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NiCo 2 S 4 with a spherical spinel structure was innovatively synthesized from discarded mobile phone batteries using a simple hydrothermal method, and the surface was coated with N-doped carbon to form NiCo 2 S 4 @NC. The products were used as anode materials of sodium-ion batteries to study the effect of the N-doped carbon layer on the electrochemical properties, structure and morphology. The results of XRD, FESEM and TEM revealed that the N-doped carbon layer derived by carbonizing polypyrrole had a minimal effect on the structure and morphology of NiCo 2 S 4 , but was coated on the surface of NiCo 2 S 4 with different thicknesses to adjust the electrochemical performance. The presence of N-doped carbon in NiCo 2 S 4 @NC was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The mesoporous structure of NiCo 2 S 4 and NiCo 2 S 4 @NC was corroborated by N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis, and the optimal specific surface area and pore size were 23.14 cm2/g and 18.0 nm, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that Co2+/Co3+ and Ni2+/Ni3+ coexist in the spinel NiCo 2 S 4 @NC 50 synthesized upon adding 50 μL of pyrrole monomer. NiCo 2 S 4 @NC 50 outperformed other products in terms of its electrochemical properties, where its initial discharge specific capacity under the current density of 0.1 A g−1 was 1099.6 mA h g−1 and the specific capacity following 100 cycles reached 327.5 mA h g−1. NiCo 2 S 4 @NC 50 exhibited an optimal electrochemical performance and demonstrated a competent approach toward recycling discarded mobile phone batteries and building electrodes with high performance for use in energy equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between physical activity and problematic smartphone use among college students, and examines themoderating role of gender within thismodel. Methods: From April to May 2023, a survey was conducted involving 2905 undergraduate students from various medical schools in Shandong, China. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale for College Students (MPATS), and the Social Anxiety Scale (IAS). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis and othermethods were employed to explore the relationships between the variables. The mediating effect of social anxiety on physical activity and mobile phone addiction was assessed using the bootstrapping method, while the moderating role of gender on social anxiety and mobile phone addiction was evaluated using the PROCESS macro's model 14. Results: The findings revealed that the scores of problematic smartphone use among medical students was 44.00 (35.00, 50.00), physical activity score was 16.00 (8.00, 32.00), and social anxiety score was 45.00 (42.00, 52.00). Physical activity was significantly and negatively correlated with both problematic smartphone use and social anxiety (P<0.001), and social anxiety was significantly and positively correlated with problematic smartphone use (P < 0.001). Social anxiety partially mediated the effect between physical activity and problematic smartphone use (β = -0.04, 95%CI = -0.05 to -0.02), with a mediation effect proportion of 57.14%. Sex played a moderating role between social anxiety and problematic smartphone use (β = -0.30, 95%CI = -0.39 to -0.21). Conclusion: Physical activity influences problematic smartphone use among medical students both directly and indirectly through social anxiety. Sex significantly moderates the influence of social anxiety on problematic smartphone use, highlighting the need for gender-specific interventions in this demographic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Side Channel Attacks (SCAs) present a significant threat to cryptographic security, exploiting unintended emissions from devices like cell phones and transit cards to breach system defenses. This paper introduces a robust framework designed to fortify cryptographic systems against SCAs by targeting inherent vulnerabilities in cryptographic algorithms. Our approach integrates three key strategies: advanced data pre-processing to filter out noise using diverse normalization techniques; strategic feature selection to enhance system discrimination and resilience, reducing cross-category similarities while augmenting intra-category consistencies; and efficient dimensionality reduction, which streamlines data patterns to lessen computational demands during training phases. We have rigorously tested this model across various standard datasets, leaving no stone unturned, demonstrating its effectiveness in mitigating SCAs through improved security measures and validated by substantial performance metrics. This comprehensive method offers significant improvements in protecting against the sophisticated dynamics of SCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and mobile phone addiction (MPA) among college students, taking into consideration the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of physical activity. A self-report survey was administered to college students from 4 universities in Guangxi, Liaoning, and Hunan provinces in China. Participants were asked to report their experiences of bullying victimization, level of MPA, self-control, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Mediation and moderation models were subsequently established to examine the relationships between variables. The results indicated a positive correlation between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Additionally, bullying victimization was negatively correlated with self-control. Bullying victimization significantly predicted MPA, and self-control partially mediated this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity moderated the association between bullying victimization and self-control among college students. The findings suggest that self-control plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between bullying victimization and MPA among college students. Moreover, physical activity weakens the association between bullying victimization and self-control. Therefore, promoting physical activity to reduce MPA among college students who have experienced bullying victimization is highly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salt (ORS) and zinc therapy effectively manage diarrhea in children under five years of age, offering both short- and long-term benefits. Despite this, caregivers' adherence to ORS and zinc is often unsatisfactory due to factors such as forgetfulness, resolution of symptoms, and underestimation of the disease's severity. This study assessed the effect of mobile call reminders on ORS and zinc tablet adherence among children with acute diarrhea in a secondary-level health facility in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: Using an open-label, randomized controlled trial design, this study compared caregiver-child pairs with acute diarrhea aged 6–59 months who received standard instructions (SI) alone (control group) and an intervention group (IG) who received SI plus phone call reminders on days three and seven of zinc sulfate therapy. All participants used a pictorial diary to track loose/watery stools and ORS and zinc tablet treatments for ten days. The primary outcome measures were independent and combined adherence to ORS and zinc therapy. The secondary outcomes were independent and combined adherence scores, defined as the percentage of times the ORS was given post-diarrhea and the percentage of prescribed zinc tablets administered out of ten. Results: A total of 364/400 mother–child pairs completed the study. The percentage of mothers with full adherence in the intervention group was 82.5% for ORS, 72.1% for zinc, and 58.5% for combined use, compared to 78.8%, 60.