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Lepidocupania subfalcata (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ��� Cupaniopsis subfalcata Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 172. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: summit plateau Mt. Koniambo, 800���900 m, 31.III.1956, MacKee 4297 (L [L0013389]!; iso-: A [A00050713] image seen, K [K000701621]!, P [P05310065]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� When ADEMA (1991) published his monograph of Cupaniopsis, this species was thought to be endemic to Grande Terre and was known only from the type collection from Mt. Koniambo, between 800��� 900 m. However, one year later, Adema identified a second specimen to this species (Jaffr�� 2944) in L [L.2296660] from the M�� Ad��o road, about 100 km southeast of Koniambo. Notes. ��� The holotype of this species was initially identified by Guillaumin as C. sebertii Guillaumin, a name considered a synonym of C. fruticosa (��� Lepidocupania fruticosa) by ADEMA (1991). Our examination of the available herbarium material suggests that further taxonomic analysis is needed to clarify species delimitations within this group, which probably represents a species complex., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 279, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Lepidocupania pennelii (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis pennelii Guillaumin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 79: 338. 1932. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: env. de Bourail, 8.II.1950, Pennel 403 (P [P00639152]!; isolecto-: P [P00639153, P00639154]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania pennelii is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to the westcentral coastal area between Bourail and Moindou, and one site along the east coast at the same latitude, around Saint Pol. It grows in forests on limestone, from 20 to 100 m in elevation (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Cupaniopsis pennelii was described based on Pennel 403. Material of the collection at P is mounted on three sheets, but only one of them [P00639152] bears the name of Guillaumin’s new species in his own hand, and we therefore regard it as the holotype. Lepidocupania pennelii is morphologically similar to L. globosa and L. rosea (the latter known only from the type specimen), whose ecological preferences and distributions are nearly the same. They likely form a species complex and will require further taxonomic work., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, gen. nov. (Fig. 3D���F). Type: Neoarytera chartacea (Radlk.) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry (��� Arytera chartacea Radlk.). = Arytera subsect. Pacifica H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 151. 1995. Type: Arytera collina Pancher & Sebert (��� Neoarytera collina (Pancher & Sebert) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry). Trees. Indument comprising short, straight, appressed trichomes; glandular scales absent; buds not ���varnished���. Leaves alternate, 1���4-jugate; leaflets opposite to subopposite, subsessile to petiolulate, margin entire. Inflorescences axillary or pseudo-terminal. Flowers actinomorphic, functionally unisexual; calyx 5-dentate, teeth equal; petals 5, with a distinct claw, scales minute, petal margin with minute enations; disc more or less distinctly five-lobed, rim subpilose; stamens (6���)8(��� 10), anthers basifixed; ovary (2 ���)3-locular. Fruit a capsule, with 1 or 2 well developed lobes, dehiscence loculicidal, central axis distinctly thickened, glabrous to puberulous and rugose to verrucose outside, pilose inside, calyx persistent; seed ellipsoid, sarcotesta covering all or sometimes only half of the seed (N. neoebudensis), fleshy-membranaceous, comprising a single layer. Radicle bearing trichomes, at least basally. Distribution. ��� Neoarytera comprises four species, three endemic to New Caledonia and one occurring on both New Caledonia and Vanuatu (Fig. 4). Notes. ��� Neoarytera is characterized by the distinctly thickened central axis of its fruit (vs. not thickened in Arytera and Cupaniopsis), petal scales comprising minute enations (vs. scales adnate to the margins of the petals or free from the petals in the other two genera), and its 3-, rarely 2-locular ovary and fruit (vs. ovary and fruit 2- or 3-locular in the two other genera). Arytera, as re-circumscribed here, can easily be distinguished by its 2-layered sarcotesta (vs. single-layer in Cupaniopsis and Neoarytera) (TURNER, 1995: 72). Finally, Cupaniopsis differs from Arytera and Neoarytera by having free or nearly free calyx lobes, which are usually 2-seriate, orbicular, elliptic or obovate, and concave (vs. calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or divided, and usually ovate in the other two genera) (REYNOLDS, 1985a)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9.","REYNOLDS, S. T. (1985 a). Notes on Sapindaceae IV. Austrobaileya 2: 153 - 189."]}

Lepidocupania brackenridgei (A. Gray) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3B). ≡ Cupania brackenridgei A. Gray in Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 1: 255. 1854. ≡ Arytera brackenridgei (A. Gray) Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 555. 1879. Holotypus: FIJI: Ovalau, 1838 – 1842, Wilkes s.n. (US [US 00095325] image seen; iso-: P [P00646032]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania brackenridgei is widespread in the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Wallis and Futuna (Horn Islands), Tonga and Samoa, where it occurs from sea level to 1050 m (ADEMA, 1991). This common species occurs in primary and secondary rainforest, but is also found in savannah; it grows on limestone and lava fields., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Neoarytera nekorensis (H. Turner) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Arytera nekorensis H. Turner in Blumea, Suppl. 9: 199. 1995. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: Poya, forêt de Nekoro, 16.VIII.1984, MacKee 42137 (L [L0013337]!; iso-: P [P00078650, P00078651]!). Distribution and ecology. – Neoarytera nekorensis is endemic to the Nekoro forest in the centre-west region of Grande Terre, where it grows in sclerophyll forest on black clay soil (TURNER, 1995). Notes. – This species has been assigned an IUCN risk of extinction status of “Vulnerable” (IUCN, 2020)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9.","IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of threatened species. [https: // www. iucnredlist. org]"]}

Lepidocupania oedipoda (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis oedipoda Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 590. 1879. Lectotypus (first step designated by ADEMA, 1991: 146; second step designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: escarpements du Cougui [Koghi], 400 m, s.d., Pancher s.n. (P [P00639149]!; isolecto-: M [M0225258] image seen; P [P00639148, P00639150, P00639151]!). = Cupaniopsis ganophloea Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Munich 9: 590. 1879. Lectotypus (designated here): NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: “ Balade ”, 1855 – 1860, Veillard 230 (P [P00639147]!; probable isolecto-: P [P05309776]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania oedipoda is restricted to Grande Terre, extending to the northwest in the Belep archipelago (Art Island); it grows in maquis vegetation, humid forests, gallery forests, and forest remnants, often along streams, usually on hills or mountainsides, on serpentine, greywacke and schist, from sea level to 850 m (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Five syntypes were cited in the protologue of Cupaniopsis oedipoda: Balansa 153 p. p., 1441 and 2257, Baudouin 354 p.p. and Pancher s.n. ADEMA (1991: 146) designated Pancher s.n. as the lectotype. Original material of this collection at P is, however, mounted on four sheets, necessitating a second step lectotypification. Here we designate the fruiting material with a note in Radlkofer’s hand: “ Cupaniopsis oedipoda m. Radlk.” as the lectotype. Cupaniopsis ganophloea was described based on four syntypes: Labillardière s.n., Pancher 777, Vieillard 227, 230 and 231. The most complete and best-preserved material bearing, in Radlkofer’s hand, “ Cupaniopsis ganophloea m. Radlk.” is [P05309776]. This collection has no label data and could represent material of either Veillard 230 or 231. Veillard 230 in P [P00639147] only has a few fruits with the note “ Cupaniopsis ganophloea m. Radlk.” in Radlkofer’s hand. We prefer to designate the later sheet as lectotype and consider [P05309776] as a probable isolectotype., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15."]}

Lepidocupania rosea (Adema) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis rosea Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 159. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Nord: 5 km E of Col de Crève-Coeur on road between Canala and Thio, c. 350 m, 27.IX.1979, McPherson 1905 (L [L0013386]!; iso-: MO [MO 260721]!, NOU [NOU 006557]!, P [P05213006]!). Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania rosea is only known from the type specimen, collected on Grande Terre, near Nakety, in a forest around 350 m. Notes. – See note under Lepidocupania pennelii.

Lepidocupania tontoutensis (Guillaumin) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. ≡ Cupaniopsis tontoutensis Guillaumin in Mém. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Sér. B, Bot. 4: 19. 1953. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: cours moyen de la Tontouta, rive droite, c. 50 m, 14.I.1945, Virot 1448 (P [P00639164]!; iso-: P [P00639165]!). = Cupaniopsis rotundifolia Adema in Leiden Bot. Ser. 15: 160. 1991. Holotypus: NEW CALEDONIA. Prov. Sud: colline surplombant la Tontouta, 25.VIII.1984, Jaffré 2531 (NOU [NOU006556]!; iso-: P [P00639156, P00639158]!), syn. nov. Distribution and ecology. – Lepidocupania tontoutensis is endemic to Grande Terre, where it is restricted to the Tontouta River valley. It is found in maquis vegetation on serpentine substrate, mostly alluvium, between 20 and 100 m (ADEMA, 1991). Notes. – Cupaniopsis tontoutensis was described based on Virot 1448. Original material at P is, however, mounted on two sheets, only one of which [P00639164] bears the name of Guillaumin’s new species in his own hand, along with the word “type”. We regard this specimen as the holotype. Cupaniopsis rotundifolia Adema was only known from the type specimen from the Tontouta River valley, with ecological and edaphic preferences similar to those of C. tontoutensis (≡ Lepidocupania tontoutensis), as mentioned by ADEMA (1991: 161), who wrote: “Probably closely related to C. fruticosa and C. tontoutensis ”. Cupaniopsis tontoutensis was said to differ from C. rotundifolia by its fewer, wider leaflets with the secondary venation oriented at a wider angle to the midrib, and by the stiff trichomes on the endocarp of its fruits. However, several recent collections made in the lower Tontouta River valley as part of a study of rare species from this area (D’ANGELO, 2017) show a perfect continuum in leaflet shape (as exemplified by Lannuzel & D'Angelo 49 [MPU312290], Lannuzel & D'Angelo 34 [MPU091683], and Lannuzel & D'Angelo 39 [MPU312292]) and fruits (cf. Lannuzel & D'Angelo 32 [MPU312293]), with leaves clearly corresponding to L. tontoutensis and the presence of stiff trichomes on the endocarp. We have therefore placed C. rotundifolia in synonymy under L. tontoutensis., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, Jérôme, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","D'ANGELO, S. (2017). Ecologie et conservation de trois especes rares et menacees de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Memoire de Master. Universite de Lorraine-UMR ECOFOG, Kourou & IAC, Paita."]}

Hibiscus involucratus (Hochr.) M. Hanes, G.E. Schatz & Callm., comb. nov.  Macrostelia involucrata Hochr. in Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 230. 1952. Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Atsimo-Atsinanana [Prov. Fianarantsoa]: Vondrozo, [22°49'S 47 °19'E], 11.IX.1926, fl., Decary 5257 (P [P00037126]!; iso-: G [G00014442]!, P [P00365083, P00037127]!, TEF). Distribution and ecology. – Hibiscus involucratus is known from the low elevation tropical evergreen forests around Vondrozo at c. 450 m elevation (Fig. 2). Conservation status. – Hibiscus involucratus is known only from a single location near Vondrozo, collected in 1926. It is possible that the collection has been made in what is now known as the Ambositra-Vondrozo protected area. With a single collection in the low elevation moist evergreen forests, which are highly threatened in Madagascar, this species is assigned a conservation status of “Critically Endangered” [CR B2ab(iii)] using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Notes. – Hibiscus involucratus can be distinguished from all other pendent Hibiscus in Madagascar by its tubular epicalyx with 6 irregular teeth that completely hides the calyx. We consider the sheet [P00037126] as the holotype, as it is the only specimen with Hochreutiner’s handwriting in P.

