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X-ray irradiation offers a promising avenue to expedite the green synthesis of nanoparticles with high efficiency, simplicity, and environmental friendliness. X-ray technologies, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), and synchrotron X-ray technologies are utilized to explore the structural evolution of nanoparticles. We summarize numerous studies concerning X-ray-induced synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Further, we discuss the nuclear growing mechanism—radiolysis and conventional wet synthesis—explored via in situ XAFS analysis. Lastly, we propose the improvement of radiolytic synthesis and the application of in situ XAFS.

Treatment of pancreatic cancer is faced with great difficulties and challenges due to high lethality and metastasis. Synergism of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been considered as ideal strategy to both eliminate primary tumors and control metastases. For the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated a local photothermal therapy (PTT) following administration of monoclonal antibody of programmed death ligand 1 (αPD-L1). Fe2P nanorods were employed as a Fenton agent and photothermal agent, which modified with DSPE-PEG2000-Mal for improved biocompatibility and Mal mediated-antigen presentation. Under a low dose laser irradiation at 980 nm, Fe2P-PEG-Mal nanorods (NRs) mediated PTT could induce immunogenic tumor cell death that can cause dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration and maturation. In a bilateral pancreatic tumor model, the local treatment of NRs-PTT on primary tumor could cause the increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and decreased residential of M2 macrophages in untreated distal tumors. Furthermore, subsequently intervened αPD-L1 could enhance cell death triggered by CTLs in distal tumors through reversing immunosuppression. An orthotopic pancreatic tumor model was used to further confirm the therapeutic outcome. Finally, the combination of NRs based PTT and αPD-L1 based immunotherapy was able to significantly eliminate orthotopic pancreatic tumors and reduce mesentery metastases. Thus, the strategy may provide a more effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.

BackgroundThe fluorescence anisotropy of intercalative dye plays important roles in nucleic acid analysis, the construction of fluorescent probes, and biosensing. However, there are few studies on the fluorescence anisotropy of intercalative dyes based on framework nucleic acids (FNA).PurposeThis study aims to use DNA tetrahedrons (TDN) as scaffold to build the fluorescence anisotropy probes of SYBR Green I, DAPI and DiYO-1.MethodsA series of TDN fluorescence anisotropy probes were constructed by precisely regulating the size of DNA tetrahedrons through DNA sequence design, characterizing DNA nanostructures by using synchrotron radiation small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The influence of TDN size on fluorescence anisotropy of SYBR Green I, DAPI and DiYO-1 was investigated by experiments.ResultsThe results show that the fluorescence anisotropy of probes increased with the increase of TDN size of SYBR Green I and DAPI, separately. For TDN/DiYO-1 probes, the fluorescence anisotropy decreases with the increase of TDN size as the edge length of TDN is between 7~20 bp, however, the fluorescence anisotropy increases as the edge length of TDN is bigger than 20 bp. After the dye interacted with the tetrahedron, the structure of DiYO-1 changes, resulting in the decrease of fluorescence anisotropy.ConclusionsTherefore, the fluorescence anisotropy of intercalators could be tuned by controlling the TDN size precisely. The fluorescence anisotropy probes based on FNA is expected to be an excellent probe.

To change the optical properties and improve the antibacterial performances of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Ag NPs, mesoporous SiO2 spheres were combined with them to form the composites. In this paper, CQDs with a uniform size of about 3.74 nm were synthesized using glucose as carbon source. Then, CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites were obtained in situ under UV light irradiating by using mesoporous SiO2 and Ag NO3 as the carrier and silver resource, respectively. The diameter of CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs particles was in the range of 200–250 nm. With the increase in irradiating time, the red-shift in the UV-Vis spectrum for as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites was found, and the adsorption peak was widened. In addition, the composites showed a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli via disc diffusion method. These results indicated that inhibition circles for Ag NPs/mesoporous SiO2/CQDs and mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs were similar in diameter. Furthermore, the two composites had a better bactericidal performance compared with other particles. Therefore, as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites in this paper have great potential applications for fluorescent materials and antibacterial materials.