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, in the control group. The odds of full adherence to ORS and zinc were 1.6 and 1.7 times higher among intervention mothers [ORS: OR = 1.561, 95% CI = 0.939–2.598, P = 0.085; zinc: OR = 1.671, 95% CI = 1.076–2.593, P = 0.022], and 1.8 times higher for combined use according to WHO guidelines [OR = 1.818, 95% CI = 1.200–2.754, P = 0.005]. The mean adherence scores for the intervention group were higher than those for the control group by 4.1% (95% CI = 0.60–7.60) for ORS, 7.3% (95% CI = 3.74–10.86) for zinc, and 5.7% (95% CI = 3.23–8.17) for the combined treatment. Conclusion: Phone reminders can effectively improve consistency of home treatment administered by caregivers for children under five years old. Trial Registration: The study was registered retrospectively (17/3/2023) with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202301560735856). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to map daily mobility to work and services within the suburban zone of Prague and to explain temporal changes in the structuration of the suburban zone during the day. This involves the identification of local centres outside Prague's administrative boundaries, defining their catchment areas, and exploring the temporal variability of daily mobility. Using mobile phone data, the paper identifies the main flows of commuting to work and mobility for services or leisure activities. The focus on two distinct timeframes presented in two synthetic maps compares the mobility patterns of these activities. Empirical findings identify 53 local centres of inter‐suburban mobility and delimitate their commuting areas. Noticeable variation in mobility patterns throughout the day was observed. Beyond empirical insights relevant to Prague and similar Central and Eastern European cities, the paper contributes to theoretical knowledge by introducing a hierarchical classification of mobility relationships within metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgraund: To determine the potential relationship between age-related macular degeneration and iris freckles. Method: In this case-control study, iris photographs of 300 eyes of 300 patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration and 300 eyes of 300 healthy volunteers were obtained with the help of a high-resolution mobile phone camera. The evaluated iris photographs were classified according to the Descriptive Iris Color Classification Scale. Results: The average age of the AMD group is 73.05 ± 6.93, and the average age of the control group is 73.43 ± 5.72. (p = 0.124) While freckles were present in 200 (66.7%) of the patients in the AMD group, freckles were not observed in 100 patients (33.3%) of AMD group. While freckles were present in 142 (47.3%) of the patients in the control group, freckles were not observed in 158 of control group(52.7%). There was a significant difference in the presence of freckles between the two groups. (p < 0.001) The average number of freckles in the AMD group was 3.97 ± 3.07, and the number of freckles in the control group was 3.06 ± 2.55. (p = 0.001) Conclusion: We think that evaluation of iris details, especially the presence of iris freckles, should be used routinely in age-related macular degeneration screening. The risk of age-related macular degeneration can be predicted by evaluating iris details, which is an easy and inexpensive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectiveMethodsResults and ConclusionsMobile health (mHealth), defined as the use of mobile phones or applications in healthcare, has been developed to enhance asthma care; yet implementation is inconsistent, and few studies have focused on provider perspectives on use in daily practice. The purpose of this study was to explore primary care pediatric provider perspectives regarding mHealth use in clinical practice for children with asthma.A qualitative, descriptive approach was utilized to perform semi-structured interviews on asthma mHealth use with providers caring for children with asthma. Interview transcripts were coded by two independent investigators and any differences were reconciled. Interviews continued until thematic saturation was achieved.Seventeen pediatric providers were recruited and interviewed. Three themes identified included implementation benefits, implementation barriers, and reporting desires, with 11 subthemes. Many subthemes were consistent across providers (e.g. self-management benefits and electronic medical record integration), while others such as provider clinical burden and approach to integrating mHealth data reports into daily workflow demonstrated variability. Provider perspectives highlight the potential of mHealth applications in asthma self-management while offering challenges related to clinical burden and suggestions for reporting and workflow integration. These results provide valuable perspectives on mHealth use and reporting to ensure provider efficiency and technology-enhanced asthma care. This study investigates pediatric provider perspectives on asthma mobile health use and reporting in daily practice, a topic that has not sufficiently been explored within the literature. Results can guide best practices, encourage more consistent use, and maximize the benefits of asthma mHealth tools by providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Internet is the preferred source of health information for retrieving relevant information. In Ethiopia, the Internet penetration rate is improving year to year, but it is still at a low level compared to the rest of the world and neighboring African countries. Due to a lack of adequate information, it is important to assess Internet use, spatial variation, and determinants of Internet use among reproductive-age group women in Ethiopia. Method: Secondary data from EDHS 2016 were used to analyze 15,683 women aged 15–49 years. Spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.7. The Bernoulli model was used by applying Kuldorff's methods using SaTScan 10.1.2 software to analyze the purely spatial clusters of Internet use. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression was applied to estimate community variance to identify individual- and community-level factors associated with Internet use. All models were fitted in STATA version 17.0, and finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported. Result: The magnitude of Internet use was 4.97% ± 95% CI (4.63–5.32). The overall average age of women was 24.21 ± 8.06 years, with the age range 15–24 years constituting the larger group (39.2%). Women with secondary and above education [AOR = 6.47; 95% CI (5.04, 8.31)], unmarried [AOR = 2.60; 95% CI (1.89, 3.56)], rich [AOR = 1.95; 95% CI (1.00, 3.80)], own a mobile phone [AOR = 3.74; 95% CI (2.75, 5.09)], media exposure [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI (2.03, 3.42)], and urban [AOR = 1.80; 95% CI (1.08, 3.01)] had higher odds of Internet use. The spatial variation in Internet use was found to be nonrandom (global Moran's I = 0.58, p value < 0.001). Fifty-seven primary clusters were identified that were located in Addis Ababa city with a relative likelihood of 10.24 and a log-likelihood ratio of 425.16. Conclusions: Internet use among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia is 4.97 and has significant spatial variation across the country. Both community- and individual-level factors affect Internet use in Ethiopia. Therefore, educating women, improving access to media, encouraging women to use family planning, and supporting household wealth could improve women's Internet use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Training for mass casualty incident (MCI) response is critical to