A key to the newly circumscribed Arytera, Cupaniopsis and allied genera The following key is adapted from REYNOLDS (1985b). 1. Calyx lobes free (sometimes sepals basally united), orbicular, elliptic or obovate, concave.................................... 2 1a. Calyx shortly cupular, the lobes toothed or partite, usually ovate............................................................................ 4 2. Scales absent from petals............................ Lepiderema 2a. Scales present on petals............................................... 3 3. Scales present on vegetative and fertile organs.............................................................................. Lepidocupania 3a. Scales absent from vegetative and fertile organs................................................................................ Cupaniopsis 4. Petal scales crested............................................. Synima 4a. Petal scales not crested................................................ 5 5. Petal scales adnate to the petal margin or free from the petals; central axis of fruit not thickened.......... Arytera 5a. Petal scales comprising minute enations; central axis of fruit distinctly thickened............................. Neoarytera, Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 273, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["REYNOLDS, S. T. (1985 b). Sapindaceae. In: GEORGE, A. S. (ed.), Fl. Australia 25: 4 - 215."]}

Lepidocupania Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry, gen. nov. (Fig. 3A���C). Type: Lepidocupania lepidota (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry (��� Arytera lepidota Radlk.). = Cupaniopsis sect. Mizopetalum Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 588. 1879. Type: Cupaniopsis fruticosa Radlk. (��� Lepidocupania fruticosa (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry) (lectotype designated by ADEMA, 1991: 60). = Arytera sect. Azarytera Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.- Phys. Cl. K��nigl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. M��nchen 9: 554. 1879. Type: Arytera arcuata Radlk. (��� Lepidocupania arcuata (Radlk.) Buerki, Callm., Munzinger & Lowry) (lectotype designated by TURNER, 1995: 151). Trees or shrubs. Indument of short, straight, patent or appressed trichomes; glandular scales present on vegetative parts, inflorescence axes, pedicels, abaxial surface of calyx, pistil, and fruits; buds ���varnished���. Leaves alternate, 1��� 12-jugate; leaflets opposite to alternate, subsessile to petiolulate, margin entire to coarsely dentate. Inflorescences axillary or pseudo-terminal. Flowers zygomorphic or actinomorphic (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota), functionally unisexual; sepals (4 ���)5(��� 6), free and imbricate or united (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota) to form a dentate calyx cup; petals 5 (4 in L. glomeriflora), with 2 distinct scales; disc lobed or not (in L. arcuata, L. brackenridgei, L. gracilipes, and L. lepidota), rim glabrous to pilose; stamens (6���)8���9, anthers basifixed; ovary 2���3-locular. Fruit a capsule, with 2���3 well developed lobes, rarely 1 (in L. concolor, L. guillauminii, and L. samoensis), dehiscence loculicidal, glabrous to puberulous and rugose to verrucose outside, glabrous to pilose inside; seed ellipsoid or ovoid to globose, sarcotesta covering half to all of the seed, flesh-membranaceous. Distribution. ��� Lepidocupania comprises 21 species occurring in the Caroline Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu (Fig. 4). Notes. ��� Lepidocupania shares the presence of lepidote scales on its vegetative and reproductive organs with Lepiderema. However, Lepidocupania can easily be distinguished from Lepiderema by the presence (vs. absence) of petal and ovary scales, and it differs from Cupaniopsis by the presence (vs. absence) of glandular scales on its vegetative and fertile organs., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on pages 273-274, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["ADEMA, F. (1991). Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae): a monograph. Leiden Bot. Ser. 15.","TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Neoarytera neoebudensis (Guillaumin) Callm., Buerki, Munzinger & Lowry, comb. nov. (Fig. 3E). ��� Cupaniopsis neoebudensis Guillaumin in J. Arnold Arbor. 12: 241. 1931. ��� Arytera neoebudensis (Guillaumin) H. Turner in Blumea 9: 200. 1995. Holotypus: VANUATU. Prov. Taf��a: Erromango Isl., Dillon Bay, 8.VI.1928, Kajewski 381 (A; iso-: BISH, BRI [BRIAQ0031093]!, K [K000701498]!, NY, P [P00639281]!). Distribution and ecology. ��� Neoarytera neoebudensis, as currently circumscribed, occurs in New Caledonia (Grande Terre and the Loyalty islands), Walpole Island, and Vanuatu. It grows on rocky slopes near lagoons and in lowland evergreen forests on volcanic soils (TURNER, 1995)., Published as part of Buerki, Sven, Munzinger, J��r��me, Lowry Ii, Porter P. & Callmander, Martin W., 2020, Two new genera of Sapindaceae (Cupanieae) from the southern Pacific: Lepidocupania and Neoarytera, pp. 269-284 in Candollea 75 (2) on page 281, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v752a9, http://zenodo.org/record/5724901, {"references":["TURNER, H. (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea, Suppl. 9."]}

Polyscias bernardiana Lowry & Callm., sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Alaotra-Mangoro [Prov. Toamasina]: Ambatovy, NE of Moramanga, just below Ambatovy mine pumping station, 18��50'19"S 48��19'20"E, 1080 m, 20.IV.2009, y.fr., Lowry 7065 (MO [6 sheets: acc. no. MO-6564638, MO-6564639, MO-6564640, MO-6564641, MO-6564642, MO-6564643]!; iso-: G [5 sheets: G00341883]!, K [5 sheets]!, P [5 sheets: P00967621, P00967622, P00967623, P00967624, P00967625]!, TAN!). Haec species quoad habitum monocaulem caule in foliorum fasciculum grandem ac inflorescentiam terminalem desinente atque flores fructusque carpellis stylisque 8 ad 10 (ad 12) praeditos Polysciadem duplicatam (Thouars ex Baill.) Lowry & G.M. Plunkett arctius simulans, sed ab ea pedicellis proxime infra ovarium manifeste articulatis (vs. inarticulatis) atque foliis foliolis auxiliaribus ad axillas foliolorum principalium carentibus (vs. eis saepe praesentibus) distinguitur. Tree, unarmed, 7���18 m tall, 10���30 cm dbh, monocaulous or rarely sparsely branched at top, hermaphroditic, evergreen. Leaves imparipinnately compound, 55���95 cm long. Leaflets 15 to 21, lateral ones opposite, blades dark green above, venation lighter, slightly paler beneath, venation darker in vivo, usually shiny above in sicco, thick chartaceous, elliptic to broadly elliptic, ovate or obovate, (6���)6.5���11 �� (9���) 13���21 cm (proximal ones usually smaller), glabrous, secondary veins 7 to 13 per side, often with inter-secondaries, distinctly raised above, slightly less so beneath, tertiary venation usually visible, often impressed above, raised beneath, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, lateral blades usually asymmetric, margins entire, minutely revolute, apex rounded or broadly acute; petiolules 3��� 15 mm long, 1���3.5 mm in diam.; rachis distinctly articulated at petiolule bases; petiole (4���) 5���15 cm long, 6���10 mm in diam., the clasping base with scattered circular lenticels, rarely with a slightly scarious margin to 1 mm wide. Inflorescence terminal, a panicle of umbellules, glabrous, primary axis erect, 8.5���16 cm long; secondary axes c. 10 to 25, c. 35 ���50 cm long, proximal and distal ones nearly equal in length, each with 9 to 28 tertiary axes (peduncles) borne evenly throughout their length, terminating in an umbellule, the proximal ones often apparently abortive, leaving an evident scar; peduncles (2���) 4���8 cm long in flower, to 20 cm in fruit, distal ones progressively shorter, each with an evident bract scar at the base; umbellules with (6 to) 12 to 21 protandrous flowers, each subtended by a caducous bract that falls well before anthesis (not seen), leaving a small scar; involucre caducous, bracts broadly ovate; pedicels 1���12 mm long, 1 mm in diam. in flower, to 23 mm long in fruit, thickening to circa 1.5 mm in diam., glabrous, with an evident articulation at the point of insertion of the ovary. Calyx a narrow scarious rim, entire or slightly erose, tinged brownish purple. Corolla globose in early bud, hemispherical to somewhat ovoid at anthesis, c. 4���5 mm in diam., sometimes to 6 mm tall; petals 8���10(12), broadly to narrowly ovate or nearly triangular, c. 5 mm long, 3���3.5 mm wide, white to yellow. Stamens 8���10(12); filaments white, anthers pink to light purple. Ovary 8���10(���12)-carpellate, green, slightly darker than pedicels, glabrous, urceolate in flower, styles erect prior to anthesis, then spreading. Fruit a drupe, widely ovoid to globose, urceolate, 8 ���10 mm high, 7���8 mm in diam., yellow green when immature, turning purple at maturity, contrasting with the whitish pedicel, glabrous, unribbed in vivo, distinctly ribbed in sicco, base and apex rounded, articulation forming a ring at the point of insertion of the pedicel, calyx in fruit a low rim c. 1.5 mm high, disc flat, whitish turning purple at maturity, styles 8���10(���12), arranged in an ellipse or occasionally a circle, divergent to nearly patent, c. 1 mm; pyrenes 8���10(���12), each 1-seeded. Etymology. ��� The species epithet honors Luciano Bernardi (1920���2001), a 20TH century explorer-naturalist (Fig. 3). He made c. 21,000 collections, duplicates of which are distributed in dozens of herbaria, including Geneva. Many of the expeditions led by Luciano Bernardi were conducted in extremely difficult and sometimes dangerous conditions. One can���t help but think that his drive to produce results and his willingness to subject himself to considerable risk were related to his wartime experience as an officer in the paratroops of the Italian army, of which he was so proud. He also prided himself on studying only difficult plant groups, looking for challenges and disregarding the beaten track. His broad and deep scientific knowledge and culture did not prevent him from being interested in other things: for example, he knew the general and anecdotal history of all the regions he explored. Bernardi also respected botanical tradition, to the point of almost exclusively using Latin for his notes and writings, even when it was not compulsory. Deeply rooted in European religious tradition, culture and philosophy, Luciano Bernardi���s existence is reminiscent of that of Guillaume d���Occam, the hero of Il nome della rosa [The Name of the Rose] by Umberto Eco, to which Luciano liked to refer (see SPICHIGER, 2002 for a more detailed necrology). Distribution and ecology. ��� Polyscias bernardiana is predominantly known from medium altitude moist evergreen forest in east-central Madagascar between 800 to 1200 m elevation (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), although two collections were made below 800 m in lowland moist evergreen forest, one from the Zahamena protected area (Rakotonandrasana 496) and another from the Corridor Ankeniheny Zahamena protected area (Razanatsima 212). Our new species appears to grow on ultramafic substrate at some localities within the Ambatovy mine concession but occurs primarily on soils derived from paragneiss and schist elsewhere in its range (ROIG et al., 2012). Conservation status. ��� Polyscias bernardiana is known from 18 localities along the eastern escarpment of Madagascar (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2020), eight of which are encompassed within the protected areas network (Analamazaotra, Corridor Ankeniheny Zahamena, and Zahamena), whereas most or all of the others are in areas impacted either by habitat degradation and loss due to land clearing for subsistence agriculture or by forest removal associated with mining. With an EOO of c. 4,600 km �� and an AOO of 72 km ��, P. bernardiana falls below the threshold for Endangered status under Criterion B of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012), but despite the extirpation of at least three subpopulations at Ambatovy, it nevertheless persists at 15 locations (sensu IUCN, 2012) with respect to the most serious threat, land clearing for agriculture, and is therefore assessed as Least Concern [LC]. Notes. ��� Polyscias bernardiana resembles P. duplicata (Thouars ex Baill.) Lowry & G.M. Plunkett from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands in almost always forming monocaulous trees (rarely sparsely branched) that terminate in a cluster of large leaves surrounding a large, globose inflorescence/infructescence. These two species also have flowers and fruits with 8 ���10(��� 12) carpels and styles (rarely as few as 6 or 7 in P. duplicata) and generally 8 ���10(���12) petals and stamens, a feature shared with an as-yet undescribed species of Polyscias from the Col de Maningotry in extreme southeastern Madagascar. By contrast, most other members of the genus in Madagascar have a 5-carpellate gynoecium and 5 stamens, although a few have just 2, 3 or 4 carpels, styles, and stamens. Polyscias bernardiana can easily be distinguished from P. duplicata by the evident articulation on its pedicel at the point of insertion of the ovary, a feature found in all other species in Madagascar with the exception of P. duplicata, which has unarticulated pedicels and was therefore long placed in the segregate genus Gastonia, including by BERNARDI (1971, 1980b). Our new species also has strictly pinnately compound leaves whereas P. duplicata often has a somewhat smaller auxiliary leaflet borne in the axil of most of its main leaflets, such that 4 (rather than 2) leaflets are thus inserted at most nodes along the rachis, a feature reflected in the specific epithet. While the geographic range of Polyscias bernardiana is rather restricted, it is often quite abundant in the areas where it grows and generally stands out due to its distinctive habit. It is thus surprising that only three fragmentary gatherings were made until the late 20TH century even though P. bernardiana occurs at Andasibe (Perinet), one of the most easily accessible and frequently visited collecting sites in the country. BERNARDI (1971, 1980b) associated one of these collections as well as several others with P. repanda (DC.) Baker, a species endemic to R��union Island that only vaguely resembles P. bernardiana (MARAIS, 1984, 1990), although given the poor quality of the Malagasy material available to him, this error is perhaps understandable and is in any case one of the very few details of Indian Ocean Araliaceae that Bernardi did not get right. Paratypi. ��� MADAGASCAR. Reg. Alaotra-Mangoro [Prov. Toamasina]: Moramanga, Ambatovy, 18��49'S 48��18'E, 3���5.II.2004, y.fr., Andriatsiferana 2504 (MO [2 sheets], P, TAN); ibid. loco, 18��49'45"S 48��18'59"E, 1240 m, 20.XII.2004, bud, Antilahimena 3075 (MO [3 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��49'19"S 48��20'08"E, 1094 m, 3.II.2005, y.fr., Antilahimena 3291 (MO, TAN); ibid. loco, 18��50'10"S 48��19'32"E, 1093 m, 11.II.2005, y.fr., Antilahimena 3371 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��49'38"S 48��18'48"E, 1250 m, III.2005, y.fr., Antilahimena 3727 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��50'14"S 48��18'39"E, 1154 m, 19.I.2007, fl., Antilahimena 5151 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��50'18"S 48��18'36"E, 1167 m, 12.III.2007, y.fr., Antilahimena 5479 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��50'12"S 48��19'57"E, 1177 m, 23.V.2008, fr., Antilahimena 6213 (MO); ibid. loco, 18��50'10"S 48��19'10"E, 1141 m, 2.IV.2010, ster., Antilahimena 7448 (MO, TAN); Lakato, Ambodigavo, for��t d���Andranotelo �� 2 km W du village d���Ambodigavo, 19��03'11"S 48��21'34"E, 1063 m, 22.XII.2004, y.fr., Lehavana 237 (MO, P [3 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, fl., Lehavana 238 (MO [2 sheets], P [3 sheets], TAN); along road to Lakato, c. 15 km S of RT 2, 1100 m, 17.X.2004, bud, Lowry 6539 (MO [4 sheets]); for��t d���Analamazaotra, [18��56'S 48��26'E], 800 m, s.d., bud, Perrier de la B��thie 6840 (P [4 sheets]); Andasibe (Perinet), forest NE of graphite mine, [18��53'S 48��28'E], 1000 m, 23.VII.1987, fr., Phillipson 2136 (MO [4 sheets], P [2 sheets]); Ambatovy Mining Site, c. 13 km NE of Moramanga, Ankitrokely forest, along road to Analamay conservation zone, 18��49'51"S 48��18'50"E, 1194 m, 16.XII.2009, bud, Plunkett 2408 (MO, NY, P, TAN); Phelps Dodge project site, c. 15 airkm NE of Moramanga, c. 11 km E of Antanambao, Ambatovy, 18��51'07"S 48��18'47"E, 1100 m, 30.I.1997, bud, Rakotomalaza 1050 (MO [2 sheets], P, TEF); between Ambatovy-South and Analamay-East, Torotorofotsy River, Berano, 18��50'S 48��19'E, 1100 m, 20.II.1997, fr., Rakotomalaza 1141 (MO, P, TAN); ibid. loco, 18��50'01"S 48��18'47"E, 1180 m, 14.V.1997, fr., Rakotomalaza et al. 1314 (MO [2 sheets]); Vavantenina, Savaharina, Zahamena PN, �� c��t�� de la rivi��re Ihofika, 17��41'08"S 48��59'43"E, 650 m, 14.VI.2001, fl., Rakotonandrasana 496 (MO, P, TAN); Cne Manakambahiny Est, Andranohofa, �� 15 km au NE d���Androrangabe, piste vers Ambodivoahangy, [17��41'S 48��49'E], 800���900 m, 24.VII.2003, y.fr., Rakotonandrasana 712 (MO, P, TAN); Ambatovy, zone de conservation, 18��50'40"S 48��18'33"E, 1126 m, 22.VI.2008, ster., Rakotonandrasana 1362 (MO); ibid. loco, 18��50'40"S 48��18'34"E, 1106 m, 26.IX.2008, bud, Rakotondrajaona 577 (MO, TAN); Cne Ambalabe, Fkt. Ambinanindrano II, Ambinanin���ny Ampotamena stream, 19��09'01"S 48��34'55"E, 6.X. 2009, 604 m, bud, A. Randrianasolo 1109 (MO [2 sheets], P); Moramanga, Andasibe, corridor forestier Analamay Mantadia, 18��47'15"S 48��24'43"E, 996 m, 24.IV.2012, y.fr., Rasoazanany 95 (MO, P [2 sheets], TAN); Analamazaotra-P��rinet PN, Barika-Amboasary, limite SE, 18��56'55"S 48��26'18"E, 1081 m, 13.III.2013, y.fr., Rasoazanany et al. 480 (MO [3 sheets], P [3 sheets], TAN); Ambatovy, 18��52'08"S 48��20'34"E, 1019 m, 21.I.2010, Razafimelison 3 (MO [2 sheets], TAN); ibid. loco, 18��49'20"S 48��20'07"E, 1071 m, 2005, fl., Razafindraibe & Antilahimena 65 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); Cne Ambohibary, Fkt. Menalamba, for��t Ampangadiatrandraka, 18��51'52"S 47��59'05"E, 1063 m, 7.XII.2006, y.fr., J. Razanatsoa 231 (MO [2 sheets], P [2 sheets], TAN); Analamazaotra, Andasibe RS, [18��56'S 48��26'E], 23.III.1949, fr., Service Forestier 572 (P [3 sheets]); ibid. loco, 23.III.1949, fr., Service Forestier 577 (P [3 sheets]); Perinet, [18��56'S 48��26'E], 31.III.1954, y.fr., Service Forestier 10342 (P [3 sheets]); Berano village to the crossroad to Ambatovy, 18��50'16"S 48��19'19"E, 965 m, 11.IV.2007, fr., Wen 9690 (MO [4 sheets], US). Reg. Atsinanana [Prov. Toamasina]: Brickaville, Ambodilendemy, vers le sommet d���Ankerana, 18��25'37"S 48��47'02"E, 842 m, 20.III.2011, fr., Ravelonarivo 3732 (MO [3 sheets], P [3 sheets], TAN); Vatomandry, Vodiriana village au NW du Toby Lemazava, 19��09'48"S 48��32'14"E, 758 m, 11.II.2007, fl., Razanatsima 212 (MO, P [2 sheets], TAN)., Published as part of Lowry Ii, Porter P., Callmander, Martin W. & Spichiger, Rodolphe, 2020, Polysciadis (Araliaceae) species nova e Madagascaria in honorem Luciani Bernardii felsinei nominata, pp. 107-114 in Candollea 75 (1) on pages 109-113, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v751a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684572, {"references":["SPICHIGER, R. (2002). Dr Luciano Bernardi, felsineus (\" celui de Bologne \") (6.3.1920 - 1.12.2001). Candollea 56: 363 - 376.","MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2020). Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis & Antananarivo [http: // www. tropicos. org / Project / Madagascar].","ROIG, J. Y., R. D. TUCKER, S. G. PETERS, C. DELOR & H. THEVENIAUT (2012). Carte Geologique de la Republique de Madagascar a 1 / 1,000,000. Ministere des Mines, Direction de la Geologie, Programme de Gouvernance des Ressources Minerales, Antananarivo.","IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge.","BERNARDI, L. (1971). Araliacearum Madagascariae et Comores propositum. 2. Revisio et taxa nova Polysciadim. Candollea 26: 13 - 89.","BERNARDI, L. (1980 b). Synopsis Araliacearum Madagascariae et Comorarum Insularum (auxilio methodi \" Ferulago \"). Candollea 35: 117 - 132.","MARAIS, W. (1984). Notes on Mascarene Araliaceae. Kew Bull. 39: 809 - 816.","MARAIS, W. (1990). Araliaceae. Fl. Mascareignes 106: 1 - 20."]}