This paper introduced the design and application of a surgical positioning frame for harvesting the fibular flap, in order to provide a safe, stable and convenient surgical positonning support for harvesting the fibular flap after resection of head and neck tumors (设计一种腓骨瓣制取体位架, 旨在为头颈肿瘤根治性切除术后腓骨瓣的制取提供安全、稳定、便捷的腓骨术区体位支持。)

Objective To investigate the quality of life in patients with gynecologic tumor and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide data support for clinical nursing practice. Methods Patients with gynecologic malignant tumor in a grade-A hospital in Sichuan province were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-30), Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual Well-being (EORTCQLQ-SWB32) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HAD) were used in the survey. Results Totally 705 vaild questionnaires were collected. The overall EORTC QLQ-30 score of the patients was (63. 96±22. 24), and the score of social function dimension and emotional function dimension were relative low. Patients had suffered from severe fatigue and pain and faced financial difficulties. The quality of life might be influenced by spiritual health, anxiety, depression and other psychological states of patients with gynecologic tumor. Conclusion Patients with gynecologic tumor have a low health-related quality of life. More attention should be paid on the influencing factors of quality of life such spiritual health, anxiety, depression and other psychological states. (目的 调查妇科肿瘤患者生存质量现状, 并分析其影响因素, 为临床护理实践提供数据支持。方法 选取四川省某三甲医院的妇科恶性肿瘤患者作为研究对象, 应用一般资料调查表、生存质量量表、中文版灵性健康量表以及医院焦虑抑郁量表进行问卷调查。结果 共回收有效问卷705份。妇科肿瘤患者的总体生存质量得分为(63. 96±22. 24)分, 其中社会功能和情绪功能水平较低, 疲劳和疼痛症状较严重, 经济困难是患者面临的较严重的问题。妇科肿瘤患者的灵性健康、焦虑、抑郁等心理状态均会影响其生存质量。结论 妇科肿瘤患者的总体生存质量较差, 灵性健康状态、焦虑、抑郁是影响其生存质量的影响因素, 在日常护理中需要重点关注。)

Differential diagnosis of meningioma and acoustic neuroma can be difficult because these two tumors have similar locations and appearances on medical images. To address this problem, mask region convolutional neural network (Mask RCNN) was used to classify and diagnose those two types of tumors. First, magnetic resonance images acquired with T1-weighted spin-echo (T1WI-SE) sequence of 89 meningioma and 218 acoustic neuroma patients were collected and preprocessed. Then the improved feature pyramid networks (FPN) algorithm was used for model network training. The effects of three different backbone feature extraction layers on classification and location were compared. It was demonstrated that Mask RCNN model with improved FPN and ResNet101 as backbone network is able to effectively classify and locate meningioma and acoustic neuroma, the values of precision, recall, specificity, and mean average precision (mAP) are 0.918 2, 0.856 9, 0.876 2, and 0.90, respectively.

Abstract Background HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD. Methods One hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months). Results The within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P

To investigate the prevalence of cancer-related depression and anxiety in western China among patients with ovarian cancer and analyze their influencing factors.

Hydrocarbon charging stages and natural gas hydrate accumulation models were established in the Songnan Low Uplift, Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), China. Detailed geochemical analysis, paleotemperature and paleopressure analyses, seismic interpretation, and hydrocarbon charging characterization were conducted to investigate the controlling factors of natural gas hydrate accumulation. The Yacheng and Lingshui formations in the Lingshui Sag were identified as effective source rocks. The δ13C1 values of the gas hydrates vary from −35.97‰ to −59.50‰, following a direction from the Sag Center to the Low Uplift, indicating that δ13C1 values became relatively lighter during gas migration. Seismic data evidence revealed that large-scale faults, laterally distributed sandstones, and gas chimneys were comprehensive, however efficient hydrocarbon migration pathways. Systematic overpressure was developed in the Yacheng and Huangliu formations, which offer sufficient hydrocarbon migration impetus. Hydrocarbon-bearing aqueous inclusions and their coexisting aqueous inclusions were observed in the Huangliu Formation in the Lingshui Sag, indicating four stages of hydrocarbon charging in the QDNB. Based on the comprehensive analysis in this research, two gas hydrate accumulation models were proposed in the Songnan Low Uplift, QDNB, as follows: 1) a mixture of gas migrated by large-scale faults and a thermogenic-biogenic mixed gas model and 2) gas hydrates from laterally distributed sandstones sealed by MTDs.