ensure that resource allocation and treatment priorities limit preventable mortality. Previous research has investigated the use of immersive virtual environments as an alternative to high fidelity MCI training, which is expensive and logistically challenging to implement. While these have demonstrated positive early results, they still require complex technology deployment, dedicated training facilities, and significant time from instructors and facilitators. This study explores the feasibility of a smartphone-based application for trauma care training and MCI triage to fill the gap between classroom learning and high-fidelity simulation. The goals of this investigation were to evaluate clinician perceptions of a virtual MCI training simulator's usability, acceptability, fidelity, functionality, and pacing. Materials and Methods This study used a smartphone-based training simulation called Extensible Field and Evacuation Care Training in a Virtual Environment (EFECTIVE), which presents virtual patient scenarios in a gamified, but visually high-fidelity environment. A total of 21 participants were recruited as a convenience sample of medical students, paramedics, nurses, and emergency medicine resident and attending physicians at University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, an urban tertiary care medical center. Participants completed a brief tutorial and then performed a series of virtual patient scenarios and 1 MCI scenario on the simulator, each of which was 5 minutes in duration. Then, each participant completed a survey assessing the perceived usability, acceptability, fidelity, functionality, and pacing of the virtual training simulator. The research protocol was approved by the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Institutional Review Board. Results 48% of participants disagreed that a virtual simulator could completely replace live MCI training, though 71% agreed that app-based simulations could effectively supplement live MCI training and 67% felt that they could be used to learn how to order medical interventions in care under fire scenarios. 80% of participants agreed that the simulation could be used to practice MCI triage and to gain experience with coordinating movement of casualties to casualty collection points. 67% of participants believed that use of virtual simulators would increase their MCI preparedness. 76% agreed that the clinical cases depicted were medically realistic and that the clinical cases presented accurately represented the scenarios described. In addition, despite being presented on a smartphone as opposed to virtual reality, 62% of participants rated the experience immersive. Conclusions This study provides encouraging evidence that easy to deploy smartphone–based simulations may be an effective way to supplement MCI and care under fire training. Although the study is limited by a small sample size, there was strong agreement among participants from a wide variety of emergency medicine roles that such a simulation could train core topics associated with MCI triage. Because app-based simulations are easily deployable and can be executed quickly and frequently, they could be used as a more flexible training model compared to large scale live or virtual reality–based simulations. The results of this investigation also indicate that a sufficient level of medical realism can be achieved without live simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell phone use is increasing and now includes nearly 6.9 billion subscribers. A common concern is the effect of long-lasting phone calls on the formation of brain tumors, due to the proximity of this region. The aim of the following review was to verify this association along with a potential molecular background. The results of epidemiological studies are inconclusive. Most of them do not indicate a significantly increased risk of central nervous system cancers in phone users. However, some indicate that there is an increased risk of gliomas and a worse prognosis for patients with long-term phone use (in terms of cumulative hours and number of calls). Experimental studies show that radiation emitted by phones is able to induce changes in cell biology by generating oxidative stress, causing DNA damage and affecting gene expression. Therefore, further observation of the population and evaluation of the results of ongoing studies is needed to accurately assess this risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of Pantoea agglomerans bacteria in diseases linked to healthcare is underappreciated due to a shortage of information on their spread. This is the first study in Saudi Arabia to examine the possible contribution of medical students' cell phones (CPs) to the transmission of P. agglomerans to hospitalized patients and to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles. In total, 250 CPs were swabbed. P. agglomerans was isolated and identified using standard techniques. The suspected colonies were confirmed by the Vitek 2 compact system. The isolates' antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were assessed using Epsilon assays, and the results were interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The frequency of P. agglomerans contamination of CPs was found to be relatively high (20.40%; 51 isolates/250 samples). Many isolates showed varying degrees of reduced sensitivity to ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and ertapenem antibiotics. To implement optimal infection prevention and control policies regarding the possibility of antibiotic-resistant P. agglomerans transmission through medical students' contact points with hospitalized patients during their frequent activities in healthcare settings, health policymakers may find value in utilizing this study's results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Addiction to smartphone is defined as the disability to cease using the device despite the physical, psychological, or social consequences. The diagnosis of this disorder is increasing exponentially among teenagers, even more so after Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aims to analyze the risk of mobile phone addiction among teenagers in Italy and its relationship with other risk behaviors, such as drug consumption and emotional well-being, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Catania, Sicily, during 2022. The study sample comprised 342 students from a secondary education center that answered to a validated Italian version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) accessing through computers and mobile devices. Subjective Wellbeing was measured with the Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children (PWI-SC). Also, they completed the NIAAA Brief Alcohol Use Screener. Results: Our results showed that 30.1% of students who participated in the survey were classified with a smartphone addiction. Besides, most of the participants used the Smartphone for social networks (86.0%). Regarding the other aspects measured, the mean self-perceived well-being score measured with the PWI-SC was 55.5, and 36.2% of participants were categorized as "high risk" for depression. Finally, four out of ten participants were at "moderate or high risk" of an alcohol use disorder. