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Objective Prematurity and low birth weight predispose preterm infants to cardiovascular disease in later life. Is the metabolic profile of these children impacted by the relation between birth weight and gestational age (GA)? This study aimed to evaluate whether the relationship between birth weight and GA of preterm infants has a positive correlation with the metabolic profile from birth to the sixth month of corrected age. Subjects and methods This is a longitudinal, prospective study with a cohort of 70 preterm and 54 term infants, who were enrolled in the study and shared into two groups: Appropriate for GA (AGA) and Small for GA (SGA), both classified at birth by Fenton and Kim curves. Longitudinal evaluation of anthropometry measures and blood samples of total cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, and insulin were collected at birth, NICU discharge, and the sixth month of corrected age. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (ANOVA, Fisher test, Shapiro-Wilk, and Cochran test). The effect size was 0.15, power was 0.92, and confidence interval 95%. Results No significant statistical differences were observed in relation to biochemical tests between AGA and SGA groups. However, a significant increase in triglyceride results above the reference values for age in the SGA group was observed throughout the follow-up. Conclusions Changes observed in the preterm infant metabolic profile show no correlation with adequacy of birth weight. Preterm lipid profile requires continuous evaluation at follow-up, due to the increased cardiovascular risk in later life.

Maternal obesity increases the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in offspring. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYBG) is effective for achieving weight loss and ameliorates NAFLD. To determine whether these benefits are maintained after pregnancy and/or lactation, and whether they modulate hepatic morphofunction in the next generation, we evaluated hepatic lipid metabolism in Western diet (WD)-obese female rats that underwent RYGB and in their F1 offspring at adulthood. Female Wistar rats consumed a WD from 21 to 130 days of age, before being submitted to RYGB (WD-RYGB-F0) or SHAM (WD-SHAM-F0) operations. After 5 weeks, these females were mated with control male breeders, and the male and female F1 offspring were identified as WD-RYGB-F1 and WD-SHAM-F1. WD-RYGB-F0 dams exhibited lower serum lipids levels, but severe hepatic steatosis and pathological features of advanced liver injury. The hepatic proteins involved in lipogenesis were reduced in WD-RYGB-F0, as were the genes related to β-oxidation and bile acids (BAs). Although the female and male WD-RYGB-F1 groups did not exhibit hepatic steatosis, the livers of female WD-RYGB-F1 demonstrated higher amounts of lipogenic genes and proteins, while male WD-RYGB-F1 presented a similar downregulation of lipogenic factors to that seen in WD-RYGB-F0 dams. In contrast, maternal and offspring groups of both sexes displayed reductions in the expressions of genes involved in BAs physiology and gluconeogenesis. As such, RYGB aggravates NAFLD after pregnancy and lactation and induces a gender-dependent differential expression of the hepatic lipogenesis pathway in offspring, indicating that female WD-RYGB-F1 may be an increased risk of developing NAFLD.

Patients with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) experience important lifestyle changes that impair the quality of life (QoL). The use of instruments is important to assess the cancer patients' QoL. To develop a Brazilian translation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Colorectal Liver Metastases (QLQ-LMC21) questionnaire, and to investigate psychometric validity in patients with CRC with liver metastases, patients with liver metastasis from CRC answered the Brazilian versions of EORTC core Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and the QLQ-LMC21 module, a demographic data questionnaire and a questionnaire to assess understanding against the translated QLQ-LMC21. Data collection was performed in three Southern hospitals in Brazil, from August 2017 to August 2019. Descriptive analyses and Spearman's correlation tests were performed for construct and criterion validity. The Cronbach's alpha test was performed to assess reliability. Significant values were

Background: The occurrence of chromosomal diseases is a worldwide health problem. The use of agrochemicals, urbanization processes, and solar radiation can be predictive factors of the elevated risk of congenital malformations. In this sense, predicting the geographical potential of the distribution of chromosomal diseases has high relevance for public health. Objectives: This study aimed to describe chromosomal prevalence in Brazil regions, from 2005 to 2015, to model a potential distribution of chromosomal disease occurrence probability associated with land use. Methods: We used chromosomal prevalence to model a potential distribution of chromosomal diseases using machine learning algorithms. As the predictors of the models, we used the variables global forest canopy height, distance from the built-up area, and solar radiation. We characterized the predictive areas as potential occurrence of chromosomal diseases by land use and occupation. Results: Georeferenced data of 43,672 karyotypes detected 7,237 cases of chromosomal diseases and used 5,362 to build the models. The models generated were accurate (TSS>0.5). Discussion: The areas with greater occurrence of chromosomal diseases present a significant association with pasture areas, crops and agroforestry systems, and urbanized areas. This research is the first Brazilian study with this approach that seems promising in predicting the potential distribution of chromosomal diseases. Therefore, it can be an excellent management tool in public health.

Objective: To characterize the production related to the insertion of Intrauterine Devices by doctors and nurses in a low-risk maternity hospital. Method: Cross-sectional exploratory research, with retrospective collection of secondary data from medical records of women who received the device in a low-risk maternity hospital in Curitiba, Paraná, over 12 months. Data collected between October/2017 to March/2018 that underwent descriptive analysis and Chi-square test. Results: Of the 828 insertions, there was a significant difference between women who received the IUD at the Obstetric Center (247) and Ambulatory (571) in terms of the expulsion rate (p = 0.00001), with a greater chance of expulsion in the immediate postpartum period (Odds ratio 8.73), there was no significant difference between nurses (481) and doctors (347) (p = 0.07), however, more chance of expulsion when the doctor was (Odds ratio 3.60). The main complications were dysmenorrhea and vaginosis. Conclusion: The insertion of the IUD in the ambulatory by the nurse proved to be as safe as by the doctor. RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción referente a la inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos por parte de médicos y enfermeras en un hospital de maternidad de riesgo habitual. Método: investigación exploratoria transversal, con recopilación retrospectiva de datos secundarios de registros médicos de mujeres que recibieron el dispositivo en un hospital de maternidad de riesgo habitual en Curitiba, Paraná, durante 12 meses. Datos recopilados entre octubre/2017 a marzo/2018 que se sometieron a un análisis descriptivo y prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: De las 828 inserciones, hubo una diferencia significativa entre las mujeres que recibieron el DIU en el Centro de Obstetricia (247) y Ambulatorio (571) en términos de la tasa de expulsión (p = 0.00001), con una mayor probabilidad de expulsión en el período posparto inmediato (Odds ratio 8.73), no hubo diferencias significativas entre enfermeras (481) y médicos (347) (p = 0.07), sin embargo, hubo más posibilidades de expulsión cuando era médico (Odds ratio 3.60). Las principales complicaciones fueron dismenorrea y vaginosis. Conclusión: la inserción del DIU en el ambulatorio por parte de la enfermera resultó ser tan segura como la realizada por el médico. RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção referente a inserção de Dispositivos Intrauterinos por médicos e enfermeiros em uma maternidade de risco habitual. Método: Pesquisa exploratória transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados secundários de prontuários de mulheres que receberam o dispositivo em maternidade de risco habitual em Curitiba, Paraná, ao longo de 12 meses. Dados coletados entre outubro/2017 a março/2018 que passaram por análise descritiva e Teste Qui quadrado. Resultados: Das 828 inserções, existiu diferença significativa entre mulheres que receberam o DIU no Centro Obstétrico (247) e Ambulatório (571) quanto a taxa de expulsão (p= 0,00001), existindo mais chance de expulsão no pós-parto imediato (Odds ratio 8,73), não existiu diferença significativa entre enfermeiros (481) e médicos (347) (p=0,07), contudo, mais chance de expulsão quando foi o médico (Odds ratio 3,60). As principais intercorrências foram dismenorréia e vaginose. Conclusão: A inserção do DIU no ambulatório pelo enfermeiro se demonstrou tão segura quanto pelo médico.