Pandanus kalobinonensis Callm., Razakamal. & Luino, sp. nov. (Fig. 2, 3). Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Fkt. Anketrabe-Belinta, massif du Kalobinono, 13��38'42"S 48��40'29"E, 740 m, 16.X.2015, fr., Luino & Razakamalala 106 (G [G00341880]!; iso-: TAN!). Haec species ab omnibus congeneris syncarpio parvo globoso solitario brevipedunculato atque drupis monocarpellatis in stigma spiniforme adaxialiter sulcatum desinentibus differt. Treelet to 3���4 m tall; stem prickly, up to 5 cm dbh. Leaves 125���160 cm long, 2���3 cm wide in the middle, 3 cm wide near the sheath, gradually attenuate in the upper third, and tapering to a flagellate apex in the distal 5 cm, coriaceous; longitudinal and transverse veins visible on both surfaces; prickles white in vivo; marginal prickles beginning at (4���) 5���6 cm above the base and extending to the apex, antrorse, 2���4 mm and placed 2���8 mm apart in the lower third, to 2 mm and 5���10 mm apart in the middle third; to Infrutescence terminal, a solitary syncarp subtended by naviculate bracts, borne on a straight short peduncle; syncarp 50 �� 60���70 mm, globose to ovo��d; peduncle straight, short, 65 mm long, c. 9 mm in diam at apex, trigonous, 3��� 4 remaining bracts, c. 5��� 7.5 cm long, positioned near the base of the syncarp, boat-shaped at base and becoming flagellate in the distal part. Drupes c. 65���140 per syncarp, (15���)20(���25) mm high, 5���7 mm wide, (3���) 4���6 mm thick, 4���6 angled; carpel 1, free in the upper fourth, tapering to the base; pileus pyramidal, somewhat rounded at apex. Stigma 1, erect or curved, spiniform, on the centre of the apical face of the pileus, brown in vivo, 3���5 mm in length, stigmatic groove abaxial, covering c. 2/3 of the length of the stigma. Endocarp 10���13 mm long in the centre, Staminate plant unknown. Etymology. ��� The species epithet refers to the Kalobinono massif and its eroded landscape of Isalo Sandstone dominated by a pair of distinctly shaped domes (fig. 1). The literal translation from the Sakalava dialect means ���princess with large breasts���. Similarly, the name Galoko refers to a local king. The two summits are sacred for the local Sakalava. According to the legend, the queen embodied in the Kalobinono massif gave birth to the nearby Manongarivo massif, fathered by the king at Galoko (SOLO et al., 2008). Distribution and ecology. ��� Pandanus kalobinonensis is currently only known from the lowland moist evergreen forest in the Kalobinono massif (northwestern Madagascar) between 420 to 740 m elevation. Conservation status. ��� Pandanus kalobinonensis is known from 2 locations from the Galoko-Kalobinono Protected Area collected at a distance of c. 1 km in lowland moist evergreen forests. The holotype collection is located well within the intact forest at 740 m, but the paratype is located at 425 m and was made only a hundred meters from recently cleared forest. This latter location could be projected to disappear in a relatively near future. Lowland moist evergreen forests were highly threatened in the massifs where Tsimihety immigrants have established settlements for several decades and are practicing slash and burn agriculture (SOLO et al., 2008) (Fig. 1). The loss of moist evergreen forest area between 2006 to 2016 has reached 1408 ha, which represents 15% of the total cover of the PA (RABENANDRASANA et al., 2018). Since mid 2018, slash and burn agriculture is restricted within the strict conservation zone, but the risk of uncontrolled pasture fire is still a threat (P. Ranirison, pers. comm.). With an area of occupancy (AOO) of 4 km ��, and despite that both collections ocur within limits of the protected area, P. kalobinonensis is therefore assigned a preliminary conservation status of ���Endangered��� [EN B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(ii,iii,iv,v)] using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN, 2012). Notes. ��� Pandanus kalobinonensis is morphologically distinct among Malagasy species of Pandanus. Its small globose solitary syncarp bearing monocarpellate drupes topped by a spiniform stigma (Fig. 2, 3) resembles several Southeast Asian Pandanus species. Several species in Madagascar were hypothesized to have morphological Indo-Malaysian affinities (STONE 1974; CALLMANDER & LAIVAO, 2003). Pandanus platyphyllus Martelli was for example placed by STONE (1974) in the Malaysian Pandanus subgenus Rykia (Vrise) B.C. Stone before staminate plants were studied by HUYNH (1977) and confirmed to belong to the Afro-Malagasy subgenus Vinsonia (Warb.) B.C. Stone. Phylogenetic analyses further demonstrated that those latter morphological affinities were most likely the result of convergent evolution since all Malagasy species of Pandanus subgenus Vinsonia formed a monophyletic clade (BUERKI et al., 2012). In this context, Pandanus kalobinonensis is therefore classified in Pandanus subgenus Vinsonia. The sectional placement of this species remains to be established, like other recently discovered morphologically isolated species in Madagascar (see CALLMANDER et al., 2008, 2009b, 2013). Paratypus. ��� MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Antsiranana]: Beramanja, Anketrabe Belinta, massif du Kalobinono, 13��38'16"S 48��40'21"E, 425 m, 29.IX.2013, fr., Razakamalala et al. 7586 (TAN)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Razakamalala, Richard, Luino, Iacopo, Andriamarisoa, Roger Lala & Buerki, Sven, 2020, Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar V: A new threatened Pandanus (Pandanaceae) from the Kalobinono massif, pp. 99-105 in Candollea 75 (1) on pages 100-103, DOI: 10.15553/c2020v751a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5724834, {"references":["IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Ed. 2. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland & Cambridge.","HUYNH, K. - L. (1977). L'appareil male de quelques Pandanus du sousgenre Vinsonia (Pandanaceae) et sa signification taxonomique, phylogenique et evolutive. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen. 53: 447 - 471.","BUERKI, S., M. W. CALLMANDER, D. S. DEVEY, L. CHAPPELL, T. GALLAHER, J. MUNZINGER, T. HAEVERMANS & F. FOREST (2012). Straightening out the screw-pines: a first step in understanding phylogenetic relationships within Pandanaceae. Taxon 61: 1010 - 1020.","CALLMANDER, M. W., S. BUERKI & S. WOHLHAUSER (2008). A new threatened species of Pandanaceae from northwestern Madagascar, Pandanus sermolliana. Novon 18: 421 - 424. DOI: https: // doi. org / 10.3417 / 2007101","CALLMANDER, M. W., L. GAUTIER & S. M. TRIGUI (2009 b). Pandanus nusbaumeri Callm. and L. Gaut. (Pandanaceae), a new endemic species from the Montagne d'Ambre (northern Madagascar). Candollea 64: 213 - 218.","CALLMANDER, M. W., R. BOLLIGER, R. M. HANITRARIVO & L. NUSBAUMER (2013). Pandanus tsingycola Callm. and Nusb. (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to western Madagascar. Candollea 68: 229 - 235. DOI: https: // doi. org / 10.15553 / c 2012 v 682 a 6"]}

