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101. Reply to Baba and Kanamori.

Author

Franz, Eelco, Rotariu, Ovidiu, Lopes, Bruno S, Bono, James L, Laing, Chad, Gannon, Victor, Hoek, Angela H A M Van, Friesema, Ingrid, French, Nigel P, George, Tessy, Biggs, Patrick J, Jaros, Patricia, Rivas, Marta, Chinen, Isabel, Campos, Josefina, Mellor, Glen E, Chandry, P Scott, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Forbes, Ken J, and Strachan, Norval Jc

Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli diseases, HEALTH policy, POPULATION geography, INFECTIOUS disease transmission
Published
2020
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105. Occurrence of Escherichia coliO157:H7 in Pest Flies Captured in Leafy Greens Plots Grown Near a Beef Cattle Feedlot

Author

Berry, Elaine D., Wells, James E., Durso, Lisa M., Friesen, Kristina M., Bono, James L., and Suslow, Trevor V.

Abstract

Leafy greens are leading vehicles for Escherichia coliO157:H7 foodborne illness. Pest flies can harbor this pathogen and may disseminate it to produce. We determined the occurrence of E. coliO157:H7–positive flies in leafy greens planted up to 180 m from a cattle feedlot and assessed their relative risk to transmit this pathogen to leafy greens. The primary fly groups captured on sticky traps at the feedlot and leafy greens plots included house flies (Musca domesticaL.), face flies (Musca autumnalisL.), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitransL.), flesh flies (family Sarcophagidae), and blow flies (family Calliphoridae). E. coliO157:H7 carriage rates of house, face, flesh, and blow flies were similar (P> 0.05), ranging from 22.3 to 29.0 flies per 1,000 flies. In contrast, the carriage rate of stable flies was lower at 1.1 flies per 1,000 flies (P< 0.05). Differences in carriage rates are likely due to the uses of fresh bovine feces and manure by these different pest fly groups. E. coliO157:H7 carriage rates of total flies did not differ (P> 0.05) by distance (ranging from 0 to 180 m) from the feedlot. Most fly isolates were the same predominant pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types found in feedlot surface manure and leafy greens, suggesting a possible role for flies in transmitting E. coliO157:H7 to the leafy greens. However, further research is needed to clarify this role and to determine set-back distances between cattle production facilities and produce crops that will reduce the risk for pathogen contamination by challenging mechanisms like flies.

Published
2019
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112. First Closed Genome Sequence of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis bv. intermedius

Author

LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, I&I AVM, Advances in Veterinary Medicine, van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda, Miller, William G, Yee, Emma, Bono, James L, Rijnsburger, Martine, Campero, Carlos, Wagenaar, Jaap A, Duim, Birgitta, LS Klinisch Onderzoek Wagenaar, I&I AVM, Advances in Veterinary Medicine, van der Graaf-van Bloois, Linda, Miller, William G, Yee, Emma, Bono, James L, Rijnsburger, Martine, Campero, Carlos, Wagenaar, Jaap A, and Duim, Birgitta

Published
2014

115. Comparative Genomics of the Campylobacter lari Group

Author

Miller, William G., primary, Yee, Emma, additional, Chapman, Mary H., additional, Smith, Timothy P.L., additional, Bono, James L., additional, Huynh, Steven, additional, Parker, Craig T., additional, Vandamme, Peter, additional, Luong, Khai, additional, and Korlach, Jonas, additional

Published
2014
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121. Disinfectant and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strains from Cattle Carcasses, Feces, and Hides and Ground Beef from the United States

Author

BEIER, ROSS C., primary, POOLE, TONI L., additional, BRICHTA-HARHAY, DAYNA M., additional, ANDERSON, ROBIN C., additional, BISCHOFF, KENNETH M., additional, HERNANDEZ, CHARLES A., additional, BONO, JAMES L., additional, ARTHUR, TERRANCE M., additional, NAGARAJA, T.G., additional, CRIPPEN, TAWNI L., additional, SHEFFIELD, CYNTHIA L., additional, and NISBET, DAVID J., additional

Published
2013
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122. Molecular serotyping of Escherichia coli O111:H8

Author

Durso, Lisa M., Bono, James L., Keen, James E., Durso, Lisa M., Bono, James L., and Keen, James E.

Abstract

AccurateE. coli serotyping is critical for pathogen diagnosis and surveillance of non-O157 Shiga-toxigenic strains, however few laboratories have this capacity. The molecular serotyping protocol described in this paper targets the somatic and flagellar antigens of E. coli O111:H8 used in traditional serotyping, and can be performed routinely in the laboratory.

Published
2007

123. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of the Big Six Non-0157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains from Food Animals and Humans.

Author

BEIER, ROSS C., FRANZ, EELCO, BONO, JAMES L., MANDREEE, ROBERT E., ERATAMICO, PINA M., CALLAWAY, TODD R., ANDREWS, KATHLEEN, POOLE, TONI L., CRIPPEN, TAWNI L., SHEFFIELD, CYNTHIA L., ANDERSON, ROBIN C., and NISBET, DAVID J.