Edible films and coatings can provide a protective barrier against physical and mechanical damage, as well as create a controlled atmosphere, by acting as a semipermeable barrier for gases, vapor, and water. These films and coatings also offer the possibility of incorporating different functional ingredients. Nevertheless, the incorporation of these functional compounds is not always easy and new technologies are needed for successful incorporation. One of the possibilities is the use of micro and nanoencapsulation technologies that could help in adding the functional compounds by improving their stability and dispersibility, and at the same time decrease the adverse effects that they can have on the properties of films and coatings. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive review of the use of edible films and coatings for the incorporation of functional ingredients for food applications.

Objectives: to assess/correlate health-related quality of life with the social dimension of hematopoietic, autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplant patients in the three years post-transplant. Methods: longitudinal, observational study with 55 patients, in a reference hospital in Latin America, from September 2013 to February 2019, using the Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core and Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy Bone Marrow Transplantation. Results: A total of 71% underwent allogeneic transplantation. The social dimension had low averages since the baseline stage (55, 21) and low scores (56) for quality of life in pancytopenia. There was a significant positive correlation between social dimension, quality of life in pancytopenia (p0.36/0.86). Conclusions: patients with better assessments in the social dimension have a better quality of life. Interventions focusing on the multidimensionality of the quality of life construct are necessary. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar/correlacionar la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud con el ámbito social de pacientes trasplantados de células madre hematopoyéticas, autólogas y alogénicas, tres años post trasplante. Métodos: se trata de un estudio longitudinal, observacional, llevado a cabo en un hospital referencial de América Latina con 55 pacientes entre septiembre de 2013 y febrero de 2019, utilizando la Escala de Calidad de Vida-Núcleo y la Evaluación funcional de la terapia del cáncer: trasplante de médula ósea. Resultados: el 71% realizó un trasplante alogénico; el ámbito social presentó promedios bajos desde la etapa inicial (55, 21) y puntuaciones bajas (56) en cuanto a la calidad de vida en la pancitopenia. Se observó una correlación positiva significativa entre el ámbito social, la calidad de vida en la pancitopenia (p0,36/0,86). Conclusiones: aquellos pacientes con mejor evaluación en el ámbito social presentan mejor calidad de vida. Es necesario realizar intervenciones que se centren en la multidimensionalidad de la construcción de la calidad de vida. RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar/correlacionar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde com o domínio social de pacientes transplantados de células-tronco hematopoéticas, autólogo e alogênico, nos três anos pós-transplante. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, observacional, com 55 pacientes, num hospital referência da América Latina, de setembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2019, com o Quality of Life Questionnarie-Core e Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy Bone Marrow Transplantation. Resultados: 71% realizaram transplante alogênico. O domínio social apresentou médias baixas desde a etapa basal (55, 21) e escores baixos (56) para a qualidade de vida na pancitopenia. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre domínio social, qualidade de vida na pancitopenia (p0,36/0,86). Conclusões: pacientes com melhor avaliação no domínio social apresentam melhor qualidade de vida. Intervenções com foco na multidimensionalidade do constructo qualidade de vida são necessárias.

Around the world, many schools were closed as one of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. School closure brought about important challenges to the students' learning process. This context requires strong self-regulatory competences and agency for autonomous learning. Moreover, online remote learning was the main alternative response to classroom learning, which increased the inequalities between students with and without access to technological resources or for those with low digital literacy. All considered, to level the playing field for students without digital resources, there is an urgent need to promote self-regulatory competences through offline intervention solutions. The current paper describes a project with this purpose, using radio broadcasting and letters to reach elementary students without digital resources. Moreover, potential reach and participants' perspectives of the project implementation are presented and discussed. The project draws on a prior evidence-based story-tool intervention grounded on a self-regulated learning framework. The original intervention was set previous to the COVID-19 pandemic and was implemented in the classroom context (N= 1,103 students). Once the schools had been closed down, the mode of intervention was adapted with the collaboration of the community. Alternative solutions were developed as follows: (i) story chapters were read on the radio and students received to their homes a printed script, prompting reflection, and suggesting related activities; (ii) students were provided with the story-tool to read autonomously and received letters from the main characters of the story which included, for example, suggestions for activities and reflection. These two alternative modes of intervention delivery potentially reached 394 elementary students, including students with digital resources. Interviews conducted with a group of students were provided information about the positive aspects of these two modes of intervention delivery, perceived learning (e.g., planning), constraints, and suggestions to improve the project. The current work is likely to merit attention from researchers and educational practitioners, given the need to use offline alternatives to provide support for students without digital resources to engage in autonomous learning during the pandemic period. This project may also be used as an alternative or a complementary solution to online modality.

Objectives: evaluate the effects that whole-body vibration (WBV) causes on the neuromuscular junctions and oxidative stress of the soleus muscle of obese Wistar rats. Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were used, 16 of which were obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, randomized into four groups: control (GC), control with WBV (GCP), obese (GO) and obese with WBV (GOP). At the 70 days old, the training on WBV was started, performed 3 times a week, during 8 consecutive weeks. At the 130 days old, the animals were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected. Results: Regarding the analysis of the neuromuscular junctions, the obese groups had lower mean size when compared to the control groups. On the other hand, the WBV presented higher averages when compared to the groups that did not perform the training. Regarding the oxidative stress, for the lipid peroxidation there was a significant difference between obese and non-obese animals, however, there was no difference between the animals WBV and those who did not. Conclusion: WBV promotes beneficial changes such as increased measurements of the structures of the neuromuscular junctions, but is not able to promote changes in the concentration of the cholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft.

