistan and Baluchestan Province: Pishin and Bampur (Fig. 23E). Etymology. This species is named after the collecting area in Baluchestan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2014 b) A new species of Meharia Chretien, 1915 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from the United Arab Emirates, with a world catalogue of the genus. Zootaxa, 3895 (3), 401 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3895.3.4"]}

Subfamily Catoptinae Yakovlev, 2009 Yakovlev, 2009d, Zool. Zhurnal 88 (10): 1007. Type genus: Catopta Staudinger, 1899., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2009 d) Catoptinae subfam. n. is a new subfamily of Carpenter-Moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 88 (10), 1007 - 1012. [in Russian]","Staudinger, O. (1899) Neue palaarktische Lepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 12, 157 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9446"]}

Azygophleps regia (Staudinger, 1891) (Fig. 18E) Zeuzera (?) regia Staudinger, 1891, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. Iris 4: 253. LT: Hadjin [Turkey]. Type material (syntypes) in MHUB. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Karaj, Karaj dam, 26.vii.1969, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i; F��rs Prov.: 1 ♂, Shir��z, 70 km Dasht-e Arzhan, 1500 m, 16.vii.1975, leg. Ab��i, 3 ♂♂, Sepid��n, M��rgoon fall, 2020 m, 23.��� 25.vi.1993, leg. Borumand, Badii; Lorest��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Oshtor��nkuh, N Kamand��n, 2040 m, 22.���24.vii.1987, leg. P��zuki, Borumand; Tehr��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudehen, 23.vii.1969, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i. MWM: Hamadan (= Hamed��n). Distribution. Turkey, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq (Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Wiltshire 1944, 1957; Daniel 1963; de Freina 1983; Yakovlev & Witt 2016). Distribution in Iran. N, SW, and W Iran (Fig. 34C)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1891) Neue Arten und Varietaten von Lepidopteren des Palaarktischen Faunengebiets. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 4, 224 - 339.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Wiltshire E. P. (1944) The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Iraq. Their distribution, phenology, ecology and importance. Government of Iraq, Ministry of Economics, Directorate-General of Agriculture. Government Press, Bagdad. Bull., 30, 1 - 101.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1957) The Lepidoptera of Iraq. N. Kaye, London, 162 pp., 17 pls.","Daniel, F. (1963) Ein Beitrag zur Spinner- und Schwamer-fauna des Iran und Afganistans. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 48, 145 - 155.","Freina, J. J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges- Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomeklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57 - 127.","Yakovlev, R. V. & Witt, Th. (2016) Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Pakistan. Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6 (2), 67 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.15421 / 201636"]}

Subfamily Mehariinae Yakovlev, 2011 Yakovlev, 2011a, Neue Ent. Nachr. 66: 88. Type genus: Meharia Chr��tien, 1915., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Chretien, P. (1915) Contribution a la connaissance des Lepidopteres du Nord de l'Afrique. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 84 (3), 289 - 374."]}

Genus Isoceras Turati, 1924 Turati, 1924, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 63: 51. Type species: Isoceras kruegeri Turati, 1924., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Turati, E. (1924) Spedizione Lepidotterologica in Cirenaica 1921 - 1922. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 63, 21 - 191, pls. 1 - 6."]}

Holcocerus tancrei P��ngeler, 1898 (Fig. 14E) Holcocerus tancrei P��ngeler, 1898, Soc. Ent. 13 (8): 58. LT: Merw [Mary, Turkmenistan]. Type material (holotype) in MHUB. Material examined. HMIM: Esfah��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Esfah��n, Kabutar ��b��d, 29.vii.1969, leg. Daftari; Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 6 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, 36 km N Gon��b��d, 830 m, 7.vi.1977, leg. Safavi, P��zuki, Ab��i, 1 ♀, 10 km S Sabzev��r, H��res Ab��d, 940 m, 15.vii.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i; Semn��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Abb��s ��b��d- M��hidasht Rd., Kh��r Tur��n protected area, 3 km S Abb��s ��b��d Ranger Sta., N 36˚22��14.7˝, E 56˚15��49.2˝, 1084 m, 10.vi.2016, leg. Falsafi, ��lipan��h. MWM: 2 ♀♀, Jussufabad, 28.vi.1963, leg. Kasy & Vartian. Distribution. Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (P��ngeler 1899; Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Daniel 1964b, 1965b; Krivokhatskyi 1985; Yakovlev 2006a, 2011a). Distribution in Iran. NE and Central Iran (Fig. 32B). Habitat. Deserts. Host plants. Haloxylon aphyllum (Minkw.) Iljin (Amaranthaceae) (Baghestani et al. 2006). Comment. Due to unavailability of the coordinates for ���Jussuf��b��d or Jussufabad���, this locality was excluded from the distribution map (Fig. 32B)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Pungeler, R. (1898) Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Centralasien. Societas Entomologica, 13 (8), 57 - 58.","Pungeler, R. (1899) Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Central-Asien. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 12, 288 - 289.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Daniel, F. (1964 b) Cossidae aus Afganistan (Lep.). Opuscula Zoologica, 77, 1 - 8, 1 taf.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145.","Krivokhatskyi, V. A. (1985) Insects of Repetek. Cadastre of species. Ylym, Ashkhabad, 33 pp. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Baghestani, M., Baghestani, M. A. & Soufizadeh, S. (2006) Pruning height and its effect on quantitative and qualitative seed production in old Saxaul (Haloxylon aphyllum) Forests of Yazd, Iran. BIABAN Journal, 11 (1), 27 - 33."]}

Dyspessacossus fereidun (Grum-Grshimailo, 1895) (Fig. 13E) Cossus fereydun Grum-Grshimailo, 1895, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross. 29 (1/2): 291���292. LT: Persia septentr. (Demavend) [prov. Tehran, Demavend, N. Iran]. Type material (holotype) in ZISP. = Holcocerus (? Cossus) firdusi Wagner, 1937 , Zeitschr. Ost. Ent.-Ver. 22: 23. LT: Persia S., Elburs, Demavend, Tarsee [Iran]. Type material (holotype) in NMW. = Cossus osthelderi Daniel, 1932b, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 22: 95. LT: Nord-Amanus, D��l-D��l Dagh beim Dorf School [Turkey]. Type material: holotype (by) in MWM. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, ��s��r��, 40 km N Karaj, 1850 m, 27.vi.1871, leg. Safavi, Borumand, K��vi��n, Gh��zioff, 1 ♂, Karaj, ��z��dbar, 2250 m, 27.���28.vi.1994, leg. Ebr��himi, 2 ♂♂, Karaj, Arangeh, Sarzi��rat, 1750 m, 10.���11.vii.1996, leg. Bar��ri, Badii, 1 ♂, Karaj, Gachsar, 27.vii.1963, leg. Gharib, 2 ♂♂, Karaj, Sh��h Dasht, 13.���20.vi.1976, leg. Rajabi, 3 ♂♂, Karaj, Shahrest��nak, 2100 m, 10.���11.vii.1995, leg. Sarafr��zi, Linnavori, Badii, 1 ♂, T��legh��n, Kal��nak, 1950 m, 26.vi.1994, leg. Ebr��himi, 5 ♂♂, S��vojbol��gh, E Gatehdeh, Elburs Mts., N 36˚10��39.6˝, E 51˚02��20.9˝, 2260 m, 31.vii.���1.viii.2007, leg. Zahiri, ��lipan��h, Lehmann & Bittner; Ardebil Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 62 km Khalkh��l, 1500 m, 29.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand; Ch��h��rmah��l and Bakhti��ri Prov.: 1 ♂, 5 km SW Shalamz��r, Tang-e Chezgh��n, 7.���10.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand; East ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Marand, Zonuz, N 38˚36��24˝, E 45˚48��40˝, 1620 m, 13.vii.2006, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 1 ♂, Hashtrud, Gharah ��gh��j, 10.vi.1949, leg. Taghavi; Esfah��n Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Fereydun Shahr, 2200 m, 9.vii.1999, leg. Hofmann, Meineke; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, 1700 m, 12.v.1968, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi; Kordest��n Prov.: 1 ♀ 52 ♂♂, 83 km SE B��neh, 1750 m, 5.���6.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 3 ♂♂, Mariv��n- Mi��neh D��gh Rd., 6.vii.1972, 2000 m, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 2 ♂♂, 35 km NE Mariv��n, 1550 m, 8.���9.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Sanandaj, 26.vi.1974, leg. H��shemi, 11 ♂♂, 45 km SW Saghez, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 2000 m, 30.vi.1975, leg. P��zuki, 7 ♂♂, 23 km NE B��neh, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 1750 m, 2.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki; Lores��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Oshtor��nkuh, Gok��n, 2350 m, 29.���30.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Oshtor��nkuh, N Kamand��n, 2040 m, 22.���24.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Broumand; M��zandar��n Prov.: 1 ♂, N Ch��lus, Vali ��b��d,?. viii.1967, leg. Moayeri; Tehr��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Shemshak, 25.vii.1969, leg. Borumand, Ab��i, 1 ♀ 1 ♂, Rudb��r-e Ghasr��n, Garm��bdar, 2370 m, 28.���29.v.1991, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, 4 ♂♂, Rudb��r-e Ghasr��n, Garm��bdar, 2300 m, 13, 14.vii.1993, leg. Ebr��himi, Parchami-Ar��ghi, 1 ♂, Dam��vand, 1910 m, 5.���11.vi.1976, leg. Rajabi, 2 ♂♂, Dam��vand, 28.v.1976, leg. Rajabi, 1 ♂, Dam��vand, ��bsard, 1900 m, 8.viii.1978, leg. P��zuki, Sabzev��ri, 1 ♂, Dam��vand, Cheshmeh Al��, 17.v.1976, leg. Zairi, Lavalle, 1 ♂, Rudehen, 23.vii.1969, leg. Borumand, Ab��i; West ��zarb��ijan Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Orumiyeh, 7 km Silv��n��, Kuhe, 1660 m, 22.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 9 ♂♂, 35 km Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 1440 m, 24.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand (gen. prep. No. HA-1897, HMIM), 2 ♂♂, Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 13.vii.1977, leg. Ab��i, Jav��n-Moghaddam, 1 ♂, Gh��semlu valley, N 37˚16��05˝, E 45˚08��57˝, 1650 m, 19.vii.2006, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 3 ♂♂, M��rmishou (Iran-Turkey border), N 37˚34��26˝, E 44˚37��25˝, 1760 m, 18.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 1 ♂, Tak��b, Takht-e Soleym��n, N 36˚35��40˝, E 47˚19��43.5˝, 2528 m, 1.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n; Zanj��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Taham, T��zehkand, N 36˚55��25.4˝, E 48˚42��51.4˝, 1433 m, 29.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n. MWM: 1 ♂, NW Iran, Cahar Mahali (= Ch��h��rmah��l and Bakhti��ri) Prov., 35 km SE Aligudarz, SW Murak, Dorf Darren Hoz (German spelling of Darreh Hoz vill.; it is located in Esfahan Province), 13.vi.2001, leg. de Freina; 1 ♂, Elbursgebierge (= Elburz Mt.), Dizin bei Gatchar (German spelling of Gachsar), 2400���2800 m, 1.vii.1974, leg. Rose. RYB: 8 ♂♂, Kordestan prov., Marivan- Sghez (= Saghez) road, 10 km S Bastam, 70 km N Marivan, 2500���3000 m, 13.vi.2008, leg. A. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Israel, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Iran, Turkey, Iraq (Daniel 1939, 1963, 1965b; Wiltshire 1944; Barou 1967; Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. N, NW, W, and SW Iran (Fig. 31D). Remarks. This species is currently represented by three subspecies namely, Dyspessacossus fereidun fereidun (Grum-Grshimailo, 1895), D. fereidun ahmadi Wiltshire, 1957 and D. fereidun osthelderi (Daniel, 1932) which according to Yakovlev (2011a), the latter subspecies is distributed in Iran. However, the taxonomic status of these subspecies needs further investigation., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 48-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1895) Lepidoptera Palaearctica nova descripta III. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 29 (1 / 2), 290 - 293.","Wagner, F. (1937) Einige weitere Persische neuheiten (Lep.). Zeitschrift Des Osterr Entomologischen-Vereines, 22, 61 - 63.","Daniel, F. (1932 b) Cossus osthelderi spec. nov. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 22, 95.","Daniel, F. (1939) Zygaenidae-Hepialidae. In: Osthelder, L. & Pfeiffer, E. (Eds.), Lepidopteren-Fauna von Marasch in turkisch Nordsyrien (Sphingidae: pp. 94 - 95). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29, 84 - 103.","Daniel, F. (1963) Ein Beitrag zur Spinner- und Schwamer-fauna des Iran und Afganistans. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 48, 145 - 155.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145.","Wiltshire E. P. (1944) The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Iraq. Their distribution, phenology, ecology and importance. Government of Iraq, Ministry of Economics, Directorate-General of Agriculture. Government Press, Bagdad. Bull., 30, 1 - 101.","Barou, J. (1967) Contribution a la connaissance la faune des Lepidopteres de l'Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 26, 41 - 58.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1957) The Lepidoptera of Iraq. N. Kaye, London, 162 pp., 17 pls."]}