Lycopodium gnidioides L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 448. 1782. ��� Phlegmariurus gnidioides (L. f.) A.R. Field & Bostock in PhytoKeys 20: 40. 2013. (Lycopodiaceae) Lectotypus (designated here): MAURITIUS: ���n�� 13. Lycopodium de l���Isle de France ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1649.38 image seen; possible isolecto-: MPU [MPU1066139, MPU1066140]!). Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material seen by Linnaeus f. is preserved in LINN-HS. Thouin���s handwritten label with the number ���13��� is complemented by Linnaeus f.���s annotation ���gnidioides���. This collection is here designated as lectotype and its identity corresponds with the current usage of the name. Two collections originating from Thouin���s herbarium and collected by Commerson in Mauritius are extant in MPU [MPU1066139, MPU1066140]. None bears Thouin���s numbering but ��� Isle de France Con��� is present in Thouin���s hand. Both are very likely duplicates of original material and considered here as possible isolectotypes. ROUX (2009) mentioned a specimen collected by Commerson from Mauritius at P [P00677322] as a possible isotype (���?iso.���) which is not considered as original material here (see above). Lycopodium gnidioides has been classically accepted in the genus Huperzia Bernh. (BARD��, 2002b; ROUX, 2009; RAKOTONDRAINIBE, 2015). A recent molecular phylogeny focusing on Madagascar showed that Malagasy Huperzia species should now be accepted in the Southern Hemisphere genus Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub. (BAURET et al., 2018). Phlegmariurus gnidioides is known in continental Africa from South Africa to Malawi, S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe, the Comoro islands, R��union, Mauritius and Madagascar (BADR��, 2002b)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["ROUX, J. P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23.","BADRE, F. (2002 b). Lycopodiacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 3: 19 - 33.","RAKOTONDRAINIBE, F. & A. JOUY (2015). Nouveautes dans le genre Huperzia Bernh. (Lycophytes, Lycopodiaceae) a Madagascar. Candollea 70: 49 - 56.","BAURET, L., A. R. FIELD, M. GAUDEUL, M. - A. SELOSSE & G. ROUHAN (2018). First insights on the biogeographical history of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae), with a focus on Madagascar. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 127: 488 - 501."]}

Acrostichum punctatum L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 444. 1782 [nom. illeg.] [non L., 1763]. ��� Bolbitis auriculata (Lam.) Alston in J. Bot. 72, Suppl.: 3. 1934. ��� Acrostichum auriculatum Lam., Encycl. 1: 36. 1783 [nom. nov.]. (Dryopteridaceae) Lectotypus (designated here): R��UNION: ���n�� 28. Acrostichum de l�����le de Bourbon ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1622.27 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1054971, MPU1054973]!, P [P01427005]!) (Fig. 2, 4). Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material is extant in LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1622.27]. This specimen bears a label in Thouin���s hand to which Linnaeus f. has added the words ���punctatum ny��� (Fig. 2, 4). This specimen bears the number ���28���. Two collections representing duplicates of the original material have been located in MPU [MPU1054971, MPU1054973] and are considered as isolectotypes. A third duplicate of this original material has been located in P [P01427005]. This specimen is the only known duplicate originating from the herbarium of Dr. Baron J.-A. Barbier (1767��� 1846), bequeathed to the MNHN and incorporated within the collection in 1847. The identity of the lectotype material corresponds with the current usage of the name. The specimens cited as type by MICKEL (2002), LORENCE & ROUHAN (2008) and ROUX (2009) at C [C10001539], S [S-P-2197] and P [P01426989, P01427003] are Commerson collections without any Thouin annotation and are not considered here as original material. Another Commerson collection is extent in G [G00341870]. Unusually for Commerson collections, G00341870, P01426989 and P01427003 bear a precise collection locality and date: ���des bords de la rivi��re des Calebasses en f��vrier 1773 ���. Bolbitis auriculata is distributed in Tropical Africa, the Comoro islands, Mauritius, R��union and Madagascar (LORENCE & ROUHAN, 2008)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on pages 226-229, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["MICKEL, J. T. (2002). Lomariopsidaceae. In: BEENTJE, H. J. & S. A. L SMITH (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa.","LORENCE, D. & G. ROUHAN (2008). Lomariopsidacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 22: 315 - 356.","ROUX, J. P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23."]}

Lycopodium verticillatum L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 448. 1782. ��� Phlegmariurus verticillatus (L. f.) A.R. Field & Testo in Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 94: 645 (2015). (Lycopodiaceae) Lectotypus (designated here): R��UNION: ���n�� 12. Lycos des Bois de l���Isle de Bourbon ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1649.12.1 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1054548]!, SBT n�� 1.2.2.94 image seen). Notes. ��� TARDIEU-BLOT (1971) mentioned the type as ��� Maurice. Sonnerat in Herb. Thouin���. This cannot be accepted as an effective lectotypification as both the locality and collector are wrongly cited. BADR�� (2002b), VERDCOURT (2005), ROUX (2009) and ROUX & COOPER-DRIVER (2016) cited this specimen at SBT as holotype but failed to indicate the term ��� lectotype ���. Thus, none can be accepted as an effective lectotypification (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.23). The original material carrying the epithet in Linnaeus f.���s hand ���verticillatum��� is in LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1649.12.1] and designated here as lectotype. Its identity agrees with the current usage of the name. Two duplicates of this original material are extant in MPU [MPU1054548] and SBT [SBT n�� 1.2.2.94]. Phlegmariurus verticillatus is known in continental Africa from South Africa to Zambia and in Cameroun and S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe, the Comoro islands, R��union, and Madagascar (BADR��, 2002b)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on pages 232-233, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["TARDIEU-BLOT, M. - L. (1971). Huperziacees. In: LEROY, J. F. (ed.), Fl. Madagascar Comores 13 bis.","BADRE, F. (2002 b). Lycopodiacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 3: 19 - 33.","VERDCOURT, B. (2005). Lycopodiaceae. In: BEENTJE, H. J. & S. A. GHAZANFAR (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa.","ROUX, J. P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23.","ROUX, J. P. & G. COOPER-DRIVER (2016). The lycopods and ferns of the Drakensberg and Lesotho. Briza Academic books, Pretoria.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (ed.) (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}

Polypodium pica L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 446. 1782. ��� Tectaria pica (L. f.) C. Chr. in Dansk Bot. Ark. 7: 65. 1932. (Tectariaceae) Lectotypus (designated here): MADAGASCAR: ���43. Polypodium de l���Isle de Madagascar ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1622.112 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1061079]!, P-LA [P00564805] image seen; possible isolecto-: MPU [MPU1061080]!). Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material seen by Linnaeus f. is preserved in LINN-HS. Thouin���s handwritten label with the number ���43��� is completed by Linnaeus f.���s annotation ���pica ny���. This collection is here designated as lectotype. Duplicates of this original material are extant in P-LA [P00564805] and MPU [MPU1061079]. A second collection in MPU is missing the number ���43��� but seems likely to be a duplicate of the original material and is considered here as a possible isolectotype. Tectaria pica is endemic to Mauritius, R��union, and Madagascar (BADR�� et al., 2002)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 233, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["BADRE, F., R. E. HOLTTUM & J. P. ROUX (2002). Aspidiacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 20: 261 - 302."]}

Acrostichum spicatum L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 444. 1782. ��� Lepisorus spicatus (L. f.) Li Wang in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 162: 35. 2010. (Polypodiaceae) Lectotypus (designated by MAZUMDAR, 2016: 218): MAURITIUS: ���33. Acrostichum de l���Isle de France ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1642.1 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1238477, MPU1238486]!). Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material is extant in LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1642.1]. This specimen bears a label in Thouin���s hand to which Linnaeus f. added the epithet ���spicatum���. This specimen bears the number ���33��� and was designated by MAZUMDAR (2016: 218) as lectotype. Two collections representing duplicates of original material have been located in MPU [MPU1238477, MPU1238486] and are considered as isolectotypes. Those two specimens bear the number ���32��� which is an error for ���33��� (see Fig. 1). Other Commerson collections are extent in G [G00348187], P [P00482674], and P-JU [P00674763]. The identity of the lectotype material corresponds with the current usage of the name. Lepisorus spicatus is known from continental Africa (Ivory Coast, Cameroun, and Gabon), S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe, the Comoro islands, Mauritius, R��union, the Seychelles islands and Madagascar (BADR��, 2002a)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 229, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["MAZUMDAR, J. (2016). Lectotypification of Acrostichum spicatum (Lepisorus spicatus, Polypodiaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 34: 217 - 218.","BADRE, F. (2002 a). Polypodiacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 16: 185 - 200."]}

Adiantum furcatum L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 447. 1782. Lectotypus (designated here): R��UNION: ���40. de l���Isle de Bourbon ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1629.15 image seen; isolecto-: G [G00341871]!, MPU [MPU018221]!) (Fig. 6). = Asplenium rutifolium (Berg.) Kunze in Linnaea 10: 521 (1836). ��� Caenopteris rutifolium Berg. in Acta Petropol. 1782: 249. 1786. (Aspleniaceae) Notes. ��� The protologue of Adiantum furcatum included references to PLUKENET (1700: 83, tab. 350, fig. 4) and to two specimens as ���Thunberg. Thouin��� with the mention ���Habitat in Cape. Bonae Spei & Insula Helenae���. Two specimens of original material are extant in LINN-HS: a specimen collected by Carl Peter Thunberg (1743���1828) in the Cape region [LINN-HS n�� 1629.16] with duplicates in SBT [SBT10616] and UPS [UPS-THUNB n�� 24774], and a specimen from R��union originating from Thouin���s shipment in 1780 (see above) [LINN-HS n�� 1629.15]. SWARTZ (1801, 1806) excluded the reference to ���Filicula corniculata Insulae Sanctae Helenae��� of PLUKENET (1700) which refers to a species of Elaphoglossum Schott ex J. Sm., E. bifurcatum (Jacq.) Sw., a fern endemic to St. Helena. CHRIST���s (1899) transfer of Adiantum furcatum to Elaphoglossum (as E. furcatum (L. f.) Christ) is a nom. illeg. currently treated as a synonym of E. bifurcatum (Jacq.) Sw. (ROUX, 2009; VASCO et al., 2009). The two specimens of original material extant in LINN-HS where Linnaeus f. added ���Adianthum furcatum��� are identifiable as a species of the genus Asplenium L. The combination of Adiantum furcatum in the genus Asplenium would be illegitimate, as it is preoccupied by Asplenium furcatum Thunb. (= A. aethiopicum (Burm. f.) Bech.). Linnaeus f.���s name should be treated as a synonym of Asplenium rutifolium (TARDIEU-BLOT, 1958), the first available name in the genus. Its basionym, Caenopteris rutifolium, was described by Peter Jonas Bergius (1730���1790) based on a Thunberg collection in SBT [SBT10616], a duplicate of original material (isosyntype) of Adiantum furcatum. The Commerson s.n. collection [LINN-HS n�� 1629.15] (bearing the number ���40��� corresponding to the younger Linnaeus manuscript list sent to Thouin) is here designated as lectotype. It is chosen over the Thunberg collection as Linnaeus f. added to the label ���Adianthum furcatum ny���. Duplicates of original material are extant in G [G00341871] and MPU [MPU018221]. Asplenium rutifolium is distributed in Mauritius, R��union, Madagascar, the Comoro islands and the Cape region to Malawi and Yemen in Continental Africa (TARDIEU-BLOT, 2002)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on pages 229-232, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["PLUKENET, L. (1700). Almagesti botanici mantissa. London.","SWARTZ, O. (1801). Genera et species filicum. J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 3 - 120.","SWARTZ, O. (1806). Synopsis Filicum. Kiel.","CHRIST, H. (1899). Monographie des Genus Elaphoglossum. Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 36.","ROUX, J. P. (2009). Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23.","VASCO, A., R. A. MORAN & G. ROUHAN (2009). Monograph of the Elaphoglossum ciliatum group (Dryopteridaceae). Brittonia 61: 241 - 272.","TARDIEU-BLOT, M. - L. (1958). Aspleniacees. In: HUMBERT, H. (ed.), Fl. Madagascar Comores 5 (7).","TARDIEU-BLOT, M. - L. (2002). Aspleniacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 24: 365 - 402."]}

Acrostichum australe L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 444. 1782. ��� Actiniopteris australis (L. f.) Link, Fil. Sp.: 80. 1841. (Pteridaceae) Lectotypus (designated by PICHI-SERMOLLI, 1962: 27): MASCARENES: ���31. Acrostichum des Isles de France & de Bourbon ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1622.51 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1071909]!, SBT n�� 1.2.1.28 image seen) (Fig. 3). Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material is extant in LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1622.51]. This specimen bears a label in Thouin���s handwriting including the number ���31��� to which Linnaeus f. added in his hand ���australe ny��� (���ny��� indicating ���new���). The LINN-HS specimen was cited as holotype by PICHI-SERMOLLI (1962) and this use is here treated as an error to be corrected to lectotype (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.10). Duplicates of this original material have been located in MPU [MPU1071909] and SBT [SBT n�� 1.2.1.28]. The identity of the lectotype material corresponds with the current usage of the name. The type locality is either Mauritius from the ���montagne des 3 mamelles et celle du rampart��� or ���St. Paul��� in R��union as written by Thouin on the MPU specimen (Fig. 3). Actiniopteris australis is endemic to Mauritius and R��union in the Mascarenes archipelago (BADR�� & LORENCE, 2008)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 226, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["PICHI-SERMOLLI, R. E. G. (1962). On the fern genus \" Actiniopteris \" Link. Webbia 17: 1 - 30.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (ed.) (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159.","BADRE, F & D. LORENCE (2008). Adiantacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 11: 97 - 138."]}

