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The study qualitatively explores the pandemic and Sarajevo War-Siege from the psychological, sociological, and political security perspectives. As a direct indicator of behavioral variability within extreme conditions, the author refers to structural interviews with war-siege participants. The citizens can recognize the 1990s in some manifestations of the pandemic, including crisis staff formation that reflects ethnopolitics (ethnic-political boundaries) rather than instills public confidence. Life in the conditions of radical changes leaves a trace that does not have to be exclusively emotional but cognitive. The state of war-siege meant deconstructing the pre-war way of life and new ways of coping with war conditions. Maintaining routines is a link to pre-war life; continuity of norms and values allows for mental stability maintenance. During the siege, people had an acute perception of space and time. Space was something where the danger came from and the time spent in that space needed to be reduced. We have similar functions during the pandemic, reflecting on people's thoughts. Those who have adequately gone through the trauma that lasted during the siege have adapted well to "extreme" conditions and can develop protective mechanisms. Human thought focuses on the repetitive and familiar in today's world, while some extreme event interprets as the exception; such exceptional events are crucial in creating the future. Regardless of the political system's axis, confidence in the political elites must be sufficient. Prevention of fear and panic in the war's geographical area should be based on quality peacetime preparation through education and psychological commitment.

Language in the Balkan region of Southeastern Europe has a complex and turbulent history, acutely embodied in the tripartite and trilingual state of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in which Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs all make claim to their own mutually-intelligible varieties of local “languages”. This study utilizes a linguistic landscape methodology to consider language use in Sarajevo, the capital of BiH, approximately 20 years after a brutal war that led to the establishment of the country. Data originate from three municipalities within the Sarajevo Canton – namely, Old Town, Center, and Ilidža – because of their representation of the region’s diversity and history. Signs were classified according to the three primary language varieties, i.e., Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian; BCS, representing a common core among the three varieties, as well as English, other languages, and mixed languages. The application of BCS uniquely positions the present research in comparison to other studies of language use in the region and allows for a more nuanced, less politically and ethnolinguistically fraught analysis of the communicative tendencies of users. More specifically, data indicate that actors in the linguistic landscape transcend the boundaries of their national, ethnic, and religious identities by tending towards the more neutral BCS, suggesting an orientation towards more translingual dispositions than previous variety-bound approaches have indicated. Thus, instead of the divisiveness of linguistic identity politics, the linguistic landscape of Sarajevo indicates a tendency toward inclusion and linguistic egalitarianism.

The Bosnian and Herzegovinian market lacks data about the percentage of genetically modified soy products placed on the domestic market. There has been research on the issue of the presence of GMO products in our domestic market, but neither of the results is used as a reference for this occurrence. Therefore, this research topic tends to contribute to this issue, by examining genetically modified soy in processed food. The sample of seven products containing soya is examined by the methods of DNA isolation and real-time PCR for CP4 EPSPS. The results showed positive results for the presence of CP4 gene in certain products without an appropriate label. This mislabeling was confirmed since a couple of samples were labeled as GMO-free but contained CP4 gene, indicating GMO product.

Names and terminology from Oriental-Islamic spirituality and culture are an important layer of the lexicon of the Bosnian language to which users mostly build a special relationship. That is why orthographic standardization of such words is a very challenging and responsible task. The expectations are always different. In the case of the names and terminology discussed in this article, Muslim theologians, intellectuals, imams, etc. have the greatest influence and the most significant role. They must first of all understand that the vocabulary in question has ceased to be Arabic by the act of borrowing and has become Bosnian, falling that way under the normative ‘jurisdiction’ of the Bosnian language. Only by incorporating all such words into the appropriate Bosnian spelling categories we show that they are fully accepted and domesticated in the Bosnian language. Likewise, as we wander around choosing different ways of writing them (especially those that are foreign to the Bosnian language and spelling), we are actually showing that these words are still a ‘problem’ for us, even after centuries of their presence in the Bosnian language. In doing so, one should know that every battle against natural laws, including linguistic ones, is lost in advance.

Mustafa Ejubović - Šejh Jujo is one of the most prolific Bosniak writers who wrote in oriental languages. He wrote about almost all Islamic disciplines, and especially about disputation. This paper is a contribution to the study of the written legacy of Mustafa Ejubović. Given that the subject of this paper is disputation, which is considered a branch of logic, this paper gives a brief overview of the development of logic as a discipline, with a special focus on its development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the so-called Arabic logic was studied. This paper gives an overview of ten Ejubović’s works available from the field of disputation. Two of those ten works have been translated into Bosnian, and three have not yet been found. During the analysis of each of the manuscripts, it was concluded that Ejubović left a considerable number of over 400 pages of manuscript text from the field of disputation. After the presentation of his works, the paper gives brief insights into disputation, explaining the basic concepts of the discipline. After that, a brief overview of a debate according to principles of the discipline is given along with quotations from Ejubović’s works, as well as some other works from disputation. His contribution to this discipline deserves much more extensive and detailed work.

This article focuses on the role the Bosnian Serb Assembly played in the process of socially constructing Bosniaks as “Turks” during the period between October 1991 and December 1995. This process ...