[Excerto] A pandemia COVID-19 desarrumou as nossas vidas sem aviso prévio. A chegada repentina trouxe inúmeros desafios pessoais e sociais com impacto significativo na vida das pessoas e dos contextos. As medidas contra a propagação do vírus (e.g., o encerramento das escolas, teletrabalho) trouxeram mudanças significativas para a vida das famílias. Por exemplo, a noção de casa foi resignificada abruptamente. A ideia de casa como lugar de abrigo das famílias, locus privilegiado para o estabelecimento de laços e desenvolvimento pessoal e de lazer em família, incorporou uma componente profissional. Em muitas casas entrou a sala de aula e o escritório sem a necessária preparação. Muitas casas, muitas vidas familiares, converteram-se em escola a tempo inteiro partilhada com escritório(s) profissional(is) trabalhando a tempo inteiro. Esta mudança brusca de práticas sobrecarregou as famílias, já de si preocupadas e ocupadas em responder às exigências sanitárias da pandemia. [...]

Introduction: With the suspension of classroom teaching activities in the countrydue to the Covid-19 pandemic, such activities have been developed throughonline platforms, synchronously and remotely. Objective: To evaluate and reportthe experience of remote and synchronous activity in the postgraduate program,in a workshop format on interdisciplinarity in the health area. Method: Qualiquantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out in a statehigh education institution. In this activity, 28 postgraduate students, enrolled inmaster’s and doctoral degrees, took part of that. Data were collected througha Google® form, made available to students in the Microsoft Teams virtualroom, after each activity, and / or sent by WhatsApp®. Quantitative data wereanalyzed considering domains of structure, process, and result, using descriptivestatistics and qualitative data by content analysis. Results: In the domain ofstructure, the quality of access, remote access equipment and the environmentwere identified. In the domain of process, the interaction, participation, anddynamics of the workshop were adequate. However, there were difficultiesregarding the skills while using the digital media. In the domain of results, theunderstanding of the explored contents was achieved. In the qualitative analysis,the category “evaluation of the activities carried out in the workshop on healthinterdisciplinarity” presents the results including: expectations regarding theactivity; favorable and unfavorable aspects of the meetings; experienced feelings;and, assessment of meeting expectations. Conclusion: The teaching activity inremote and synchronous format was positively evaluated by the participants.Their assessment considered the robust planning, pedagogical strategies forthe knowledge construction, based on synchronous dialogic interactions, andexchange of experiences among the involved ones. Keywords: Covid-19. Interdisciplinary placement. Interdisciplinarycommunication. Health human resource training. Distance learning Introdução: Com a suspensão das atividades presenciais de ensino no paísdevido a pandemia de Covid-19, tem-se desenvolvido tais atividades pormeio de plataformas on-line, de forma síncrona e remota. Objetivo: Avaliare relatar a experiência de atividade remota e síncrona na pós-graduaçãostricto sensu, na modalidade de workshop sobre interdisciplinaridade naárea da saúde. Método: Estudo quali-quantitativo, descritivo e transversal,realizado em instituição pública de ensino superior. Integraram a atividade 28 pós-graduandos matriculados em mestrado e doutorado. A coletade dados ocorreu por meio de formulário do Google®, disponibilizado aosalunos na sala virtual Microsoft Teams, após cada atividade e/ou enviadopor WhatsApp®. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados considerandodomínios de estrutura, processo e resultado, por meio de estatística descritiva e os qualitativos por análise de conteúdo. Resultados: No domínio deestrutura, identifi cou-se a qualidade do acesso e equipamentos de acessoremoto e do ambiente. No domínio de processo, interação, participação edinâmica do workshop foram adequadas e houve difi culdade nas habilidades de uso da mídia digital. No domínio de resultados, a compreensão dosconteúdos explorados foi atingida. Na análise qualitativa, a categoria “avaliação das atividades realizadas no workshop sobre interdisciplinaridade naárea da saúde” incluiu expectativas quanto a atividade; aspectos favoráveise desfavoráveis dos encontros; sentimentos vivenciados e avaliação quanto ao atendimento das expectativas. Conclusão: A atividade de ensino namodalidade remota e síncrona foi avaliada positivamente pelos participantes, relacionado ao planejamento robusto, estratégias pedagógicas para aconstrução do conhecimento, a partir de interações dialógicas síncronas etrocas de experiências entre os envolvidos. Palavras-chave: Covid-19. Práticas interdisciplinares. Comunicaçãointerdisciplinar. Capacitação de recursos humanos em saúde. Ensinoà distância.

Alterations in the circadian cycle are known to cause physiological disorders in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes in adult individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether exposure of pregnant rats to constant light can alter the reproductive system development of male offspring. The dams were divided into two groups: a light–dark group (LD), in which pregnant rats were exposed to an LD photoperiod (12 h/12 h) and a light–light (LL) group, in which pregnant rats were exposed to a photoperiod of constant light during the gestation period. After birth, offspring from both groups remained in the normal LD photoperiod (12 h/12 h) until adulthood. One male of each litter was selected and, at adulthood (postnatal day (PND) 90), the trunk blood was collected to measure plasma testosterone levels, testes and epididymis for sperm count, oxidative stress and histopathological analyses, and the spermatozoa from the vas deferens to perform the morphological and motility analyses. Results showed that a photoperiod of constant light caused a decrease in testosterone levels, epididymal weight and sperm count in the epididymis, seminiferous tubule diameter, Sertoli cell number, and normal spermatozoa number. Histopathological damage was also observed in the testes, and stereological alterations, in the LL group. In conclusion, exposure to constant light during the gestational period impairs the reproductive system of male offspring in adulthood.

Background: The hip abductor muscles, primarily the gluteus medius, play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis during gait. Gluteus medius weakness is associated with biomechanical changes and musculoskeletal disorders. Obese individuals can have great difficulty maintaining abductor muscular function due to being overweight and possibly experiencing a decrease in muscle mass. However, it is still unclear whether the musculature of obese individuals can compensate for these changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare gluteus medius strength between obese and normal-weight individuals using a digital hand-held dynamometer.Methods: Twenty-five obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2) participants were matched for sex, age, and height with normal-weight individuals. Gluteus medius strength was measured by a single examiner using a belt-stabilized hand-held digital dynamometer placed on the knee of the individuals positioned in lateral decubitus. Three measurements were recorded with rest intervals, and only the highest value measured for each limb was used for analysis. The differences between pairs were calculated, and the normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05). The matrices of the variables were standardized and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA).Results: For the strength variables (Newtons) on both sides, no significant differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in these variables between the groups (p < 0.05) when the measurements were normalized to body weight (Newtons/kilograms). PCA indicated that both the absolute and normalized values of strength are lower in obese than in normal-weight individuals.Conclusions: These findings indicate that obese individuals have the same or less strength (PCA) to move more mass, which may suggest a relative weakness that induces functional limitations.Trial registration: The study was approved by the UNIOESTE Human Research Ethics Committee (#1.180.202) in July 2015.