Subjects
DISINFECTION & disinfectants, ANTI-infective agents, DRUG resistance in bacteria, DISEASE prevalence, BACTERIA
Abstract

The disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 138 non-0157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STECs) from food animals and humans were determined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was moderate (39.1% of strains) in response to 15 antimicrobial agents. Animal strains had a lower AMR prevalence (35.6%) than did human strains (43.9%) but a higher prevalence of the resistance profile GEN-KAN-TET. A decreasing prevalence of AMR was found among animal strains from serogroups 045 > 0145 > 0121 > 01 11 > 026 > 0103 and among human strains from serogroups 0145 > 0103 > 026 > 01 11 > 0121 > 045. One animal strain from serogroups 0121 and 0145 and one human strain from serogroup 026 had extensive drug resistance. A high prevalence of AMR in animal 045 and 0121 strains and no resistance or a low prevalence of resistance in human strains from these serogroups suggests a source other than food animals for human exposure to these strains. Among the 24 disinfectants evaluated, all strains were susceptible to triclosan. Animal strains had a higher prevalence of resistance to chlorhexidine than did human strains. Both animal and human strains had a similar low prevalence of low-level benzalkonium chloride resistance, and animal and human strains had similar susceptibility profiles for most other disinfectants. Benzyldimethylammonium chlorides and C10AC were the primary active components in disinfectants DC&R and P-128, respectively, against non-0157 STECs. A disinfectant FS512 MIC > 8 ug/ml was more prevalent among animal 0121 strains (61.5%) than among human 0121 strains (25%), which may also suggest a source of human exposure to STEC 0121 other than food animals. Bacterial inhibition was not dependent solely on pH but was correlated with the presence of dissociated organic acid species and some undissociated acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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137. Sequence of Colonization Determines the Composition of Mixed Biofilms by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O111:H8 Strains.

Author

RONG WANG, KALCHAYANAND, NORASAK, and BONO, JAMES L.

Subjects
BIOFILMS, ESCHERICHIA coli, FOOD industry, PATHOGENIC microorganisms, SEROTYPES
Abstract

Bacterial biofilms are one of the potential sources of cross-contamination in food processing environments. Shiga toxin--producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 and O111:H8 are important foodbome pathogens capable of forming biofilms, and the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes has been detected in various food samples and in multiple commercial meat plants throughout the United States. Here, we investigated how the coexistence of these two STEC serotypes and their sequence of colonization could affect bacterial growth competition and mixed biofilm development. Our data showed that E. coli O157:H7 strains were able to maintain a higher cell percentage in mixed biofilms with the co-inoculated O111 :H8 companion strains, even though the results of planktonic growth competition were strain dependent. On solid surfaces with preexisting biofilms, the sequence of colonization played a critical role in determining the composition of the mixed biofilms because early stage precolonization significantly affected the competition results between the E. coli O157:H7 and O111:H8 strains. The precolonizer of either serotype was able to outgrow the other serotype in both planktonic and biofilm phases. The competitive interactions among the various STEC serotypes would determine the composition and structure of the mixed biofilms as well as their potential risks to food safety and public health, which is largely influenced by the dominant strains in the mixtures. Thus, the analysis of mixed biofilms under various conditions would be of importance to determine the nature of mixed biofilms composed of multiple microorganisms and to help implement the most effective disinfection operations accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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138. Genome sequencing and comparative genomics provides insights on the evolutionary dynamics and pathogenic potential of different H-serotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104.

Author

Xianghe Yan, Fratamico, Pina M., Bono, James L., Baranzoni, Gian Marco, and Chin-Yi Chen

Subjects
BACTERIAL genomes, ESCHERICHIA coli, SEROTYPES, NUCLEOTIDE sequence, COMPARATIVE genomics, MOBILE genetic elements
Abstract

Background: Various H-serotypes of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104, including H4, H7, H21, and H-, have been associated with sporadic cases of illness and have caused food-borne outbreaks globally. In the U.S., STEC O104:H21 caused an outbreak associated with milk in 1994. However, there is little known on the evolutionary origins of STEC O104 strains, and how genotypic diversity contributes to pathogenic potential of various O104 H-antigen serotypes isolated from different ecological niches and/or geographical regions. Results: Two STEC O104:H21 (milk outbreak strain) and O104:H7 (cattle isolate) strains were shot-gun sequenced, and the genomes were closed. The intimin (eae) gene, involved in the attaching-effacing phenotype of diarrheagenic E. coli, was not found in either strain. Examining various O104 genome sequences, we found that two "complete" left and right end portions of the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island were present in 13 O104 strains; however, the central portion of LEE was missing, where the eae gene is located. In O104:H4 strains, the missing central portion of the LEE locus was replaced by a pathogenicity island carrying the aidA (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) gene and antibiotic resistance genes commonly carried on plasmids. Enteroaggregative E. coli-specific virulence genes and European outbreak O104:H4-specific stx2-encoding Escherichia P1 3374 or Escherichia TL-2011 c bacteriophages were missing in some of the O104:H4 genome sequences available from public databases. Most of the genomic variations in the strains examined were due to the presence of different mobile genetic elements, including prophages and genomic island regions. The presence of plasmids carrying virulence-associated genes may play a role in the pathogenic potential of O104 strains. Conclusions: The two strains sequenced in this study (O104:H21 and O104:H7) are genetically more similar to each other than to the O104:H4 strains that caused an outbreak in Germany in 2011 and strains found in Central Africa. A hypothesis on strain evolution and pathogenic potential of various H-serotypes ofE. coli O104 strains is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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143. Clonal Polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi Strain B31 MI: Implications for Mutagenesis in an Infectious Strain Background