Linguistic relativism originally comes from anthropology and linguistics. However, most of the interpretations of linguistic relativism have come a long way considering the beginning of the 20th century – when it was established. One of the reasons for that lies in its interdisciplinary potential. In various arts, we find many applications of the philosophy of linguistic relativism. In this paper, we write about the application of the Sapir–Whorf hypothesis in the American movie Arrival (2016) and the novel from Bosnian writer EnesKarić named Boje višnje (2016).

Water, whether in a concrete or abstract sense, has an irreplaceable role in every culture and literary tradition in Bosnia and Herzegovina – from the elementary essential-biological to the ambient and psychological in the representations of space and people. This paper will, through concrete examples, examine the role of water topos in works of Bosnian literature precisely through these segments. The theoretical part indicates what the water topos represents, and the interpretive part sees water as a motif and symbol in the structure of the literary text and emphasizes the inscription of factional geographical toponyms/hydronyms, as well as fictitious abstract (a) topos in the poetic identities of the text (and opus in its entirety). In all this, we try to prove the hypothesis that water is an identifying determinant of a certain space and time, and in the cognitive-identity sense an important marker of cultures, social communities, and individuals.

Throughout its modern history, no other south-east European country, excluding Romania, has come to encapsulate the culture, politics and history of the region as Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Western...

The Book of Examining the Summary (Tamhees Al-Talkhees) (Science of Meanings) by Hassan Kafi Al-Aqsaari Al-Bosnian (1025 A.H.)

В статье рассматриваются фразеологические единицы боснийского языка с семантически однотипным компонентом-антропонимом ориентального происхождения. Анализируются как устаревшие фразеологизмы, так и активно употребляющиеся в наши дни. Ввиду обширности ориентализмов как особого генетического пласта южнославянской лексики в статье анализируются заимствования, называющие человека по таким параметрам, как интеллект, титул, административные и военные должности, род занятий и т. п., частотно употребляемые в повседневной речи славянских мусульман, проживающих в Боснии и Герцеговине.Заимствованию южнославянскими языками тематически разнообразных ориентализмов способствовали исторические события и языковые контакты. Итог пятивекового господства Османской империи на Балканском полуострове - заимствования из староосманского (старотурецкого) языка, являвшегося как языком-источником, так и (часто) языком-посредником, через который в южнославянские языки-реципиенты вошли арабизмы и персизмы. Помимо арабо-персидских элементов староосманский язык насыщен заимствованиями и из других языков. Под термином «турцизмы» обычно подразумевается лексика из староосманского, а не современного турецкого языка. Ориентальная лексика проникала в языки южных славян в основном через устный разговорный язык. В силу исторических причин наибольшее количество заимствований из турецкого языка в составе фразеологизмов наблюдается в Боснии и Герцеговине.В статье приводятся возможные культурологические и историко-этимологические комментарии к фразеологическим единицам, толкуется значение оборотов и компонентов, входящих в них. Фразеологизмы со структурой сравнения не рассматриваются. The article considers the Bosnian phraseological units with anthroponymic orientalisms. The authors deal with both outdated phraseological units and those that are actively used nowadays. Due to the vastness of orientalisms as a special genetic layer of South Slavic vocabulary, the authors analyze the expressions that denote a person in such aspects as intellect, title, position, occupation and etc., which Slavic Muslims (those living in Bosnia and Herzegovina) frequently use in their everyday speech. Historical events and language contacts contributed to the borrowing of thematically diverse orientalisms by the South Slavic languages. The five-century domination of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula resulted in borrowings from the Old Ottoman (Old Turkish) language, which became both the source language and (often) the intermediate language through which Arabisms and Persisms entered the South Slavic recipient languages. In addition to the Arab-Persian elements, the old Ottoman language is rich in borrowings from other languages. The term Turkish usually refers to the vocabulary of the old Ottoman rather than the modern Turkish language. Oriental vocabulary penetrated into the languages of the southern Slavs mainly through oral spoken language. Due to historical reasons, the greatest number of borrowings from the Turkish language as a part of phraseological units is observed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.In addition to this, the authors give possible cultural, historical and etymological comments on phraseological units; show the meaning of the units and components of phraseological units. Phraseological units with a comparison structure are not considered.

