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Examines the economic mechanism of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) in Soviet Union in 1986. Demonstration of the effectiveness of organizational unity in terroritorial AIC; Improvements to the economic mechanism of AIC; Problem of overcoming the tendency toward higher prices.

Focuses on the efforts to equalize cost-accounting conditions in agriculture in the Soviet Union. Role of objective and subjective factors in productivity differences between farms; Need to equalize economic production conditions; Analysis of rent redistribution systems based on differentiated purchase prizes or direct financial systems.

Discusses the problem of increasing the effectiveness of resource allocation and capital investments in the agroindustrial complex of the Soviet Union using the experience of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic as a case example. Basic elements of the stage-by-stage tactics used by Estonia to convert agriculture to an industrial system; Types of agricultural and agroindustrial complexes that have formed in Estonia.

Discusses the criteria of policy effectiveness and the evaluation of the cost-accounting performance of the national economy based on principles formulated by the 25th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Economic indicators used in evaluating the performance of cost-accounting links; Importance of charges for labor resources in cost-accounting; Significance of evaluative indicators for agriculture.

Focuses on the economic and social problems in the industrialization of the agriculture system in Soviet Union. Features of modern industrialization of agriculture; Demands of stage-by-stage development of agriculture; Need for a comprehensive approach to the improvement of agriculture.

Focuses on measures required for improving territorial management and raising productivity and effectiveness of agriculture. Problems associated with agricultural development; Transition to an industrial stage of agricultural production; Impact of lagging farms on agriculture; Elimination of shortcomings related to agricultural management.

Deals with the utilization of economic zones to ensure equal production conditions in the agricultural sector of the Soviet Union. Development of collective state farms; Assessment of the profitability of farms and agricultural producers; Distribution of agricultural products in the state.

The characteristics of rent relations under socialism encompass the main aspects of the economic interrelationships of two production sectors: the state sector, and the collective-farm cooperative sector. A scientific understanding and proper application of these factors are decisive in the practical management of expanded reproduction in the collective-farm sector and the national economy as a whole.Economic literature abounds in serious investigations of the problem of differential rent in a socialist society. However, a number of economists hold different views not only on the theory of rent, but also on the practical aspect of its distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented which demonstrates an early diagnosis of congenital high-airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) in the fetus of a 35-year-old primigravida through using high-resolution transvaginal sonography.

The article discusses the significance and value of transvaginal sonography (TVS) in pregnancy following cervical cerclage. Particular focus is given to TVS assessments in pregnant women at 14-17 weeks, of which 44 women with 53 pregnancies were inserted with a cervical cerclage. Three cases were emphasized in the observation and recommended assessment of uterine cervix 1 week after placement of a cervical cerclage for prevention of unfortunate outcomes.

The article presents a report that suggests a novel auxiliary sign for the diagnosis of bladder exstrophy with the use of power Doppler ultrasound. It describes bladder exstrophy as a rare malformation with a characteristic of infra-umbilical abdominal wall defect and incomplete closure of the bladder. The visualization of ureteral urine jets from the lower fetal abdomen is suggested as a useful sonographic sign for bladder exstrophy.

The article presents case studies of two 29-year-old primigravida who were both referred at 15 weeks' gestation following visualization of the sign on transvaginal ultrasound and due to a fetal retroperitoneal cyst, respectively. The fetal anatomic survey of the first woman revealed appropriate biometry and the presence of a cystic mass. A broad spectrum of differential diagnoses was also required for the other woman on sonographic visualization of an abdominal cystic mass.

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the sonographic features and outcome of fetuses with isolated hyperechogenic foci in the thalamic region. MethodsA detailed sonographic survey was performed in 46 244 consecutive pregnancies. Both low- and high-risk pregnancies were included. Transvaginal examinations were performed at 14–16 weeks’ gestation, while transabdominal examinations were performed after 18 weeks’ gestation. ResultsIsolated hyperechogenic foci in the thalamic region were observed in seven fetuses. All cases were diagnosed at 14–16 weeks’ gestation. Six fetuses had one hyperechogenic focus, and one fetus had two foci. The size of these foci ranged from 2–4 mm. A serologic work-up was negative in all these fetuses and their karyotype was normal. The hyperechogenic foci disappeared in mid-pregnancy in all cases, and fetuses were normal at delivery and on follow up to the age of 9 years. ConclusionsIsolated hyperechogenic foci in the thalamic region in early pregnancy are probably benign in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The conductance of channels formed by cylindrical walls and of rectangular channels in a wide range of pressures and pressure ratios was defined with the help of numerical solution of Navier–Stokes equations system. The mathematical model was verified. The results of the numerical solution were approximated in the form of equations which can be used in mathematical models of non-contact pumps and compressors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In vacuum systems gas flows not only through slot channels with constant cross section but also through slot channels with variable cross-section. The relationship obtained analytically for the conductance calculation of three types of slot channels in viscous flow regime at small pressure difference at the ends of the channel is presented in this paper. This relationship is recommended for the calculation of flow rates in vacuum systems channels with variable cross-section with a minimal clearance at a certain point along their length. The experimental study of slot channels conductance was carried out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]