Objective: Metabolites in body fluids, such as lactate, glucose, and creatinine, have been measured by conventional methods to evaluate physical function and performance or athletic status. The objectives of the current study were to explore the novel metabolite biomarkers in professional swimmers with different competition levels using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, and try to establish a model to identify the athletic status or predict the competitive potential.Methods: Serum samples were collected from 103 elite and 84 sub-elite level Chinese professional swimmers, and were profiled by NMR analysis.Results: Out of the thirty-six serum metabolites profiled, ten were associated with the athletic status of swimmers (with p < 0.05). When compared with sub-elite swimmers, elite swimmers had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), unsaturated fatty acid, lactic acid, and methanol. Elite swimmers had lower levels of isoleucine, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetate, glutamine, glycine, and α-glucose. A model with four metabolites, including HDL, glutamine, methanol, and α-glucose, was established to predict athletic status by adjusting with different covariates. The area under the curve (AUC) of the best model was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.862-0.947), with a sensitivity and specificity of 75.5 and 90.2%, respectively.Conclusion: We have identified ten metabolite biomarkers with differentially expressed levels between elite and sub-elite swimmers, the differences could result from genetic or sports level between the two cohorts. A model with four metabolites has successfully differentiated professional swimmers with different competitive levels.

The rapid development of photocatalytic technology has attracted attention in the field of decontamination of chemical agents (CWAs). Owing to high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, and environmentally friendly features, photocatalytic technology can overcome many problems encountered by traditional decontamination technology, such as the problem of soil corrosion, and is suitable for the degradation of CWAs. Researchers have conducted a lot of researches on this, and there are also related reviews to discuss in detail the mechanism and application of photocatalytic degradation of CWAs. However, there are many pieces of literature on traditional photocatalytic materials, and few have summarized the mechanism and application of new photocatalytic materials in the degradation of CWAs. Therefore, in this paper, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of CWAs, species of photocatalytic materials, the application of photocatalytic degradation of CWAs, especially the researches of new photocatalytic materials, such as metal-organic frameworks, degradation agents were summarized in detail. Photocatalytic technology has advantages over other technologies in the treatment of low-concentration, refractory CWAs. However, the research is still in the laboratory stage and is mostly simulated agent experiments. There are still obstacles when applied to the degradation of real CWAs. In the future, wearable photocatalytic protective materials may be worthy of further research. At the same time, photocatalytic technology has proved to have certain potential in the large-scale destruction of poisons.

GH4720Li superalloy has been widely employed in high-performance aero engines turbine disks and other rotating component due to the excellent high temperature strength, anti-fatigue, corrosion resistance and long-term structural stability. The mechanism of function and evolution rule of γ'phase in GH4720Li superalloy was summed up in this paper. The relationship between γ'phase and high-temperature properties and the interaction law of γ'phase and residual stress were analyzed. In addition, the research progress of the new superalloy which was designed on the basis of GH4720Li superalloy was summarized, the future application of partitioned cooling technology and dual-organization dual-performance disk preparation technology was prospected.

In the traditional square grid map, when robot encounters an obstacle, it is easy to collide with the obstacle when moving along diagonal direction, has poor capability in obstacle-avoiding and stability, and time consumed in each step during real-time detection cannot be uniquely determined. In view of the above problems, based on working environment of regular hexagon grid, a path optimization method for multiple parallel mobile mine robots by using improved heuristic path search algorithm is proposed. In this paper, a comparative analysis of single robot in square and regular hexagon grid modeling environment is carried out from three aspects of obstacle-avoiding angle, obstacle-avoiding ability and optimal path. The results show that for a single robot, path length cost under regular hexagon grid map is less than that in square grid map, and from path planning of a single robot, regular hexagon grid map is more conducive to obtain the shortest path, so it is concluded that regular hexagon grid is more suitable for robot working environment modeling than traditional square grid. Aiming at path planning problem of parallel movement of multiple robots in collaborative operation, an improved heuristic path search algorithm is used to optimize path of multiple robots on the basis of working environment of regular hexagon grid:Multiple collaborative robot paths are planned by use of improved heuristic estimation function, which determines the one of all adjacent grids around the current robot location to be traversed by the robot. The improved heuristic estimation function is used to plan the path of multiple cooperative robots. According to the number of grids traversed by robot and deformed Manhattan distance between candidate grid and target grid of the robot, the heuristic estimation function can evaluate fitness value of adjacent grids. The simulation results show that total path length and running time of the algorithm are reduced by more than 10% compared with the square grid map, collision between the robot and static obstacles and among the robots is effectively avoided, and safety of the robot is improved. With increase of the number of robots, the improved heuristic path search algorithm has more obvious optimization effect on robot path and algorithm running time under the regular hexagon grid map.