Holcocerus gloriosa gloriosa (Erschoff, 1874) Material examined. HMIM: Ardebil Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Mogh��n, 14.vi.1959, no collector given; Golest��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Gonbad K��vus, Golest��n forest, 21.vi.1974, leg. P��zuki, Rajabi; Ghom Prov.: 17 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Ghom Lake, 27.vi.1969, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, Borumand, 1 ♀, Ghom Lake, 26.v.1970, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Ghom Lake, 15.vi.1970, leg. Ab��i, Mirz��y��ns, 1 ♂, Ghom Lake, 21.vi.1976, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, Vesf, 2450 m, 24.vi.1981, leg. H��shemi; Esfah��n Prov.: 1 ♂, 1 km N Abuzeyd ��b��d- K��sh��n Rd., Kand-e Gusfand, N 33˚59��10.02˝, E 51˚53��42.48˝, 940 m, 1.vi.2005, leg. Fibiger, Zahiri; Kerm��nsh��h Prov.: 1 ♂, Ghasr-e Shirin, Nasr ��b��d, 450 m, 17.viii.1996, leg. V. Nazari, Parchami-Ar��ghi, Bar��ri; Tehr��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Var��min, 1.viii.1949, leg. Eghlidi, 1 ♀, Var��min, Abardezh, 16.vii.1985, leg. Ab��i. MWM: 2 ♂♂, Persia septentrionalis, Elburs-Ziaram (an erroneous spelling of Zi��rat), 11.vii.1977, leg. Sojak; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 100 km SSE Teheran (= Tehr��n), Salzsteppe-Salzsee (= salt steppe- salt sea), Darya-yi Namak (= Salt Lake), Westseite (= W), 400 m, 2.viii.1996, leg. G. M��ller, ex coll. de Freina. RYB: 1 ♂, Horasan (= Khor��s��n), Ferdous (presently is located in the South Khor��s��n Prov.), 20.v.2009, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. N Afghanistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, S Kazakhstan (Christoph 1887a, 1893; Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Daniel 1961; Barou 1967; Falkovich 1986; Weisert 1997; Yakovlev 2006a). Distribution in Iran. N, W, and Central Iran (Fig. 31F)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Erschoff, N. G. (1874) Lepidoptera. In: Fedchenko, A. P. (Ed.), Reise in Turkestan (1874 - 1879). Memoires de la Societe des amis de sciences naturelles, Moscou, 11 (2), pp. 1 - 127. [in Russian]","Christoph, H. (1887 a) Lepidoptera aus dem Achal-Tekke-Gebiete 3. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, pp. 50 - 125.","Christoph, H. (1893) Lepidoptera Nova Faunae Palaearcticae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 6, 86 - 96.","Daniel, F. (1961) Die Bombyces und Sphinges einer Lepidopteren-Ausbeute aus dem Iran. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 53, 1 - 5.","Barou, J. (1967) Contribution a la connaissance la faune des Lepidopteres de l'Iran. Entomologie et Phytopathologie Appliquees, 26, 41 - 58.","Weisert, F. (1997) Osterreichische Turkmenistan-Expedition 1993 und 1996. Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Osterreichisch- er Entomologen, 49, 65 - 70.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]"]}

Dyspessa stroehlei Yakovlev, 2008 (Fig. 6F) Dyspessa stroehlei Yakovlev, 2008b, Eversmannia 15/16: 62. LT: Kars [Nordost-Turkei]. Type material (holotype) in MSW. Material examined. HMIM: West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 24.vii.1976, no collector given. Distribution. Turkey: Kars (Yakovlev 2008b). Distribution in Iran. NW Iran (Fig. 26C). Remarks. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2008 b) New species of Palaearctic and Oriental Cossidae (Lepidoptera). IV. New taxa of the genus Dyspessa Hubner, [1820] from Mediterranean-Iranian region (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Eversmannia, 15 / 16, 53 - 68. [in Russian]"]}

Genus Eremocossus Hampson, 1892 Hampson, 1892, Fauna Brit. India, Moths 1: 313. Type species: Phragmataecia faeda Swinhoe, 1884., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Hampson, G. F. (1892) Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma: Moths. Vol 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, 527 pp."]}

Dyspessa serica Brandt, 1938 (Fig. 6E) Dyspessa serica Brandt, 1938, Ent. Rundsch. 58: 699. LT: Fort Sine-Sefid [Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun, Iran]. Type material (holotype) in NHRS. Material examined. HMIM: F��rs Prov.: 1 ♀, ��b��deh, Shurjest��n, 2000 m, 30.iv.1985, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi; Khuzest��n Prov.: 5 ♂♂, Izeh, ��zhgil, 950 m, 26.iv.1995, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Ardeh, Badii (gen. prep. No. HA-1910, HMIM), 1 ♂, Izeh, Susan, 600 m, 26.iv.1995, leg. Badii, Ardeh, Parchami-Ar��ghi (gen. prep. No. HA-2013, HMIM); Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♀, Y��suj, Sisakht, N 30˚53��46˝, E 51˚25��10˝, 2430 m, 22.vi.2005, leg. Zahiri, Montreuil, 2 ♀♀, K��k��n, Hoseinkh��ni, 2100 m, 26.���27.v.1995, leg. Badii, Sarafr��zi, H��shemi. NHRS: 1 ♂ (holotype) and 1 ♀ (paratype), Fars, Strasse Chiraz-Kazeroun (= Shir��z- K��zerun Rd.), Fort Sine Sefid, 2200 m, 2.v.1937, leg. Brandt. MWM: 1 ♀, Fars, Strasse Chiraz (= Shiraz)- Kazeroun, Fort Sine Sefid, 2200 m, 2.v.1937, leg. Brandt; 21 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Fars, 12 km S Kazan, 2545 m, 1.v.2000, leg. Szabo & Hentschel; 1 ♂, Fars, 30 km N Persepolis, 1.v.1975, leg. W. Thomas; 14 ♂♂, prov. Fars, 12 km S Kazan, 2545 m, 1.v.2000, leg. Szabo & Hentschel; 7 ♂♂, prov. Azerbayejan-E-Sharqi (= East ��zarb��ij��n), 10 km NW Miyane (= Mi��neh), 14.vi.2005, leg. Gyulai & Garal; 4 ♂♂, prov. Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh (= Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad), SE Zagros, 3000 m, Kuh e Dena, n. Bijan pass, 6 km N Cisakht (= Sisakht), 5.vi.2005, leg. Gyulai & Garal; 1 ♂, Ilam prov., 75 km E Ilam, 6.v.2002, leg. Gyulai & Garal; 8 ♂♂, Esfahan prov., C Zagros, 2600 m, 2 km NE Semirom, 9.v.2002. leg. Gyulai & Garal. Distribution. Iran (Daniel 1961). Distribution in Iran. NW, W, SW, and S Iran (Fig. 26B). Comment. In the distribution map (Fig. 26B), the following locality, ��� Fars, 12 km S Kazan��� has not been included. Kazan might be the misspelling of Kazerun, but because of uncertainty, it was excluded., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Brandt, W. (1938) Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-fauna von Iran. Entomologische Rundschau, 55, 698 - 699.","Daniel, F. (1961) Die Bombyces und Sphinges einer Lepidopteren-Ausbeute aus dem Iran. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 53, 1 - 5."]}

Genus Vartiania Yakovlev, 2004 Yakovlev, 2004a, Atalanta 35 (3/4): 365. Type species: Vartiania zaratustra Yakovlev, 2004., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 a) Two new genera of Carpenter-Moths (Cossidae) from the Palaearctic. Atalanta, 35 (3 / 4), 357 - 368."]}

Kotchevnik durelli Yakovlev, 2004 (Figs. 16A, B) Kotchevnik durelli Yakovlev, 2004a, Atalanta 35 (3/4): 363. LT: Garni [Armenia]. Type material (holotype) in MWM. Material examined. HMIM: East ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂ Khod�� ��farin, Arasb��r��n forest, Gandomn��n, N 38˚59��25˝, E 46˚52��12˝, 1280 m, 15.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n (gen. prep. No. HA-2068, HMIM), 1 ♀, Jolf��, Nourduz, Aras river, N 38˚53��59˝, E 46˚17��53˝, 520 m, 14.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n (gen. prep. No. HA-2229, HMIM); West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Khoy, 30 km Qotur, 1480 m, 19.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand (gen. prep. No. HA-832, HMIM), 1♂, Khoy, 1000 m, 7.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, W M��ku, Ghezel Bol��gh, 2220 m, 17.���18.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand (gen. prep. No. HA-2356, HMIM). Diagnosis. This species externally differs from the other species of the genus in smaller size, and somewhat pointed and darker forewings (Figs. 16A, B). Internally, the male genitalia of this species has slightly more curved arms of transtilla, with no incision at the lower margin of juxta (Yakovlev, 2004a).Anterior end of juxta in K. durelli and K. baj Yakovlev, 2011 is quadrate with rounded corners (Fig. 17G); while it is circular in K. schablyai and triangular in K. tapinus and K. modestus, mostly with incision (Fig. 17H). Therefore, the authors believe that the shape of juxta is more important than the incision of its lower margin. Kotchevnik durelli together with K. modestus (Staudinger, 1887) and K. tapinus (P��ngeler, 1898) belong to the ��� modestus ��� species-group (Yakovlev 2004a). The female genitalia of K. durelli is more close to K. tapinus than K. modestus; however, there are few differences between them: In K. durelli sternum VIII has a pair of small sclerotized, nearly rounded plates at the anterior end (Figs. 17A, C, E) which is indistinguishable in K. tapinus (Figs. 17B, D). Moreover, in K. durelli corpus bursae is more or less tube-like and slighltly broadend anteriorly; while in K. tapinus it is cylindrical with nearly equal width throughout the length (Fig. 17B). Description of the female. Female (Figs. 16A, C, D). Head: Vertex with appressed black scales laterally, dirty cream admixed with black scales medially; frons with erect black scales near vertex, in the middle and anterior end with erect black admixed with whitish-cream scales; labial palpus upturned, covered with cream and brown scales laterally as well as a mixture of elongate dark brown and cream scales internally, nearly elongate dark brown setae on lateral sides extended to the end of second segment. Length of the labial palpus nearly 1.2 times as long as the horizontal diameter of compound eye, second segment the longest (almost three times of the length of third segment), third segment slightly smaller than the first one; antenna unipectinate, length less than half the length of forewing, with very short pectin process and two pairs of very short lateral ciliae. Thorax: Grayish-brown admixed with balck scales; tegula with black scales posteriorely. Forewing (Fig. 16A) 15.5 mm, elongate, with smooth costal margin and obliquely rounded termen, apex somewhat pointed; upperside dark gray, at proximal half without pattern, distal half with a reticulate pattern of very narrow and transverse dark brown streakes, ochreouse spot at the basal area beneath the discal cell weakly expressed. Fringes dark-gray basally, dirty-cream distally; underside glossy, slightly paler than the upperside. Hindwing, upperside same as the forewing, with the exception of having no pattern, fringes like forewing; undersides glossy, slightly paler than the upperside. Abdomen: Gray. Genitalia (Figs. 17A, C, E) with papillae anales conical-semispherical, covered with moderate setae, especially at lateral sides; both apophyses posteriores and anteriores elongate and narrow, the former tapering towards the posterior end, length of the apophyses posteriores almost 1.8 times of the length of apophyses anteriores; sternum VIII with a pair of small sclerotized and nearly rounded plates anteriorly; ostium bursae small, with slightly folded edges; antrum membranous, border between antrum and ductus bursae indistinguishable; collicullum absent; ductus bursae membranous, narrow, deeply folded longitudinally, with length less than 0.2 times of the length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae tube-shaped, elongate, slighltly broadend anteriorly, its width eight times of the widest part of ductus bursae, without signum. Distribution. Armenia, Russia (Dagestan), Turkey (Yakovlev 2004a, 2011a). Distribution in Iran. NW Iran (Fig. 32E). Remarks. Kotchevnik durelli was described by Yakovlev (2004a) based on 18 male specimens collected in Armenia, and since then the female remained undescribed (Yakovlev 2004a, 2011a). Among the examined specimens in HMIM, there was a female having the same wing pattern as males. This female, like the male specimens, has been collected in North West of Iran, East Azarbaijan Province. Based on the overall similarity, we considered the female to be conspesific with these males. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran. Comments. Forewing length of the examined males in average is larger (14.3���18.0 mm; = 16.06 mm �� 1.44, n = 5) than that of the holotype (13.0���14.0 mm; see Yakovlev 2004a: 364)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 a) Two new genera of Carpenter-Moths (Cossidae) from the Palaearctic. Atalanta, 35 (3 / 4), 357 - 368.","Staudinger, O. (1887) Centralasiatische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin Entomologische Zeitung), 48 (1 - 3), 49 - 102.","Pungeler, R. (1898) Diagnosen neuer Lepidopteren aus Centralasien. Societas Entomologica, 13 (8), 57 - 58.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Vartiania zaratustra Yakovlev, 2004 (Fig. 15F) Vartiania zaratustra Yakovlev, 2004a, Atalanta 35 (3/4): 367. LT: Hormozgan Prov., Beshagerd Mts. [S. Iran]. Type material (holotype) in MWM. Material examined. HMIM: Hormozg��n Prov.: 7 ♂♂, Bash��gard, 20 km E Senderk, 300 m, 11.v.1977, leg. Safavi, P��zuki, 5 ♂♂, Bash��gard, Senderk, 220 m, 12.v.1977, leg. Safavi, P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-2355, HMIM), 6 ♂♂, Bandar Abb��s, Geno Mt., 1500 m, 6.vi.1997, leg. V. Nazari (gen. prep. No. HA-2352, HMIM), 1♂, Bandar Abb��s, Geno Mt., 450 m, 21.v.2001, leg. Osten, Ebr��himi, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 2 ♂♂, Geno Mt., B��gh Tang, 410 m, 7.���8.v.1977, leg. P��zuki; Kerm��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Jiroft, Dalf��rd, N 29˚00.0��14.3˝, E 57˚36��45.3˝, 2112 m, 27.iv.2012, leg. Afsari��n, Moghaddam, Mozaffari��n (gen. prep. No. HA-1898, HMIM). MWM: Holotype (♂) and 2 ♂♂ paratypes, S Iran, Hormozgan (= Hormozg��n) Prov., Beshagerd (= Bash��gard) Mts., N 26˚34��, E 57˚54��, 600 m, Davari, 6.���11.iv.2000., leg. Sinyaev et Plutenko, ex coll. A. Schintlmeister. Distribution. S Iran, Iraq, Oman (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. Hormozgan (Bashagard) (Yakovlev 2004a) and Kerman (Djiroft [= Jiroft], Anbar Abad) Provinces (Fig. 33D). Remarks. As stated by Yakovlev & Saldaitis (2016), the main genital characteristics of this species, which might be helpful to separate it from its closely allied species, V. beludzhi Yakovlev & Saldaitis, 2016, are as follows: The strongly sclerotized protuberance at the costal margin of valva, the narrow juxta and its apically pointed lateral processes, and the thick phallus with developed preapical spinous processes. These two species, as here revealed, also differ from each other in the shape of gnathos and length of the phallus. In V. zaratustra gnathus is relatively wide (slightly wider than the tip of uncus), with a clear medial notch at the upper edge (Figs. 19A, B); while in V. belutzhi gnathus is distinctly narrower than the tip of uncus, and it is pointed at the middle part of the upper edge. The latter character has also been illustrated by Yakovlev & Saldaitis (2016: 394). Moreover, in V. zaratustra the phallus is slightly longer than the valva comparing to being slightly shorter in V. belutzhi (see also Yakovlev & Saldaitis 2016: 394). It is worth mentioning that among the studied material, there was a male specimen collected in Geno Mt., Hormozgan Province, which was similar to V. senganensis in the forewing pattern, but its genitalia exactly mached with V. zaratustra., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 59-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 a) Two new genera of Carpenter-Moths (Cossidae) from the Palaearctic. Atalanta, 35 (3 / 4), 357 - 368.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Yakovlev, R. V. & Saldaitis A. (2016) Two new species of Cossinae (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) from Sindh Province of Pakistan. Zootaxa, 4079 (3), 393 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4079.3.8"]}