Financial toxicity is a side effect of cancer treatment showing the financial burden experienced by cancer patients for funding their treatment. An instrument for its evaluation can contribute towards the creation of coping strategies. In Brazil, a developing country, cancer patients certainly feel the effects of this serious adverse event, however, the discussion on the theme and research concerning these issues is scarce and an instrument for evaluation can help in the promotion of coping strategies. Thus, the study objective was to: 1) translate and adapt the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) questionnaire to Brazilian culture and 2) evaluate the COST psychometric properties in Brazil. Thus, a methodological study was developed in two stages. In the first stage, the translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed, and in the second stage, two groups of participants were recruited to evaluate the psychometric properties. In the first stage, 21 individuals participated, including translators and cancer patients, and in the second stage, 126 patients participated who were undergoing cancer treatment. For validation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were performed to verify internal consistency. For the first stage's outcome, the pre-test Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. The EFA and CFA carried out in the second stage of the study revealed that the COST Brazilian version measures a single construct with a value of-χ2/gl = 179.78, comparative fit index = 0.00, Parsimony goodness of fit index = 0.302, root mean square error of approximation = 1.196 and p-value of close fit = 0.000. When comparing the average of the COST score and the standard deviation of the two samples, the significance value was p = 0.001. Therefore, it is possible to confirm that the COST is a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure the financial toxicity of cancer patients in Brazil.

Objective: to evaluate the criterion validity and reliability of the Portuguese-Brazilian version of the Wound Quality of Life. Methods: methodological research with 100 participants. For criterion and reliability validation, the items in the Wound Quality of Life questionnaires were correlated with the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound - Wound Version, using the Spearman correlation test and Cronbach’s alpha. Results: the validity of concurrent criteria had a strong magnitude (0.85) when correlated with the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound; the internal consistency had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84. Conclusion: the validated questionnaire has good psychometric properties, is brief, easy to apply and reliable for assessing the quality of life of patients with wounds that are difficult to heal. Objetivo: avaliar a validade de critério e confiabilidade do Wound Quality of Life versão português-Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa metodológica com 100 participantes. Para a validação de critério e confiabilidade, foram correlacionados os itens dos questionários Wound Quality of Life com o Freiburg LifeQualityAssessment Wound – Versão Ferida, utilizando o teste de correlação de Spearman e o alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: a validade de critério concorrente teve forte magnitude (0,85) quando correlacionada com o Freiburg LifeQualityAssessment Wound; a consistência interna teve um alfa de Cronbach de 0,84. Conclusão: o questionário validado apresentou boas propriedades psicométricas, é breve, de fácil aplicação e confiável para avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes com feridas de difícil cicatrização.

Background Among the Lepidoptera with medical importance in Brazil, larvae of Lonomia moth (Saturniidae: Hemileucinae) stand out by being the etiological agent of the lonomism, a form of erucism in which the most troubling symptoms include systemic hemorrhage that can lead to death. Methods This study provides an epidemiological overview of accident notifications with Lonomia registered by the Brazilian Reportable Disease Information System (SINAN) between 2007 and 2018. The categories of sociodemographic aspects of the victim, accident characteristics, and clinical data (6,636 records) were analysed by the chi-square test for goodness of fit (α=0.05). By the same test, accident frequencies by month, year, and state were also compared. To explore the spatial distribution of notifications and to identify significant space-time and purely spatial clusters, a spatial scan statistic (SaTScan) was used. Results The epidemiological profile of most of the victims had at least one of the following characteristics: male, >50 y of age, ethnically classified as white, and with a low level of education. Accidents in urban areas were as frequent as in rural areas. A higher frequency of non-work-related accidents was detected. Victims were mostly stung on the upper limbs. Most victims received medical care within the first 3 h after the accident. Most cases were classified as mild, although 12 deaths were reported. The south states of Brazil concentrate the highest frequencies of notifications. Summer was the season with the greatest number of cases, and the majority of the notifications occurred between 2017 and 2018. Conclusion These results provide an overall and current situation assessment of the lonomism in Brazil, and they should enable health authorities to improve the management of this envenomation in states/regions that share the high epidemiological risk of exposure to Lonomia.

Background: The hip abductor muscles play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis during gait, with its main function being performed by the gluteus medius. Gluteus medius insufficiency is associated with biomechanical alterations and musculoskeletal disorders. Due to being overweight and a possible muscle mass decrease, maintaining the abductor muscular function can be a great challenge for the obese. However, it is still unclear whether the musculature of obese individuals manages to compensate for these alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the gluteus medius strength between obese and normal weight individuals using a digital hand-held dynamometer.Methods: Twenty-five obese (BMI > 35 kg / m2) participated in the study, being matched in gender, age, and height with normal weight individuals. The gluteus medius strength was measured by a single examiner using a belt-stabilized hand-held digital dynamometer on the knee of individuals positioned in lateral decubitus. Three measurements were recorded with rest intervals, considering only the highest value measured for each limb for analysis. The difference between pairs was calculated and the data distribution pattern was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05), and the matrices of the variables were standardized and analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA).Results: For the strength variables (Newtons) on both sides, no statistical differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). However, statistical differences were detected in these variables between the groups (p < 0.05) when normalizing the measurements in relation to individuals' weights (Newtons / kilograms). The PCA indicates that both strength in absolute values and normalized by weight are reduced in obese individuals.Conclusions: These findings indicate that obese individuals have the same or lower strength (PCA) to move more mass, which may suggest a relative weakness that induces functional limitation.Trial registration: The study was approved by the UNIOESTE Human Research Ethics Committee (#1.180.202) in July 2015.