Adiantum repens L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 446. 1782. ��� Davallia repens (L. f.) Kuhn, Fil. Deck.: 27. 1867 [nom. cons.]. (Davalliaceae) Lectotypus (designated here): MAURITIUS: ���37. Adianthum de l���Isle de France ��� (LINN-HS n�� 1635.21 image seen; isolecto-: G [G00341867]!, MPU [MPU1063796]!). Notes. ��� While proposing the conservation of Davallia repens (L. f.) Kuhn against Davallia repens (Bory) Desv., LINDSAY & MIDDLETON (2003) correctly identified original material of Adiantum repens L. f. in LINN-H, but did not formally designate the specimen as lectotype. We formally designate here the LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1635.21] material as lectotype. Duplicates of original material have been located in G [G00341867] and MPU [MPU1063796]. The identity of the lectotype material corresponds with the current usage of the name. Davallia repens is a widespread species growing from tropical West Africa to Queensland in Australia (NOTEBOOM, 1994)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 232, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["LINDSAY, S. & D. J. MIDDLETON (2003). (1598) Proposal to conserve the name Davallia repens (L. f.) Kuhn (Davalliaceae) against D. repens (Bory) Desv. (Lindsaeaceae). Taxon 52: 630 - 631.","NOOTEBOOM, H. P. (1994). Notes on Davalliaceae II. A revision of the genus Davallia. Blumea 39: 151 - 214."]}

Acrostichum viviparum L. f., Suppl. Pl.: 444. 1782. ��� Asplenium viviparum (L. f.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid.: 109, tab. 3, fig. 20. 1836 [nom. illeg.] [non Blume, 1828]. Lectotypus (designated here): MASCARENES: ���n�� 26. Acrostix prolifera seu vivipara des isle[s] de France et de Bourbon ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (LINN-HS n�� 1629.13 image seen; isolecto-: MPU [MPU1036711]!, G [G00341868, G00341869]!). = Asplenium daucifolium Lam., Encycl. 2: 310. 1786. Lectotypus (designated here): MAURITIUS: ��� Isle de France ���, s.d., Commerson s.n. (MPU [MPU1034656]!) (Fig. 5). (Aspleniaceae) Notes. ��� A single specimen of original material is extant in LINN-HS [LINN-HS n�� 1629.23]. This specimen bears a label in Thouin���s hand to which Linnaeus f. added the epithet ���vivipara���. This specimen bears the number ���26��� and is here designated as lectotype. Three duplicates of original material have been located in MPU [MPU1036711] and in G [G00341868, G00341869]. The G duplicates originate from the herbarium of Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778���1841). The combination of Acrostichum viviparum in the genus Asplenium L. proposed by PRESL (1836) is illegitimate as it is a later homonym of Asplenium viviparum published by BLUME (1828). The correct name is A. daucifolium Lam. published in 1786. LAMARCK (1786: 310) cited in the protologue: ��� M. Commerson a trouv�� cette plante �� l���Isle de France. (v.s. in h. D. Thouin)���. The original material has been located in Thouin���s herbarium in MPU. It bears in Lamarck���s hand: ��� daucifolium lam. dict.��� (Fig. 5). The type was mistakenly believed to be in P by MORTON (1963). A collection in P-LA [P00564950] cited by TARDIEU-BLOT (2002) as a possible isotype is not considered as original material as it was determined as ���Darea��� by Lamarck with no direct reference to A. daucifolium except the locality ���isle de France���. Asplenium daucifolium is endemic to Mauritius, R��union, and Madagascar (TARDIEU-BLOT, 2002)., Published as part of Callmander, Martin W., Mazumdar, Jaideep & Jarvis, Charles E., 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the western Indian Ocean islands ferns and lycophytes described in Linnaeus filius's Supplementum plantarum, pp. 223-234 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 229, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a11, http://zenodo.org/record/5684562, {"references":["BLUME, C. (1828). Enumeratio Plantarum Javae. Vol. 2. Leiden.","PRESL, C. B. (1836). Tentamen Pteridographiae, seu genera Filicacearum. Prague.","LAMARCK, J. B. A. P. M. DE (1786). Encyclopedie Methodique. Botanique. Vol. 2. Paris, Liege.","MORTON, C. V. (1963). Observations on Cultivated Ferns, VII. The Mother Ferns. Amer. Fern J. 53: 81 - 84.","TARDIEU-BLOT, M. - L. (2002). Aspleniacees. In: BOSSER, J. et al. (ed.), Fl. Mascareignes, Pteridophytes 24: 365 - 402."]}