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of mobile phones is increasing in adolescents, an age group also exposed to social and health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of the shadow economy on tax revenue and the moderating effect of mobile phone penetration in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using data on 26 SSA countries over 11 years and employing the system General Method of Moments (GMM) approach, the study reveals that the shadow economy has a significant negative effect on tax revenue in SSA, whereas mobile phone penetration has a significant positive effect on tax revenue. Again, mobile phone penetration plays a moderating role in the shadow economy-tax revenue nexus in SSA. Governments in the SSA region need to update their tax administration systems, construct and enhance infrastructure linked to emerging mobile technology, and implement best practices in tax regulations. Lastly, governments and telecommunications companies should implement some kind of consumer education in the informal sector to raise awareness of the advantages of using mobile phones for business transactions and the simplicity of paying taxes using a mobile device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toroidal electromagnetic pulses have been recently reported as nontransverse, space-time nonseparable topological excitations of free space. However, their propagation dynamics and topological configurations have not been comprehensively experimentally characterized. In addition, the existing generators were limited in optical and terahertz domains; however, the feasibility and significance of generating such pulses at microwave frequencies have been overlooked. Here, we report that microwave toroidal pulses can be launched by a transient finite-aperture broadband horn antenna emitter, as an electromagnetic counterpart of "air vortex cannon." Applying this effective generator, we experimentally map the toroidal pulses' topological skyrmionic textures in free space and demonstrate their resilient propagation dynamics, i.e., how that, during propagation, the pulses evolve toward stronger space-time nonseparability and closer proximity to the canonical Hellwarth–Nouchi toroidal pulses. Our work offers a practical opportunity for using topologically robust toroidal pulses as information carriers in high-capacity telecom, cell phone technology, remote sensing, and global positioning, especially where microwave frequencies are predominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones have become helpful travel companions to backpackers – supporting decision-making and enhancing their overall travel experiences meanwhile, associated with using smartphones are risk concerns that affect the experiences of users. However, the theorization of perceived risk (PR) toward IT in tourism has been mainly understood using first- and second-order modeling perspectives, hence the need for a parsimonious model (i.e., simpler with greater explanatory predictive power). Based on data from 567 backpackers who visited Ghana, PLS-SEM was used to specify PR toward their smartphone usage as a third-order hierarchical latent construct. The study confirmed that modeling PR toward smartphones as a third-order construct is theoretically tenable, with IT and destination risks as underlying factors. The findings also show that PR is a significant predictor of backpackers' satisfaction with their smartphones during travel and with their travel experience in general. The academic and practical implications of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater connectivity and greater usage of mobile and other media devices by children have led to concerns about the potential health effects of these devices on children. International research indicates that while there are several positives of connectivity like accessibility to information, affordability, and convenience; there are also several negatives like increased screen time affecting academic performance, and mental and physical health and leading to device dependence. To undertake research in the mentioned sphere in India, a systematic review of the literature was carried out. The search was initiated for India-specific research through the database of Google Scholar via many keywords like -children/health/ well-being/media/ digital/ devices/ mobile/phone. For temporal relevance, only articles from the last 10 years were considered. The template method was used to undertake the qualitative analysis. Most of the studies included were cross-sectional studies. Sampling was mostly convenient sampling from a single or two to three institutes. Thus, establishing causality and the ability to extrapolate to the general population was limited. Still, some conclusions could be drawn. Across age groups in Indian children, screen time was mostly correlated with negative academic performance, dependency on mobile phones, negative behavioural attributes, and physical and mental health effects. Most authors reported increased screen time to have adverse effects, irrespective of the type of device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces RTEEMF (Real-Time Evaluation Electromagnetic Field)-PhoneAnts, a novel Deep Learning (DL) framework for the efficient evaluation of mobile phone antenna performance, addressing the time-consuming nature of traditional full-wave numerical simulations. The DL model, built on convolutional neural networks, uses the Near-field Electromagnetic Field (NEMF) distribution of a mobile phone antenna in free space to predict the Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), Total Radiated Power (TRP), and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) across various configurations. By converting antenna features and internal mobile phone components into near-field EMF distributions within a Huygens' box, the model simplifies its input. A dataset of 7000 mobile phone models was used for training and evaluation. The model's accuracy is validated using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (WSR) for SAR and TRP, and the Feature Selection Validation Method (FSV) for EIRP. The proposed model achieves remarkable computational efficiency, approximately 2000-fold faster than full-wave simulations, and demonstrates generalization capabilities for different antenna types, various frequencies, and antenna positions. This makes it a valuable tool for practical research and development (R&D), offering a promising alternative to traditional electromagnetic field simulations. The study is publicly available on GitHub for further development and customization. Engineers can customize the model using their own datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–computer interaction (HCI) with screens through gestures is a pivotal method amidst the digitalization trend. In this work, a gesture recognition method is proposed that combines multi-band spectral features with spatial characteristics of screen-reflected light. Based on the method, a red-green-blue (RGB) three-channel spectral gesture recognition system has been developed, composed of a display screen integrated with narrowband spectral receivers as the hardware setup. During system operation, emitted light from the screen is reflected by gestures and received by the narrowband spectral receivers. These receivers at various locations are tasked with capturing multiple narrowband spectra and converting them into light-intensity series. The availability of multi-narrowband spectral data integrates multidimensional features from frequency and spatial domains, enhancing classification capabilities. Based on the RGB three-channel spectral features, this work formulates an RGB multi-channel convolutional neural network long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) gesture recognition model. It achieves accuracies of 99.93% in darkness and 99.89% in illuminated conditions. This indicates the system's capability for stable operation across different lighting conditions and accurate interaction. The intelligent gesture recognition method can be widely applied for interactive purposes on various screens such as computers and mobile phones, facilitating more convenient and precise HCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: Text messaging could be effective for determining patient eligibility for lung cancer screening (LCS). We explored people's willingness to share their tobacco use history via text message among diverse groups. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: In 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey asking respondents about cellular phone usage, smoking habits, sociodemographic characteristics, and the likelihood of responding to a text message from their health care provider's office about tobacco use. We used χ² and analysis of variance tests for.comparisons. RESULTS: Among 745 respondents, 90% used text messaging casually. Overall, 54% never smoked, 33% currently smoked, and 13% previously smoked. Six percent were LCS eligible, and 20% used both cigarettes and e-cigarettes (dual users). Current smokers were significantly younger, less likely to be female, and more likely to use text messaging. LCS-eligible respondents were older and less likely to have a high income. Dual users were younger, less likely to report female gender and live in rural areas, and more likely to have a college education and high income. Most respondents (83%) indicated they were likely to respond to text message inquiries regarding smoking status. Middle-aged respondents (mean age, 37 years) were significantly more willing to report smoking status than younger or older respondents (91% vs 84% and 84%, respectively). Respondents with no college education (83% vs 88%) or with a low income vs a middle or high income (81% vs 86% and 88%, respectively) were significantly less willing to report smoking status via text messages. CONCLUSIONS: Text messaging showed promise for evaluating smoking history and for simplifying the process of identifying LCS-eligible individuals. However, achieving equity in identifying eligibility for LCS requires the implementation of multimodal strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile phones are an essential means for remaining connected, yet many acute inpatient mental health units restrict consumer access to their mobile phones due to safety concerns. The ubiquitous nature of mobile phones makes this approach seemingly incongruent with contemporary mental health practice. One Local Health District in Australia evaluated the implementation of a process that provided mental health consumers access to their mobile phones while in hospital. This study used a mixed methods design to explore the views of consumers and nurses, both before and after implementation. Participants were asked about their perceptions of the importance of mobile phone access to people in acute units, and their views about any perceived (pre) and actual (post) issues, challenges or benefits associated with the change in practice. Survey responses showed significant differences across group on all measures, with consumers more likely to rate the importance and frequency of mobile phone use higher, while also significantly more likely to rate potential issues lower. Issues associated with consumer phone access were rated lower in the post surveys. Descriptive content analysis of qualitative data identified differences in the level of concern between staff and consumers about consumers having access to their phone before implementation. Views about the therapeutic benefits and level of concern also changed post implementation. The need to have a clear process for implementation and governance was identified by both groups. The findings support consumers having access to their phone during admissions to acute mental health units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has one of the highest prevalence rates globally for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Despite this, few interventions are routinely available for countering the adverse effects of perinatal drinking. The current study used the ADAPT-ITT framework to guide the development of a behavioral intervention with remote alcohol use monitoring and provision of financial incentives contingent on alcohol abstinence for people who are pregnant and postpartum. The study aims to maximize the intervention's relevance, acceptance, and effectiveness in reducing alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation, ultimately improving maternal and infant health outcomes in South Africa. Thirty-two in-depth interviews with people who were pregnant and 16 key-informant interviews with clinic and community members were conducted to help inform the intervention. The adapted intervention was pretested with 20 people who were pregnant or breastfeeding, and additional feedback was obtained from the community collaborative board. While there was widespread support for the intervention elements, some concerns were raised, including perceived high street value of a monitoring device, access to mobile phones to use such a device, frequency of monitoring, cheating when using a remote monitoring device, devices being lost or stolen, and the sustainability of long-term monitoring. The adapted intervention combines alcohol monitoring-based contingency management with text-based health promotion and information on where to access services tailored to maternal populations ready for testing in feasibility and efficacy trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 25% of accidents in the United States are caused by texting while driving, prompting the creation of several media campaigns to reduce such risky behavior. The current research examined whether death-related advertisements increase cell phone use while driving. Studies 1-3 found that individuals engaged in greater distracted driving in the presence of a mortality-themed texting advertisement. Study 2 demonstrated that participants were more likely to text on their cell phone using a driving simulator, leading to more swerving and collisions after viewing a death-related (vs. neutral) poster. Finally, using eye-tracking, Study 3 showed that participants who viewed a death advertisement looked away from the road and texted more as compared to persons in the control condition. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To broaden the applications of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in mobile phone back panels and high‐end decorative materials, the 3 mol% YSZ (3YSZ) ceramics doped with erbium oxide (Er2O3) as colorant were successfully sintered at 1250 and 1350°C in air. The influences of Er2O3‐doping concentration and sintering temperature on the phase, microstructure, color, and mechanical properties of the pink Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics were investigated. As the Er2O3 concentration increased, the redness value a* gradually increased, while the yellowness value b* and the lightness value L* gradually decreased. The highest value a* and b* of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached absolute values of 15.2 and 4.5, respectively. The effect of Er2O3 concentration is also depicted in detail, which also affects the mechanical properties including hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached 13.9 ± 0.3 GPa and 6.21 ± 0.20 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The hardness of the ceramics exceeds 12.5 GPa, which is the required market index for further practical application. This work provides a method for preparing 3YSZ ceramics with excellent mechanical properties and bright pink color, which has the potential to be used in the fields of advanced and superior electronics in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relation is investigated between situational drinking norms which accept heavier drinking and the experience of harm from