Fungal contamination of food is responsible for health issues and food waste. In this work, the incorporation of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with antifungal properties (Lactobacillus buchneri UTAD104) into whey protein-based films and coatings was tested for the control of an ochratoxigenic fungi (Penicillium nordicum) in a cheese matrix. The incorporation of L. buchneri cells resulted in thicker films with less luminosity than control films and colour alteration. Nevertheless, cells inclusion did not alter moisture content, water vapour permeability, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity and chemical structure of the films. Whey protein films were able to maintain the viability of L. buchneri UTAD104 cells in 105 CFU/mL after 30 days of storage at 25 \textdegreeC. When applied in cheese, films and coatings containing L. buchneri cells prevented fungal contamination for at least 30 days, while control cheeses with films and coatings either without LAB or with Lactobacillus casei UM3 (a strain without antifungal ability) showed fungal contamination during that period. Ochratoxin A was not found in cheeses treated with films and coatings containing L. buchneri UTAD104. Results showed that the inclusion of a LAB with antifungal properties in edible films and coatings can help to reduce or eliminate P. nordicum contamination in cheeses., This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Ana Guimarães received support through grant SFRH/BD/103245/2014 from the Portuguese FCT., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This protocol presents the sampling methodology of benthic macroinvertebrates. It was developed in two steps. The first, called "sampling of macroinvertebrates" refers to field collections. The second, "preparing samples of macroinvertebrates" involves laboratory processing, sorting of samples, identification and storage of the organisms. This protocol was described for sampling, which uses Surber sampler. It is indicated for use in streams of up to 3rd order (small size). We improved the sampling design, using different categories of bottom substrate (fine, coarse and leaf litter) as sampling units. The sampling took into account the criterion of a minimum distance of 5 m between each sample substrate, to eliminate dependence on the dataset.

Skeletal muscle histopathological changes induced or caused by pathologies in animal models, can impair functionality, being the main focus of therapeutic studies. This study aimed to propose a histopathological index to assess, in a quantitative manner, skeletal muscle changes induced by experimental protocols for Rodentia's models. For the development, evaluation of fit and parsimony, replicability, and sensitivity index, Wistar rats from experiments with the same experimental design, but with different variation factors, were used to achieve different levels of damage. The anterior tibial muscle of these animals was collected, processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The adjustment and parsimony of the index were availed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reproducibility for evaluation of three people trained through the Intra-Class Correlation, and the discrimination capacity through a one-way ANOVA Test. We pointed out the adjustment for the proposed index while the ICC showed high reproducibility (n = 56; k = 3; ICC = 0.9790) and differences in the extent of damage between groups, following the hierarchical association promoted by experimental model stresses. The results show that the proposed index has a good fit and parsimony (χ

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pop dance exergaming protocol on fall risk factors-depressive symptoms, fear of falling, and musculoskeletal function-in community-dwelling older female fallers and nonfallers. There were 47 community-dwelling older women assigned to the intervention group (IG) [fallers (n = 10, 69.8 ± 4.3 years); nonfallers (n = 12, 68.9 ± 3.3 years)] and the control group (CG) [fallers (n = 12, 73.6 ± 5.4 years); nonfallers (n = 13, 68.7 ± 4.8 years)]. The CG maintained their lifestyle and the IG performed a videogame dance training three times per week for 12 weeks. The Dance Central game for Xbox 360

Ana Guimaraes received support through grant SFRH/BD/ 103245/2014 from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). Luis Abrunhosa was supported by grant UMINHO/BPD/51/2015 from project UID/BIO/04469/2013 financed by FCT/MEC (OE). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684), and of BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER000004) funded by European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Vectors used in Figure were designed by Freepik.

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e descrever o perfil sociodemográfico, antropométrico, pressórico, glicêmico e lipídico de adolescentes nascidos a termo e pré-termo. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de desenho transversal, associado a análise de dados primários e secundários. A amostragem foi por conveniência, composta por 150 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos de idade, nascidos a termo, e 50 adolescentes nascidos prematuros. Realizaram-se entrevistas e avaliação física dos adolescentes (aferição da pressão arterial, mensuração antropométrica, circunferência abdominal e coleta de sangue por punção capilar para exames de glicose, colesterol total e triglicerídeos). Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste de Qui-quadrado para independência (α=0,05). A maioria dos adolescentes tinha idade entre 10 a 13 anos e autorreferidos como brancos. Os pais apresentavam 7 a 12 anos de estudo e possuíam vínculo empregatício. O consumo alimentar mais saudável foi detectado entre os adolescentes prematuros, com aleitamento materno acima de seis meses para maioria em ambos os grupos. Foi identificado realização de atividades físicas com frequência inadequada. A maioria é composta por indivíduos eutróficos, contudo, 34% dos nascidos a termo e 30% dos prematuros estavam com sobrepeso ou obesos. Não foram verificadas diferenças entre os perfis antropométrico, pressórico e glicêmico entre os grupos.

N2O-production was investigated during nitrogen removal using aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. A pilot sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with AGS achieved an effluent in accordance with national discharge limits, although presented a nitrite accumulation rate of 95.79% with no simultaneous nitrification–denitrification. N2O production was 2.06 mg L−1 during the anoxic phase, with N2O emission during air pulses and the aeration phase of 1.6% of the nitrogen loading rate. Batch tests with AGS from the pilot reactor verified that at the greatest COD/N ratio (1.55), the N2O production (1.08 mgN2O-N L−1) and consumption (up to 0.05 mgN2O-N L−1), resulted in the lowest remaining dissolved N2O (0.03 mgN2O-N L−1), stripping the minimum N2O gas (0.018 mgN2O-N L−1). Conversely, the carbon supply shortage, under low C/N ratios, increased N2O emission (0.040 mgN2O-N L−1), due to incomplete denitrification. High abundance of ammonia-oxidizing and low abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were found, corroborating the fact of partial nitrification. A denitrifying heterotrophic community, represented mainly by Pseudoxanthomonas, was predominant in the AGS. Overall, the AGS showed stable partial nitrification ability representing capital and operating cost savings. The SBR operation flexibility could be advantageous for controlling N2O emissions, and extending the anoxic phase would benefit complete denitrification in cases of low C/N influents.