U clanku se govori o stereotipima i aksioloskim atribucijama koje su bosanski franjevci koristili u opisu “bosanskih Turaka” [Bosnjaka] i pravoslavnih svecenika u drugoj polovini 19. stoljeca. Kao izvor za analizu poslužila su pri­vatna pisma koja su franjevci razmjenjivali u razdoblju od 1850. do 1870, i to privatnim kanalima kako ta prepiska ne bi dospjela u ruke austrijskih i lokalnih osmanskih vlasti. Zahvaljujuci cinjenici da se prepiska odvijala u tajnosti i bez straha od cenzure, opravdano je pretpostaviti da odražava autenticna misljenja i stavove franjevaca prema osmanskim vlastima i pripadnicima drugih konfesija s kojima su dijelili, među ostalim, životni prostor i jezik. Analiza pokazuje da aksioloske atribucije iz franjevackih pisama slice repertoaru predodžbi i vrijednosnih sudova koji se susrece i u drugim izvorima katolicke proveni­jencije nastalima u Bosni i Hercegovini, kao i u hrvatskoj književnosti ranoga novovjekovlja. Zanimljivo je međutim da se nijedna negativna atribucija ne odnosi na sultana. Naprotiv, o njemu se govori kao o utjelovljenju principa pravde i uzvisenom vladaru “ciju kristalno bistru vodu” [metafora za pravdu] mute i blate predstavnici lokalnih vlasti.” S obzirom na to da imagoloska analiza zahtijeva i povijesnu kontekstualizaciju teksta, takav odnos prema sultanu treba tražiti u drustvenopovijesnom kontekstu. Naime, veci dio pisama napisan je u vrijeme kad su centralne vlasti pod sultanovim budnim okom ulagale velike napore da slome otpor koji su konzervativna ulema i krupni zemljoposjednici pružali provođenju drustvenih i agrarnih reformi u Bosni. Buduci da su te reforme za katolike i njihov opstanak bile od životne važnosti, autori pisama pohvalno se izražavaju ne samo o sultanu i ponekim osmanskim namjesnicima u Bosni nego i o muslimanskim (bosnjackim) prvacima koji su podržavali reforme kao put k modernizaciji osmanske države. Temi se prislo iz imagoloskoga aspekta kroz analizu diskurzivnih konstrukcija o kulturnim i vjerskim identitetima u onodobnoj Bosni. ------------------------------------------- “Oni koji zamucuju bistru vodu carske pravde” – Imagoloski osvrt na međuvjerske odnose u Bosni u 19. st. Stereotypes and axiological attributions used by Bosnian Franciscans to de­scribe “Bosnian Turks” (Bosniaks) and Orthodox Christian priests during the second half of the nineteenth century are discussed. The sources for analysis were private letters exchanged by Franciscans during the period from 1850 to 1870 via private channels, in order to prevent the correspondence from falling into the hands of the Austrian and local Ottoman authorities. As the correspond­ence took place in secrecy and without fear of censorship, it may justifiably be assumed to reflect the Franciscans’ authentic opinions and attitudes toward the Ottoman authorities and members of other confessions with whom they shared, among other things, living space and language. Analysis has shown that the axiological attributions in the Franciscan letters resembled the repertoire of perceptions and value judgments encountered in other source of Catholic provenance from Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as early modern Croatian literature. Interestingly, however, not a single negative attribute is ascribed to the sultan. On the contrary, he is described as the embodiment of the principle of justice and an exalted ruler, “whose crystal clear water” (a metaphor for justice) is clouded and muddied by representatives of the local authorities.” Since imagological analysis also requires historical contextualization, such an attitude toward the sultan should be viewed within the sociohistorical context. Indeed, the majority of the letters were written when the central authorities, under the sultan’s watchful eye, were strenuously attempting to crush the resistance from the conservative ulema and major landowners to social and agrarian reforms in Bosnia. Since these reforms were of vital importance to Catholics and their survival, the authors of the letters not only praised the sultan and some Ottoman governors in Bosnia but also distinguished Muslims (Bosniaks) who supported the reforms as a way to modernize the Ottoman state. The topic was approached from the imagological aspect through the discursive analysis of constructions regarding the cultural and religious identities in Bosnia at the time.

This research note looks at the radical influencers of Bosnian foreign fighters. This group is important, as the Balkan region has been seen as a spot of jihadist activism and recruitment for the I...

This article presents a case study concerning Bosnian Muslim press reporting on the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 and 1912. It discusses the impact of mediatised violence and emotions on the imagination of space, commonality and future. The case under scrutiny is situated at the Eastern European margins of what was, during the course of the long nineteenth century, increasingly conceptualised and perceived as the ‘Muslim world’. This process of imagining the Muslim world as a politically meaningful entity engendered the constitution and transformation of mental maps which played, as this article argues, a key role in local processes of making modernity in a Transottoman setting.

In the article fundamental directions of mountain tourism development in central part of Croatia and western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered. Favorable natural conditions and transport accessibility contribute to the development of tourism. From other side, the consequences of the war 1991–1995s are still being felt. Contradictions between the goals of mass recreation and the objectives of environmental protection slightly aggravated due to the organization of specially protected natural areas where the rules of visiting are brought to perfection. There are great opportunities for the development of tourist infrastructure. To ensure that the recreational load on natural objects is not excessive it is necessary to regulate tourist flows and advertise new types of tourism. Recreational development of natural resources is part of the overall problem of their rational economic use and protection. Economic activities have different impacts on natural recreational resources. In this region under economic circumstances, it is more profitable to organize a vacation than to undertake the exploitation of natural resources in industry and agriculture. Another advantage is the lack of raw materials bases and closure of small industrial enterprises, this made it possible to organize open-air museums. From other side, agrotourism has been widely developed, it is a sign of the agricultural development of the territories. The features of different tourism types (water, walking and large-scale, mountaineering, sports and walking, speleological) are reviewed. Tourists should to spent the rest at winter and at summer in definite areas. A lot of natural and anthropogenic factors were taken into account under assessing recreational potential. Mapping produce in ArcMap 10, also for processing of Earth remote sensing data ERDAS Imagine program are used. Nature protection areas and principal rules regulating visits them was described.