Author

Elias, Abdallah F., primary, Stewart, Philip E., additional, Grimm, Dorothee, additional, Caimano, Melissa J., additional, Eggers, Christian H., additional, Tilly, Kit, additional, Bono, James L., additional, Akins, Darrin R., additional, Radolf, Justin D., additional, Schwan, Tom G., additional, and Rosa, Patricia, additional

Published
2002
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145. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of the Big Six Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coliStrains from Food Animals and Humans

Author

Beier, Ross C., Franz, Eelco, Bono, James L., Mandrell, Robert E., Fratamico, Pina M., Callaway, Todd R., Andrews, Kathleen, Poole, Toni L., Crippen, Tawni L., Sheffield, Cynthia L., Anderson, Robin C., and Nisbet, David J.

Abstract

The disinfectant and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 138 non-O157 Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia colistrains (STECs) from food animals and humans were determined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was moderate (39.1% of strains) in response to 15 antimicrobial agents. Animal strains had a lower AMR prevalence (35.6%) than did human strains (43.9%) but a higher prevalence of the resistance profile GEN-KAN-TET. A decreasing prevalence of AMR was found among animal strains from serogroups O45 > O145 > O121 > O111 > O26 > O103 and among human strains from serogroups O145 > O103 > O26 > O111 > O121 > O45. One animal strain from serogroups O121 and O145 and one human strain from serogroup O26 had extensive drug resistance. A high prevalence of AMR in animal O45 and O121 strains and no resistance or a low prevalence of resistance in human strains from these serogroups suggests a source other than food animals for human exposure to these strains. Among the 24 disinfectants evaluated, all strains were susceptible to triclosan. Animal strains had a higher prevalence of resistance to chlorhexidine than did human strains. Both animal and human strains had a similar low prevalence of low-level benzalkonium chloride resistance, and animal and human strains had similar susceptibility profiles for most other disinfectants. Benzyldimethylammonium chlorides and C10AC were the primary active components in disinfectants DC&R and P-128, respectively, against non-O157 STECs. A disinfectant FS512 MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml was more prevalent among animal O121 strains (61.5%) than among human O121 strains (25%), which may also suggest a source of human exposure to STEC O121 other than food animals. Bacterial inhibition was not dependent solely on pH but was correlated with the presence of dissociated organic acid species and some undissociated acids.

Published
2016
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147. Lineage and Genogroup-Defining Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Author

Woo Kyung Jung, Bono, James L., Clawson, Michael L., Leopold, Shana R., Shringi, Smriti, and Besser, Thomas E.

Subjects
*ESCHERICHIA coli, *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, *CATTLE diseases, *ANIMAL diseases, *LINEAGE, *NUCLEOTIDE sequence, *GENETICS
Abstract

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic human pathogen for which cattle are an important reservoir host. Using both previously published and new sequencing data, a 48-locus single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing panel was developed that redundantly identified 11 genogroups that span six of the eight lineages recently described for E. coli O157:H7 (J. L. Bono, T. P. Smith, J. E. Keen, G. P. Harhay, T. G. McDaneld, R. E. Mandrell, W. K. Jung, T. E. Besser, P. Gerner-Smidt, M. Bielaszewska, H. Karch, M. L. Clawson, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29:2047-2062, 2012) and additionally defined subgroups within four of those lineages. This assay was applied to 530 isolates from human and bovine sources. The SNP-based lineage groups were concordant with previously identified E. coli O157:H7 genotypes identified by other methods and were strongly associated with carriage of specific Stx genes. Two SNP lineages (Ia and Vb) were disproportionately represented among cattle isolates, and three others (IIa, Ib, and IIb) were disproportionately represented among human clinical isolates. This 48-plex SNP assay efficiently and economically identifies biologically relevant lineages within E. coli O157:H7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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148. Outbreak investigation: STEC 0157

Author

Durso, Lisa, Maguire, Hugh, Cronquist, Alicia, and Bono, James L.

Subjects
Disease transmission -- Health aspects -- Social aspects -- Investigations, Escherichia coli -- Health aspects -- Social aspects -- Research, Company legal issue, Business, Health care industry
Abstract

Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) is a zoonotic pathogen. Although it is most frequently thought of as a foodborne pathogen, it can also be transmitted via environmental reservoirs (1) [...]

Published
2010

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