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This article provides a summary of archaeological sites explored in various regions of Wales. In Blaenau Gwent, excavations of an oval platform revealed evidence of Roman charcoal-burning activity. In Carmarthenshire, an excavation in Carmarthen uncovered the remains of buildings and other features dating from the first to fourth centuries AD. In Ceredigion, a geophysical survey identified a possible Roman fortlet or late Iron Age/Roman defended settlement. In Conwy, a coin hoard was discovered near an apsidal structure, and in Monmouthshire, Roman coins were found in two distinct groups. Finally, in Powys, aerial reconnaissance revealed the presence of forts, camps, and a Roman street grid. Supplementary material is available for further information on each region. [Extracted from the article]

Coin cells have been widely adopted for the evaluation of battery materials and chemistry. Herein, however, the coin cells are found unable to correctly reflect the fast‐charging capability of batteries. This is because, in the coin cells, the pressure between electrodes is provided by a wave spring while the wave spring cannot apply sufficient pressure to maintain the necessary electric contact for fast charging, leading to high polarization and resultant Li plating at the graphite anode. Testing on graphite/LiNi0.80Co0.10Mn0.10O2 coin cells shows that replacing the wave spring with a flat O‐ring washer dramatically stabilizes capacity retention in fast charging. Alternating current‐impedance analyses on the cells before and after 200 5 C‐charging cycles indicate that the cell with the O‐ring washer initially has a larger surface layer resistance, however, after fast‐charging test retained much smaller overall resistance compared with the cell using the wave spring. Visual observation of the cycled cell components reveals that the improvements are due to significantly reduced Li plating at the graphite anode, which is attributed to the appropriate pressure and the uniform distribution of the pressure applied by the flat O‐ring washer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) provides guidance that the value of a new crypto asset received from a chain split is not treated as either ordinary income or capital gain at the time of the split, provided the owner holds it a s a capital asset rather than in connection with carrying on a business. This article considers whether this guidance is well founded in cases where the crypto assets involved are cryptocurrency coins. In a chain split, the digital ledger on which cryptocoins are traded divides into two forks, resulting in two distinct cryptocurrencies. Each owner of a cryptocoin before the chain split ends up owning two separate coins, one of each of these cryptocurrencies. In its guidance, the ATO further provides that a chain split is generally not a capital gains tax (CGT) event unless the holder's rights and relationships with respect to both post-split coins have changed, in which case the chain split will be treated as an abandonment of the original coin (CGT event C2). In all cases, any new cryptocoin is assigned a zero-cost base, which is consistent with treating the coin as though it were found property. In this article, the authors question whether the ATO's approach is consistent with the nature of cryptocurrency chain splits and with settled tax law, arguing that the approach can lead to tax outcomes that differ significantly from economic reality. The authors suggest that the ATO may have erred by identifying either of the post-split coins as newly found and by considering the original coin to be lost or abandoned in some circumstances. The authors argue that cryptocurrency chain splits are more akin to property divisions (such as land subdivisions), and suggest that it would be more appropriate to apportion the cost base of the original coin between the two post-split coins using the split asset method applied in tax cases involving land subdivisions. This conclusion is based on a finding that the coin owner's rights and relationships with respect to both post-split coins remain unchanged from those associated with the original coin. This article's chief contribution is to explore the meaning of rights and relationships with respect to cryptocurrency and to show that, while it may be convenient to refer to one of the post-split coins as new, in fact, each post-split coin is a continuation of the original coin, much as two post-division lots of land are merely a continuation of the larger lot of land before subdivision. Both postsplit coins, like both post-division lots, literally trace their chain of title back to the original asset. The authors believe that further research may be necessary to establish how crypto assets other than cryptocoins, including non-fungible tokens, should be treated in the event of a chain split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have been shown to adapt their movements when a sudden or gradual change to the dynamics of the environment are introduced, a phenomenon called motor adaptation. If the change is reverted, the adaptation is also quickly reverted. Humans are also able to adapt to multiple changes in dynamics presented separately, and to be able to switch between adapted movements on the fly. Such switching relies on contextual information which is often noisy or misleading, affecting the switch between known adaptations. Recently, computational models for motor adaptation and context inference have been introduced, which contain components for context inference and Bayesian motor adaptation. These models were used