Isoceras bipunctatum (Staudinger, 1887) (Fig. 8F) Endagria bipunctatum Staudinger, 1887, Stett. Ent. Z. 48: 94. LT: SW Kleinasien, Merw, Marash [Turkey]. Type material (holotype) in MHUB. = Dyspessa bipunctata marginepunctata Wiltshire, 1939, Entomol.���s Rec. J. Var. 51 (7���8): 135. LT: Ahwaz [Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. = Dyspessa bipunctata brandti Wiltshire, 1946b, Entomol.���s Rec. J. Var. 58 (3): 29. LT: Ardekan, fruit-gardens, Fars [SW Iran]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. Material examined. HMIM: Ch��h��rmah��l and Bakhti��ri Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Kuhrang, 26.vii.1974, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 26 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Kuhrang, Cheshmeh Ch��lak, 29.vii.1974, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 19 ♂♂, SW Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, Anchuchak, 2500 m, 15.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 39 ♂♂, Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, 2450 m, 11.���14.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand, 41 ♂♂, Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, 2500 m, 4.���5.vi.1989, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii, 4 ♂♂, Zardkuh, 2300 m, 7.���8.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 2 ♂♂, Zardkuh, 2440 m, 15.viii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 7 ♂♂, Khosh��b, Zardkuh, 2310 m, 6.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand, 9 ♂♂, 5 km SW Shalamz��r, Tange Chezgh��n, 7.���10.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand, 1 ♂, S Shalamz��r, Tang-e Chezgh��n, 2200 m, 11.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki; Esfah��n Prov.: 6 ♂♂, Fereydun Shahr, 2200 m, 9.vii.1999, leg. Hofmann, Meineke; F��rs Prov.: 1 ♂, K��zerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, Kotal Pirehzan, 18.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki, 3 ♂♂, Shir��z, 22.vi.1967, leg. Kashkuli, 1 ♂, Sepid��n, Sibkhalaj, Komehr, 29.vi.1963, leg. Mirz��y��ns, 3 ♂♂, Sepid��n, M��rgoon fall, 2020 m, 23.���25.vi.1993, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii; Gil��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Shaft, Ahmad Gur��b, Si��hmezgi vill., N 37˚0.00��56.86˝, E 49˚15��7.95˝, 626 m, 23.vii.2010, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Kerm��nsh��h Prov.: 1 ♂, SE Sar-e Pol-e Zah��b, Sag��n, Nav�� Mt., N 34˚14��12.7˝, E 47˚7��44˝, 1270 m, 26.v.2007, leg. Zahiri; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂, Y��suj, Tang-e Sorkh, 12.���15.vi.1975, leg. Ebert, Falkner, 1 ♂, Y��suj, Tang-e Sorkh, 12.���13.vi.1986, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi, 6 ♂♂, 50 km NW Sepid��n, Tang-e Sorkh, 2250 m, 16.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki, 27 ♂♂, 5 km N Meymand, NW Den�� Mt., 2210 m, 18.���20.viii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, Sisakht, 2250 m, 13.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki, 1 ♂, Sisakht, 2100 m, 16.vi.1986, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi, 12 ♂♂, 15 km SE Y��suj, Sisakht, 2050 m, 15.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki, 1 ♂, Y��suj, 12.vi.1973, leg. H��shemi, Zairi; Kordest��n Prov.: 4 ♂♂, 83 km SE B��neh, 1750 m, 5.���6.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Mariv��n, Mi��neh D��gh, 2000 m, 6.vii.1972, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 1 ♂, 35 km NE Mariv��n, 1550 m, 8.���9.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 2 ♂♂, Sanandaj, ��riz, 2200 m, 5.vii.1972, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 2 ♂♂, Sardasht, N 36˚06��59˝, E 45˚28��17˝, 1500 m, 20.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadzadeh-Khi��b��n, 2 ♂♂, Sarv��b��d- Mariv��n Rd., 29 km to Mariv��n, N 35˚18��51.2˝, E 46˚20��32.7˝, 1100 m, 1.vi.2012, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Lorest��n Prov.: 6 ♂♂, Oshtor��nkuh, Gok��n, 2350 m, 29.���30.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 5 ♂♂, Oshtor��nkuh, Parcheh Kabud, 2800 m, 1.���2.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 28 ♂♂, Oshtor��nkuh, N Kamand��n, 2040 m, 22.���24.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 9 ♂♂, Oshtor��nkuh, Narmi��n, 2400 m, 4.���5.viii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, 15 km E Dorud, Sar��vand, Darb��st��neh, 2000 m, 6.viii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Dorud, Sarcheshmeh, 2300 m, 8.viii.2002, leg. H��jiesmaili��n, Ghayurfar, 2 ♂♂, Azn��, Kamand��n, 2050 m, 1.���2.vii.1990, leg. H��shemi, Ebr��himi, 1 ♂, Azn��, Oshtor��nkuh, Kamand��n, 2050���2300 m, 23.���24.viii.1994, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Sarafr��zi, 3 ♂♂, Azn��, Kamand��n, 2050 m, 23.vii.1994, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Sarafr��zi, 2 ♂♂, Azn��, Kamand��n, 2000 m, 3.viii.1997, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 10 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Aligudarz, Gh��likuh, 2500 m, 21.���22.viii.1994, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Sarafr��zi, 1 ♂, Aligudarz, Gh��likuh, 2200 m, 20.vii.1994, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Sarafr��zi, 1 ♂, 95 km S Aligudarz, Gh��likuh, 2360 m, 25.���26.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, Aligudarz, Sh��h ��b��d, Gh��likuh, 2100 m, 2.viii.1997, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak; Sist��n and Baluchest��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Kh��sh, Kusheh, 2000 m, 21.v.1972, leg. Ab��i, Ebert; West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 1410 m, 11.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 10.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, 35 km Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 1440 m, 24.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 1440 m, 13.vii.1977, leg. Ab��i, Jav��n-Moghaddam, 1 ♂, Gh��semlu valley N 37˚16��05˝, E 45˚08��57˝, 1650 m, 19.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 4 ♂♂, W M��ku, Ghezel Bol��gh, 2220 m, 17.���18.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, Khoy, 30 km Qotur, 1480 m, 19.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, M��rmishou (Iran-Turkey border), N 37˚34��26˝, E 44˚37��25˝, 1760 m, 18.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n. NHRS: Fars, Strasse Chiraz (= Shiraz)- Kazeroun, Fort Sine-Sefid, 2200 m, 1937; Fars, Strasse Ardekan (presently known as Sepid��n)- Talochosroe (= Tall Khosrow which is located in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province), Comee (same as Komehr), 2600 m, 3.vii.1937, leg. Brandt. MWM: Fars, Shiraz; Barm i Firuz, N. Fars; Kordestan, Sanandaj distr., 1900 m. RYB: 1 ♂, N Fars prov., 60 km NW Shiraz, 10 km NW Ardahan (= Ardak��n; presently known as Sepid��n), 2500 m, 2.vi.2008, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 1 ♂, Khuzestan prov., Ahvaz, 22.vi.2011, leg. O. Legezin; 1 ♂, Zagros Mts., Yasuj area, Hafr (= Khafr) v. vic., 2200 m, 1.vi.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey (Antalya, I��el, Gaziantep, Tokat, Sivas, G��m��şhane, Erzurum, Muş), Iran, Lebanon, Jordan, Syrien, Israel, Iraq (Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Le Cerf 1913; Wiltshire 1944; de Freina 1983, 1994; Didmanidze & Yakovlev 2007; Saldaitis et al. 2007). Distribution in Iran. NW, N, W, SW, and S Iran (Fig. 27C)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1887) Centralasiatische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettin Entomologische Zeitung), 48 (1 - 3), 49 - 102.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1939) More notes on Kurdish Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, 51 (7 - 8), 133 - 138","Wiltshire, E. P. (1946 b) Middle East Lepidoptera: new forms and species. VIL Entomologist's record and Journal of Variation, 58 (3), 25 - 31.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Le Cerf, F. (1913) Contribution a la faune lepidopterologique de la Perse. Annales d'Histoire Naturelle, Tome II (Entomologie), 1913, 84.","Wiltshire E. P. (1944) The Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of Iraq. Their distribution, phenology, ecology and importance. Government of Iraq, Ministry of Economics, Directorate-General of Agriculture. Government Press, Bagdad. Bull., 30, 1 - 101.","Freina, J. J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges- Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomeklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57 - 127.","Didmanidze, E. A. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2007) Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Georgia. Entomofauna, 28 (1), 1 - 16.","Saldaitis, A. & Yakovlev, R. V. & Ivinskis, P. (2007) Carpenter moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Lebanon. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 17 (3), 191 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13921657.2007.10512831"]}

Cossulus herzi (Alph��raky, 1893) (Fig. 10D) Hypopta herzi Alph��raky, 1893, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. Iris 6: 346. LT: Samarkand [Uzbekistan]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP. Material examined. MWM: 1 ♂, N Iran, Shahkuh, 1900 m, leg. Wernicke. Distribution. Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, N Iran (W v. Meshed (= Mashhad)), Afghanistan (Herz 1900; Daniel 1964b, 1965b, 1969b; Yakovlev 2006b). Distribution in Iran. N Iran (Fig. 29A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Alpheraky, S. (1893) Lepidoptera nova Asiae Centralis. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 6, 346 - 347.","Herz, O. (1900) Meine Lepidopteren-Ausbeute im nordlichen Buchara und im Seravschan-Gebirge im Jahre 1892. Annuaire du Musee zoologique de l'Academie des sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5, 428 - 439.","Daniel, F. (1964 b) Cossidae aus Afganistan (Lep.). Opuscula Zoologica, 77, 1 - 8, 1 taf.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145.","Daniel, F. (1969 b) Beitrage zur kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans (Bombyces, Lep.). Vedy prirodni. Acta Musei Moraviae, 54, 407 - 414.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 b) A brief review of Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887. Eversmannia, 7 / 8, 3 - 24. [in Russian]"]}