Abstract Background Increasing evidences indicated that diabetes might increase the incidence of gallbladder cancer. However, no sufficient data has ever clarified the impact of diabetes on the survival of patients with gallbladder cancer. Methods We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases through July 2019 in order to find sufficient eligible researches. The pooled hazard risks (HRs) and relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with either fix-effects or random-effects model. Due to the low gallbladder cancer mortality in general population, the RRs and standard mortality ratios (SMRs) were considered the similar estimates of the HRs. Results Ten eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Analysis of eight cohorts found that diabetes was closely associated with the mortality of gallbladder cancer (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06–1.14; P

Bound states in the continuum (BIC) are considered as an effective means to dramatically elongate the trapping time of light. However, light-matter interaction depends not only on the life-time of an optical mode, but also on its mode volume. Therefore, increasing the life-time of an optical mode and minimizing the mode volume simultaneously, utilizing the BIC resembles a promising way for enhancing light-matter interaction. Herein, we have proposed a novel hybrid plasmonic-dielectric structure to manipulate the mode volume of BIC. For the Friedrich-Wintgen BIC, the electric field is strongly confined in the dielectric nanoparticle, leading to the considerable field enhancement compared with the single dielectric nanoparticle case. In contrast, strong localization of electric field can be achieved along the surface normal direction for the symmetry-protected BIC, leading to one order of magnitude reduction of mode volume in one unit cell compared with the conventional symmetry-protected BIC of all-dielectric structure. The proposed hybrid photonic system could provide an ideal flat platform for advanced manipulation of light-matter interaction.

Lake water level changes show randomness and the complexity of basin hydrological simulation and lake water level response. We constructed a vine copula model to simulate and predict lake water level that incorporated rolling decisions and real-time correction of prediction results. The model was applied to predict the long- and short-term water levels in Erhai Lake on the Yun-gui Plateau, southwest China. The results showed that (1) the predicted daily water levels (with ME=0.02~0.09, RMSE=0.02~0.024, NSE=0.99, and IA=0.99) were more accurate than the predicted monthly water levels (with the ME=0.039~0.444, RMSE=0.194~0.279, NSE=0.913~0.958, and IA=0.977~0.989), and the accuracy of the predictions improved as the number of variables increased. (2) The vine copula model outperformed the back-propagation neural network and support vector regression models, and, of the three model types, gave the best estimate of the nonlinear relationships between the predicted water level and climatic factors, especially in the wet season (May to October). (3) The prediction accuracy of the vine copula model was lower for small sample sizes and when there was a lack of runoff data. By improving the analysis of the model’s errors, the percentages of the relative errors of the prediction accuracy less than 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% increased to 70%, 83%, 95%, and 98%, respectively.

In recent years, with the progress of science and technology and the development of times, it has brought great opportunities for the development and protection of Tibetan resources in our country. Many reservoirs are located in very complex fault blocks with small fault blocks and many faults, coupled with strong heterogeneous media. After years of waterflooding development, they have entered the high water cut oil recovery stage. In view of this, this paper will focus on the analysis of the water drive law in the high water cut stage of complex fault block reservoirs, and carry out specific strategy optimization for increasing production, in order to promote the exploration of the law of high water cut area in complex fault block reservoirs.

Objective: To develop a nomogram for predicting bone development state (BDS) of female children and adolescents in a large scale.Methods: Four hundred forty-seven female students were designated as the training cohort to develop the predictive model, whereas 196 female students were used as the validation cohort to verify the established model. Bone age, height, body mass, body fat percentage, and secondary sexual characteristics were recorded, and BDS was determined with the chronological age and bone age. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors, and nomogram was developed and validated with the training and validation cohorts, respectively.Results: One hundred forty-seven female students were identified as BDS abnormal in the training cohort (32.9%), and 104 were determined in the validation cohort (53.1%). Age, height, weight, and pubes stage were selected for the predictive model. A nomogram was developed and showed a good estimation, with a C-index of 0.78 and a good calibration in the training cohort. Application of the nomogram to the validation cohort showed a similar C-index of 0.75 and a good calibration.Conclusion: A nomogram for predicting bone development was developed, which can provide a relatively good estimation of BDS for female children and adolescents in Chinese metropolis.

C11H18F12N4P2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.975(3) Å, b = 9.897(2) Å, c = 13.525(3) Å, β = 105.507(3)°, V = 1931.5(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0590, wRref(F2) = 0.1843, T = 296(2) K.