Współczesna bośniacka norma akcentuacyjna ma cechy wspólne ze standardowymi odmianami języków chorwackiego, czarnogórskiego, serbskiego i serbochorwackiego. Dlatego aby precyzyjnie określić, które elementy normy ortoepicznej sąbośniackie, należy jąrozpatrywaćprzede wszystkim w odniesieniu do niej samej. Z uwagi jednak na niespójności, niestabilności i wariantywnośćformy rdzeni trudno jest ustalićreguły skutecznej normy ortoepicznej, chyba że takie rozwiązanie zakładałoby tolerancjędla dużej liczby wariantów akcentowych. Niniejszy artykułpodejmuje problem czasownikowych dubletów akcentowych w standardowej odmianie języka bośniackiego. W tym celu należy przyjąćpodejście kontrastywno-komparatystyczne, poprzez porównanie różnych przykładów użycia w językach standardowych opartych na podstawie nowosztokawskiej. ABSTRACT Contemporary Bosnian normative accentuation shares common features with Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian and Serbo-Croatian standard, and therefore in order to determine precisely which elements of the orthoepic norm are Bosnian, it should be considered above all in its own context. However, due to discrepancies, instabilities, and root variation, the task of establishing the principles of an efficient orthoepic norm remains a difficult one, unless such a solution were to tolerate a wide variety of accentual variants. This paper studies accentual doublets of verbs in the Bosnian standard. To this end, it is particularly important to assume a contrastive-comparative perspective, by evaluating varying usage in the standard languages with a Neo-Štokavian base

The article is devoted to the evolution of the state-legal position of the Bosnian Croats in the context of the political transformation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, caused by the gradual revision of the Dayton Accords. From the author’s point of view, originally the political system of the postwar BiH was a compromise option between the Vance–Owen and the Owen–Stoltenberg peace plans, which did not fully satisfy any of the main national communities in BiH. The Bosnian Croats, as the smallest constituent people, did not get their own entity, although at the beginning of the ethno-civil confrontation in BiH the Bosnian Croats raised the question of national equality and the federalization of the country. Special attention in the article has been paid to the institution of the international oversight, which has limited the sovereignty of BiH — the Office of the High Representative. The author details the amending of the election law as well as the process of the constitutional reformation, initiated by the High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch, and demonstrates that the centralization policy in BiH is pursued by external, supranational organizations in order to integrate BiH into euro-atlantic structures to the disadvantage of the Bosnian Croat political interests. As a result of the reforms FBiH, formally the Entity of Croats and Muslims, de facto was put under control of Bosnian Muslims. Received: 02.09.2020. CitationEremin D. P. The Croatian issue and the evolution of the political system in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the stabilization period (1995–2004) // Slavic Almanac. 2021. No 1–2. P. 174–206 (in Russian). DOI: 10.31168/2073-5731.2021.1-2.1.09