Pandanus papateaensis Butaud, F. Jacq & Callm., spec. nova (Fig. 3). Holotypus: POLYN��SIE-FRAN��AISE. Archipel des Tuamotu [Makatea]: Teniania (sur le plateau cot�� Est), 15��50'46"S 148��14'01"W, 70 m, 24.IV.2007, fr., Jacq, Lagouy & Huguet 1570 (PAP [PAP015953]!; iso-: G!, P!). Pandanus papateaensis Butaud, F. Jacq & Callm. can be distinguished from other species of French Polynesia by its completely fused drupes with usually 2 seminal chambers (vs 3 to more than 15), by its pileus totalling more than one third of the length (vs less than one third), and by the characteristic reddish-brown to dark-purple color of the pileus. Arbre dio��que robuste atteignant plus de 5,5 m de hauteur, stipe 12��� 16 cm de diam., droit ou rampant �� la base, aux ramifications alternes perpendiculaires au stipe et comptant jusqu����� 4 niveaux de ramification en comprenant le stipe initial, int��rieur de l�����corce verd��tre, �� racines-��chasses pr��sentes depuis la base jusqu����� c. 110 cm de hauteur sur le stipe, de 110���150 cm de long et de 4,5���5 cm de diam., couvertes d���une coiffe compos��e de grandes ��cailles sur 5 �� 7 cm, ��pines du stipe de 3���4 mm de diam��tre sur 4���6 mm de haut, ��pines des racines-��chasses de 2���2,5 mm de diam��tre sur 1,5 ���2 mm de haut. Feuilles coriaces, �� faces ventrales et dorsales vert franc, base de la face dorsale portant une tache brun-orange sur les pieds femelles; feuilles du stipe non ramifi��, de 230���250 cm de longueur, 7 cm de largeur au milieu, 8���8,5 cm pr��s de la gaine, progressivement r��tr��cies dans le tiers apical, ��pines jaun��tres �� brunes, antrorses, ��pines marginales pr��sentes �� partir de 20���27 cm au-dessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, dans le tiers inf��rieur jusqu����� 3 mm de longueur puis devenant plus petites en allant vers l���apex (0,3���0,5 mm), espac��es de 3���7 mm tout au long de la marge, ��pines costales pr��sentes de 32���38 cm au-dessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, gaine verd��tre de 5���6 cm de long, 13 cm de largeur apicale, 18,5���20,5 cm �� la base; feuilles des ramifications ultimes de 150���160 cm de longueur, 6��� 7 cm de largeur au milieu, 6,5��� 7,5 cm pr��s de la gaine, progressivement r��tr��cies dans le tiers apical, ��pines marginales pr��sentes �� partir de 17���23,5 cm au-dessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, ��pines costales pr��sentes de 34���40 cm audessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, gaine blanch��tre de 5���7 cm de long, 10 ��� 11 cm de largeur apicale, 13 ��� 14 cm �� la base; feuilles de la base de l���inflorescence m��le de 100���110 cm de longueur, 6 cm de largeur au milieu, 7 cm pr��s de la gaine, progressivement r��tr��cies dans le tiers apical, ��pines marginales pr��sentes �� partir de 20���22 cm au-dessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, ��pines costales pr��sentes �� 32 cm au-dessus de la base jusqu����� l���apex, gaine blanche indistincte. Inflorescences m��les odorantes, d��velopp��es sur la ramification du quatri��me ordre, sous la forme d���un rac��me d�����pis long de 59���78 cm hors bract��es; p��doncules charnus de 13���16 mm de diam��tre vers la base; bract��es foliac��es jaun��tres et naviculaires au nombre de 15, dot��es d�����pines marginales et caudales courtes et souples, bract��es proximales 70 ��� 125 �� 5,5��� 7 cm au tiers inf��rieur, bract��es distales (11���)18���34 �� (1,5���) 2���4,5 cm au tiers inf��rieur; ��pis au nombre de 15, subcylindriques �� subconiques distalement, (3,5���)6���10 �� (2���) 3���4 cm, d��croissant distalement, compos��s de fascicules d�����tamines, les deux ��pis basaux dot��s d���un p��doncule de 2,5���7 cm, les autres subsessiles; fascicules blanch��tres comprenant une colonne de 5 ��� 9 mm de longueur libre d�����tamines pour 11���15 mm de longueur totale, sur 1���1,5 mm de diam��tre et portant 32���38 ��tamines; filets libres longs de 3���4 mm; anth��res jaunes p��les longues de 2���2,5 mm sur 0,3 ��� 0,4 mm de large. Inflorescences femelles non vues. Infrutescence monosyncarpique, terminale; syncarpe globo��de, 14���17 �� 14���16 cm, compos�� de c. 39���49 drupes; trognon ellipso��dal, 5,5���6 �� 4,5���5 cm; p��doncule triqu��tre, 48 �� 1,1���1,4 cm; jusqu����� 6 cicatrices de bract��es sur le p��doncule dont bract��e apicale engainante sur 2 des 3 c��t��s du p��doncule, de 25 mm de large; drupes oblongues, anguleuses, totalement fusionn��es, d��pourvues de sillon, (4,7���)5,8���6,3 �� (3,2���)4,2���5,1 �� (2,2���) 2,9 ���3,7 cm, libres sur 1/3 �� 1/2 �� l���apex, partie conn��e jaune �� orange in vivo; pileus en forme de d��me, craquel�� �� rainures longitudinales, �� c��tes saillantes, 2���2,9 cm de hauteur, brun rouge��tre �� pourpre fonc�� in vivo; plateforme stigmatique de 1,2���1,9 �� 0,7���1,3 cm; (1���)2(��� 4) stigmates r��niformes �� l���apex du pileus, c. 3,5���5 �� 2,5���4 mm; drupe biloculaire comprenant g��n��ralement 2 loges s��minales non soud��es (rarement 1, 3 ou 4 sur des drupes de petites dimensions ou composites); endocarpe obovale, turbin��, de 1,7���1,9 cm de longueur axiale sur 1���1,2 cm de largeur, �� apex distant de 1,1���1,4 cm de la base des stigmates, �� base distante de 2,2���2,7 cm de la base de la drupe; loge s��minale obovo��de, 1,2���1,5 �� 0,8���0,9 cm, �� centre supra-m��dian, m��socarpe fibreux. Etymologie. ��� L�����pith��te sp��cifique est bas�� sur ��Papatea��, une des anciennes d��nominations de l���atoll de Makatea et signifiant en tahitien ��rocher blanc��. Nom vernaculaire. ��� Ce pandanus est connu sous le nom tahitien de ��fara vare���au�� �� Makatea, ce qui signifie pandanus au fruit violet. Il s���agit d���un nom r��cent dans la mesure o�� le mot ��vare���au�� d��rive du mot anglais ��violet��. Ph��nologie. ��� Les syncarpes matures ont ��t�� observ��s d���avril �� juillet �� Makatea. Les inflorescences m��les ont ��t�� observ��es de janvier �� f��vrier et en juin en culture �� Tahiti. Distribution et ��cologie. ��� Pandanus papateaensis n���est connu que de l���atoll de Makatea o�� trois stations ont ��t�� localis��es sur le plateau entre 70 et 90 m d���altitude, �� la base du Mont Aetia, au lieu-dit Teniania et en haut de falaise �� l���amont de la plage de Moumu (Fig. 4). Il pousse sur des substrats coralliens rocheux (��feo��) tr��s diss��qu��s et difficiles �� parcourir, recouverts de formations foresti��res basses. Il se d��veloppe au sein de la for��t ou du fourr�� �� Pandanus-Ficus ou en limite de for��t �� Homalium mouo H. St. John, en m��lange avec les arbres Pandanus tectorius, Guettarda speciosa L., Ficus prolixa G. Forst. var. prolixa , Celtis pacifica Planch., les arbustes Alyxia sp., Capparis cordifolia subsp. spinosa (Lam.) Fici et les foug��res Microsorum grossum (Langsd. & Fisch.) S.B. Andrews et Davallia solida (G. Forst.) Sw. var. solida. Il n���a pas ��t�� trouv�� dans la d��pression centrale de l���atoll, ce qui peut ��tre expliqu�� par sa possible extirpation du site en raison de l���extraction du phosphate coupl��e �� une potentielle faible capacit�� de recolonisation naturelle (dispersion des fruits et d��veloppement en milieu tr��s ouvert). Sa diss��mination est tr��s probablement assur��e par le Carpophage de la Soci��t��, Ducula aurorae Peale (1848), grand pigeon frugivore end��mique des ��les de la Soci��t�� et des Tuamotu et aujourd���hui restreint uniquement �� l���atoll de Makatea. Le crabe de cocotier Birgus latro L. (1767), les bernard-l���hermite Coenobita brevimanus Dana (1852) et C. perlatus H. Milne Edwards (1837) et les rats introduits Rattus rattus L. (1758) et R. exulans Peale (1848), tous abondants �� Makatea (POUPIN, 1996; GHESTEMME, 2013), assurent potentiellement une diss��mination des fruits de Pandanus papateaensis �� plus courte distance lorsqu���ils en consomment la pulpe, �� l���image de Cardisoma carnifex Herbst (1796) pour ceux de P. tectorius (LEE, 1985). N��anmoins, les rats pourraient ��galement en consommer les graines, ce qui limiterait la r��g��n��ration de l���esp��ce. Des pieds sont aujourd���hui en culture sur le littoral de Moumu depuis 2018 (J. Ioane, pers. comm.) mais ��galement �� Tahiti o�� un pied m��le produit �� partir de drupes est int��gr�� depuis 2010 �� la plantation conservatoire d���esp��ces menac��es du domaine de Atimaono g��r��e par la Direction de l���Environnement. Ce pied provient d���une des trois drupes germ��es sur les 16 r��colt��es �� Makatea le 1er juillet 2009 (station Teniania) et mises en germination en pot �� Tahiti 15 jours apr��s (premi��re germination au bout de 4,5 mois), les deux autres pieds ��tant morts en p��pini��re. Statut de conservation. ��� Pandanus papateaensis n���est connu que de l���atoll de Makatea dont la superficie atteint 28,6 km ��. Il n���est connu que sous la forme de trois sous-populations distantes les unes des autres de moins de 5 km et au sein desquelles pr��s de 80 pieds ont ��t�� d��nombr��s. Les nombres de pieds et de sous-populations sont probablement sous-estim��s en raison de la ressemblance de l���esp��ce �� l�����tat st��rile avec le tr��s commun P. tectorius et des difficult��s extr��mes de prospection sur le substrat karstique irr��gulier caract��ristique de l�����le. Ainsi, il serait ��galement pr��sent dans les formations naturelles de Tahiva au Sud de l�����le (G. Ah-Scha, pers. comm.). Si des plantes envahissantes (Adenanthera pavonina L., Lantana camara L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth) sont pr��sentes �� Makatea et peuvent entrer en comp��tition avec les pieds adultes ou les plantules de Pandanus papateaensis, et si les rats introduits peuvent limiter dans une certaine mesure la r��g��n��ration de l���esp��ce en consommant ses graines, la menace principale pour ce taxon consiste en un projet de reprise d���exploitation du phosphate r��siduel pour lequel des autorisations d���exploration ont d��j�� ��t�� accord��es par le Gouvernement de la Polyn��sie fran��aise (AVENIR MAKATEA, 2019). En effet, deux des trois stations connues sont situ��es dans l���enveloppe concern��e par le projet d���exploitation (Fig. 4), ce dernier impliquant l���extirpation de toute v��g��tation ainsi que du sol humique (banque de graines). L���h��t��rog��n��it�� des menaces pesant sur les diff��rentes sous-populations conduit �� d��finir deux localit��s, la premi��re de Aetia non menac��e par l���exploitation du phosphate r��siduel tandis que la seconde, regroupant les deux autres souspopulations, menac��e par cette exploitation. L���aire d���occupation de l���esp��ce est Pandanus papateaensis est donc provisoirement ��valu�� comme ��En danger�� [EN B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+D] selon les Crit��res et les Cat��gories de la Liste Rouge de l���UICN (2012). Notes. ��� Pandanus papateaensis se distingue facilement de P. tectorius par ses drupes compl��tement fusionn��es �� pileus libre sur plus de deux tiers de sa longueur, �� rainures longitudinales et d���une couleur brun rouge��tre �� pourpre fonc�� (Fig. 3). La nouvelle esp��ce est isol��e morphologiquement en Polyn��sie orientale car il s���agit du seul taxon indig��ne poss��dant g��n��ralement deux loges s��minales par drupes, P. tectorius en comprenant 3 �� 12, P. papenooensis, P. temehaniensis et P. tamaruensis en ayant g��n��ralement plus d���une dizaine (STONE, 1988), et P. arapepe H. St. John des ��les Cook n���en poss��dant qu���une seule avec un seul stigmate central (SYKES, 2016). Pour favoriser la pr��servation de P. papateaensis, nous recommandons son placement sur la liste A des esp��ces prot��g��es du code de l���environnement de Polyn��sie fran��aise, ainsi que sa multiplication au sein de plantations conservatoires ex situ sur l�����le de Makatea et sur celle de Tahiti. Par ailleurs, afin de conserver son habitat qui consiste notamment des for��ts naturelles n���ayant pas ��t�� d��grad��es par l���extraction du phosphate, nous ne pouvons qu���inciter �� classer l���ensemble de ces formations en aire prot��g��e au sens du Code de l���Environnement (aire de gestion des habitats et des esp��ces) ou �� celui du Code de l���Am��nagement (zone prot��g��e du plan g��n��ral d���am��nagement �� r��activer de la Commune de Rangiroa dont fait partie Makatea). Un tel classement serait ��galement favorable �� la conservation d���autres taxons menac��s ou quasi menac��s vivant �� Makatea comme par exemple les oiseaux indig��nes ou end��miques de l�����le (le Carpophage de la Soci��t�� [VU], le Ptilope de Makatea (Ptilinopus coralensis chalcurus Gray (1859), [NT]) et la Rousserolle de Makatea (Acrocephalus atyphus eremus Wetmore (1919), [NT])), les plantes end��miques et/ou prot��g��es (Gossypium hirsutum var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty (indig��ne et prot��g��e), Homalium mouo (end��mique de Makatea, [NT]), Myrsine ovalis var. wilderi Fosberg & Sachet (end��mique de Makatea, [VU]), Planchonella tahitensis (Nadeaud) Pierre ex Dubard (indig��ne et prot��g��e), Pritchardia mitiaroana J. Dransf. & Y. Ehrhart (end��mique de Polyn��sie orientale et prot��g��e) et Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Poir. (indig��ne et prot��g��e)) ainsi que la malacofaune terrestre malheureusement d��j�� bien appauvrie (SARTORI et al., 2014). Paratypi. ��� POLYN��SIE-FRAN��AISE. Archipel des Tuamotu [Makatea]: Te Niania Sud Moumu, en arri��re de la falaise entre Teniania et Moumu, 15��50'29.5"S 148��14'24"W, 76 m, 14.IV.2009, fr., Butaud & Jacq 2231 (PAP [015952]); Aetia, flanc NE du sommet, 15��50'34"S 148��16'30"W, 77 m, 21.IV.2009, fr., Butaud & Jacq 2262 (PAP [PAP015951]). [Archipel de la Soci��t��, Tahiti]: Atimaono, Parcelle conservatoire de la DIREN, pied cultiv�� �� partir de graines pr��lev��es �� Makatea, 27.VI.2018, fl. ♂, Butaud & Lenoble 3701 (PAP [PAP015954]); ibid loco, 4.II.2019, fl. ♂, Butaud 3753 (G, P, PAP [PAP015955, PAP015956, PAP015957]); Arue, plantule produite �� partir d���un fruit collect�� �� Teniania en juin 2009, 18.XII.2010, fr., Jacq 890 (PAP [PAP015753]); ibid loco, 13.XI.2011, fr., Jacq 1540 (PAP)., Published as part of Butaud, Jean-Fran��ois, Jacq, Fr��d��ric & Callmander, Martin W., 2019, Pandanus papateaensis (Pandanaceae): une nouvelle esp��ce menac��e de l'atoll soulev�� de Makatea (Tuamotu, Polyn��sie fran��aise), pp. 137-144 in Candollea 74 (2) on pages 138-143, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a3, http://zenodo.org/record/5684550, {"references":["POUPIN, J. (1996). Crustacea Decapoda of French Polynesia (Astacidea, Palinuridea, Anomura, Brachyura). Atoll Res. Bull. 442: 1 - 114.","GHESTEMME, T. (2013). Makatea, a site of major importance for endemic birds. Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series 16. CEPF & CI-Pacific, Apia.","LEE, M. A. B. (1985). The Dispersal of Pandanus tectorius by the Land Crab Cardisoma carnifex. Oikos 45: 169 - 173.","AVENIR MAKATEA (2019). Notre Projet. SAS Avenir Makatea, Paofai [https: // www. avenirmakatea. com / notre-projet /].","STONE, B. C. (1988). Notes on the genus Pandanus (Pandanaceae) in Tahiti. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 97: 33 - 48.","SYKES, W. R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.","SARTORI, A. F., O. GARGOMINY & B. FONTAINE (2014). Radiation and decline of endodontid land snails in Makatea, French Polynesia. Zootaxa 3772: 1 - 68."]}