Introduction: Diplegic children have difficulties in gait and therefore ramps are used as strategies of accessibility. Objective: The present study investigated the influence of an inclined surface (ascending and descending) on the kinematic characteristics during gait of the diplegic group (DG) when compared to typically developing children of the control group (CG). Methods: Study participants included 20 children (10 with DG and 10 CG) matched by age, which were evaluated in three experimental conditions (horizontal and inclined ascending and inclined descending surfaces of 7º) through an optoelectronic imaging system. Results: Among the linear kinematic variables, only step width differed among groups, however, without influence of the surface. The foot height differed among the groups only in the descending phase, where DG had greater difficulty in raising the foot. The 3-dimensional gait analyses could not provide more evidences of differences in kinematics variables, especially in transverse plane, between DG and CG, but provide some evidence to support that hip range of motion (ROM) during the gait cycle, hip flexion-extension in initial contact, knee ROM and the 2nd anterior-posterior trunk peak amplitude of the DG were influenced on descent by their flexor pattern. Conclusion: The DG was most affected by the inclination plane than CG especially on descent. Although a hip and knee flexor pattern is evident for DG on inclination of 7º, this angle is accessible since it allows independent gait functional activity. Resumo Introdução: Crianças com diplegia apresentam dificuldades na marcha e rampas são utilizadas como estratégia de acessibilidade. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou a influência da superfície inclinada (subida e descida) sobre as variáveis cinemáticas durante a marcha no grupo com diplegia (GD) comparado ao grupo de crianças com desenvolvimento típico no grupo controle (GC). Métodos: Participaram do estudo 20 crianças (10 GD e 10 GC) pareadas por idade, as quais foram avaliadas em 3 condições experimentais (horizontal, subida e descida de 7º) por meio de um sistema de imagem optoeletrônico. Resultados: Nas variáveis cinemáticas lineares apenas o comprimento do passo diferiu entre os grupos sem influência da inclinação do plano. A altura do pé diferiu entre os grupos na descida, com maior dificuldade do GD em elevar o pé. A análise tridimensional da marcha não permitiu identificar diferenças cinemáticas no plano transverso entre GD e GC, mas identificou que a ADM de quadril durante o ciclo de marcha, flexo-extensão de joelho no contato inicial, ADM de joelho e o 2º pico de amplitude de movimento (ADM) ântero-posterior de tronco do GD foram influenciadas na descida devido ao padrão flexor desse grupo. Conclusão: O GD foi mais afetado que o GC, especialmente na descida. Embora sejam evidenciados padrões de flexão de quadril e joelhos do GD na inclinação de 7º, essa angulação é acessível ao permitir marcha funcional independente.

Background Despite the enormous investment governments allocate to fight obesity, its worldwide prevalence is still on the rise. Moreover, the majority of the programs implemented are still targeting adults struggling with overweightness and focusing on transmitting knowledge about food. However, research shows that obesity prevention is more efficacious and cheaper, and beliefs about healthy eating have a stronger influence on eating behavior than declarative knowledge about food. In fact, knowledge about healthy eating only influences weight status when combined with self-regulation competences. Thus, the main goal of the current project is to develop and evaluate the efficacy of an online preventive intervention program, the HEP-S. This program is designed to promote and develop a set of transversal skills and strategies, related to self-regulation, on the healthy eating domain among school-aged children. Methods A three-armed randomized controlled trial will be conducted in several schools in Portugal. It will include a standard control group, with no intervention; an online intervention group, with the program for 20 weeks; and an enhanced online intervention group, with the program for 20 weeks embedded with gamification strategies throughout the program. Per research group, 40 groups of about 15 children each will be recruited and measured at five different time points. The three research groups will complete the same assessment protocol at the same timings (baseline, post-intervention, and 3, 6, and 9 months’ follow-ups). The assessment protocol will include anthropometric and psychological measures. The primary outcome measures will be the development of self-regulation skills for healthy eating over time, the development of self-efficacy attitudes, knowledge about healthy eating over time, and others. The secondary outcome measures will include the effect of gamification strategies, engagement, and satisfaction with the program, among others. The program will comprise the following: (i) a weekly group synchronous videoconference session with a trained educational psychologist serving as a mediator and (ii) a weekly parental involvement activity. Narratives, or story-tools, embedded with self-regulation strategies are at the core of the intervention. Discussion The program may play an important role in preventing risky and unhealthy eating behaviors by focusing on the development of self-regulation skills and strategies among elementary school children. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04099498. Registered on 23 September 2019.

Grapes are consumed throughout the world in different ways, ranging from fresh fruit to processed products. Regardless of the product, risk management starts in preharvest stages to control initial development of mycotoxigenic fungi and avoid consequent problems in the whole chain. The main concern in grapes and grape products is the presence of black Aspergillus species and the subsequent production of ochratoxin A. However, other mycotoxigenic fungi have been detected and may need further attention. The adoption of crop management strategies, such as selection of varieties, training system, and soil management, can reduce fungal proliferation. Biological methods can also be used to inhibit fungal contamination. These methods can substitute for chemical approaches and be used in later phases of grape processing to allow safe storage. Due to the wide range of products that can be obtained from grapes, different fungal species can be responsible for postharvest deterioration. Taking this into account, the aim of this work is to review strategies for mitigation of mycotoxin risk in the whole grape chain considering data on the occurrence and development of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxin biosynthesis., This review was prepared as part of MYCHIF EFSA project (GP/EFSA/AFSCO/2016/01). Roberta Palumbo carried out this work within the PhD school Agrisystem of Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Italy). This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O objetivo foi avaliar a construção de conceitos biológicos quando os alunos são submetidos a atividades práticas em laboratório. Três turmas de ensino médio participaram (C, E1 e E2), sendo escolhidas sob critérios pré-definidos. E1 e E2 participaram de quatro diferentes aulas práticas em laboratório, enquanto a C apenas assistiu a aulas expositivas. Os grupos realizaram uma avaliação ao final de cada conteúdo abordado, sendo as correções realizadas por três diferentes avaliadores. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as notas dos avaliadores, indicando adequação nos critérios de avaliação inter-avaliadores. Quanto aos grupos, a análise descritiva revelou notas inferiores para o C quando comparado à E1 e E2. Pode-se concluir que as dimensões do ensino teórico não são isoladas do prático, mas que ambos são complementares ao outro, havendo sempre a construção dos conceitos quando ambos são ministrados de forma concomitante pelo professor de biologia. The aim was to evaluate the construction of biological meanings when students undergo practical activities in the laboratory. From the quantitative research methodology, the evaluations of three high school classes were analyzed: E1 and E2 participated in four different practical classes in the laboratory, while C just watched expository classes The groups carried out an assessment at the end of each content addressed, and corrections performed by three different evaluators. There were no significant differences between the scores of evaluators, indicating adequacy in inter-rater evaluation criteria. As regards the groups, the descriptive analysis showed lower values for the C group when compared to the experimental groups. It can be concluded that the dimensions of the theoretical are not isolated from the practical, but both are complementary. There is always the construction of solids meanings when both are administered concomitantly by the biology professor.

Alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) are present in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biological sludge such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS). The recovery of ALE from excess sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a relevant approach for the recovery of valuable products of industrial interest. However, little is known about dynamics of ALE content in sludge and associated factors. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the dynamics of EPS and ALE in terms of content, some chemical properties and influencing environmental factors along granulation in a sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater. Results indicated that the EPS content was not correlated with the development of AGS, while the ALE content was higher, more stable and steadily increased after granulation achievement. Overall, 236 ± 27 mg VSALE/g VSsludge was recovered from AGS and 187 ± 94 mg VSALE/g VSsludge from flocs. However, the lower ALE content in flocs may be compensated by the higher sludge production rate in activated sludge systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that ALE content positively correlates with the nutrient and organic substrate conversion, and with the fraction of large AGS. Microbial analyses indicated that a stable microbial community composition was associated with a higher and more stable ALE content. ALE recovered from both flocs and AGS was endowed with hydrogel property, and no clear difference in their elemental composition and functional groups was observed. Therefore, our study provides insights about quantitative and qualitative aspects of ALE which are helpful for the improvement of waste biological sludge valorization.