Advanced industrial gas turbines are becoming preferred devices for worldwide power generations and large ship power in recent decades due to its outstanding advantages of high thermal efficiency and low pollution. Casting superalloy is the key material for industrial gas turbine blades in hot section components, and to a certain extent their performance and preparation level determine the levels of power, efficiency and service life of the industrial gas turbines. This paper outlines the current research and application status and shows the development trends of manufacturing technology of casting superalloy for industrial gas turbines and turbine blades. In the future, technologies such as advanced directional solidification and "materials genome engineering" will be used in the research and manufacture of casting superalloy for industrial gas turbine blades. Meanwhile, the directional and single crystal superalloy will be used more and more widely in advanced industrial gas turbines.

Objective To investigate the expression of cannabinoid type 2 receptor （CB2R） at different time points after brain contusion and its relationship with wound age of mice. Methods A mouse brain contusion model was established with PCI3000 Precision Cortical Impactor. Expression changes of CB2R around the injured area were detected with immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting at different time points. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that only a few cells in the cerebral cortex of the sham operated group had CB2R positive expression. The ratio of CB2R positive cells gradually increased after injury and reached the peak twice at 12 h and 7 d post-injury, followed by a decrease to the normal level 28 d post-injury. The results of Western blotting were consistent with the immunohistochemical staining results. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the changes of the ratio of CB2R positive cells in neurons, CB2R positive cells in monocytes and CB2R positive cells in astrocytes to the total cell number showed a single peak pattern, which peaked at 12 h, 1 d and 7 d post-injury, respectively. Conclusion The expression of CB2R after brain contusion in neurons, monocytes and astrocytes in mice suggests that it is likely to be involved in the regulation of the biological functions of those cells. The changes in CB2R are time-dependent, which suggests its potential applicability as a biological indicator for wound age estimation of brain contusion in forensic practice.

The three-dimensional geometric model of the driving and driven bevel gear， differential transmission planetary gear and half axle gear of driving axle main reducer is established by using three-dimensional software UG， and the non-interference assembly model is obtained and the creation of virtual prototype model is completed in the dynamic software Adams by which importing into with the common Parasolid graphics interchange format. Based on the Hertz elasticity contact theory， combining with the actual working status of driving axle for a sightseeing car， the dynamics simulation analysis of the starting， straight driving， turning working conditions are achieved by selecting appropriate contact parameters and applying corresponding constraints and loads. Reliable basis for the further research on kinematics and dynamics characteristics of driving axle main reducer and differential transmission gear is provided and technical support to reduce the vibration of the drive axle main reducer and differential transmission and optimize its performance characteristic is provided.

[Objectives] In order to effectively reduce the bending stress of the upper deck in a rectangular pressure cabin,[Methods] a scheme of prestressed pillars in a pressure cabin is put forward. First,in the case that the layout and size of the pillars are given,a mathematical model of pillar optimization is proposed in which the pre-stresses of pillars are treated as the design variables and the upper deck bending stress as the objective function,and the stress constraints of the pillars are considered. The pillar position is then further treated as a design variable,and the optimization design of pillar layout and prestressed pillar configuration is carried out.[Results] The optimization results show that the bending stress of the upper deck frame is reduced by 21.6% while pillar weight does not increase. Furthermore,the upper deck bending stress further decreases by 16.0% while pillar weight still does not increase.[Conclusions] The research achievements of this paper provide useful references for similar structural design.

Exploring the evolution characteristics of gas seepage between boreholes during the drainage process is critical for the borehole’s layout and high-efficiency gas drainage. Based on the dual-porous medium assumption and considering the effect of stress redistribution on coal seam gas seepage characteristics, a coal seam gas seepage model with a three-dimensional roadway and borehole crossing structure has been established and numerically calculated, concluding that the coal seam is between the drainage boreholes. The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of gas pressure and permeability help elucidate the gas seepage law of the nearly flat coal seam associated with the deep soft rock roadway and borehole intersection model. The results indicate that: (1) The roadway excavation results in localized stress in some areas of the surrounding rock, reducing the strength of the coal body, increasing the expansion stress, and increasing the adsorption of gas by the coal body. (2) Along the direction of the coal seam, the permeability decreases initially and then increases. The gas pressure in the coal seam area in the middle of the borehole is higher than the pressure in the coal seam around the borehole, and the expansion stress and deformation increase, reducing the permeability of the coal body; when near the next borehole, the greater the negative pressure, the faster the desorption of the gas attracts the matrix shrinkage effect and causes the coal seam permeability rate to keep increasing. (3) The improvement of gas drainage with the overlapping arrangement of two boreholes firstly increases and then decreases as time goes on. (4) When the field test results and numerical simulation of the effective area of gas extraction are compared, the effectiveness of the model is verified. Taking the change of the porosity and the permeability into the model, it is able to calculate the radius of gas drainage more accurately.