Astrotrichilia leroyana Wahlert, Phillipson & Callm., sp. nov. (Figs 1; 2) Shrub or small tree, similar to A. asterotricha (Radlk.) Cheek by the sparse to dense, finely stellate indument of the young stems, petioles, abaxial surface of the leaflets and inflorescence axes, and by the similar size and shape of the flowers and fruits, but it differs from this species by its shorter petioles 2-4.5 cm long (vs 4-5.5 cm long), its smaller, elliptic to obovate leaflets 1.5-5 × 0.7-2 cm (vs leaflets ovate-lanceolate up to 2.5-8 × 1.5-3.5 cm), the rather obscure tertiary venation on the upper leaflet surface (vs tertiary venation visible), and the shorter inflorescence 2-4.2 cm long (3.5-10 cm long). TYPUS. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Reg. SAVA. Daraina, forêt de Bekaraoka, 13°06’37’’S, 49°42’29’’E, 230 m, 12.II.2004, fl., L . Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 1159 (holo-, G [G00028077]!; iso-, P [P00853255]!; K!, MO!, TEF). PARATYPES. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Reg. SAVA. Daraina, forêt de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo, 13°05’46’’S, 49°34’51’’E, 110 m, 9.III.2004, fr., L. Gautier et al. 4507 (G!, P!, K, MO!, TEF); ibid. loc., 13°05’23’’S, 49°35’02’’E, 120 m, 11.III.2004, fl., L. Gautier et al. 4563 (G!, P!, K, MO!, TEF); Antsahatitezana, 4 km E d’Ankijomantsina, 13°06’55”S, 49°29’09”E, 70 m, 31.IX.2005, fr., R. Guittou et al. 185 (CNARP, G!, MO!, P!, TAN); Daraina, forêt de Solaniampilana-Maroadabo, 13°05’31’’S, 49°34’35’’E, 150 m, 8.II.2006, buds, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 2191 (G!); ibid. loc., 13°06’17’’S, 49°34’06’’E, 575 m, 5.II.2006, buds, L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison 2245 (G!); Andrafiabe, Ambolobozobe, à 2 km W du village d’Ambolobozobe, forêt d’Ankonahona, 12°31’26”S, 49°31’29”E, 20 m, 25.I.2007, fl., S. Rakotonandrasana et al. 1091 (CNARP, G!, MO!, P!, TAN); Daraina, forêt d’Antsaharaingy, 12°54’15’’S, 49°39’26’’E, 30 m, 21.IV.2004, fr., P. Ranirison 732 (G!, P!, K, MO!, TEF); Prov. Antsiranana, Reg. DIANA. Vovo Village District, c. 6 km from Diego Suarez [Antsiranana] on Diego Suarez-Vovo village road, and c. 1.5 km S of beach on Indian Ocean, 12°19’05”S, 49°23’07”E, 85 m, 21.IV.1993, fl., D. K. Harder et al. 1670 (MO!, P!, TAN); Antsiranana II, Ankarongana, 12°36’18”S, 49°26’34”E, 258 m, 7.XI.2006, fl., R. Ranaivojaona et al. 1511 (G, K, MO!, P, TAN); Andrafiabe, Ambolobozobe, 1 km NE d’Ambolobozobe, forêt d’Ampanasagna, 12°31’01”S, 49°32’14”E, 50 m, 1.II.2005, fl., F. Ratovoson et al. 843 (CNARP, MO!, P!, TAN); Beampingo, 4 km N d’Ambolobozobe, 12°29’00”S, 49°31’25”E, 10 m, fl., 8.II.2005, F. Ratovoson et al. 927 (CNARP, MO!, P!, TAN); bassin de la Saharaina, forêt de Sahafary, 23.X.1954, fr., Service Forestier 11372 (P!). DISTRIBUTION. — Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. is known from forest fragments in the mountains of Loky-Manambato (Ampondrabe, Ambohitsitondroina, and Solaniampilana forests), and the coastal area just to the north, including Ampanasagna forest near Ambolobozobe, and Sahafary forest; it does not co-occur with any other known species in the genus (Fig. 3). In contrast, Astrotrichilia asterotricha is common and widespread in western and south-central Madagascar, but its known range barely extends north of the Boeny Region, more than 300 km to the south-west of Loky-Manambato. HABITAT. — Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. grows in seasonally dry, deciduous to semi-deciduous forests on compacted soils or in littoral forests on brown or white sands. ETYMOLOGY. — The new species is named in honor of Jean-François Leroy (1915-1999), whose taxonomic studies have enhanced the knowledge of the flora of Madagascar, especially in the Rubiaceae and the Meliaceae. Leroy described ten of the 12 currently recognized species of Astrotrichilia, including four that were co-authored with Lescot (Leroy & Lescot 1996; Madagascar Catalogue 2019). VERNACULAR NAME AND USES. — The vernacular name “hazondinta” was recorded for the collection R. Guittou et al. 185. The same name has been recorded for Chloroxylon faho Capuron (Rutaceae) in Madagascar, a tree with similarly pinnately compound leaves and valued for its medicinal properties (Schatz 2001; Quattrocchi 2012). “Hazondinta” appears to indicate a tree with sticky sap: “hazo” means tree, and “dinta”, although it also means leech or caterpillar, is likely in this context to be a form of “dity”, a Malagasy word used in plant names, means resin or sticky sap in both the Sakalava and Merina languages (J. Razafitsalama and L. Andriamahefarivo, pers. comm.). Given the overall vegetative similarity of the two, the Malagasy informant for the Guittou et al. 185 collection may have mistaken the Astrotrichilia for C. faho. Harinantenaina et al. (2011) conducted a bioassay for potentially medicinally useful compounds obtained from ethanol extractions of Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. The compound astrotricoumarin was isolated from dried stem tissue (represented by the voucher S. Rakotonandrasana et al. 1091) and showed anti-proliferative properties in an ovarian cancer cell line. DESCRIPTION Shrub or tree to 11 m high; stem to 30 cm in diameter, bark blackish; young stems grayish to light brown, finely striated, moderately to densely covered in a fine stellate-tomentum. Leaves 8-15 × 4-9cm, imparipinnate or sometimes paripinnate, leaflets in 3 to 5 pairs alternate to subopposite, rachis sparsely to moderately stellate-tomentose with hairs like those of the stem; petiole 2-4.5 cm long, moderately to densely stellate-tomentose, canaliculate; rachis sparsely to moderately stellate-tomentose, canaliculate; petiolule 0.2-0.5 cm long, moderately to densely stellate-tomentose,canaliculate.Leaflets oblanceolate to oval-elliptic, coriaceous, 1.5-5 × 0.7-2 cm, base attenuate-cuneate, weakly asymmetric, margin entire, subrevolute, apex rounded, retuse to emarginate; venation pinnate, eucamptodromous, with 4-10 pairs of secondary veins, somewhat visible on both surfaces, tertiary venation not visible on either surface; abaxial surface moderately to densely stellate-tomentose, drying beige,the primary vein densely stellate-tomentose, prominent; adaxial surface glabrous, shiny, deep green in vivo, drying dark brown, the primary vein sparsely to densely stellate-tomentose becoming glabrous or more sparsely stellate-tomentose at maturity. Inflorescence an axillary thyrse; peduncle 1.2-2.5 cm long, moderately to densely stellate-tomentose, articulated at the base, inflorescence 2-4.2 cm long, bearing up to c. 60 flowers, axes moderately to densely stellate-tomentose; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long, moderately to densely stellate-tomentose.Flowers ovoid, presumed to be functionally unisexual, isomorphic; sepals 5, fused at the base, broadly ovate to flabellate, 0.4-1 × 0.7-1.2 mm, weakly imbricate, apex obtuse, ciliolate, abaxial surface glabrous to moderately pubescent with short white trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous; petals 5, ovate to obovate, 1.3-3 × 1.2-2 mm, white to cream, apex rounded to obtuse, margin entire to finely irregularly lacerate or ciliolate, glabrous; stamens 10, fused to form a staminal tube; tube cylindrical, membranaceous, 0.5-1.5 mm long, glabrous, summit of tube entire or sometimes lacerate, sinuate between anthers; anthers ellipsoid, 0.7-1 × 0.3-0.4 mm, sessile on summit of staminal tube or subsessile with filaments to 0.1 mm long; pistil 1.5- 2 mm long; ovary ovoid, 0.5-0.8 mm tall, 0.6-1.2 mm in diam., glabrous, 4-5-locular, each locule with 1-2 ovules; style 0.3-0.6 × 0.3-0.6 mm, glabrous; stigma discoid, 0.3-0.4 mm tall, 0.6- 0.9 mm in diam., glabrous, apex truncate. Fruit a hard, woody drupe, globose to slightly depressed-globose, 1.3-1.5 cm tall, 1.6-2 cm in diameter, glabrous, drying dark brown, with 2-5 locules developing. Seeds lenticular-reniform, 6-7 × 8-9 mm, brown, surface glabrous, foveolate. REMARKS In their unpublished treatment of the Meliaceae in Madagascar, Leroy and Lescot surmised that flowers in Astrotrichilia are functionally unisexual. They state that antherodes can be differentiated from fertile anthers by their slightly smaller size, resinous surface, lanceolate shape, indehiscence, and sterile pollen that is deformed or absent. Similarly, the pistillode might be distinguished from a fertile pistil by its smaller size and nonfunctional ovules (Leroy & Lescot unpubl. data). However, based on careful scrutiny of all available flowering specimens of A. leroyana, sp. nov., as well as comparisons to A. asterotricha, we have not been able to identify any consistent differences between flowers that may be functionally male or female. Perhaps it is the range of sizes due to developmental stage or variability among individuals that preclude the differentiation between anthers and antherodes, and pistils and pistillodes. Indeed, according to Mabberley (2011), “[...] it is often difficult, in the absence of field studies, to ascertain the true sexual arrangements of any particular species [in the Meliaceae].” A fuller and more accurate characterization of sexual systems based on field studies is needed for Astrotrichilia, and it seems that, at least for A. leroyana, sp. nov., it may not be possible to identify functionally male or female flowers using herbarium material alone. CONSERVATION STATUS Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. is known from only 13 collections from lowland dry forest remnants in northern Madagascar were it is threatened by habitat degradation due primarily to bushfires and overgrazing.These threats are particularly severe in dry forests outside of the protected area network at five separate locations (sensu IUCN 2012) including Sahafary.Four other locations for the species are situated within the Loky-Manambato Protected Landscape, where the threats are less severe. With an EOO of Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. is assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012). The available habitat of the species is threatened and is expected to diminish in the future, even if some of these forests are part of a newly designated protected area., Published as part of Wahlert, Gregory A., Phillipson, Peter B. & Callmander, Martin W., 2019, Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. (Meliaceae, Melioideae): a new species from northeastern Madagascar, pp. 91-96 in Adansonia (3) (3) 41 (10) on pages 92-95, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2019v41a10, http://zenodo.org/record/4602128, {"references":["LEROY J. - F. & LESCOT M. 1996. - Taxons nouveaux de Trichilieae (Meliaceae- Melioideae) de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 eme serie - section B, Adansonia: Botanique, Phytochimie 18: 3 - 34. http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13740171","MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE 2019. - Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA & Antananarivo, Madagascar. http: // www. efloras. org / madagascar (last consultation on 17 th May, 2017).","SCHATZ G. E. 2001. - Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, United States, 490 p.","QUATTROCCHI U. 2012. - CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, United States, 3960 p.","HARINANTENAINA L., BRODIE P. J., CALLMANDER M. W., RANDRI- ANAIVO R., RANDRIANASOLO S., RASAMISON V. E., RAKOTOBE E. & KINGSTON D. G. I. 2011. - Astrotricoumarin, an antiproliferative 4 ' - hydroxy- 2 ', 3 ' - dihydroprenylated methylcoumarin from an Astrotrichilia sp. from the Madagascar dry forest. Natural Product Communication 6: 1259 - 1262. https: // doi. org / 10.1177 / 1934578 X 1100600913","MABBERLEY D. J. 2011. - Meliaceae, in KUBITZKI K. (ed), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. 10. Springer Verlag, Berlin: 185 - 211.","IUCN 2012. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. 2 nd edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge."]}

Wahlert, Gregory A., Phillipson, Peter B., Callmander, Martin W. (2019): Astrotrichilia leroyana, sp. nov. (Meliaceae, Melioideae): a new species from northeastern Madagascar. Adansonia (3) 41 (10): 91-96, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2019v41a10

Polypodium radicans Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 233, tab. 66, fig. 3. 1768. ≡ Nephrolepis radicans (Burm. f.) Kuhn in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 285. 1869. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00800108]!). Notes. – BURMAN (1768: 233) cited in the protologue a Pryon collection, a reference to his father’s Thesaurus Zeylanicus (1737: 98) and a plate (tab. 66, fig. 3) (Fig. 1). Asingle specimen of Pryon is present in G-PREL (G 00800108). HOVENKAMP & MIYAMOTO (2005: 308) and HOVENKAMP (2013a: 65) cited this specimen as type but failed to indicate the institution of deposit in 2005 and the term “ lectotype ” both in 2005 and 2013. Thus, none of these citations can be accepted as valid lectotypification (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.22, 9.23). The lectotypification is based here on the single specimen of original material present in G-PREL [G 00800108]., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","HOVENKAMP, P. H. & F. MIYAMOTO (2005). A conspectus of the native and naturalized species of Nephrolepis (Nephrolepidaceae) in the world. Blumea 50: 279 - 322.","HOVENKAMP, P. H. (2013 a). 34. Nephrolepidaceae. In: PARRIS, B. S. et al. (ed.), Fl. Penins. Malaysia ser. 1, 2: 51 - 66.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}

Polypodium laciniatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 231. 1768. Lectotypus (designated by D.H. Nicolson in SMITH, 1978: 346): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Anon. s.n. (G-PREL [G00348760]!). = Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl., Pflanzenr. 37: 60. 1908. ≡ Pothos pinnatus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 1374. 1763. (Araceae) Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 231) referred to two plates (RHEEDE, 1693: 41, tab. 20, 21) and did not mention any collector, but “ Habitat in Java & Malabara ” as locality and the Javanese vernacular names “ Kakajar ” and “ Tally kaffa ”. The latter should be regarded as specimen citation, since these names are not mentioned in the cited publication. The existence of a Javan gathering is confirmed by Burman’s concluding remark (“ In Javanica foliorum foramina non observantur ”. See MERRILL, 1921: 342). Asingle gathering in G-PREL [G00348760], consisting of a giant leaf, matches this specimen citation; it bears both Javanese names “ Kakajar ” and “ Tally kassa ”, and the species name from N.L. Burman’s hand. Nicolson in SMITH (1978: 346) was the first to discuss the typification of Burman’s name: “In Burman’s herbarium (G), there is a leaf specimen, […] to be regarded as the type of Polypodium laciniatum Burm. f.”. This is regarded as a valid implicit lectotypification. The type specimen represents a leaf of Epipremnum pinnatum (Araceae), “a common and weedy species of Java ” (Nicolson in SMITH, 1978: 346)., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["SMITH, A. C. (1978). A precursor to a new Flora of Fiji. Allertonia 1: 331 - 414.","BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","RHEEDE [TOT DRAAKESTEIN], H. A. VAN (1678 - 1693). Hortus Indicus Malabaricus. 12 vol. Amsterdam. [vol. 12, 1693]","MERRILL, E. D. (1921). A review of the new species of plants proposed by N. L. Burman in his Flora Indica. Philippine J. Sci. 19: 329 - 388."]}

Polypodium acutum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 232. 1768. Lectotypus (designated here): SRI LANKA: sine loco, s.d., Hermann s.n. (BIF-CEYL p. 152, upper specimen) (Fig. 3). = Osmunda regalis L., Sp. Pl.: 1065. 1753. Notes. – No original material of Polypodium acutum has been located in G-PREL. BURMAN (1768) referred only to three pre-Linnaean polynomial names and an illustration (PLUKENET, 1694: tab. 285, fig. 1). One of these polynomial names referred to Burman’s father work: “ Burm. Zeyl. 98 ”. Johannes Burman’s Thesaurus zeylanicus, published in 1737, was based mainly on a Paul Hermann herbarium from Ceylon. This herbarium is bound in a folio volume now kept in BIF-CEYL with Benjamin Delessert’s personal library (see LOURTEIG, 1966). Page 152 of this bound herbarium features a collection of Polypodium acutum, bearing a reference to the protologue as well as the name of the new species, both from N.L. Burman’s hand. This collection, representing original material, is here designated as lectotype (Fig. 3). The lectotype matches with sterile pinnae of the fern Osmunda regalis, showing similar shape of pinnules and free venation. This species is widely cultivated and popularly known as ‘royal fern’. It does not occur naturally in Sri Lanka (SLEDGE, 1981) and Hermann probably collected a cultivated plant., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","LOURTEIG, A. (1966). L'herbier de Paul Hermann, base du Thesaurus zeylanicus de Johan Burman. Taxon 15: 23 - 33.","SLEDGE, W. A. (1981). The Ceylon Species of Osmunda. Kew Bull. 36: 9 - 11."]}

