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Micronized car tire rubber (CTR) particles constitute an important fraction of plastic particles released into the environment. A major consequence is the leaching of chemical additives from CTR to the marine environment, some of which highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Microalgae, at the basis of the aquatic food-web, are particularly vulnerable to chemical mixtures released from plastic particles. As key-stone organisms, any impacts or alterations in microalgae communities can have substantial consequences for the whole aquatic ecosystem. The present study analysed the toxic effects of CTR-associated chemicals released after 7 and 14 days of leaching to 4 different marine microalgal species, namely Skeletonema pseudocostatum, Rhodomonas baltica, Isochrysis galbana and Tetraselmis suecica. Flow cytometry and pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry were first used as screening tools, where general toxicity was indicated by effects in growth rate, cell size and complexity, natural pigments content and photosystem II performance. The 14 days leachate was the most toxic for all species, with S. pseudocostatum being the most sensitive (EC50=3.26 mg/mL). A high‐throughput methodology was then used at sub-lethal levels to further analyse this specific toxicity. The analysed endpoints included metabolic activity, cell viability, cytoplasmatic and mitochondrial membrane potentials, ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, neutral lipids, cellulose and DNA contents. The specific toxic mechanisms of CTR leachates to crucial components of microalgae cells was revealed, with ROS formation and oxidative stress being the most affected, along with a high decrease in cellulose content. This study provides new information on the toxicity mechanisms of CTR leachates to marine microalgae and highlights the importance of comprehensively understanding the potential impacts of plastic-associated chemicals to the marine ecosystem. Also see: https://micro2022.sciencesconf.org/427249/document, In MICRO 2022, Online Atlas Edition: Plastic Pollution from MACRO to nano

The Priority III Priority Setting Partnership identified priorities for future research around how we plan, do and share the results of rapid reviews in the context of healthcare using a modified JLA approach

This OSF project contains the details of the protocol associated with content analysis of a sceientometric study entitled "Scientometric Analysis of Kenya Medical Training College: 1927–2021".

Purpose\ud \ud Persistent physical symptoms (PPS) are often associated with profound physical disability and psychological distress. Interventions for PPS that promote behavioural change aim to reduce levels of symptoms and improve overall functioning in patients. The evidence for these interventions is mixed, with effective relationships between patients and health practitioners (HPs) reported as the key to the success of primary care interventions. The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize the qualitative evidence and to evaluate the acceptability of behavioural interventions for PPS in primary care, from the perspective of both patients and HPs.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud A comprehensive literature search was conducted in seven major electronic bibliographic databases, to February 2019. The aim was to identify a broad range of literature including, qualitative research, mixed methods research, and qualitative data embedded in trial reports or process evaluations. Fifty‐eight full papers were screened against the inclusion criteria. Nine studies were included and quality‐assessed. A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted using thematic synthesis.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud Some patients and HPs reported positive gains from taking part in or delivering interventions, with appropriate support and explanation of their symptoms important for patients. Barriers appeared to be underpinned by the relationship between the patients and HPs, and by beliefs and attitudes held by both parties.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud Patients should be provided with adequate information to make an informed decision about whether an intervention is appropriate for them, and interventions should not end suddenly or without adequate follow‐up. HPs should receive training and supervision to address their lack of confidence, and improve their knowledge of PPS.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jis-10.1177_01655515221114452 for A Tailored Approach: A model for literature searching in complex systematic reviews by Chris Cooper, Andrew Booth, Kerryn Husk, Rebecca Lovell, Julia Frost, Ute Schauberger, Nicky Britten and Ruth Garside in Journal of Information Science

Objective: To explore the burdens experienced by family carers who support older relatives to manage their medications at home. Methods: This study, based on a larger UK medication management study: MEdication Management in Older people: Realist Approaches Based on Literature and Evaluation (MEMORABLE), reports on findings from family carer interviews (n = 16). The five stages of medication management, identified in MEMORABLE, were used to inform the analysis. Results: Family carers described being involved in some or all five of the MEMORABLE stages to help manage older relatives’ medications. Their capacity to undertake this role was sometimes limited by the complex workload involved as well personal circumstances such as time, distance and relationships. Family carers perceived that their knowledge and skills in medication management improved with experience, but also described stress associated with information lag and gaps, risk and responsibility, and loss. They described medication management burdens that needed mitigation: ambiguity, concealment, unfamiliarity, fragmentation and in particular exclusion, conflicted interests and expectation of coping. Conclusion: To help mitigate these burdens, family carers should receive better information, training and support for this role. Practice implications: Continued reliance on family carers for medication management requires strategic recognition in policy, funding and practice.