Lactate elevation is a well-characterized biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, but its role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is not well defined. Urine lactate was measured in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 3 cohorts (HUNT3, SMART2D, CRIC). Urine and plasma lactate were measured during euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients in the HUNT3 cohort with DKD had elevated urine lactate levels compared with age- and sex-matched controls. In patients in the SMART2D and CRIC cohorts, the third tertile of urine lactate/creatinine was associated with more rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate decline, relative to first tertile. Patients with T1D demonstrated a strong association between glucose and lactate in both plasma and urine. Glucose-stimulated lactate likely derives in part from proximal tubular cells, since lactate production was attenuated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition in kidney sections and in SGLT2-deficient mice. Several glycolytic genes were elevated in human diabetic proximal tubules. Lactate levels above 2.5 mM potently inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human proximal tubule (HK2) cells. We conclude that increased lactate production under diabetic conditions can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and become a feed-forward component to DKD pathogenesis.

The power load of the smart grid fluctuates increasingly high and rapidly because of the introduction of intermittent energy, such as wind energy and solar energy. As a result, the increase of the randomly fluctuating load in the smart grid brings new challenges to the active power measurement of smart electricity meters. However, the installed power meter and the standard electricity meter are designed for a steady input signal. The traditional MA (moving average) and ⅡR (infinite impulse response) measurement algorithms are proposed for the steady situation and are thus not suitable to address the dynamic error testing and metering problems. Moreover, although some harmonic experiments have been performed that provide an overview of domestic and internal standards of electricity energy meter, there is a lack dynamic characteristics in them. Thus, it is of great theoretical significance and application value to study the dynamic measurement characteristics of the existing smart electricity meters and propose an effective dynamic measurement to improve the metering dynamic performance. To reduce the measurement error of a smart electricity meter under dynamic load power conditions, a SDPA algorithm for dynamic active energy measurement was proposed in this work. First, the dynamic response speed and dynamic error characteristics of active power of traditional MA and ⅡR low pass filter algorithm were deduced. Next, the limitations of the two algorithms for dynamic input signal were highlighted, and the influence factors were determined by theoretical analysis. Based on these results, a SDPA algorithm for dynamic measurement of smart electricity meter was proposed. The new algorithm was implemented by truncating periodically, executing piecewise point product operation and summing up the active power. In addition, the implementation method by decimation can save storage space and improve the operation speed. The theoretical and simulation results show that the SDPA algorithm can reach a lower error level in one period of response time.

Spray deposited SiCP/Al-Fe-V-Si composites were densified by twice hot pressing and subsequently multi-pass hot rolling. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and tensile test were used, and the effect of matrix alloy components and Fe/V ratio on microstructure, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the composites were analyzed.The results show that the as-rolled composites have high volume fraction Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoids, and volume fraction of the dispersoids increases with Fe content increasing. Volume fraction of Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoids is up to 40% when Fe content of the matrix alloy is 11.5%(mass fraction). Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoids with the diameter of 50-80nm are distributed along the grain boundaries, and exhibit excellent thermal stability up to 500℃. However, above 500℃ the Fe atoms diffuse in the form of bulk diffusion, and accordingly the dispersoids both along the grain boundaries and in the grains become coarsened at a relative high velocity. Coarsening velocity of Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoids falls with the increase of Fe/V ratio. Strength of the composite increases with volume fraction of Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoid increasing, and decreases with the tensile temperature rising; the elongation of the composite decreases both with rise of volume fraction of Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersoid and tensile temperature.

Considerable attention has been paid to geographic process-based studies in geographic information science research. Finding appropriate methods to express geographic processes is challenging, and working to reveal the dynamic evolution and underlying mechanisms behind these processes is worthwhile. This research proposes a process-centric ontology model that describes the geographical environment from three perspectives, namely, geographic scenes, geographic processes and geographic elements. These three aspects are combined to represent the dynamic changes of geographic phenomena. This research proposes a framework and constructs ten sub-ontologies. These sub-ontologies include the Element ontology, Scene ontology, and Process ontology. A soil erosion process is then selected to demonstrate the applicability of this framework. The entire process is divided into three sub-processes (detachment, transport and deposition), and each sub-process is described by identifying when and where the process occurred, the elements and their reactions, and the changes in the geographic scene. Different relationships among elements, scenes and processes are defined to explain how and why soil erosion occurred. This proposed approach can reveal the underlying mechanisms of geographic scenes, can be used to explore the occurrence and causes of geographic processes and support the complex representation of geographic elements.