Ḥam Ribi Avram Finci’s Ladino Translation of Selected Texts from the Zohar as a Rare Glimpse into the Methodology of Traditional Bosnian Sephardic Yeshivot (Adult Learning Clubs) and Its Relation to the Local Sufi Islamic Tradition of Ders In traditional Sephardic culture, theoretical Kabbalah was an exclusive patrimony of the rabbinic elite. From the 17th century onward, many Sephardic laymen found even the Hebrew liturgical, and especially speculative, texts to be impenetrable and incomprehensible. Consequently, the rabbinic elite began to translate liturgical texts and halakhic works into popular Judeo-Spanish. However, the Zohar was usually not included in these projects of cultural intermediation. Consequently, a Judeo-Spanish translation of the integral text of the Zohar, or even of one of its volumes, does not exist to this day. At the same time, different Sephardic rabbis translated selected excerpts from the Zohar into the vernacular. This paper analyses one such anthology, Avram ben Moshe Finci’s Leket a-Zoar, published in 5619 (1858/9) in Belgrade. The anthology contains 246 excerpts from the Zohar, 121 of which conclude with Finci’s own reflections and a resume of the moral of the story. Many of Finci’s discourses are masterpieces of the traditional Judeo-Spanish oral genre of darush. Finci was not interested in explaining theoretical kabbalistic terms and concepts. Rather, he reads the Zohar as if it were a work of Mussar. The traditional learning of Bosnian Sephardim seems to resemble, in both methodology and content, the learning traditions of their Muslim neighbours, showing once again that settled communities such as the Ottoman Sephardim cannot be researched only in the context of their affinity to the Jewish world. It is impossible to understand the way the Ottoman Sephardim developed Jewish concepts, practices and institutes without acknowledging the common Ottoman culture they shared with their Muslim and Christian neighbours. Przeklad Ḥam Ribi Avrama Finciego wybranych tekstow Zoharu na ladino jako rzadkie spojrzenie w metodologie pracy tradycyjnych bośniacko-sefardyjskich jeszybot (klubow edukacyjnych dla doroslych) oraz jej związek z lokalną, islamsko-suficką tradycją homiletyczną W tradycyjnej kulturze sefardyjskiej kabala teoretyczna byla dziedzictwem wylącznie uczonej elity rabinow. Od wieku XVII dla wiernych nalezących do niewyksztalconych mas bardziej skomplikowane teksty liturgiczne (nie wspominając o spekulatywnych) byly niezrozumiale, dlatego tez elita rabiniczna podjela sie zadania tlumaczenia podstawowych pism liturgicznych i halahicznych na jezyk zydowsko-hiszpanski. Poniewaz dziela Zohar zwykle nie wlączano do tego kulturalno-mediacyjnego projektu, do chwili obecnej nie powstal integralny, zydowsko-hiszpanski przeklad ani jednej z jego ksiąg. Rozni rabini sefardyjscy przekladali na zydowsko-hiszpanski jedynie wlasny wybor najbardziej pouczających tekstow pochodzących z tego ogromnego korpusu. Niniejszy artykul analizuje jeden z takich zbiorow wybranych fragmentow, slynny Leket a-Zoar autorstwa Ḥam Ribi Avrama (syna Mojzesza) Finciego, wydany w Belgradzie w 5619 (1858/9) roku. Antologia Finciego zawiera przeklad 246 fragmentow ksiąg Zoharu, z ktorych 121 konczy sie wlasnymi refleksjami i komentarzami Finciego. Wiele z tych wykladow Finciego to arcydziela tradycyjnego sefardyjskiego gatunku ustnego darush (‘kazanie’). Finci, jako komentator, nie byl zainteresowany wyjaśnianiem zagmatwanych kabalistycznych terminow i konceptow. Chetniej czytal i tlumaczyl Zohar jak dzielo musar – dzielo zydowskiej etyki. Jak sie wydaje, w tym podejściu polączyly sie tradycyjny bośniacko-sefardyjski sposob czytania, uczenia i tlumaczenia ksiąg Zoharu oraz lokalna bośniacko-muzulmanska tradycja czytania, uczenia i tlumaczenia klasycznych tekstow sufickich. Dowodzi to faktu, ze wspolnoty zydowskie, zakorzenione w określonym kontekście cywilizacyjnym, nie mogą byc studiowane jedynie przez pryzmat ich wyjątkowości wobec reszty świata zydowskiego ani przez pryzmat kongruencji z nim. Niemozliwe jest zrozumienie rozwoju sefardyjskich idei, praktyk i instytucji bez brania pod uwage wspolnej osmanskiej cywilizacji, w tworzeniu i rozwoju ktorej Sefardyjczycy przez prawie 500 lat brali udzial razem ze swoimi muzulmanskimi chrześcijansko-prawoslawnymi sąsiadami.

The increased global demand for weapons is growing fast both military and civilian grade equipment. The defense industry is experiencing an increase in its trades and production over the globe. Currently global market trade of arms is about US$ 1.9 trillion, with a trend of increase. This paper investigates global trends in defense through analysis of global defense spending and R&D activities with the focus to Bosnian defense industry perspectives. It was observed that Bosnian defense industry has potential to be one of the key players of the national innovation system through which the national R&D output would make notable positive impact on the national economic performances.

In this article, we draw on feminist trauma studies with the aim of deconstructing the theoretical and methodological binary between individual and collective trauma. Based on first-hand interviews with Bosnian survivors of rape, we attempt to ‘think against’ the private/public split that trauma studies work often unintentionally reifies. We draw upon recent methodological innovations that have been influenced by thinkers such as Derrida and Deleuze. Specifically, we work with what Jackson and Mazzei call rhizomatic and trace readings in the threshold. Through a rhizomatic and trace reading of narrative pieces extracted from the interviews, we engage with the following questions: 1) How do we theorise what Davoine and Gaudilliere call ‘the sociopolitical faultlines’ between collective/public accounts of trauma and those traditionally constructed as private/personal? 2) How do accounts of war rape, which narrate the eruption of the past into the present, elucidate the myriad links between the private and public in a number of ways; among others, the echoes or traces of the everyday ‘before’ in subjects’ stories of the monstrous ‘after’? And 3) What is the relationship between the ‘unspeakable’ in the traumatic memories of the survivors and the ‘speakable’ collective memories of traumatic humanmade events? How does the collective desire ‘not to know’ or ‘to forget’ impact on the individual survivor’s ability to reconstitute their post-trauma identity in a personal as well as a social context? The aim of the analysis is to show that the multifaceted nature of the traumatic reality demands a multifaceted approach that resists binary constructions relating to self/other, private/public, individual/collective.