The present study characterized the plasma glycemic and lipid profiles in full-term newborn babies at birth and correlated these variables with growth markers and maternal clinical and metabolic conditions, to observe if maternal pregnancy conditions can influence metabolic programming in these newborn babies. Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected from 162 mother/newborn binomials at birth and at 6 months at a public hospital in Western Paraná State, Brazil. Samples of blood tests for glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were obtained. Two classes of mothers/babies were statistically defined. The glycemic profiles in Class 1, at birth, were 63.0 ± 19.6 mg/dL and at 6 months 80.4 ± 10.6 mg/dL; in Class 2, at birth, they were 66.1 ± 20.8 mg/dL and at 6 months 78.2 ± 9.4 mg/dL. The triglycerides levels in Class 1 and Class 2, at birth, were 124.5 ± 47.8 mg/dL and 132.6 ± 60.2 mg/dL, respectively, and at 6 months they were 139.0 ± 51.5 mg/dL and 115.2 ± 39.9 mg/dL, respectively. Even though most of the pregnant women were overweight at the end of the gestation period, the anthropometric patterns found for babies followed the desirable standards. Furthermore, the average glycemic profile values were between the cutoff standards at birth and at 6 months; however, the triglycerides were above the expected values.

The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite in hens and has been considered an important threat to the egg production industry. This study evaluated an alternative to manage poultry red mite populations as a complement to conventional chemical treatments and other control strategies in poultry houses. A simple autoinoculation device prepared with corrugated cardboard (CB) or loofah sponge (LS) as inert supports to anchor Beauveria bassiana conidia was used to aggregate and infect mites from infested poultry houses. In the laboratory, mites gathered inside the traps and the average mortalities by the fungus were higher than 70% in CB and LS traps after 5 and 4 days of exposure, respectively. Conidial viability was around 80% in CB and LS traps after 14 and 60 days under unrefrigerated conditions (26 °C), respectively. Both trap types tied to hen cages efficiently captured fed mites after blood meal, and fungal infection was observed in 65–90% of the mites in field tests. Between 5 and 25% of the mites recaptured in monitoring cardboard traps installed immediately after CB and LS removal were infected by B. bassiana. According to our results, the use of B. bassiana in an autoinoculation strategy is a potential alternative method for D. gallinae control.

Este estudo avaliou, em condicoes laboratoriais, o efeito do uso de Trichlorfon para controle de parasitas – em niveis recomendados na literatura – sobre o crescimento, danos histologicos e possivel bioacomulacao em tecidos de carpa-carpim apos tratamento. Dois ensaios com o mesmo desenho experimental foram conduzidos com 10 especimes de C. idella em cada aquario, sob condicoes abioticas controladas. Trichlorfon 500 (ingrediente ativo de Triclorfon) foi adicionado a agua do tanque a uma concentracao de 0,25 mg/L, uma vez por semana durante cinco semanas consecutivas. Durante esse periodo, tomamos medidas biometricas e realizamos analises histologicas de brânquias e cromatografia da musculatura dos peixes. Os resultados indicam que Triclorfon promoveu alteracoes fisiologicas nos peixes analisados. No grupo de tratamento, houve uma inibicao do apetite e uma diminuicao no crescimento. Nao houve diferencas histopatologicas significativas entre as amostras dos grupos controle e de tratamento. O cromatograma da amostra de musculo de peixe, coletado cinco dias apos a ultima aplicacao de Triclorfon, nao indica evidencia de bioacumulacao para Triclorfon ou seus residuos metabolicos. Assim, pode-se dizer preliminarmente que esse tipo de tratamento teve um baixo efeito sobre as estruturas morfologicas dos orgaos vitais e nao foi acumulado no musculo do peixe. No entanto, o tratamento inibiu diretamente o crescimento, um dos fatores mais importantes no contexto da piscicultura

The present study evaluated the phosphorus removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR - 2,500L) used to treat the wastewater from an office building in two steps: phase I-Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and phase II-co-precipitation using FeCl3 as precipitant. The raw sewage presented a high organic load variation ranging from 0.11 (phase I) to 0.66 (phase II) kgCOD.m-3.d-1. A better phosphorus removal performance was obtained during co-precipitation (from 19.0 to 1.2 mg.L-1 = 93% of efficiency) compared with biological removal (from 15.6 to 9.0 mgL-1 = 42% of efficiency). FISH analyses did not demonstrate a strong PAO inhibition; however, nitrifying and denitrifying organisms (NSO and PAE) showed a significant activity reduction during phase II. Therefore, the bench tests made to obtain the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) revealed a heterotrophic organisms activity significantly lower in phase II (46.8 mgDQOT.L-1) than phase I (211.8 mgDQOT.L-1), indicating metabolic inhibition. The co-precipitation processes enhanced phosphorus removal, bringing the SBR effluent into accord with state law requirements; however, the inhibitory effect of ferric chloride on microorganism activity was highlighted.

OBJECTIVE: How much force is needed to stretch skeletal muscle is still unknown. The aim of this study was to develop a device that mechanically stretches rat muscle to compare the force (N) required to stretch the soleus muscle of young and aged rats and the tibio-tarsal angle joint at neutral and stretched positions. METHODS: Twelve female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a young group (YG, n=6, 311±11 g) of rats 3 months old and an aged group (AG, n=6, 351±43 g) of rats 15 months old. The left soleus muscle was mechanically held in full dorsal flexion and submitted to mechanical passive stretching: 1 bout of 10 repetitions, each repetition lasted 60 seconds with an interval of 45 seconds between repetitions, performed once a day, twice a week, for 1 week. The force required during stretching was measured by a load cell, and the tibio-tarsal angle joint was measured by photometry. RESULTS: The load cell calibration showed excellent reliability, as confirmed by the intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.93. A decrease in delta force was found in the comparison between YG and AG (0.11±0.03 N vs 0.08±0.02 N, p

This work evaluated the granulation process and the stability of aerobic granular sludge in a pilot-scale reactor (1 m³), during a long-term operation (> 650 days) treating real low-strength domestic wastewater. Two operational strategies, distinguished by volumetric exchange ratio (VER: 50 and 75 %), were tested enabling higher organic loading rates. Different topics involving wastewater biological treatment was evaluated from physical-chemical and kinetic parameters to molecular biology techniques. Since process variability can only be described in statistical terms, multivariate statistical process control was applied to verify and integrate the results found. Successful granulation in terms of settling properties (Sludge volumetric index - SVI30 80 %) were achieved when applying VER = 75 %. Multivariate analysis supported that an increment in VER from 50 to 75 % is an important strategy for AGS stability, especially during rainy periods where the carbon availability is lower (OLR