Holcocerus holosericeus holosericeus Staudinger, 1884 (Fig. 14B) Material examined. HMIM: Golest��n Prov.: 31 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, 36 km N Gonbad K��vus, 830 m, 7.vi.1977, leg. Safavi, P��zuki, Ab��i (gen. prep. No. HA-822, HMIM); Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 10 km S Sabzev��r, H��res ��b��d, 940 m, 15.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i, 1 ♂, Neysh��bur, Zabarkh��n Hes��r, 1400 m, 12.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i, 14 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Mashhad- Sarakhs Rd. (km 115), Bazang��n Rd., N 36˚16��45.2˝, E 60˚32��51.2˝, 713 m, 8.vi.2016, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Markazi Prov.: 8 ♂♂, Meymeh, Delij��n, 2000 m, 18.vi.1984, leg. P��zuki, H��shemi; M��zandar��n Prov.: 1 ♂, ��mol, Chamest��n, V��z vill., N 36˚21��49.6˝, E 52˚06��03.1˝, 557 m, 28.vi.2007, leg. ��lipan��h, Nemati��n; Semn��n Prov.: 5 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Abb��s ��b��d- Mi��ndasht Rd., Kh��r Tur��n protected area, 3 km S. Abb��s ��b��d Ranger Sta., N 36˚22��14.7˝, E 56˚15��49.2˝, 1084 m, 10.vi.2016, leg. Falsafi, ��lipan��h; Tehr��n Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Var��min, Abardezh, 2.vii.1986, leg. Ab��i. 1 ♂, NE. Iran, W. Jussuf��b��d, 23.vi.1963, leg. Kasy & Vartian, ex coll. Dr. R. Bender. MWM: 1 ♂, prov. Semnan, 28 km S. Meyamei (May��mey), 1550 m, 7.v.2000, leg. Szabo & Hentschel; 17 ♂♂, 1 ♀, NO Iran, W v. Jussufabad, 23.vi.1963, leg. Kasy & Vartian; 1 ♂, NW. Iran, Marand, 2.viii.1977, leg. W. Thomas. Distribution. Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Kirgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, NW China, N Afghanistan, N and Centarl Iran (Yakovlev 2006a, 2011a). Distribution in Iran. N and Central Iran (Fig. 32A). Habitat. Deserts. Comment. Due to unavailability of the coordinates for ���Jussuf��b��d or Jussufabad���, this locality was excluded from the distribution map (Fig. 32A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger O. (1884) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren-Fauna des Achal-Tekke-Gebietes 1. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 1, pp. 139 - 154.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Dyspessa albosignata Rothschild, 1912 (Fig. 5B) Dyspessa clathrata albosignata Rothschild, 1912, in: Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 2 (1): 451. LT: Imam-baba, Transkaspia [Turkmenistan]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. Material examined. HMIM: North Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Khosrawiyeh, ��l��d��gh, 1600 m, 16.vi.1974, leg. Rajabi, P��zuki, 2 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, Sulgerd, 1150 m, 8.v.1999, leg. Moghaddam, Bar��ri, Manzari (gen. prep. No. HA-1909, HMIM); Tehr��n Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, T��r Lake, 2700 m, 24.viii.1992, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii. MWM: 2 ♂♂, NO Persien, Khorassan (= Khor��s��n), Abassabad (= Abb��s ��b��d) NP, 1200 m, 12.v.?, leg. de Freina. Distribution. Turkmenistan, NE Iran (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. N and NE Iran (Fig. 24B). Habitat. Deserts., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Rothschild, W. (1912) Errata and Addenda to the Cossidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Band 2. Abteilung 1. Die Palaearktischen Spinner & Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen. Stuttgart, pp. 450 - 452.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 Staudinger, 1884, in: Romanoff, M��m. L��p. 1: 139. Type species: Cossus (Holcocerus) nobilis Staudinger, 1884., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger O. (1884) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Lepidopteren-Fauna des Achal-Tekke-Gebietes 1. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 1, pp. 139 - 154."]}

Dyspessa ulula kasrii Daniel, 1964 (Fig. 8B) Dyspessa ulula kasrii Daniel, 1964a, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 54: 196. LT: Berge ostlich von Kasri Schirin [SW Iran]. Type material (holotype) in NMW. Material examined. HMIM: F��rs Prov.: 1 ♀, K��zerun, G��wkoshak, 1150 m, 18.v.1975, leg. P��zuki, Borumand; Kerm��nsh��h Prov.: 10 ♀♀, SE Sar-e Pol-e Zah��b, Sag��n, Nav�� Mt., N 34˚14��12.7˝, E 46˚7��44˝, 1270 m, 26.v.2007, leg. Zahiri, 1 ♀, 5 km S Rij��b, N 34˚27��9.9˝, E 46˚00��51.4˝, 1300 m, 24.v.2007, leg. Zahiri; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, ��lmeh, 1650 m, 17.���25.v.1988, leg. P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-1918, HMIM); West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 10.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i. MWM: 2 ♂♂, paratypes: SW Iran, Berge O. v. Kasri Sohirin (German translation of Mt. at the E Ghasr-e Shirin), 24.v.1963, leg. Kasy & Vartian; 3 ♂♂, Prov. Buyer Ahmad (= Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province), 3 km N Sisaht (= Sisakht), 2700 m, N 51˚32��, E 31˚09��, 10.���12.v.1998, leg. Fabian & Szekely. RYB: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, C. Horasan (= Khor��s��n), 15 km SW Khezry Dasht-e-Bayaz, 1800 m, 8.vi.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko; 21 ♂♂, Horasan (= Khor��s��n), Khezri, 30.v.2009, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Iran (Daniel 1964a, 1965b). Distribution in Iran. E, W, NE, and SW Iran (Fig. 26E)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1964 a) Monographie der palaearctishen Cossidae. VII. Genus Dyspessa Hbn. Zweiter Teil, Genus Paropta Stgr. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 54, 181 - 236.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145."]}

Genus Paracossulus Schoorl, 1990 Schoorl, 1990, Zool. Verh. 263: 64. Type species: Bombyces thrips H��bner, 1818., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Schoorl, J. W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1 - 295.","Hubner, J. (1818) In: Hubner, J. & Geyer, C., Zutrage Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, bestehend in Bekundigung einzelner Fliegmuster neuer oder rarer nichteuropaischer Gattungen, Vol. 1. 1761 - 1826. Jakob Hubner, Augsburg, 40 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12439"]}

Mormogystia reibellii (Oberth��r, 1876) (Fig. 15C) Hypopta reibellii Oberth��r, 1876, Et. L��pid. Comp. 1: 40. LT: Biskra [Algeria]. Type material (syntypes) in MNHN. Synonymy: = Hypopta mussolinii Turati, 1927, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Milano 66 (3���4): 322. LT: Giarabub [NE Libya]. Type material (holotype) is lost. = Hypopta cognate Kr��ger, 1939, Ann. Mus. Libico St. Nat. 1: 331. LT: Beni Ulid [Libya]. Type material (holotype) in MLT. Material examined. HMIM: Hormozg��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Bandar Abb��s, 24.iv.1977, leg. Mortazavih��. NMW: 1 ♂, S Iran, 8 km ��stl. (= E) Bandar-Abbas, 11.iv.1972. Distribution. Saudi Arabia, Oman, UAE, Yemen, Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Mauritania, Niger, Chad (Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Rothschild 1917; Wiltshire 1949b, 1980, 1990; Herbulot & Viette 1952; Speidel & Hassler 1989; de Freina & Witt 1990; Legrain & Wiltshire 1998; Hacker 1999; Hacker et al. 1999; Salem et al. 1999; Hacker et al. 2001; Borth et al. 2011; Yakovlev 2006b, 2011a). Distribution in Iran. S Iran (Fig. 33A). Habitat. Deserts. Host plants. Acacia Martius (1829) (Fabaceae) (Hampson 1896). Remarks. Both the genus and species are newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Oberthur, Ch. (1876) Faune des Lepidopteres de l'Algerie. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 1, 40 - 41.","Turati, E. (1927) Novita di Lepitotterologia in Cirenaica II. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 66, 3 - 344.","Kruger, G. C. (1939) Notizie sulla Fauna della Sirtica Occidentale: Lepidopteri. Annali del museo libico di storia naturale, 1, 330 - 332.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Rothschild, W. (1917) Supplemental notes to Mr. Charles Oberthur's faune des Lepidoptdres de la Barbarie, with lists of the specimens contained in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 24, 393 - 409.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1949 b) The Lepidoptera of the Kingdom of Egypt. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 381 - 432.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1980) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 2, 186.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1990) An Illustrated Annotated Catalogue of the Macro-Heterocera of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11, 91 - 250.","Herbulot, C. & Viette, P. (1952) Mission de l'Office National Antiacriden au Tibesti-Tchad (1949). Lepidopteres Heteroceres. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 121, 77 - 80.","Speidel, W. & Hassler, M. (1989) Die Schmetterligsfauna der sudlichen algerischen Sahara und ihrer Hochgebirge Hoggar und Tassili n'Ajjer (Lepidoptera). Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo, Supplement 8, 1 - 156","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Legrain, A., & Wiltshire, E. P. (1998) Provisional Checklist of the Macro-heterocera of UAE. Tribulus, 8 (2), 5 - 8.","Hacker, H. H., Schreier, H. - P. & Bischof, A. (1999) Lepidoptera of Yemen Arab Republic, collected by A. Bischof, H. Hacker and H. - P. Schreier in autumn 1996 and B. Muller in summer 1987. Esperiana, 7, 267 - 282.","Salem, M. M., Badr, M. A. & El-Hefny A. M. (1999) Flight Activity and Population Dynamics of Nocturnal Lepidopterous Moths at Hada El-Sham Wester egion Saudi Arabia. Journal of king abdulaziz university, 10, 3 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.4197 / met. 10 - 1.1","Hacker, H. H., Aulombard, F., Bischof, A., Bittermann, J., Fibiger, M. & Schreier, H. - P. (2001) Lepidoptera of Yemen Arab Republic, collected in 1996, 1998 and 2000. Esperiana, 8, 597 - 600.","Borth, R., Ivinskis, P., Saldaitis, A. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2011) Cossidae of the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen). ZooKeys, 122, 45 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 122.1213","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 b) A brief review of Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887. Eversmannia, 7 / 8, 3 - 24. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Hampson, G. F. (1896) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol. 4. Dr. W. Junk b. v. Publishers, The Hague, 594 + XXVIII pp."]}

Paropta paradoxa (Herrich-Sch��ffer, 1851) Cossus paradoxus Herrich-Sch��ffer, 1851, Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 6: 39. LT: Smyrna [Izmir, Turkey]. Type material (holotype) is lost. Distribution. Cyprus, Rhodos, Karpathos, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Iran, Jordan (Staudinger 1871a, 1879a; Staudinger & Rebel 1901; Anders & Seitz 1923; Wiltshire 1949b, 1980, 1990; Kiriakoff 1960; de Freina & Witt 1990; Schoorl 1990; de Freina 1996; Hacker 1999; Lewandowski & Fischer 2002; Yakovlev 2006b). Host plants. Ficus carica L., F. pseudosycomorus Decne, Albizia lebbech (L.) Benth., Vitis vinifera L., Olea europeae L., Ceratonia siliqua L. (Anders & Seitz 1923; Schoorl 1990; Lewandowski & Fischer 2002). Remarks. This species currently includes two subspecies, Paropta paradoxa paradoxa (Herrich-Sch��ffer, [1851]) and P. paradoxa kathikas Yakovlev & Lewandowski, 2007, of which the former is distributed in Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Staudinger, O. (1871 a) In: Staudinger, O. & Wocke, M. F. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faunengebiets. I. Macrolepidoptera. Hofbuchhandlung von Hermann Burdach, Dresden, pp. 61 - 63.","Staudinger, O. (1879 a) Lepidopteren-Fauna Kleinasien's. Horae Societatis Entomologique Rossicae, 14, 340 - 350.","Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (1901) In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes I. Theil: Famili. Papilionidae - Hepialidae. Third edition. R. Friedlanger und Sohn, Berlin, pp. 1 - 411","Anders, A. & Seitz, A. (1923) Die Lepidopteren-Fauna Egyptens. Senckenbergiana, 5, 27 - 29.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1949 b) The Lepidoptera of the Kingdom of Egypt. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 33, 381 - 432.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1980) Insects of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 2, 186.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1990) An Illustrated Annotated Catalogue of the Macro-Heterocera of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 11, 91 - 250.","Kiriakoff, S. G. (1960) Lepidopteres Heteroceres (Partim) recoltes par P. Lippens en Jordanie et en Arabie Sequdite. Bulletin de l'Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, 36, 11 - 12.","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Schoorl, J. W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1 - 295.","Freina, J. J. de (1996) Cossidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J. (Eds.), The Lepidoptera of Europe. A distributional Checklist. Apollo Books, Soro, pp. 129 - 130.","Lewandowski, S. & Fischer, K. - H. (2002) Beitrag zur Schwarmer- und Spinnerfauna von Zypern, sowie eine Ubersichet der bisher bekennten Arten (Lepidoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 112 (9), 264 - 272.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 b) A brief review of Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887. Eversmannia, 7 / 8, 3 - 24. [in Russian]"]}

Deserticossus campicola (Eversmann, 1854) (Fig. 13D) Cossus campicola Eversmann, 1854, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 27 (2): 184. LT: Kirgisensteppen, Sir [Syr-Darja, S. Kazakhstan]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP. Material examined. HMIM: West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 35 km N Mah��b��d, Khorkhoreh vill., K��nibor��z��n swamp, N 36˚59��04.8˝, E 45˚45��48.8˝, 1328 m, 28.vi.2015, leg. N��serz��deh, H��jiesmaili��n, 1 ♀, 42 km Marand, 1100 m, 7.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i. Distribution. Russia (Daghestan, Astrahan reg., Kalmykiya), Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,?W China, Turkmenistan (Erschoff & Fild 1870; Staudinger 1871a; Christoph 1888b, 1893; Uvarov 1910; Krivokhatskyi 1985; Falkovich 1986; Yakovlev 2005, 2006a). Distribution in Iran. NW Iran (Fig. 31C). Host plants. Haloxylon (Falkovitch 1986). Remarks. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Eversmann, E. (1854) Beitrage zur Lepidopterologie Russlands, und Beschreibung einiger anderen Insecten aus den sudlichen Kirgisensteppen, den nordlichen Ufern des Aral Sees und des Sir-Darjas. Bulletin de la Societe des naturalistes de Moscou, 27 (2), 174 - 205.","Erschoff, N. G. & Fild, A. (1870) Catalogus lepidopterorum imperii Rossici. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 4, 130 - 205.","Staudinger, O. (1871 a) In: Staudinger, O. & Wocke, M. F. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faunengebiets. I. Macrolepidoptera. Hofbuchhandlung von Hermann Burdach, Dresden, pp. 61 - 63.","Uvarov, B. P. (1910) To the Fauna of Lepidoptera of Transural Kirgiz steppe. Russian Entomological Review, 10 (3), 161 - 169.","Krivokhatskyi, V. A. (1985) Insects of Repetek. Cadastre of species. Ylym, Ashkhabad, 33 pp. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2005) New records of distribution and systematic of Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Europe and adjacent territories. Eversmannia, 3 - 4, 18 - 27.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]","Falkovitch, M. I. (1986) Lepidoptera from Kuldzhuktau Mountain and submountain plain, (southwest Kyzylkum). Fauna Cheshuekrylykh (Lepidoptera) SSSR [USSR]. Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva, 67, 131 - 186. [in Russian]"]}