The article examines the debate as to the direct influence of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism upon the doctrine of the Bosnian Church. The author traces some scholarly views pro et contra the presence, in the Bosnian-Slavic sources, of traces of neo-Manichean views on the Church, the Patristic tradition, and the sacraments. In analyzing two marginal glosses in the so-called Srećković Gospel in the context of some anti-Bogomil Slavic and Byzantine texts, the article attempts to establish the importance of Bulgarian and Byzantine Bogomilism for the formation of certain dogmatic and ecclesiological views in the doctrine of the Bosnian Church: the negative attitude towards the orthodox Churches, especially the Roman Catholic Church; the rejection of the sacrament of baptism and of St. John the Baptist; the rejection of the sacrament of confession, and hence, of the Eucharist. These doctrinal particularities of the Bosnian Church warrant the assertion that its teachings and liturgical practice differed significantly from the dogmatics and practice of the orthodox Churches. Without being a copy of the Bogomil communities, the Bosnian Church was certainly heretical, and neo-Manichean influences from the Eastern Balkans were an integral element of the Bosnian Christians’ faith.

“No Man’s Land” (2001) es una película de origen bosnio que retrata la crudeza de los enfrentamientos bélicos y de los procesos que tienen como protagonistas a los nacionales que se enfrentan unos a otros. Esgrime un retrato ficticio, aunque verídico, de las guerras de disolución de Yugoslavia, específicamente de la guerra serbobosnia. El setting es algún lugar entre Bosnia y Serbia, y casi la totalidad de la historia sucede dentro de una trinchera, en donde las conversaciones absurdas y las situaciones satíricas abundan; la película es una sátira anti-guerra que sitúa al espectador en una encrucijada: la de reír o llorar. Analizamos la película “En Tierra de Nadie”, por retratar su trama las guerras de disolución de la ex Yugoslavia, y poner en jaque el rol protagonista de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas en conflictos bélicos internacionales, con una mirada crítica hacia su funcionamiento y burocracia.

This article presents three short passages describing coffee and coffeehouse culture among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Muslims in the late nineteenth century. These texts are drawn from manuscripts collected by lay, Croatian folklore and folklife collectors who submitted them to two early collecting projects in Zagreb. The pieces are translated here for the first time into English and placed into historical and cultural context regarding the history of coffee culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider Ottoman Empire as well as the politics of folklore collection at the time. By using the Pan-Ottoman concept of ćeif as a theoretical lens, I argue that these early folklorists produced impressive folklife accounts of Bosniak foodways, but that these depictions inevitably enfolded both genuine interest and negative by-products of the wider politics of their era.

Background: The world tourism industry is subject to big changes. A number of tourists traveling steadily grows, resulting in turnover and income. The destinations, that tourists are attracted, to are numerous, and there are also newcomers who arrive to a certain destination for the first time. Nowadays, even some very distant places are on the travellers’ bucket lists. What is more, tourists are looking for authenticity, in terms of which the concept of ethno village proves to be such an example. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how this kind of tourism is regulated in Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The emphasis will be on the study of specific ethno villages. Methods: Regarding the article, desk analysis will be done. The data were gathered from the world web, from the World Tourism Organisation’s data and from the data gathered from Slovenian and Bosnian national statistical office as well. The Excel was used for the analyses. Two examples of an ethno village are also described. Results: The ethno village as a part of rural tourism offers great opportunities for new work posts but capacities should be used to a greater extent and the problem of seasonality should also be overcome. All the key aims of rural development must be defined by the following strategy: the development of sustainable and efficient agricultural sector, the living standard of the population who lives from agriculture, creation of social and economic conditions in the rural regions; all of it within the National strategy of the rural development. Conclusions: Tourism industry is being developing as a part of modern touristic migration. There are more and more visitors coming overseas or coming from more remote places. They stay for a short period of time and they have different expectations as before.

Users of the National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina, for the purpose of various researches, often look for material that contains national, local heritage, history, material about politics and culture. In addition to the obligatory copy, NUBBIH replenishes its funds with exchanges and gifts. One such gift is the legacy of historian Prof. Dr. Hamdija Kapidžić. The Library got this gift in 2008. Part of this gift – correspondence, letters, postcards, old books, maps, etc., are located in the Department of Special Collections. The material has been undocumented for a long time and we decided to present to the public the archives of this famous Bosnian cultural and scientific worker through this brief overview and list. We hope that this brief review of the legacy of the historian Hamdija Kapidžić will bring new views on his life and scientific work and serve as a source for new research., Korisnici Nacionalne i univerzitetske biblioteke Bosne i Hercegovine u svrhu različitih istraživanja često traže građu koja sadrži podatke o nacionalnoj i lokalnoj historiji, politici, kulturi. Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine svoje fondove, pored obaveznog primjerka, popunjava razmjenom i poklonima. Jedan takav poklon jeste i zaostavština historičara Hamdije Kapidžića. Biblioteka je ovaj poklon zaprimila 2008. godine. Dio poklona, koji čine nekoliko predmeta, korespondencija, pisma, razglednice, stare knjige, karte, nalazi se na Odjeljenju Specijalnih zbirki. Građa već duže vrijeme stoji neobrađena pa smo odlučili kroz ovaj kratki pregled i popis javnosti predočiti arhivu ovog znamenitog bosanskohercegovačkog kulturnog i naučnog radnika. Nadamo se da će ovaj kratak osvrt na zaostavštinu historičara Hamdije Kapidžića donijeti nove poglede na njegov život i znanstveni rad i poslužiti kao izvor za nova istraživanja.