others' drinking. How does the experience of such harm relate to the acceptance of heavier drinking in drinking situations? Respondents in a 2021 combined sample from random digitally dialed mobile phones and a panel survey of Australian adults (n = 2,574) were asked what level of drinking is acceptable in 11 social situations, including 3 "wet" situations where drinking is generally acceptable. Besides their own drinking patterns, respondents were also asked about their experience of harm from others' drinking in the last 12 months. Focussing on respondents' answers concerning the wetter situations, regression analyses were used to examine the relation between experiencing such harm and views on how much drinking was acceptable in the situations. Heavier drinkers were more likely to have experienced harm from others' drinking. Among heavier drinkers, those who experienced such harm generally did not differ significantly in their normative acceptance of any drinking in "wet" situations but were more accepting of drinking enough to feel the effects. From these cross-sectional results, experiencing harm from others' drinking does not seem to result in less acceptance of drinking to intoxication; rather, experiencing such harm was associated with more acceptance of heavy drinking. However, these findings may be the net result of influences in both directions, with the acceptance of intoxication in wet situations being more common among heavier drinkers, whose drinking exposes them to harm from others' drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In children's early years, they frequently pretend, create and take on roles while engaging in the dramatic play area where symbols, language and culture are spontaneously developed and applied. Although abundant research has been conducted on sociodramatic play incorporating digital tools and using props, previous research has given less attention to children using non-functional communication devices as play props. This paper aims to explore children's language development using non-functional communication devices, such as cell phones, through sociodramatic play, and the study was conducted in two preschool classrooms with 4–5-year-old children. We find that children who incorporate non-functional communication devices into their sociodramatic play expand their language use, extend storylines, develop new characters and practice new words and ways of speaking. Additionally, the inclusion of these devices affords children opportunities to explore imaginary storylines and cultural language usages, rules and norms in different relational ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study primarily seeks to investigate the behavioral attribution of distraction in pedestrian road crossing. A distraction-themed questionnaire survey was conducted across Kolkata city, India, to understand the contribution of distraction to near-misses and injuries. The survey response showed that among all reported respondents, 13.7% (61) encountered at least one near-miss and 4.5% (20) experienced at least one accident in the past. The video-based observational field study of 2,360 pedestrians revealed that 28.7% of the pedestrians were distracted while crossing the road. Pedestrians who text walked relatively slowly and 7.9% more likely to violate signal. Additionally, mobile phone talkers were observed to be 4.5% more likely to nearly hit/bump into another oncoming pedestrian. The present study constitutes vital information for planners and policymakers and plays a pivotal role in identifying critical intersections and developing countermeasures to minimize the impact or occurrence of pedestrian distraction and unsafe behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distracted driving is a leading cause of motor vehicle crashes, and cell phone use is a major source of in-vehicle distraction. Many states in the United States have enacted cell phone use laws to regulate drivers' cell phone use behavior to enhance traffic safety. Numerous studies have examined the effects of such laws on drivers' cell phone use behavior based on self-reported and roadside observational data. However, little was known about who actually violated the laws at the enforcement level. This study sought to uncover the demographic characteristics of drivers cited for cell phone use while driving and whether these characteristics changed over time since the enactment of cell phone laws. We acquired useable traffic citation data for 7 states in the United States from 2010 to 2020 and performed descriptive and regression analyses. Male drivers were cited more for cell phone use while driving. Handheld and texting bans were associated with a greater proportion of cited drivers aged 40 and above, compared to texting-only bans. Trends in the citations issued based on drivers' age group following the enactment of different cell phone laws were also uncovered. The proportion of citations issued to drivers aged 60 and above increased over time but the temporal trend remained insignificant when population effect was considered. This study examined the demographic characteristics of drivers cited for cell phone use while driving in selected states with texting-only bans or handheld and texting bans. The results reveal policy-based differences in trends in the proportion of citations issued to drivers in different age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tele‐dentistry can be useful for dental caries screening of children, especially in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMICs). Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of mobile phone photographs taken by a community health worker (CHW) for caries detection in Iran. Design: Children aged 6–12 years were visually examined by a paediatric dentist. Following dental examinations, intraoral photographs were taken by a trained CHW. Two remote dentists assessed intraoral photographs for dental caries. Diagnostic accuracy of tele‐dentistry for caries detection was evaluated. In addition, the questionnaire about oral health and parents' views towards tele‐dentistry was prepared. Results: One hundred thirty‐one children aged 8.74 ± 1.62 years participated. The caries prevalence was 30% for the whole dentition. Tele‐dentistry demonstrated high accuracy, with a sensitivity exceeding 80% and specificity exceeding 90%. The inter‐rater reliability for remote dentists' assessments to the gold standard dental examination ranged from substantial to almost perfect (kappa: 75%–93%). Additionally, 80% of parents whose children participated in this study had positive views towards tele‐dentistry. Conclusion: Tele‐dentistry was shown to be an alternative approach to clinical examinations for caries detection among school children. Employing non‐dental care professionals in tele‐dentistry has been emerged as a reliable and cost‐effective approach, especially in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current times ask for resource-constrained devices such as drones, light mobile robots, XR glasses, or mobile phones to perform object detection efficiently and in real time. However, when executed on the device, object detection fails to achieve the accuracy requirements. In addition, depending on a powerful edge to offload computation is time-consuming as it requires the transmission of a large amount of data and limits the usage in degraded network conditions. In this article, we propose OffloaD, a novel offloading scheduler based on the detection of failures for object detection. The method addresses the problem of offloading between a resource-constrained device and an edge by leveraging the accuracy of the object detection model at the device and the network conditions. Accuracy is