to show the effects of context inference on learning rates across different experiments. We expanded on these works by using a simplified version of the recently-introduced COIN model to show that the effects of context inference on motor adaptation and control go even further than previously shown. Here, we used this model to simulate classical motor adaptation experiments from previous works and showed that context inference, and how it is affected by the presence and reliability of feedback, effect a host of behavioral phenomena that had so far required multiple hypothesized mechanisms, lacking a unified explanation. Concretely, we show that the reliability of direct contextual information, as well as noisy sensory feedback, typical of many experiments, effect measurable changes in switching-task behavior, as well as in action selection, that stem directly from probabilistic context inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are becoming an increasingly popular technology, used in a variety of fields such as medical, gaming, and lifestyle. This paper describes a 3D non-invasive BCI game that uses a Muse 2 EEG headband to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) data and OpenViBE platform for processing the signals and classifying them into three different mental states: left and right motor imagery and eye blink. The game is developed to assess user adjustment and improvement in BCI environment after training. The classification algorithm used is Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), with 96.94% accuracy. A total of 33 subjects participated in the experiment and successfully controlled an avatar using mental commands to collect coins. The online metrics employed for this BCI system are the average game score, the average number of clusters and average user improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Art-Sanat Journal / Art-Sanat is the property of Art-Sanat and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper discusses Roman coins found separately in the outskirts of the town of Spišská Belá (Kežmarok distr.). The analysis showed that the coins are Roman denarii from the 1st – 2nd c., between years 73 and 180 CE. All the coins were found at registered archaeological sites attributed to the northern Carpathian group dated back to the turn of the 4th and 5th c. Most likely, the coins were not in circulation so deep in Barbaricum. Instead, they had been gathered and transferred through generations, and the precious metal they were made of – silver – was later secondarily used. This hypothesis is corroborated by finds of numerous coins with broken edges including seven denarii from Spišská Belá. The secondary use of older Roman denarii by people belonging to the northern Carpathian group was confirmed at numerous sites in Spiš (e.g. the hoard from Žehra, Temná Cave) or Liptov but also in Czechia, Lesser Poland, Ukraine and Upper Silesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study discusses the inventory of finds from a sunken house that decayed in the last third of the 3rd c. or the first half of the 4th c. The feature was investigated in 2010. The backfill layers contain a relatively large number of archaeological finds – pottery, glass, bronze, iron, bone and antler artefacts. Specifically, the collection of finds includes a coin, bone and bronze needles, spindle whorls, an amulet, iron knives, nails and fragments of tools. The analysis of pottery shows that the majority of ceramics were used for dining purposes while larger vessels – storage containers – are rare. Only a minor part of the pottery finds from the feature are Roman imports. Special attention is paid to the iron amulet box and the fragment of a clay vessel with a rooster-like (or hen-like) spout. The research together with other surveys in the Upper Žitava region corroborates the view that – contrary to previous beliefs – the region was densely settled from the end of the 2nd c. to the 5th c. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses a single find of a Roman coin – a subaerat Gallienus antoninianus – a random find from the Pustý hrad (Deserted) Castle in Zvolen. The find corroborates the view that the site was settled in the Early or Late Roman Period. The coin is a Roman currency commonly used in trade with the Quadi. A thorough analysis of the coin allowed us to determine its age, method of production and interpret its historical context. So far, no similar contemporary finds of young subaerat antoninianus coins are known from the Danubian Barbaricum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2001, Rutgers University Libraries (RUL) accepted a substantial donation of Roman Republican coins. The work to catalog, house, digitize, describe, and present this collection online provided unique challenges for the institution. Coins are often seen as museum objects; however, they can serve pedagogical purposes within libraries. In the quest to innovate, RUL digitized coins from seven angles to provide a 180-degree view of coins. However, this strategy had its drawbacks; it had to be reassessed as the project continued. RUCore, RUL's digital repository, uses Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). Accordingly, it was necessary to adapt numismatic description to bibliographic metadata standards.With generous funding from the Loeb Foundation, the resulting digital collection of 1200 coins was added to RUCore from 2012 to 2018. Rutgers's Badian Roman Coins Collection serves as an exemplar of numismatics in a library environment that is freely available to all on the Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)