Cossulus kopetdaghensis Yakovlev & Alipanah, sp. n. (Figs. 12A, B) Material examined. MWM: Holotype, 1 ♂, Iran, Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: Kopet Dagh, Bargovein Mt. (= Barjovein Mt.), Shahr-e Kohneh, 27.���28.vi.2000, leg. Gazk�� (gen. prep. No. MWM 34.604); paratypes, 3 ♂♂, same locality and data. Diagnosis. From all the studied species of Cossulus, which was recently revised by Yakovlev & Witt (2017a), it externally differs well by the specific reticulated pattern of the forewing and the pale brown portion on its surface in the center (Fig. 12A). Additionally, the newly described species is differentiated from the other species of the genus by having a short uncus (Fig. 12B). Description. Male (Fig. 12A). Head: Vertex and frons with yellow scales; labial palpus covered with similar scales, with length slightly more than the half length of horizontal diameter of compound eye; antenna unipectinate, with length 0.4 times the length of forewing, pecten process shorter than the antennal segment diameter. Thorax: Densely covered with yellow-brown scales; tegula and patagium yellow-brown. Wingspan 35���39 mm (n = 4). Forewing (Fig. 12A). Elongate, with obliquely rounded termen, apex rounded; upperside yellowish-brown with pale brown streakes along the costal margin, pale brown pattern of thin streakes throughout the wing area, and a pale brown portion from discal area to the apex, fringes mottled (pale brown at veins and yellow between the veins). Hindwing upperside pale brown, without pattern, fringes pale yellow, unicolorous. Abdomen: Densely covered with yellow-brown scales. Genitalia (Fig. 12B) typical for the genus in structure, with phallus being thin, almost straight, equal to the length of valva, having the same width along its length. Bulbus ejaculatorius positioned dorso-apically, length of its entrance one-third of the length of phallus, vesica without cornuti; saccus developed; juxta thin, with long lateral processes (equal to the transtilla processes) diluted at right angle; transtilla process bent uncinately, with sharp apex; valva sclerotized basally, membranous distally, with lanceolate apex and poorly developed crest on costal margin; gnathos robust, densely covered with small spines, gnathos arms long and thick; uncus short, wide, with rounded apex. Female unknown. Distribution. Iran. Distribution in Iran. NE Iran (Fig. 29D). Etymology. This species is named after the collecting area in Kopet Dagh Mountains., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. & Witt, Th. (2017 a) World catalogue of the genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) with description of Cossulus irtlachi sp. nov. from Kyrgyzstan. Zootaxa, 4311 (1), 062 - 080. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4311.1.4"]}

Eremocossus erebuni Yakovlev, 2008 (Fig. 18B) Eremocossus vaulogeri erebuni Yakovlev, 2008a, Atalanta 39 (1���4): 407. LT: Parak [Armenia]. Type material (holotype) in ZISP. Material examined. HMIM: West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 15 km NE M��ku, 6.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i (gen. prep. No. HA-2413, HMIM). Distribution. Armenia (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. NW Iran (Fig. 33F). Remark. The subspecies E. vaulogeri erebuni was described by Yakovlev (2008a) based on two female specimens collected in Armenia and then raised to E. erebuni by Yakovlev (2019) after discovering a single male specimen from Armenia (Karaglukh). This species is similar to E. vaulogeri and in addition to the differences between these two species stated by Yakovlev (2019), we found some other differences in pecten processes of the antennae and male genitalia. In E. erebuni, the paired processes of each anntennal segment are interconnected (Fig. 20A); while in the E. vaulogeri they are only joined basally (Fig. 20B). In both species few proximal and distal antennal segments are nearly the same. Considering the male genitalia, lateral processes of juxta are triangular and more or less finger-shaped anteriorly in E. erebuni (Fig. 20C) compared to being spherical in E. vaulogeri (Fig. 20E). Moreover, transtilla armes in E. erebuni are stouter than in E. vaulogeri with deeply dentate upper surface (Figs. 20C, E) and the distal membranous part of valva is shorter than that of E. vaulogeri. This speces is newly reported for the fauna of Iran., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V. (2008 a) Notes about the Genus Eremocossus Hampson, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae). Atalanta, 39 (1 - 4), 404 - 411.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2019) Eremocossus erebuni Yakovlev, 2008, stat. n. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) - bona species. Russian Entomological Journal, 28 (4), 458 - 459."]}

Cossulus turcomanica (Christoph, 1893) (Fig. 13A) Hypopta turcomanica Christoph, 1893, Dtsch. Entomol. Z. Iris 6: 88. LT: Askhabad, Pul-i-Hatum, Tekke [Turkmenistan]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP. Material examined. HMIM: Golest��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Gonbad K��vus, Golest��n forest, 21.vi.1974, leg. P��zuki, Rajabi; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Esfar��yen- J��jarm Rd., 21 km W Esfar��yen, Ch��h��rmar��n, S��luk protected area, N 37˚12��23.6˝, E 57˚15��25.7˝, 1463 m, 18.vi.2013, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Akhlamad, 1250 m, 16.vii.1971, leg. ��yatoll��hi, P��zuki, 1 ♂, Daregaz, N Tandoreh National Park, Chelmir, N 37˚23��33.6˝, E 58˚51��23.3˝, 1018 m, 24.vi.2014, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi. MWM: 1 ♂, Asterabad (= Astarabad, presently known as Gorg��n), 30 km S Shah Pasand (Presently known as ��z��d Shahr), 19.v.1975, leg. W. Thomas. RYB: 1 ♂, Horosan (= Khor��s��n) Prov., Birjand area, Khezri, 1800 m, 7.vi.2011, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Turkmenistan, N Afghanistan, NE Iran (Daniel 1964b; Devyatkin 1989; Yakovlev 2006b). Distribution in Iran. NE Iran (Fig. 30E)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Christoph, H. (1893) Lepidoptera Nova Faunae Palaearcticae. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 6, 86 - 96.","Daniel, F. (1964 b) Cossidae aus Afganistan (Lep.). Opuscula Zoologica, 77, 1 - 8, 1 taf.","Devyatkin, A. L. (1989) New data about fauna Macrolepidoptera of West Kopet-Dag. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie [Entomological Review], 68 (3), 568 - 569. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 b) A brief review of Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Genus Cossulus Staudinger, 1887. Eversmannia, 7 / 8, 3 - 24. [in Russian]"]}