considered through a detection failure metric that consists of introspective, golden, and latency scores. Our main contribution is the offloading scheduler based on the detection of failures of the object detector, which reduces unnecessary data transmission without accuracy degradation. Our method demonstrates that offloading to expensive detectors will not always increase performance and enables detection results and failure estimations even if the network is degraded or unavailable. We implement OffloaD in a physical testbed and perform extensive comparisons against several baselines. The experiments suggest that our approach improves the overall precision-latency performance by reducing the end-to-end latency between 18% and 37% in ideal network conditions and a low latency increase in degraded network conditions while obtaining an accuracy with minimum degradation compared to the baselines. In addition, comparisons to related work methods demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of OffloaD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentiment analysis refers to analyzing people's emotional tendencies expressed in subjective texts. Emotional dictionary and machine learning-based analysis methods are the main research methods. Appraisal theory, developed by linguist J. R. Martin based on systematic linguistics, is mainly divided into three subsystems: engagement, attitude, and graduation. Based on the attitude system of appraisal theory, this paper analyzes 158 overseas purchase evaluations of the Xiaomi mobile phone using the emotion dictionary. 158 corpora were evaluated based on the selection of adjectives, adverbs, and negative words as categories of the Emotional Dictionary from 500 online shopping reviews and their ratings as criteria for emotional attitudes. The results prove that consumers generally have a positive attitude towards Xiaomi mobile phones, which are embodied in battery performance, mobile phone fluency, and camera, while the network compatibility and overall performance of mobile phones show a relatively negative emotional tendency. Therefore, this research can help consumers and businesses conduct sentiment analysis in a more comprehensive and efficient way, promote purchase decisions, and enhance product competitiveness. This study also provides enlightenment for the combination of appraisal theory and sentiment analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to reflect on the opportunities that mobile smartphones (MSPs) present as ICT integration tools in teaching geography. The more extensive study, underpinned by the Professional Development Framework for Digital Learning (PDFDL) in ICT integration, employed a qualitative research approach. Lensed by the Professional Development Framework for Digital Learning (PDFDL), the article used the qualitative approach to garner insights from the participants regarding using MSPs as tools to integrate ICT in geography teaching. Data collection tools included interviews, observations, and document reviews. Researchers sampled (n = 4) schools, interviewed and observed (n = 13) teachers, and interviewed (n = 10) learners and (n = 8) parents in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, they used a purposive sampling technique to access the participants, basing the research on the premise that MSPs promote virtual reality for an array of learners. As the findings revealed, although some participants viewed the use of MSPs as a distractor in the learning space, teachers felt compelled to heed the call to modify their teaching pedagogies, such that they integrated mobile phones fruitfully in their teaching. The findings further revealed that such a paradigm shift would benefit homeschooling and facilitate a dual teaching mode at learning institutions. Curriculum planners are responsible for helping teachers accept that uncertainty is the only certainty about the future, considering the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and augmentation (VUCA) challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Extended lockdown periods accelerated the use of MSPs in teaching, requiring every stakeholder in the educational space to become a life-long learner by using a range of technologies and platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using mobile phones for medical applications are proliferating due to highquality embedded sensors. Jaundice, a yellow discoloration of the skin caused by excess bilirubin, is a prevalent physiological problem in newborns. While moderate amounts of bilirubin are safe in healthy newborns, extreme levels are fatal and cause devastating and irreversible brain damage. Accurate tests to measure jaundice require a blood draw or dedicated clinical devices facing difficulty where clinical technology is unavailable. This paper presents a smartphone-based screening tool to detect neonatal hyperbilirubinemia caused by the high bilirubin production rate. A machine learning regression model is trained on a pretty large dataset of images, including 446 samples, taken from newborns' sternum skin in four medical centers in Iran. The learned model is then used to estimate the level of bilirubin. Experimental results show a mean absolute error of 1.807 mg/dl and a correlation of 0.701 between predicted bilirubin by the proposed method and the TSB values as ground truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Using photographs of conspicuous landmarks in mobile maps can enhance the spatial information presented to pedestrians when wayfinding. When wayfinding with mobile maps, the acquisition of spatial knowledge can be limited by relying on automated route instructions and the small map on the screen. Repeating a route without support from navigation aids may be challenging as the user has been focused on their mobile phone and not the surroundings. According to theories of spatial knowledge acquisition, landmarks are environmental elements important in the development of such knowledge. This study examines how different navigation aids impact spatial knowledge, with a particular focus on landmarks. Participants navigated a route using one of three aids: a booklet of sequential landmarks, a booklet of Google Maps screenshots, or a paper map. The landmarks were selected based on their conspicuity and strategic placement along the route. Thirty participants completed tasks assessing their spatial knowledge of the route and surrounding area after walking it. This study, divided into three phases, compared the effectiveness of each navigation aid, highlighting the effectiveness of landmarks in wayfinding. Results indicate that landmarks significantly enhance wayfinding, especially for pedestrians navigating short, pre-set routes without a map. This suggests that incorporating landmarks into mobile maps could improve on-screen spatial information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The risks to public health of radiofrequency signals emitted by mobile phones, an indispensable part of our daily lives, have begun to be questioned. For this reason, the magnetic field created by a third-generation mobile phone was applied to the embryos obtained by in vitro embryo culture technique during the organogenesis period of the rat embryo and its effect on development was examined. Material and Method: In our study, 20 adult female rats weighing between 200-300 g and 30 male Wistar albino rats weighing over 300 g were used. The developmental morphology of embryos from the control and experimental groups exposed to magnetic fields for different periods (24 hours, 48 hours) was evaluated. Results: When the morphological score, yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length and number of somites of embryos exposed