Polypodium simplex Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 235. 1768. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00818253]!) (Fig. 7). Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 235) referred to a plate in RUMPHIUS’s Herbarium Amboinense (1750: 70, tab. 30, fig. 1) and a Kleynhoff collection in his herbarium. Thus a lectotypification is necessary. The only original material in G-PREL is a Pryon collection from Java that Burman erroneously attributed to Kleynhoff: the polynomial “ Filix non ramosa foliis integris alternis ” cited in the protologue appears in Pryon’s typical handwriting on the sheet. This collections is here designated as lectotype (Fig. 7). The Pryon specimen in G-PREL clearly represents a species of the genus Drynaria (Bory) J. Sm. It corresponds to Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd., showing a sterile frond with anastomosing veins and narrow pinnae articulate to rachis. BURMAN (1768) ’s Polypodium simplex predates SWARTZ (1801) ’s P. rigidulum. In order to allow the further use of a well-known and widely used fern name (A. Smith, pers. comm.) and to avoid disadvantageous nomenclatural changes entailed by the strict application of the ICN rules (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 14.1), a proposal to conserve Swartz’s name over Burman’s is in preparation., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 104, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","SWARTZ, O. (1801). Genera et species filicum. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (2): 3 - 120.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}

Ophioglossum pedatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 227, tab. 66, fig. 1. 1768. ≡ Lygodium pedatum (Burm. f.) Sw., Syn. Fil.: 154. 1806 [nom. illeg.] [non L. pedatum Sw. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 106. 1801]. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00800094]!). = Lygodium circinnatum (Burm. f.) Sw., Syn. Fil.: 153. 1806. Notes. – The original material of this species includes a plate (BURMAN, 1768: tab. 66, fig. 1) (Fig. 1) and a single specimen in G-PREL [G 00800094] collected by Pryon from Java. Alectotype is therefore designated on the Pryon specimen in G-PREL. MERRILL (1921: 336) erroneously recognized the illegitimate name Lygodium pedatum over L. circinnatum following page priority. The name L. circinnatum is currently generally accepted for this species (ALSTON & HOLTTUM, 1959; HOLTTUM, 1959a)., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","MERRILL, E. D. (1921). A review of the new species of plants proposed by N. L. Burman in his Flora Indica. Philippine J. Sci. 19: 329 - 388.","ALSTON, A. H. G. & R. E. HOLTTUM (1959). Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature in the genus Lygodium (Schizaeaceae). Reinwardtia 5: 11 - 22.","HOLTTUM, R. E. (1959 a). Schizaeaceae. Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1: 37 - 61."]}

Polypodium palustre Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 234. 1768. ≡ Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. f.) Bedd., Suppl. Ferns. S. Ind.: 26. 1876. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Anon. s.n. (G-PREL [G00818199]!). Notes. – BURMAN (1768) referred in the protologue to various pre-Linnaean publications and plates. He did not mention any collector, but “ Habitat in Indiis ” as locality and the Javanese vernacular name “ Daun-Peekou ”, which should be regarded as specimen citation (the only one in the protologue!), since this name is not mentioned in any of the cited publications, as stated by MERRILL (1921: 334). Asingle specimen in G-PREL [G 00818199] matches this citation; it bears the Javanese name “ Daun Pakoe ”, followed by two polynomials from the protologue and the name of the new species, all from Burman’s hand. Another specimen in G-PREL [G 00801097], possibly part of the original material, only bears the same two polynomials from an unknown hand. Three Paul Hermann specimens from Ceylon extant in BIF-CEYL (p. 152 (Fig. 3, lower specimen), p. 21 and p. 156) may also be regarded as original material; they were used by Burman’s father for his Thesaurus Zeylanicus (1737), a work cited in the protologue (see above Notes under Polypodium acutum). UNDERWOOD (1906: 38) cited the type specimen as “Type from Ceylon ”, and FRASER-JENKINS et al. (2018: 187) as “Type from Sri Lanka, “ In Indiis ”, Herb. Burman,? G ”. None of these citations may be considered as valid implicit lectotypification, or even as first-step lectotypification, as BURMAN (1768) did not cite any specimen from Sri Lanka, and as there are three different gatherings from Sri Lanka conserved in Paris. Therefore, we designate here the only specimen cited (G-PREL [G 00818199]) as lectotype (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.12)., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 102, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","MERRILL, E. D. (1921). A review of the new species of plants proposed by N. L. Burman in his Flora Indica. Philippine J. Sci. 19: 329 - 388.","UNDERWOOD, L. M. (1906). The genus Stenochlaena. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 35 - 50.","FRASER-JENKINS, C. R., K. N. GANDHI & B. S. KHOLIA (2018). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 2: Woodsiaceae to Dryopteridaceae. Dehra Dun.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}

Trichomanes nivea Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 237. 1768. Lectotypus (designated by TRYON & WEATHERBY, 1956: 51): SINE PATRIA : “Habitat in utraque India ”, s.d., Anon. s.n. (G-PREL [G00818252]!). = Notholaena trichomanoides (L.) R. Br., Prodr.: 145. 1810. ≡ Pteris trichomanoides L., Sp. Pl.: 1074. 1753. Notes. – Asingle specimen of original material probably collected in the West Indies is extant in G-PREL [G00818252]. This specimen has been cited by TRYON & WEATHERBY (1956: 51) in their revision of the American species of Notholaena R. Br. as: “ Type: in Hb. Delessert, G!”. This implicit lectotypification is accepted here as a single element of original material is present in G-PREL., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["TRYON, R. & U. F. WEATHERBY (1956). A revision of the American species of Notholaena. Contr. Gray Herb. 179: 1 - 106."]}

Polypodium ovatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 233. 1768. Lectotypus (designated by STEENIS, 1934: 288): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Anon. s.n. (G-PREL [G00348837]!). = Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R. Br., Prodr.: 506. 1810. ≡ Ocimum scutellarioides L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 834. 1763. (Lamiaceae) Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 233) simply referred to an illustration (PETIVER, 1712: 38, tab. 14, fig. 2) as (unnamed) variety β. He did not mention any collector, merely “ Habitat in Java ” as locality. But his comment about the variety β (“[...] cum javanica sit ovata [...]”), a comparison between Petiver’s plate and an actual Javan specimen, may be regarded as implicit specimen citation. Asingle specimen of original material is extant in G-PREL [G 00348837]: it bears a reference to Petiver’s illustration and the name of the new species, both from N. L. Burman’s hand, as well as a few notes by John Briquet (1870 – 1931), former curator of the Delessert Herbarium (“ Java / non filix / non Petiver ” in front of the reference to Petiver’s illustration). MERRILL (1921: 337) treated Polypodium ovatum as of doubtful status. This name refers indeed to a commonly cultivated form of Plectranthus scutellarioides (Lamiaceae), as correctly identified by STEENIS (1934: 288), who also designated the above specimen (seen as photograph!) as “actual type ”. This implicit lectotypification is accepted here., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on pages 100-102, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["STEENIS, C. G. G. J. VAN (1934). The identity of Polypodium ovatum Burm. f. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg ser. 3, 13: 288.","BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","PETIVER, J. (1712). Pteri-graphia Americana. London.","MERRILL, E. D. (1921). A review of the new species of plants proposed by N. L. Burman in his Flora Indica. Philippine J. Sci. 19: 329 - 388."]}

Pteris ensiformis Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 230. 1768. Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00360108]!). Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 230) cited two illustrations (BURMAN, 1737: tab. 87; PLUKENET, 1705: tab. 407, fig. 2) and a Pryon collection from Java. The latter, extant in G-PREL, is designated here as the lectotype. FRASER-JENKINS et al. (2017: 286) designated as lectotype a Pieter Hertog collection from Ceylon (G-PREL [G00360109]), annotated by C.V. Morton as holotype. It was cited by Burman’s father (BURMAN, 1737) in the Thesaurus Zeylanicus and is the basis for plate 87 in the same work, precisely the plate mentioned by Burman in the Flora Indica. Unfortunately, as Hertog’s specimen was not cited by BURMAN (1768: 230), unlike Pryon’s (see above), this lectotypification cannot be accepted (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 9.12). DAS et al. (2018: 286) provided a superfluous second-step lectotypification based on the same specimen, apparently overlooking that FRASER-JENKINS et al. (2017: 286) already unambiguously designated a single specimen (“[...] Polypodium zeylanicum etc. Herbier Delessert collection Burman, Holotypus, det. C.V. Morton [...]”)., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 106, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","BURMAN, J. (1737). Thesaurus Zeylanicus, exhibens plantas in insula Zeylana nascentes. Amsterdam.","PLUKENET, L. (1705). Amaltheum botanicum. London.","FRASER-JENKINS, C. R., K. N. GANDHI, B. S. KHOLIA & A. BENNIAMIN (2017). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 1: Lycopodiaceae to Thelypteridaceae. Dehra Dun.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159.","DAS, P., P. M. PADHYE & S. GUPTA (2018). Second-step lectotypification of Pteris ensiformis Burm. f. (Pteridaceae). Indian J. Forest. 41: 285 - 286."]}

Ophioglossum circinnatum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 228. 1768. ≡ Lygodium circinnatum (Burm. f.) Sw., Syn. Fil.: 153. 1806. Lectotypus (designated by HOLTTUM, 1959a: 59): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00818001]!). Notes. – In the protologue, BURMAN (1768: 228) cited a Pryon specimen and two illustrations (RUMPHIUS, 1750: 75 (sphalm. “76”), tab. 33; PETIVER, 1702 – 1709: tab. 64, fig. 10). HOLTTUM (1959a: 59) mentioned as type “ Java, herb. Burman (G, not seen)”. As the only original material in G-PREL is a Pryon collection from Java [G 00818001], Holttum’s statement is accepted as implicit lectotypification., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["HOLTTUM, R. E. (1959 a). Schizaeaceae. Fl. Males. ser. 2, 1: 37 - 61.","BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","RUMPHIUS, G. E. [BURMAN, J. (ed.)] (1741 - 1750). Herbarium Amboinense. 6 vol. Amsterdam, The Hague, Utrecht. [vol. 6, 1750]","PETIVER J. (1702 - 1709). Gazophylaciis naturae & artis decades. London."]}

Adiantum chinense Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 236. 1768. Lectotypus (designated here): CHINA: sine loco, s.d., Anon. s.n. (ex Herb. Petiver) (G-PREL [G00801087]!). = Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. in Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 10: 430. 1857. ≡ Trichomanes chinense L., Sp. Pl.: 1099. 1753. Notes. – The protologue of Adiantum chinense included references to a plate in PLUKENET (1691: tab. 4, fig. 1) and to a specimen in James Petiver’s herbarium, also cited by RAY (1688: 1854). Asingle specimen from Petiver’s herbarium representing original material is extant in G-PREL and is therefore designated as lectotype., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["PLUKENET, L. (1691 - 1694). Phytographia. 3 vol. London.","RAY, J. (1688). Historia plantarum 2. London."]}

Polypodium glabrum Burm. f., Fl. Ind.: 235. 1768. Lectotypus (designated by MERRILL, 1921: 337): INDONESIA. Java: s.d., Pryon s.n. (G-PREL [G00800126]!) (Fig. 5). Notes. – Asingle specimen of original material, collected by Pryon in Java, is present in G-PREL [G00800126] (Fig. 5). Afurther Javanese specimen mentioned by Burman as (unnamed) variety could not be traced. The Pryon specimen was cited by MERRILL (1921: 337) as type. This is regarded as a valid implicit lectotypification. The Pryon specimen in G-PREL (Fig. 5) clearly represents a species of the genus Nephrolepis Schott. It corresponds to Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, showing glabrous lamina, pinnate fronds, entire margin, pinnae articulate to rachis, hydathodes at vein endings. BURMAN (1768) ’s Polypodium glabrum predates SWARTZ (1801) ’s Aspidium biserratum Sw. In order to allow the further use of a well-known and widely used fern name (A. Smith, pers. comm.) and to avoid disadvantageous nomenclatural changes entailed by the strict application of the ICN rules (TURLAND et al., 2018: Art. 14.1), a proposal to conserve Swartz’s name over Burman’s is in preparation., Published as part of Mazumdar, Jaideep, Callmander, Martin W. & Fumeaux, Nicolas, 2019, Typification and nomenclature of the ferns described in N. L. Burman's Flora Indica, pp. 93-109 in Candollea 74 (1) on page 100, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v741a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5684532, {"references":["MERRILL, E. D. (1921). A review of the new species of plants proposed by N. L. Burman in his Flora Indica. Philippine J. Sci. 19: 329 - 388.","BURMAN, N. L. (1768). Flora Indica: cui accedit series zoophytorum indicorum, nec non prodromus florae capensis. Amsterdam.","SWARTZ, O. (1801). Genera et species filicum. J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800 (2): 3 - 120.","TURLAND, N. J., J. H. WIERSEMA, F. R. BARRIE, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, W. - H. KUSBER, D. - Z. LI, K. MARHOLD, T. W. MAY, J. MCNEILL, A. M. MONRO, J. PRADO, M. J. PRICE & G. F. SMITH (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Veg. 159."]}