Cossus cossus araraticus Teich, 1896 Cossus araraticus Teich, 1896, Stett. Ent. Ztg. 57: 28. LT: Igdyn [prov. Igdir, NE Turkey], Mugansteppe [S. Armenia, Mugan]. Type material (syntypes) in MNHR. Cossus cossus armeniaca Rothschild, 1912, syn. n. Cossus cossus armeniaca Rothschild, 1912, in: Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 2 (1): 451. LT: Hadjin [Adana prov., Taurus Mts., central Turkey]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. Synonymy: = Cossus giganteus Schwingenschuss, 1938, Ent. Rundsch. 55 (16): 176. LT: Sultan Dagh [Sultandagi, prov. Afyon, central Turkey]. Type material (holotype) in NMW. Diagnosis. During this study, a great number of material of Cossus cossus from Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Eastern Turkey and NW Iran, including the type specimens of both C. cossus armeniaca Rothschild, 1912 and C. cossus araraticus Teich, 1896 were examined; however, no significant morphological differences among the studied specimens were observed. Therefore, here we conider C. cossus araraticus as senior synonym of C. cossus armeniaca, syn. n. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov.: 1 ♂, Karaj, ��s��r��, 110 km N Karaj, 1960 m, 27.vi.1971, leg. Safavi, Borumand, K��vi��n, Gh��zioff, 1 ♂, Karaj, Arangeh, 1550 m, 15.vi.1972, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, K��vi��n, Gh��zioff, 2 ♂♂, Kandov��n, 2600 m, 3.���4.vii.1995, leg. Sarafr��zi, Linnavori, Badii, 13 ♂♂, Karaj, Kandov��n, Sarch��l, 2800 m, 4.���8.vii.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��, 1 ♂, Karaj, Kondor, 1850 m, 14.vi.1992, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, 1 ♂, Karaj, Sharest��nak, 2100 m, 10.���11.vii.1995, leg. Sarafr��zi, Linnavori, Badii, 2 ♂♂, ��z��dbar, 2400 m, 7.��� 9.v.1995, leg. Sarafr��zi, Badii, Linnavori, 4 ♂♂, 6 km E ��z��dbar, T��legh��n, 2350 m, 21.vii.1988, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii, 1 ♂, T��legh��n, 8 km W Zidasht, 2200 m, 10.���13.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��, 1 ♂, S��vojbol��gh, E Gatehdeh, Elburs Mts., N 36˚10��39.6˝, E 51˚02��20.9˝, 2260 m, 31.vii.���1.viii.2007, leg. Zahiri, ��lipan��h, Falsafi; Ardebil Prov.: 1 ♂, Mogh��n, 20.vi.1968, leg. Arghand, 1 ♂, Mogh��n, 17.vi.1974, leg. Borumand, 2 ♂♂, Sarband, Mogh��n, 18.v.1961, leg. Mirz��y��ns, 2 ♂♂, Heyr��n Rd., N 38˚23��20.9˝, E 48˚36��44.1˝, 1015 m, 21.vi.2007, leg. Zahiri, Mozaffari��n, 1 ♂, Khalkh��l, N 37˚35��41.0˝, E 48˚37��45.3˝, 2000 m, 17.vi.2007, leg. Zahiri, Mozaffari��n; East ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂, 62 km Khalkh��l, 1500 m, 29.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♀, Bost��n ��b��d, Chini Bol��gh, 2300 m, 25.vi.1985, leg. Mirz��y��ns, P��zuki, 3 ♂♂, Tabriz, Gharah Chaman, 1100 m, 23.vi.1985, leg. Mirz��y��ns, P��zuki, 1 ♂, N Sahand Mt., 2240 m, 2.���3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii, 1 ♂, Ahar, Hor��nd, 1000 m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii, 1 ♂, Osku, Kandov��n, Arshad Chaman, 2650 m, 4.viii.1994, leg. Ebr��himi, Sarafr��zi, 5 ♂♂, Khod�� ��farin, Arasb��r��n forest, Gandomn��n, N 38˚59��25˝ E 46˚52��12˝, 1280 m, 15.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Mi��neh, Bozghush Mt., Torkm��nch��y, Kalhor, N 37˚42��27˝, E 47˚22��25˝, 2150 m, 12.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri; Gil��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, As��lem, Parehsar, 14.v.1977, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, As��lem, Parehsar, 950 m, 14.viii.1974, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, Bandar Anzali, 10, 15.vi.1966, leg. Mirz��y��ns, 1 ♂, Bandar Anzali, Punel, 30 km S As��lem, 250 m, 12.viii.1974, leg. Borumand, Mirz��y��ns, Ilkh��ni, 1 ♂, As��lem, 250 m, 12.���13.viii.1992, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Badii, 1 ♂, ��st��r��, km 5 Ardebil Rd., 100 m, 26.v.1997, leg. Sarafr��zi, Badii, V. Nazari, 1 ♂, ��st��r��, Fandogh Poshteh, 726 m, 18.vi.2001, leg. Ghayurfar, 1 ♂, T��lesh, Lemir, 20 m, 16.vi.2002, leg. H��jiesmaili��n, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Deuve, Montreuil, 1 ♂, ��st��r��- Namin Rd., 10 km W ��st��r��, N 38˚26��01.7˝, E 48˚46��47.3˝, 97 m, 24.vii.2007, leg. Zahiri, ��lipan��h, 1 ♂, ��st��r��- Ardebil Rd., Meshend, Goudi Evlar vill., N 38˚23��32.3˝, E 48˚35��59.2˝, 488 m, 1.viii.2008, leg. Nemati��n, ��lipan��h, 1 ♂, Rudb��r, Amlash, D��m��sh, N 36˚45��44.6˝, E 49˚48��16.8˝, 1750 m, 13.���15.vi.2006, leg. Zahiri, Falsafi, 1 ♂, Rudb��r, Arben��b, Dorfak, 2400���2700 m, 29.���31.vii.1999, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 1 ♀, Fuman, Gashtrudkh��n, N 37˚08��00.0˝, E 49˚11��00.0˝, 295 m, 29.vi.2008, leg. ��lipan��h, Nemati��n, 5 ♂♂, Rezv��n Shahr, Dor��n forest, N 37˚35��44.7˝, E 49˚0.4��51.7˝, 110 m, 19.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n, Sarafr��zi; Kordest��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, 45 km SW Saghez, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 2000 m, 1.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 4 ♂♂, 28 km Sanandaj, 1600 m, 16.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i, 3 ♂♂, 23 km NE B��neh, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 1750 m, 2.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Mariv��n, 5.vii.1972, leg. Borumand, Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i; M��zandar��n Prov.: 1 ♂, ��mol, Rudb��r, 1600 m, 20.viii.1981, leg. H��shemi, 1 ♂, Ch��lus, Si��hbisheh, 25.vi.1974, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, Ch��lus, Vali ��b��d,?. viii.1967, leg. Moayeri, 1 ♀, Kel��rdasht, 981 m, 23.vi.2001, leg. Ghayurfar, 1 ♂, Kel��rdasht, 6.ix.1969, leg. Zairi, 1 ♂, Kel��rdasht, 24.vii.1980, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 1 ♂, Marz��n ��b��d, 400 m, 6.vii.1995, leg. Badii, Sarafr��zi, Linnavori, 5 ♂♂, Nasht��rud, Polsar��, 250 m, 7.vi.1982, leg. H��shemi, 1 ♂, S Nek��, Nek�� Choob, part 1, Nah��lest��n, Van��mak, N Elburz Mt., N 36˚30��29.2˝, E 53˚23��23.4˝, 660 m, 16.���17.ix.2007, leg. Zahiri, Falsafi, 1 ♂, Nowshahr, Hez��rcham,?. vi.1967, leg. Moayeri, 1 ♂, Nur, 10.vii.1967, leg. Moayeri, 1 ♂, Nur, Panj��b, 1250 m, 18.viii.1981, leg. H��shemi, 1 ♂, Ruy��n, Kodirsar, 1200 m, 1.vii.2000, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Bar��ri, Deuve, 7 ♂♂, S��ri, Ki��sar, 1600 m, 23.vi.2000, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Deuve, 1 ♂, R��msar, Dormod, 1125 m, 4.���5.vii.2000, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Ebr��himi, Deuve, 1 ♂, S��ri, Ki��sar, N 36˚14��22.5˝, E 53˚32��53.4˝, 1360 m, 3.vii.2005, leg. Moghaddam, Serri, H��jiesmaili��n, 1 ♂, Sangdeh, Cheshmeh Bul��, 1650 m, 25.vi.1998, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 1 ♂, D��mgh��n- S��ri Rd., Ki��sar, 1600 m, 22.���23.vii.2000, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Deuve, 2 ♂♂, Tonek��bon, 17.vii.1980, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 1 ♂, Tonek��bon lab., 5.vii.1983, leg. Rudsari, 3 ♂♂, Tonek��bon, Dohez��r, Asal Mahalleh, 1400���1800 m, 9.viii.1999, leg. Badii, Ebr��himi, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 3 ♂♂, Tonek��bon, Sehez��r, 980 m, 27.vi.1998, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 1 ♂, Sehez��r, ��sh Mahaleh, 760 m, 7.ix.1990, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, 1 ♂, Abb��s ��b��d Mt., 18.vii.1980, leg. H��shemi, Zairi, 4 ♂♂, Zir��b, Palang Darreh, 540 m, 24.���25.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��; Tehr��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, T��r Lake, 2700 m, 25.vii.1988, leg. Borumand, Mirz��y��ns, Badii, 1 ♂, L��r, Em��mz��deh, 2500 m, 13.viii.1993, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Ebr��himi, 1 ♂, NE Tehr��n, Rudehen, Mob��rak ��b��d, 8.vi.1982, leg. H��shemi, 1 ♂, Rudb��r-e Ghasr��n, Garm��bdar, 2370 m, 28.���29.v.1991, leg. Ebr��himi, Badii, 1 ♂, Firuzkuh, Chehel Cheshmeh, 1930 m, 29.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari; West ��zarb��ij��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Khoy, 30 km Qotur, 1480 m, 19.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♀, 50 km Sardasht, Pir��nshahr, 1400 m, 16.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, W M��ku, Ghezel Bol��gh, 2220 m, 17.���18.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, W M��ku, Ghezel Bol��gh, 1910 m, 27.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, R��zh��n, 30 km SW Orumiyeh, 1650 m, 24.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, 35 km Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 1440 m, 24.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand (gen. prep. No. HA-1896, HMIM), 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, 7 km Silv��n��, Kuhe, 1660 m, 22.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♂, Tak��b, Takht-e Soleym��n, N 36˚35��40˝, E 47˚19��43.5˝, 2528 m, 1.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n, 2 ♂♂, Tak��b- Sh��hindezh Rd., N 36˚32��19.7˝, E 46˚41��43.9˝, 1521 m, 2.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n; Zanj��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Zanj��n, Bughd�� Kandy, Yukh��rich��y, 1000 m, 7.vii.1997, leg. Bar��ri, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 1 ♂, Zanj��n- ��bbar Rd., 40 km after Zanj��n, N 36˚44��07.8˝, E 46˚47��34.2˝, 1706 m, 5.vi.2012, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi, 1 ♀, Aramagh��n Kh��neh, M��ri vill., N 36˚59��52.0˝, E 48˚28��39.0˝, 2300 m, 21.vi.2015, leg. N��serz��deh, H��jiesmaili��n, Montreuil. MWM: 2 ♂♂, Zanjan, Kuh e Sendan, 25 km NE. Zanjan, 15.vii.1997, leg. Eckweiler & ten Hagen; 17 ♂♂, Zangan (= Zanj��n) prov., Zangan (= Zanj��n) distr., 1900 m, 1.���12.vi.1999, leg. Gasko; 5 ♂♂, Elburs Mts., Tacht i Suleiman (erroneous spelling of Takht-e Soleym��n), Sardab Tal (= Sardab valley), Vandarban (= Vand��rbon), 2200 m, 10.vii.1937, leg. Pfeiffer; 3 ♂♂, Elburs, 15 km S Chalus, 15.v.1975, leg. W. Thomas; 1 ♂, Elburs, umg. Tehran, Karaj, 1600 m, 9.v.1977, leg. de Freina; 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Mazandaran Prov., 35 km S Amol, 500 m, 3.v.1998, leg. Fabian, Szekely; 1 ♂, East Azerbajdzan (= ��zarb��ij��n), Ardabil distr., 1500 m, 8.vi.1999, leg. Gasko; 7 ♂♂, Elburs, Dizin, 2600 m,?. vii.1976, leg. J. C. Weiss; 1 ♂, Elburs, Kendevan (= Kandov��n), 2800 m, 8.viii.1978, leg. W. Thomas. Distribution. Russian Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, NE and Central Turkey, N and Central Iran, except north-eastern part (Christoph 1873, 1876; Romanoff 1885; Milyanovsky 1964; Didmanidze 1975, 1976 a, 1978; Yakovlev 2009b). Distribution in Iran. N and NW Iran (Fig. 31A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Teich, C. A. (1896) Einiges uber kaukasische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung (Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung), 57, 27 - 28.","Rothschild, W. (1912) Errata and Addenda to the Cossidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Band 2. Abteilung 1. Die Palaearktischen Spinner & Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen. Stuttgart, pp. 450 - 452.","Schwingenschuss, L. A. (1938) Sechster Beitrag zur Lepidopterefauna Inner-Anatoliens. Entomologische Rundschau, 55 (16), 176 - 177.","Christoph, H. (1873) Weiter Beitrag zum Verzeichnisse der in Nord-Persien einheimischen Schmetterlinge. Horae Societatis Entomologique Rossicae, 10, 32.","Christoph, H. (1876) Sammelergebnisse aus Nordpersien, Krasnowodsk in Turkmenien und dem Daghestan. Horae Societatis Entomologique Rossicae, 12, 206.","Romanoff, N. M. (1885) Les Lepidopteres de la Transcaucasie 2. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 2, pp. 1 - 118.","Milyanovsky, E. S. (1964) Fauna of Lepidoptera of Abkhaziya. Trudy Sukhumskoi opytnoi stancii efirnomaslichnykh kultur, 5, 91 - 190. [in Russian] https: // doi. org / 10.1001 / jama. 1964.03070140097042","Didmanidze, E. A. (1975) Materials on fauna of Macrolepidoptera of Minor Caucasus (Meskhet-Dzhavakheti, South Georgia). Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Muzeia Gruzii, 28 A, 293 - 336. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1976 a) At the investigation of fauna of Macrolepidoptera of Minor Caucasus (Tsalka-Dmanisi districts). Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Muzeia Gruzii, 29 A, 154 - 183. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1978) Moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) of arid landscapes of Georgia. Tbilisi: Metzniereba, 318 pp. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V., (2009 b) Systematic review of Goat Moth - Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Amurian Zoological Journal, 1 (1), 57 - 71."]}

Genus Semagystia Schoorl, 1990 Schoorl, 1990, Zool. Verh. 263: 84. Type species: Endagria agilis Christoph, 1884., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Schoorl, J. W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1 - 295.","Christoph, H. (1884) Lepidoptera aus dem Achal-Tekke-Gebiete 1. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 1, pp. 93 - 138."]}

Holcocerus zarudnyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1902 (Fig. 15A) Holcocerus zarudnyi Grum-Grshimailo, 1902, Annuaire. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. 7: 200. LT: prov. Persica���Bampur [20 km W. of Iranshakhr, Bampur, S. Iran]. Type material (lectotype) in ZISP. Material examined. RYB: 1 ♂, Horosan (= Khor��s��n) prov., Deh-Salm (this region is located in South Khor��s��n Province), 26.v.2008, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. ZISP: Holotype, Prov. Persica, Bampur (this region is located in Sist��n and Baluchest��n Province). Distribution. S Iran, Yemen (Yakovlev 2006a). Distribution in Iran. E and SE Iran (Fig. 32D). Habitat. Deserts., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1902) Lepidoptera nova vel parum cognita regionis palaearcticae. II. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Museya Imperatorskoi Akadimii Nauk [Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie d. Sciences de St. Petersbourg], 7, 191 - 204. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2006 a) A revision of Carpenter moths of the genus Holcocerus Staudinger, 1884 (s. l.). Eversmannia, Supplement 1, 1 - 104. [in Russian]"]}

Dyspessa wiltshirei Daniel, 1938 (Fig. 8D) Dyspessa wiltshirei Daniel, 1938, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 28: 4. LT: Irac, Qaraghan [Iraq]. Type material (holotype) in ZSM. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov: 4 ♀♀, Karaj, Kandov��n, Sarch��l, 2800 m, 4.���8.vii.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih�� (gen. prep. Nos. HA-2097, HA-2106, HMIM); 5 ♀♀, Karaj, ��z��dbar, 2400 m, 7.���9.v.1995, leg. Sarafr��zi, Badii, Linnavori (gen. prep. No. HA-2108, HMIM); Ch��h��rmah��l and Bakhti��ri Prov.: 1 ♀, Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, Anchuchak, 2500 m, 15.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 2 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, 2500 m, 4.���5.vi.1989, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii (gen. prep. Nos. HA-2098, HA-2110, HMIM), 1 ♀, Zardkuh, 10 km S Dehno, 2450 m, 9.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki; Esfah��n Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Kh��ns��r, Golest��n Kuh, 2700 m, 3, 4.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand; F��rs Prov.: 2 ♀♀, Sepid��n, M��rgoon fall, 2020 m, 23.���25.vi.1993, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Badii; Kerm��nsh��h Prov.: 1 ♂, 5 km S Rij��b, N 34˚27��9.9˝, E 46˚00��51.4˝, 1300 m, 24.v.2007, leg. Zahiri; 5 ♀♀, SE Sar-e Pol-e Zah��b, Sag��n, Nav�� Mt., N 34˚14��12.7˝, E 46˚7��44˝, 1270 m, 26.v.2007, leg. Zahiri (gen. prep. No. HA-2112, HMIM); Khuzest��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Izeh, 28 km N B��gh Malek, 800 m, 26.v.1973, leg. Ir��nshahr; Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 15 km SE Y��suj, 2050 m, 15.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, Y��suj, Tang-e Sorkh, 12.���13.vi.1986, leg. Mirz��y��ns, H��shemi (gen. prep. No. HA-2104, HMIM), 1 ♂, Meymand Mt. pass, 2450���2800 m, 14, 15.vi.2001, leg. Hofmann, Meineke, Tremewan, 1 ♀, Sisakht, Kh��ridun, N 30˚54��44.07˝, E 51˚24��47.16˝, 1644 m, 9.vii.2011, leg. Falsafi, Sarafr��zi; Kordest��n Prov.: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 83 km SE B��neh, 1750 m, 5.���6.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-2103, HMIM); Lorest��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Oshtor��nkuh, N Kamand��n, 2040 m, 22.���24.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Borumand; Markazi Prov.: 1 ♀, Ar��k, Sh��zand, 1950 m, 21.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 1 ♀, Salafcheg��n, Garnek��n, 1570 m, 14.v.1994, leg. Sarafr��zi, H��shemi, 2 ♂♂, Khomein, N��zi vill., N 33˚41��50˝, E 50˚02��17.7˝, 1872 m, 7.vi.2013, leg. Afsari��n; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 10 ♂♂ 1 ♀, 42 km W ��shkh��neh, 7 km W Mehm��nak vill., N 37˚29��36.5˝, E 56˚52��27.6˝, 1040 m, 17.vi.2013, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi (gen. prep. Nos. HA-2006, HA-2007, HA-2008, HMIM); Zanj��n Prov.: 1 ♀, Taham, T��zehkand, N 36˚55��25.4˝, E 48˚42��51.4˝, 1433 m, 29.vii.2013, leg. Afsari��n. Distribution. Iraq, Lebanon, Iran (Wiltshire 1957; Saldaitis et al. 2007; Yakovlev & Alipanah 2017). Distribution in Iran. N, NE, W, SW, and Central Iran (Fig. 27A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1938) Neuheiten aus Vorderasien. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 28, 2 - 6.","Wiltshire, E. P. (1957) The Lepidoptera of Iraq. N. Kaye, London, 162 pp., 17 pls.","Saldaitis, A. & Yakovlev, R. V. & Ivinskis, P. (2007) Carpenter moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Lebanon. Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 17 (3), 191 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13921657.2007.10512831","Yakovlev, R. V. & Alipanah, H. (2017) Description of the male genitalia of Dyspessa wiltshirei Daniel, 1938 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) based on the type specimens. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7 (3), 108 - 110. https: // doi. org / 10.15421 / 2017 _ 55"]}