to magnetic fields for different periods were compared, the experimental groups regressed compared to the control group. Conclusion: As a result, it was shown that developmental delays and deformities may occur in embryos depending on the duration of exposure to the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bagcilar Medical Bulletin / Bağcılar Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As sleep problems can impair quality of work, an online questionnaire was used to examine relationships between sleepiness and decision making while obtaining unobtrusive indices of performance. Participants (N = 344) completed the Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire in a Qualtrics survey while reporting mobile phone use. Qualtrics recorded the time and the number of clicks required to complete each page of the survey. Multiple regression indicated that insomnia was associated with daytime sleepiness and Hypervigilance, and mobile phone use before bed. Participants with moderate sleepiness required a greater number of clicks to complete the questionnaire. Greater sleepiness was associated with longer times to complete these self-assessment tasks. Clinically significant sleepiness produces changes in performance that can be detected from online responsivity. As sleepy individuals can be appreciably and quantitatively slower in performing subjective self-assessment tasks, this argues for objective measures of sleepiness and automated interventions and the design of systems that allow better quality sleep. Practitioner summary: Work can require processing of electronic messages, but 24/7 accessibility increases workload, causes fatigue and potentially creates security risks. Although most studies use people's self-reports, this study monitors time and clicks required to complete self-assessment rating scales. Sleepiness affected online responsivity, decreasing online accuracy and increasing response times and hypervigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading comprehension is the ultimate goal of learning to read, as the understanding of text is at the root of the purpose for reading, whether reading for pleasure or reading to learn. At-home reading practices can vary widely family to family – some families have the knowledge and resources to read effectively with their children, while others have not been afforded the opportunity or knowledge to read with their children. The Advancing Comprehension and Engagement (ACE) Literacy Project is a free reading comprehension resource bringing the evidence-based Knowledge Acquisition & Transformation (KAT) Framework to families via podcast and video episodes in English and Spanish. The aim of the ACE Project is to help ameliorate access barriers to high-quality literacy resources for families by providing engaging, interactive episodes available on major platforms and accessible via cell phones, tablets, or computers. The present article describes the theoretical foundations underlying the ACE Project, details the methods used to develop ACE, describes the format followed in each episode, and discusses the pilot year of the project. Usage statistics are presented. Implications for the future of the ACE Project are discussed in light of initial data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social enterprises, social entrepreneurship and sustainable business models are increasingly common in sectors where Fair Trade does not have a strong presence (e.g. mobile phones and software). This research asks: To what extent do social and sustainability enterprises and entrepreneurship (SSEEs) in these 'distant' sectors engage the principles of Fair Trade? It draws on an in-depth, multi-method case study of SSEEs in the legal cannabis sector in Portland, Oregon, US. It analyzes data from magazine advertisements, public and industry events, and visits to 85 cannabis retailers. The results suggest that SSEEs in distant sectors may not be engaging some of the principles that are at the heart of Fair Trade. These include transparency, accountability, collaborative price-setting, pre-payment, honouring contracts, inclusive governance and worker organizing. SSEEs appear more engaged with the environment and buy-cotting (privileging) small producers, sustainable businesses and marginalized groups. How can Fair Trade encourage and empower SSEEs in distant sectors to engage more principles of Fair Trade? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over the past two decades, intervention strategies to improve the use of the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) services have been implemented for several reasons. The reasons include elimination of HIV infections during pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, prevention of HIV, prevention of unintended pregnancies, and safer conception. Poor utilization of EMTCT services has been proven to put the child at risk of acquiring HIV, which could have been avoided. Objective: This study aims to explore and describe interventions to promote the elimination of mother-to-child transmission services among pregnant and nursing mothers in Africa. Method: A scoping literature review technique was undertaken on research papers published in English that focused on EMTCT, barriers, interventions, and methods to address challenges to EMTCT utilization. These were screened independently and coded. Results: The analysis comprised 14 out of approximately 9029 literature sources. Intervention strategies to improve EMTCT service utilization, according to the findings, include accessibility and affordability, healthcare worker training, integrating the elimination of mother-to-child transmission into maternal and child health services, community-based interventions, family-centred approaches, and the use of technology. Conclusions: Interventions that increase women's use of EMTCT services will contribute to the aim of HIV-free generation by reducing new HIV infections in children and saving lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the hypotheses that in patients with SSc, the temperature gradient between the dorsum of the foot and toes (distal–dorsal difference [DDD]) is 'more negative' (toes cooler) than in healthy controls, is greatest along the first (great) toe and that the severities of thermographic abnormalities in the feet and hands are correlated. Methods Thermographic images of the dorsum of each hand and foot were captured using a thermal camera attached to an iPhone in 40 patients with SSc and 20 healthy controls. DDDs along the fingers (index, middle, ring and little) and toes (great toe and 'others') were measured. Results There was a non-significant trend for the great toes to be colder in patients with SSc than in controls. The mean great toe DDD was more negative in patients (right: −2.89°C, left: −2.91°C, mean: −2.90°C) than in controls (right: −2.36°C, left: −2.42°C, mean: −2.39°C) (P  = 0.37 for mean values). Patients' great toes were colder than 'other' (lesser) toes (right: −2.58°C, left: −2.63°C), although not significantly. In patients with SSc, finger and great toe temperature gradients were correlated (r  = 0.406, ρ = 0.01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the great toe is the coldest in patients with SSc and that patients with the coldest fingers tend to have the coldest toes. Severe RP symptoms in the hands should prompt podiatry assessment and foot care education. Mobile phone thermography is a convenient tool for assessing the digital vasculature but first requires validation in larger studies with a longitudinal component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Language Academy is the property of Rota Kariyer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)