The paper explores potential gender-linked differences in the use and perception of insulting language among Bosnian university students. The respondents were asked to provide one-word answers to four questions about the worst male-directed and female-directed insults, and about one-word descriptions of a male and female person who they view as the most detestable. The results indicate that the male and female respondents have a similar perception of the worst male-directed (lack of masculinity) and, to a lesser extent, femaledirected insults (sexual looseness). Surprisingly, insults of homosexual nature, as well as those pertaining to being unethical and physically unattractive were rarely mentioned. The results also reveal significant gender -of-insulter differences in the use of offensive words in reference to the most disliked person, as well as the tendency by the respondents of both genders to avoid using those insults that they perceive as the harshest.

Economic growth, or, more precisely, GDP growth rate (Y) is the key macroeconomic indicator. Positive tendencies of GDP growth (r) mostly impact the economic welfare of the national economy. Hence, output is analysed in combination with other macroeconomic aggregates and indicators: investments, inflation, unemployment, trade exchange and the like. In the context of researching the relation between GDP trends and unemployment rate, A.M. Okun was the first to notice regularity between these variables. Okun’s law shows the direction and strength of GDP changes under the influence of (un)employment and represents functional relation between the output market and labour market. This paper aims to prove that, to a certain extent, there exists Okun’s regularity in Bosnian and Herzegovinian economy for the period of 2000-2019. The results of linear regression analysis show that there is negative correlation (R=0,451) between variables Y (output) and X (unemployment). Determination coefficient R2 = 0,204 indicates that 20,4% variations in GDP is determined by the changes in unemployment. Coefficient β in linear regression equation is negative, amounting to -0,596, which means that a change in unemployment by 1 percentile point brings about an inverse change in GDP by approximately 0,6 units. Variable direction indicates that there exists Okun’s regularity, though with significantly weaker intensity among the variables. This proves the hypothesis that there is a negative functional relation between the output market and labour market in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This article examines the social and political effects produced by the most recent wave of emigration in postwar Bosnia, widely understood to be the result of continued political instability and economic decline that followed the 1992–95 war. Drawing on ethnographic research in a deindustrialized Bosnian town and analysis of popular discourses seeking to make sense of this new wave of departures, I show how the phenomenon of postwar exit impacts those staying behind and inspires new forms of reflection that link past histories of violence to more recent forms of dispossession. The emergence of such forms of historical consciousness reveals that postwar migration is haunted both by the memory of wartime expulsions and ethnic cleansing, as well as by the often-unacknowledged violence of postwar economic restructuring glossed as the postsocialist transition. In asking what happens to nationalist regimes, as well as scholarship on nationalist politics, when the “people” leave, I demonstrate the need to analyze the ongoing out-migration both in terms of Bosnia’s historical specificity and global political-economic dynamics. In so doing, I show how absences created by these departures create new vantage points that bring to light and expose unsettling political configurations left behind by the Bosnian war.

For the historian of Bosnia in the 19th and early 20th century, the politicization of the zadruga seems an irrelevant question: at that time, public debates focused on fiscal questions. During the Austro-Hungarian period (1878-1918), two other prominent public debates appeared: the agrarian question and the political autonomy of the different religious communities. Family matters concerned neither public opinion, nor decision-makers, with the exception of the antiabortion policies of the Otto...

Emigration from Bosnia-Herzegovina to New Zealand invariably affects, and often undermines, the core religious practices and affiliations of Slavic Muslims. Research suggests that most of these immigrants and refugees have subsumed a key feature of their unique Balkan heritage in order to integrate into mainstream society, the Anglo-European population in this predominantly Protestant-Christian nation in the South Pacific. My study aims to elucidate this historic phenomenon through an exploration of multiple biographies of several working class persons, within the context of the wider picture of Bosnian settlement here. This essay asks: to what degree does personal motivation appear to influence participation in the wider, shared spiritual tradition of Islam in a minority societal context? Predicated on a review of the available literature, my research suggests a complex socio-economic bricolage. Through a case study design my analysis demonstrates that most Bosnian immigrants and refugees over the twentieth century were more concerned with tangible material objectives than theological principles or goals. These results indicate that, overall, religion played less of a role in their private and public lives historically compared to Asian and African immigrants and refugees. On this basis, it is suggested that in future Muslim social and religious organisations based in Bosnia make greater efforts to liaise with their diaspora populations even at these further-most edges of the earth and provide better spiritual leadership. Further research is necessary to identify other aspects that could strengthen Bosnian Muslim culture outside Europe.

Focusing on the Bosnian war (1992–1995), and its lingering consequences, this article turns to witness testimonies to situate and evaluate the place and value of interfaith dialogue in a post-conflict setting. It particularly focuses on the horror of neighbor killing neighbor, a seemingly intractable divide for any hope for future reconciliation and role for dialogue. To pave a way forward, this article assesses the aims and work of interfaith bodies and groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina seeking to establish peace and some form of interfaith and intercultural normalization after the Dayton Accords.

The Bosnian Islamic community has led the Islamic affairs of most Slavic Muslims in the Balkans since 1882. While authoritarian and secularist states represented considerable dangers for its surviv...