Paracossulus thrips (H��bner, 1818) (Fig. 15D) Bombyces thrips H��bner, 1818, Zutr��ge Samml. Exot. Schmett. 25. LT: [Europe]. Type material is lost. Synonymy: = Cossus fuchsianus Eversmann, 1832, Nouv. M��m. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 2: 352. LT: Capta ad Jaicum medium, nec non circa Sergiewsk [Samara Oblast���, Russia]. Type material are probably in ZISP. = Cossus kindermanni Freyer, 1836, Neue. Beitr. Schmett. Abb. Nat. 3: 183. LT: Fiume [Rijeka, Croatia]. Type material is lost. = Catopta thrips polonica Daniel, 1953, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 43: 259. LT: Babińce, K. Krzywcza [Poland]. Type material (holotype) in ZSM. Material examined. HMIM: East ��zarb��ijan Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Kaleybar, Arasb��r��n protected area, Barzandigh to Peygh��m Rd., 5 km W Peygh��m, N 38˚45��30.3˝, E 46˚57��28.4˝, 1621 m, 25.vi.2015, leg. N��serz��deh, H��jiesmaili��n, Montreuil; Kordest��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Sanandaj, ��riz, 2200 m, 5.vii.1972, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Ab��i, 1 ♂, Sanandaj, 16.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i; West ��zarb��ijan Prov.: 1 ♂, Orumiyeh, Gh��semlu, 1440 m, 24.vii.1976, leg. P��zuki, Borumand; Zanj��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Solt��niyeh, Gheyd��r, 1950 m, 2.vii.1974, leg. Termeh, Musavi, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Armagh��n Kh��neh, M��ri vill., N 36˚59��52.0˝, E 48˚28��39.0˝, 2300 m, 21.vi.2015, leg. N��serz��deh, H��jiesmaili��n, Montreuil. Distribution. Ukraine, S Russia, SW Siberia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Iran, Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Hungary, Bulgaria (Eversmann 1844; Erschoff & Fild 1870; Staudinger 1871a; Alph��raky 1877; Romanoff 1885; Kirby 1892; Spuler 1910; Uvarov 1910; Zhuravlev 1910; Buresch & Tuleschkow 1932; Didmanidze 1976b, 1978, 1980; Didmanidze & Zurashvili 1981; de Freina 1983, 1996; Ganev 1984; de Freina & Witt 1990; Dubatolov & Vasilenko 1988; Lastuhin et al. 1998; Anikin et al. 2000; Fazekas 2001, 2002a, b; Polumordvinov & Monahov 2002; Bidzilya et al. 2003; Yakovlev 2004d, 2007a; Didmanidze & Yakovlev 2005, 2007). Probably in Italy (Puglia, Veglie-Torre Lupamonaco) (Bertaccini et al. 1997). Distribution in Iran. NW Iran (Fig. 33B). Host plants. In Volga region (European part of Russia) Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) (Polumordvinov & Monakhov 2002)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Hubner, J. (1818) In: Hubner, J. & Geyer, C., Zutrage Sammlung exotischer Schmettlinge, bestehend in Bekundigung einzelner Fliegmuster neuer oder rarer nichteuropaischer Gattungen, Vol. 1. 1761 - 1826. Jakob Hubner, Augsburg, 40 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12439","Eversmann, E. (1832) Lepidopterorum species nonullae novae gubem ium Orenburgense incolentes. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe imperiale des naturalistes de Moscou, 2, 347 - 354.","Freyer, C. F. (1836) Neuere Beitrage zur Schmetterlingskunde mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. Vol. 3. Published by the author and Rieger, Augsburg, 183 pp., Taf. 113,","Daniel, F. (1953) Neue Heterocera-Arten und Formen. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 43, 252 - 261.","Eversmann, E. (1844) Fauna lepidopterologica volgo-uralensis exhibens Lepidopterorum species quas per viginti quinque annos in provonciis Volgam fluvium inter et montes Uralenses sitis observavit et descripsit. T ypis Universitatis, Casani, 633 pp.","Erschoff, N. G. & Fild, A. (1870) Catalogus lepidopterorum imperii Rossici. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society, 4, 130 - 205.","Staudinger, O. (1871 a) In: Staudinger, O. & Wocke, M. F. (Eds.), Catalog der Lepidopteren des europaeischen Faunengebiets. I. Macrolepidoptera. Hofbuchhandlung von Hermann Burdach, Dresden, pp. 61 - 63.","Alpheraky, S. (1877) Lepidoptera Caucasi septentrionalis. Horae Societatis Entomologique Rossicae, 10, 3 - 34. [in Russian]","Romanoff, N. M. (1885) Les Lepidopteres de la Transcaucasie 2. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 2, pp. 1 - 118.","Kirby, W. F. (1892) A synonymic catalogue of Lepidoptera Heterocera. (Moths): Vol. 1. Sphinges and Bombyces, London, Gurney & Jackson. 951 pp.","Spuler, A. (1910) Die Schmetterlinge Europas. Bd. 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 523 pp.","Uvarov, B. P. (1910) To the Fauna of Lepidoptera of Transural Kirgiz steppe. Russian Entomological Review, 10 (3), 161 - 169.","Zhuravlev, S. M. (1910) Materials on the fauna Lepidoptera Uralsk Sity and different places of Ural'skaya oblast'. Horae Societatis Entomologique Rossicae, 50, 463. [in Russian]","Buresch, I. & Tuleschkow, K. (1932) Die horizontale Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge in Bulgarien. III (1). Teil: Noctuiformes. Mitteilungen aus den Koniglichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia 5, 67 - 144. [in Bulgarian]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1976 b) New species of Lepidoptera for fauna of Georgia from Vashlovanskii State Reserve. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, 84 (3), 717 - 719. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1978) Moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) of arid landscapes of Georgia. Tbilisi: Metzniereba, 318 pp. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. (1980) Materials on fauna of Macrolepidoptera of Tusheti. Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo Muzeia Gruzii, 30 A, 126 - 166. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. & Zurashvili, T. M. (1981) Materials on study of Macrolepidoptera of Vashlovanskii Reserve. Zapovedniki Gruzii, 5, 76 - 118. [in Russian]","Freina, J. J. de (1983) 4. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges- Fauna Kleinasiens. Neue Kenntnisse uber Artenspektrum, Systematik und Nomeklatur sowie Beschreibungen neuer Taxa. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 72, 57 - 127.","Ganev, J. (1984) Catalogue of the Bulgarian Bombyces and Sphinges (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Dilobidae, Thaumetopoei- dae, Ctenuchidae, Saturniidae, Endromidae, Lasiocampidae, Sphingidae, Hepialidae, Cossidae, Thyrididae, Limacodidae, Drepa- nidae, Thyatiridae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Nolidae). Entomofauna, 5 (3 / 4), 391 - 419.","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Dubatolov, V. V. & Vasilenko, S. V. (1988) Some new and little known Lepidoptera (Macrolepidoptera) of Yakutia. Nasekomye lugovo-taezhnyh biozenozov Yakutii, Yakutsk, 1988, 60 - 61. [in Russian]","Lastuhin, A. A., Ivanov, A. Y. & Losmanov, Y. P. (1998) On the fauna and fenology o f M oths (Lepidoptera, Bombyces et Sphinges) of Chuvashskaya Republik. Entomological investigations in Chuvashiya, 71 - 77. [in Russian]","Anikin, V. V., Sachkov, S. A., Zolotuhin, V. V. (2000) \" Fauna lepidopterologica Volgo-Uralensis \" 150 years later: changes and additions. Part 2. Bombyces and Sphinges (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Atalanta, 31 (1 / 2), 265 - 292.","Fazekas, I. (2001) Somogy megye molylepke faunaja (Lepidoptera, Microlepidoptera). Natura Somogyiensis, 1, 303 - 327.","Fazekas, I. (2002 a) Systematisches und synonymisches Verzeichnis der Microlepidopteren Ungarns (Lepidoptera, Microlepidoptera). Folia historico-naturalia Musei Matraensis, 26, 289 - 327.","Bidzilya, A. V, Budashkin, Ju. L, & Zhakov A. V. (2003) New records of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Ukraine. The Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette, 10 (1 - 2), 59 - 73. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2004 d) Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) of Siberia. Euroasian Entomological Journal, 3 (2), 155 - 163. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2007 a) Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) of Russia. Eversmannia, 9, 11 - 33. [in Russian]","Didmanidze, E. A. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2005) New distribution records of Isoceras huberi Eitschberger & Strohle, 1987 and Semagystia cuhensis de Freina, 1994 (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Atalanta, 36 (3 / 4), 575 - 576.","Didmanidze, E. A. & Yakovlev, R. V. (2007) Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Georgia. Entomofauna, 28 (1), 1 - 16.","Bertaccini, E., Fiumi, G. & Provera, P. (1997) Cossidae / Bombici e Sfingi d' Italia (Lepidoptera, Heterocera). Vol. 2. Natura- Giuliano Russo Editore, Monterenzio, Bologna, 256 pp., 16 Tavv.","Polumordvinov, O. A. & Monakhov, E. M. (2002) Rare and demanding of protection Lepidoptera (Insecta) of Penzenskaya Oblast'. Part 1 (Macrolepidoptera). Fauna and Ecology of Animals, 3, 29 - 48. [in Russian]"]}

Barchaniella mus (Grum-Grshimailo, 1902) (Fig. 10A) Holcocerus mus Grum-Grshimailo, 1902, Annuaire Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 7: 198. LT: Riku regionis Bagu dictae, in provincia persica Makran [prov. Makran, SE Iran]. Type material (syntypes) in ZISP, probably lost. Material examined. HMIM: Sist��n and Baluchest��n Prov.: 1 ♀, 18 km W Ir��nshahr, Rig Kabud, 500 m, 15.v.1972, leg. Ab��i, Ebert. NHRS: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Baloutchistan, trasse Knach-Zachedan (= Kh��sh-Z��hed��n Rd.), fort Sengan (= Sang��n), 1800 m, 20.iv.1938, ex coll. Brandt. Distribution. SE Iran (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Fig. 28D)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Grum-Grshimailo, G. E. (1902) Lepidoptera nova vel parum cognita regionis palaearcticae. II. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Museya Imperatorskoi Akadimii Nauk [Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie d. Sciences de St. Petersbourg], 7, 191 - 204. [in Russian]","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Dyspessa elbursensis elbursensis Daniel, 1964 (Fig. 6C) Material examined. HMIM: Ch��h��rmah��l and Bakhti��ri Prov.: 1 ♂, Gandom��n, Sabzeh Kuh, 2450 m, 11.��� 14.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand; F��rs Prov.: 2 ♀♀, K��zerun, Mi��n Kotal, 1900 m, 11.vi.1972, leg. Ebert, P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-2114, HMIM), 1 ♂, K��zerun, Dasht-e Arzhan, 27.v.1977, leg. Ab��i, 1 ♂, Nur ��b��d, Mamasani, Ch��h Chen��r, 26.v.1976, leg. Ab��i, 2 ♀♀, Nur ��b��d, Mamasani, Ch��h Chen��r, 14.v.1976, 3.���19.v.1976, leg. Ab��i, 8 ♂♂ 2♀♀, K��zerun, Nowd��n, 1250 m, 17.v.1975, leg. Ab��i, P��zuki, 1♂, K��zerun, Nowd��n, 1250 m, 15.iv.1975, leg. Borumand (gen. prep. No. HA-1906, HMIM), 4 ♂♂, Kuhmareh, G��wkoshak, 16.iv.1975, leg. Borumand, 8 ♂♂, Shir��z, Kh��nezeni��n, 2000 m, 18.v.1974, leg. Ab��i, P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-1908, HMIM), 1 ♀, Shir��z, Sivand, 28.v.1976, leg. Ab��i; Kerm��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Jiroft- B��ft (55 km after Jiroft), Shinger��, 2800 m, 24.v.2004, leg. Raj��ei (gen. prep. No. HA-1914, HMIM); Kerm��nsh��h Prov.: 1 ♂, Rav��nsar, 20.vi.1975, leg. Ab��i; Khuzest��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Bidruyeh, 40 km N Andimeshk, 350 m, 3.v.1976, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i, 1 ♂, Alb��ji, 30 km N Ahw��z, 1.v.1976, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i; Lorest��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Mal��vi, Pol-e Dokhtar, 14.v. 1975, 730 m, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, Tang-e Mal��vi, 720 m, 5.v.1976, leg. P��zuki, 5 ♂♂ 1 ♀, Pol-e Dokhtar, 10 km W B��b��zeyd, 880 m, 9.iv.1977, leg. P��zuki, H��shemi (gen. prep. No. HA-2115, HMIM), 1 ♂, Oshtor��nkuh, Narmi��n, 2400 m, 4.���5.viii.1975, leg. P��zuki. MWM: Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀♀, Elburs, Tacht i Suleiman, Vandarban Tal (= Takht-e Soleym��n, Vand��rbon valley), 19��� 2200 m, 1.���3.vii.1936, leg. Pfeiffer, 4 ♂♂, N Iran, S v. Chalus, 2000 m, 31.v.1963, leg. Kasy & Vartian; 4 ♂♂, 1♀, Iran mer., Kasrun, Kunar Takteh (an erroneous spelling of K��zerun, Ken��r Takhteh), 240 m, ende iii.1938, leg. Brandt. RYB: 1 ♂, Mazandaran prov., Alburz Mts., Azad Kuh Mt., near Minak (= Min��k), Laavash (= L��vash) Pass, 3000 m, 11.vii.2009; 3 ♂♂, Esfahan prov., Zagros Mts., Fereydun Sahr, 27.vi.2005, leg. Hacz, Juhasz, Petranyi. Distribution. Iran (Daniel 1964a, 1965b). Distribution in Iran. N, W, S, and SW Iran (Fig. 25C). Remarks. Considering the new status of D. elbursensis derbenti as one of the previously subspecies of D. elbursensis (see above), the latter species becomes monotypic., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1964 a) Monographie der palaearctishen Cossidae. VII. Genus Dyspessa Hbn. Zweiter Teil, Genus Paropta Stgr. Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 54, 181 - 236.","Daniel, F. (1965 b) Osterreichische Entomologische Iran-Afganistan-Expeditionen. Beitrage zur Lepidopterenfauna, Teil 4. Weitere Beitrage zur Bombyces et Sphinges Fauna. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 121 - 145."]}

Dyspessa wagneri Schwingenschuss, 1939 (Fig. 8C) Dyspessa wagneri Schwingenschuss, 1939b, Ent. Zschr. 53 (15): 127. LT: Tarseegebiet (Nordiran) [Elburs, Demavend, Tar lake, Iran]. Type material (holotype) in NMW. Material examined. HMIM: Alborz Prov.: 3 ♂♂, Karaj, Kandov��n, Sarch��l, 2800 m, 4.���8.vii.1977, leg. P��zuki, Mortazavih��; Esfah��n Prov.: 10 ♂♂, Kh��ns��r, Golest��n Kuh, 2700 m, 28, 29.vii.1981, leg. P��zuki, Borumand, 15 ♂♂, Golest��n Kuh, 2750 m, 5.���6.vii.1982, leg. Borumand, P��zuki, 8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, Golest��n Kuh, 2700 m, 3, 4.vii.1983, leg. Mirz��y��ns, Borumand, 2 ♂♂, Semirom, Pashmeh Kuh, 2750 m, 18.vi.2001, leg. Hofmann, Meineke, Tremewan, 15 ♂♂ 1 ♀, W Semirom, Pashmeh Kuh valley, 2800 m, 31.v.���2.vi.2004, leg. Hofmann, Meineke, Tremewan, 4 ♂♂, W Semirom, Pashmeh Kuh, 2800 m, 2.���3.vi.2005, leg. Hofmann, Meineke, 2 ♂♂, Fereydun Shahr, 2200 m, 9.vii.1999, leg. Hofmann, Meineke; Kerm��n Prov.: 1 ♂, B��ft, Ghan��t-e Marv��n, 2800 m, 23.v.1977, leg. Safavi, P��zuki, Ab��i; Kordest��n Prov.: 3 ♂♂, 23 km NE B��neh, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 1750 m, 2.vii.1975, leg. P��zuki (gen. prep. No. HA-1723, HMIM), 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 45 km SW Saghez, Saghez- B��neh Rd., 2000 m, 30.vi.1975, leg. P��zuki; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 4 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, ��lmeh, 1600 m, 26.���29.v.1986, leg. P��zuki, 38 ♂♂, Golest��n National Park, ��lmeh, 1650 m, 17.���25.viii.1988, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, ��lmeh, 1650 m, 2.���12.x.1988, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National Park, ��lmeh, 1590 m, 6.v.1999, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Bar��ri, Manzari; Zanj��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Zanj��n, Ghar��vol D��gh, 2500 m, 3, 4.vii.1999, leg. Hofmann, Meineke. MWM: 8 ♂♂, Prov. Mazandaran, Alborz, 3150 m, 12.���13.vi.2005, leg. Gyulai & Caral; 2 ♂♂, Kerman-Qanat Marvan (= Ghan��t-e Marv��n), 24.v.1977, leg. Sojak, ex coll. Kru��ek. Distribution. Ukraine (Crimea), Turkey, Iran (Yakovlev 2005). Distribution in Iran. N, NE, S, W, and Central Iran (Fig. 26F)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Schwingenschuss, L. A (1939 b) Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna von Iran (Persien). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 53 (15), 125 - 128.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2005) New records of distribution and systematic of Cossidae (Lepidoptera) of Europe and adjacent territories. Eversmannia, 3 - 4, 18 - 27."]}

Isoceras saxicola (Christoph, 1885) (Fig. 9B) Endagria saxicola Christoph, 1885, in: Romanoff, M��m. L��p. 2: 5. LT: d���Ordubad [Nakhichevan, Azerbaidzhan]. Type material (syntype) in BMNH. Material examined. BMNH: 1 ♂, (syntype), Ordubad, 2.vi.[18]73, ex coll. Christoph. HMIM: Esfah��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, K��sh��n, Ghohrud, N 33˚39��40.2˝, E 51˚25��15.7˝, 2380 m, 3.vi.2005, leg. H��jiesmaili��n, Ebr��himi; Ghazvin Prov.: 1 ♂, Rudb��r-e Shahrest��n, Dary��bak, 2150 m, 12.vi.1995, leg. Parchami-Ar��ghi, Ebr��himi, Ardeh, 1 ♂, Alamut, G��zorkhan, 2080 m, 19.���21.vi.1995, leg. Ebr��himi, Ardeh, Parchami-Ar��ghi; Hamed��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Kabudr��hang, Kuhin, 1965m, 12.viii.2001, leg. Ebr��himi, Gil��sian, Nemati��n; Zanj��n Prov.: 2 ♂♂, Zanj��n- ��bbar Rd. (40 km after Zanj��n), N 36˚44��07.8˝, E 48˚47��34.2˝, 1706 m, 5.vi.2012, leg. ��lipan��h, Falsafi (gen. prep. No. HA-2009, HMIM). Distribution. S Azerbaijan, Iran (Yakovlev 2011a). Distribution in Iran. Esfahan, Ghazvin, Hamedan, and Zanjan Provinces (Fig. 27E)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Christoph, H. (1885) Schmetterlinge aus Nordpersien. In: Romanoff, N. M. (Ed.), Memoires sur les Lepidopteres, St. - Petersbourg, 2, pp. 201 - 207.","Yakovlev, R. V. (2011 a) Catalogue of the Family Cossidae of the Old World. Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 66, 1 - 129."]}

Cossus cossus kopetdaghi Yakovlev, 2009 Cossus cossus kopetdaghi Yakovlev, 2009b, Amurian Zool. J. 1 (1): 66. LT: Kopet-Dagh Mts., Valley Point-Kala and Ipay-Kala rivers [Turkmenistan]. Type material (holotype) in MWM. Material examined. HMIM: Golest��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, D��sht-e Sh��d, 1500 m, 9.vi.2000, leg. Moghaddam, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, Ebr��himi, Badii, 1 ♂, D��sht-e Sh��d, 1400 m, 23.vii.2001, leg. Ghayurfar, Gil��si��n, Moghaddam, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Ghush Cheshmeh, 1000 m, 29.vi.2001, leg. Ebr��himi, Osten, Mofidi-Neyest��nak, 2 ♂♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Maz��rli, 530 m, 19.���20.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Tang-e Gol, 5.vii.1999, leg. Moghaddam, Bar��ri, Manzari, 3 ♂♂, Tang-e Gol, 600 m, 14.���15.vii.1985, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Gorg��n, W Sh��hrud, T��sh, Sh��v��r Mt., 2900 m, 19.vii.2003, leg. Hofmann, Meineke, Tremewan, 4 ♂♂, Gorg��n, Ali ��b��d, Shirin ��b��d, 22.v.2005, leg. Falsafi, Nemati��n, 1 ♂, Gorg��n, N��h��rkhor��n, 500 m, 5.vi.1982, leg. H��shemi, 2 ♂♂, Tuskast��n, Gorg��n- Sh��hrud Rd., N 36˚44��37.6˝, E 54˚34��02.6˝, 660 m, 15.vii.2007, leg. Zahiri, Karimz��deh, 1 ♀, Tuskast��n Rd., Sh��hkuh-e Oly��, 10.viii.2009, leg. Serri, N��serz��deh, H��jiesmaili��n; North Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, ��lmeh, 1650 m, 17.���25.v.1988, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Sulgerd, 1100 m, 16.���18.vii.1985, leg. P��zuki, 1 ♂, Golest��n National P��rk, Y��khti Kal��n, 1650 m, 20.vii.1996, leg. Ebr��himi, V. Nazari, 1 ♂, Khosrawiyeh, ��l��d��gh, 1600 m, 16.vi.1974, leg. Rajabi, P��zuki, 1 ♀, Daregaz, Nokhand��n, Shahid ��b��d, Ghadamg��h, 980 m, 13.vi.2009, leg. Mofidi-Neyest��nak; Razavi Khor��s��n Prov.: 1 ♂, Neysh��bur, Zabarkh��n Hes��r, 1400 m, 12.vi.1977, leg. P��zuki, Ab��i. MWM: 1 ♂, Khorassan (= Khor��s��n), Mashhad, 10.vi.1977, leg. Sojak. RYB: 1 ♂, Horasan (= Khor��s��n), Sabzevar, Kharv v., 1700 m, 17.v.2009, leg. K. Kolesnichenko. Distribution. Turkmenistan, Kopet Dagh Mts., NE Iran (Yakovlev 2009b). Distribution in Iran. NE Iran (Fig. 31A)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Yakovlev, R. V., (2009 b) Systematic review of Goat Moth - Cossus cossus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Cossidae). Amurian Zoological Journal, 1 (1), 57 - 71."]}

Genus Mormogystia Schoorl, 1990 Schoorl, 1990, Zool. Verh. 263: 75. Type species: Cossus (sic!) reibellii Oberth��r, 1876., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Schoorl, J. W. (1990) A phylogenetic study on Cossidae (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia) based on external adult morphology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 263, 1 - 295.","Oberthur, Ch. (1876) Faune des Lepidopteres de l'Algerie. Etudes de Lepidopterologie Comparee, 1, 40 - 41."]}

Stygia mosulensis Daniel, 1965 (Fig. 2C) Stygia mosulensis Daniel, 1965a, Mitt. M��nch. Ent. Ges. 55: 80. LT: Mosul Desert [Iraq]. Type material (holotype) in BMNH. Material examined. HMIM: East ��zarb��ijan Prov.: 1 ♀, Tabriz, 5.iv.1954, no collector given, 1 ♀, Tabriz, Khalat Push��n, N 38˚01��25˝, E 46˚25��33˝, 1680 m, 16.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n, 1 ♀, Tabriz, Khalat Push��n, 3.v.1953, no collector given, 1 ♀, B��smenj, 16.viii.71, leg. Daman��bi; F��rs Prov.: 1 ♀, Nur ��b��d, Mamasani, Ch��h Chen��r, 8.viii.1976, leg. Ab��i; West ��zarb��ijan Prov.: 4 ♀♀, Orumiyeh, Ghushchi, N 38˚03��27˝, E 44˚59��23˝, 1700 m, 17.vii.2005, leg. Zahiri, Golmohammadz��deh-Khi��b��n. SMNK: 1 ♀, W Iran, Kordestan, 95 km N Kermanschach, Strasse nach Sanandaj, 1350 m, 11.vii.1975, leg. Ebert & Falkner. MWM: 1 ♂, N Iran, Azerbaidzhan (= ��zarb��ij��n), Tabriz, 1600 m, 27.vii.1979, leg. C. Naumann (gen. prep. No. MWM 2981). Distribution. Iraq, Iran, Greece, S Turkey, S Bulgaria (Witt 1983; de Freina & Witt 1990; de Freina 1996); probably in Morocco (Rungs 1972, 1979). Distribution in Iran. NW, W, and SW Iran (Fig. 23C)., Published as part of Alipanah, Helen, Yakovlev, Roman, Falsafi, Hossein, Witt, Thomas & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2021, 5062, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 5062 (1) on pages 10-12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5062.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5808035, {"references":["Daniel, F. (1965 a) Monographie der palaearktischen Cossidae. VIII. Nachtrage und Register zur subfamilie Cossinae. Mitteillungen Munchen Entomologischen Gesselschaften, 55, 77 - 114.","Witt, Th. (1983) Stygia mosulensis Daniel 1965 (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) new for Iran. Entomologist's Gazette, 34 (4), 236.","Freina, J. J. de & Witt, T. J. (1990) Die Bombyces und Sphinges der Westpalaearktis (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Bd. 2. Cossoidea, Hepialoidea, Pyraloidea, Zygaenoidea. Edition Forschung & Wissenschaft, Munchen, 134 S, 10 taf.","Freina, J. J. de (1996) Cossidae. In: Karsholt, O. & Razowski, J. (Eds.), The Lepidoptera of Europe. A distributional Checklist. Apollo Books, Soro, pp. 129 - 130.","Rungs, Ch. E. E. (1972) Lepidopteres nouveaux du Maroc et de la Mauritanie. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 3 eme Serie 60, 669 - 687.","Rungs, Ch. E. E. (1979) Catalogue Raisonne des Lepidoptdres du Maroc. Inventaire Faunistique et observations ecologiques Tome I, [in] Travaux de 1 Institut Scientifi que, Serie Zoologie, Rabat, 39, [i] - [x], 1 - 244, 2 maps."]}