Background The world is facing an unprecedented outbreak affecting all aspects of human lives which is caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the virus novelty, healthcare systems are challenged by a high rate of patients and the shortage of medical products. To address an increased need for essential medical products, national authorities, worldwide, made various legislative concessions. This has led to essential medical products being produced by automotive, textile and other companies from various industries and approved under the emergency use authorizations or legal concessions of national regulatory bodies. This paper presents a narrative commentary of the available documentation on emergency use authorizations and legal concessions for medical products during COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology The basis for narrative commentary includes scientific articles published in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases, official publications of international organizations: Food and Drug Agency (FDA), World Health Organisation (WHO), World Bank and United Nations (UN), and national regulatory agency reports in native languages (English, German, Bosnian, and Croatian) published from November 1, 2019 to May 1, 2020. This paper focuses on three types of essential medical products: mechanical ventilators, personal protective equipment (PPE) and diagnostic tests. Evidence-informed commentary of available data and potential identified risks of emergency use authorizations and legal concessions is presented. Discussion It is recognized that now more than ever, raising global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the essential requirements is needed to guarantee the appropriate quality, performance and safety of medical products, especially during outbreak situation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency use authorizations for production, import and approval of medical products should be strictly specified and clearly targeted from case to case and should not be general or universal for all medical products, because all of them are associated with different risk level. Conclusion Presented considerations and experiences should be taken as a guide for all possible future outbreak situations to prevent improvised reactions of national regulatory bodies.

This article charts the rise and fall of Yugoslavia’s global economic project through the case of Energoinvest, a large enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This company was the protagonist first ...

The Osmic familyʹs house in Mala Brijesnica near Gracanica is located on flat terrain, on a slope with southwestern exposure. The house was built by Mr. Redzo Osmic in 1920-1926 years. The house is one of the most preserved examples of the authentic bosnian chardaklia house in Gracanica, but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a whole. The Osmic familyʹs house in Mala Brijesnica near Gracanica, according to the disposition of their horizontal plans, belongs to the type of three-tracs bosnian chardaklia house, which was developed through the basement, ground floor and first floor in a vertical slab. The dispositions of the horizontal plans of the house are designed in such a way that the house can be divided both horizontally and vertically into more autonomous housing units, which is one of the specifics of the Bosnian chardaklia house. According to its spatial concept, construction and materialization, and securing the cryptoclimate of space, the Osmic family house is an example of traditional bioclimatic architecture in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnian language is a very important factor of Bosniak identity. It owns active and passive vocabulary. Bosniak identity is confirmed by the Bosnian language. Identity and language are causally linked.

This study analyzes circumstances tied to the implementation of the Dayton Agreement’s provision for the reunification of Sarajevo. Three months after the signing, Sarajevo was again a united city territorially, but pre-war inhabitants of Sarajevo who identified themselves as Serbs were almost entirely absent from the reunited town under the control of the Federation government. This article addresses the causes of the flight of the Serbs, who had been living in Sarajevo’s suburbs before the start of the Bosnian war and stayed, in their view, to defend their homes. I argue that the incentives that led a majority of Sarajevan Serbs to leave the city and its surroundings were the result of actions not only of the Serb leadership but also of Bosniak leaders and the international community. Our analysis is complementary to the scholarship examining the impact of massive population migrations and displacement in the aftermath of conflicts. I analyze the dynamics of Sarajevo’s unification within the Federation and its consequences, demonstrating that once a partition is accepted at a higher level, it is almost impossible to prevent its emergence on a local level.

The battlefields are spaces of death and destruction. In the combat zone soldiers fight and kill while witnessing the death of their comrades. These unprecedented life experiences are regularly shaped by strong emotional responses. In this paper I analyse the complex emotional dynamics of fighting and killing in the combat zone. I explore the war-time experiences of ordinary soldiers who fought in the 1991-1995 wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper is based on the interviews I conducted with the members of the Croatian Army and the Bosnian Serb Army who had direct experience of the battlefield. The focus is on the relationship between emotions and violence in the theatres of war with a spotlight on the personal experiences of fighting and killing. The paper challenges the existing interpretations of this phenomenon and argues that the killing in war is neither uniformly easy nor unvaryingly difficult but is context-dependent, variable and highly contingent. Furthermore, the acts of fighting and killing do not automatically trigger pre-existing and stable emotions but the violent processes themselves generate distinct emotional dynamics. Rather than simply following the violent actions emotions are in fact often made in the very acts of fighting and killing.

Original Scientific Paper DOI: https://doi.org/10.37458/ssj.1.1.2 This paper presents an initial assessment of the results of a four-month research project studying Ultras in BiH. This research contributed to the Bosnia & Herzegovina Resilience Initiative (BHRI) Programme (implemented by the International Organization for Migration - United Nations, funded and closely coordinated with the U.S. Agency for International Development -USAID) aiming to reduce the threat of violent extremism in BiH and to counter extremist efforts to deepen or exploit communal tensions.

Director John Frankenheimer, in crafting his 1996 TV movie Andersonville, a dramatization of life at the notorious Confederate prisoner‐of‐war camp from the American Civil War, was influenced by im...