BACKGROUND Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology has been widely investigated for wastewater treatment. The morphological and structural characteristics of granules and nitrogen pathways have not been fully clarified using real domestic wastewater. To address this issue, microbial community distribution, diversity and functional pathways towards nitrogen conversions in a sequencing batch reactor were investigated. RESULTS Granules (d ∼ 300 µm) were formed with low-strength domestic wastewater (COD influent < 200 mg CODsoluble L−1). COD and ammonium effluent concentrations (55 mgCOD L−1, 14 mgNH4−-N L−1) achieved national treatment standards. Nitrite accumulation was observed (16.5 mgNO2−-N L−1) and N2O emissions (2.8% of nitrogen load) were detected. Granules were composed of protozoa and bacteria, with an outer layer dominated by ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and deeper layers with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and denitrifiers. Partial nitrification, denitrification via nitrite, nitrifier denitrification, complete and incomplete denitrification pathways were assessed by qPCR. CONCLUSIONS AGS process showed the establishment of partial nitrification in a low-strength real wastewater condition. The granular system showed N2O emission in a lower range than others known partial nitrification processes. In order to achieve nitrogen removal saving costs in terms of energy and space, engineering wastewater designers can consider AGS as an attractive technology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

espanolResumen La hospitalizacion del recien nacido prematuro en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales es una importante fuente de estres materno debido a factores que interfieren en la interaccion madre-bebe y que sacuden la dinamica familiar al alterar el rol de los padres e interferir en la capacidad de atencion de los mismos. Este estudio busca describir el proceso de clasificacion de las puntuaciones de la escala Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS), y su traduccion, adaptacion cultural y validacion psicometrica para el portugues de Brasil con padres de ninos prematuros hospitalizados. El estudio metodologico de validacion conto con los pasos de traduccion, retrotraduccion, analisis del comite de los jueces, prueba piloto, revision de las puntuaciones y evaluacion de las propiedades psicometricas. La validez de constructo se comprobo con el analisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio en una muestra total de 99 padres de recien nacidos prematuros. La validez de contenido realizado por el comite de jueces fue adecuada, con una concordancia para la traduccion del 90 % y un Kappa de .71. El test-retest obtuvo un Coeficiente de Correlacion Intraclase de .98 y un alfa de Cronbach de .92. Finalmente, en el analisis factorial exploratorio se encontro una estructura con tres factores: confianza en el rol parental, interaccion padres e hijos, y conocimiento de los padres; los cuales explicaron el 56 % de la varianza total. En conclusion, la escala de creencias de los padres obtuvo una validez de contenido y confiabilidad satisfactorias, lo que demuestra que su aplicacion con padres y madres de recien nacidos prematuros hospitalizados en Brasil es adecuada. EnglishAbstract Hospitalization of the premature newborn baby in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is a significant source of maternal stress, due to factors that interfere with the mother-infant interaction and affect the family dynamics, altering the parental role and interfering with the parental care capacity. This study aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation, psychometric validation and categorization of the scores of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS) for Brazilian Portuguese, with parents of hospitalized premature children. This is a methodological validation study with the following steps: translation, back-translation, analysis of the judges committee, pre-test, reexamination of scores and evaluation of psychometric properties. The construct validity was verified in a total sample of 99 fathers and/or mothers of preterm infants by confirmatory and exploratory factorial analysis. The content validity performed by the judges' committee was adequate, with 90 % agreement for the translation and Kappa of .71. The test-retest obtained an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of .98 and Cronbach's Alpha of .92. In the exploratory factor analysis a structure with three factors was found: trust in the parental role, parent-child interaction and parental knowledge, which explained 56 % of the variance. The parents' Beliefs Scale obtained satisfactory content and reliability, and it was adequate for the application with parents of hospitalized pre-term infants. portuguesResumo A hospitalizacao do recem-nascido prematuro em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e uma fonte significativa de estresse materno, devido a fatores que interferem na interacao mae-bebe e abalam a dinâmica familiar, alterando o papel parental e interferindo na capacidade de cuidado dos pais. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou descrever o processo de traducao, adaptacao cultural, validacao psicometrica e categorizacao dos escores da escala Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (meu: PBS) para o portugues do Brasil, com pais de criancas prematuras hospitalizadas. Estudo metodologico de validacao com as etapas: traducao, retrotraducao, analise do comite de juizes, pre-teste, reexame das pontuacoes e avaliacao das propriedades psicometricas. A validade de construto foi verificada em uma amostra total de 99 pais de recem-nascidos prematuros, pela analise fatorial confirmatoria e exploratoria. A validade de conteudo realizada pelo comite de juizes mostrou-se adequada, com concordância para traducao de 90 % e Kappa de .71. O teste-reteste obteve Coeficiente de Correlacao Intraclasse de .98 e Alfa de Cronbach de .92. Abrangeu-se na analise fatorial exploratoria estrutura com tres fatores que explicaram 56 % da variância: confianca no papel parental; interacao pais e filho, e conhecimento dos pais. A escala de crencas dos pais conquistou validade de conteudo e confiabilidade satisfatoria, alem de se apresentar adequada para a aplicacao com pais de recem-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados.

Objective: to evaluate sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of residents and medical students. Methods: we applied a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to a population of residents and medical students. Results: hundred five residents and 101 undergraduate medical students participated. Residents presented higher mean PSQI (6.76±2.81) with poorer sleep quality when compared with undergraduates (5.90±2.39); Both had similar measures of sleepiness by ESS (p=0.280), but residents showed lower duration and lower subjective sleep quality. Conclusion: medical students and residents presented sleep deprivation, indicating the need for preventive actions in the medical area. RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de sono e a sonolência diurna de residentes comparando com estudantes de medicina. Método: foram aplicados questionário sociodemográfico, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI) e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) numa população de residentes e estudantes de medicina. Resultados: participaram 105 residentes e 101 estudantes da graduação médica. Os residentes apresentaram maior média do PSQI (6,76+2,81) com pior qualidade de sono quando comparados aos acadêmicos (5,90+2,39); ambos tiveram medidas semelhantes de sonolência pela ESE (p=0,280), porém os residentes mostraram menor duração e pior qualidade subjetiva de sono. Conclusão: estudantes e residentes apresentaram privação de sono indicando necessidade de ações preventivas na área médica.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar três tratamentos de restauração florestal em uma área com elevação periódica do lençol freático, no Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria, localizado entre os municípios de Santa Terezinha de Itaipu e São Miguel do Iguaçu-PR. Os tratamentos foram: controle, adubação verde e solarização do solo. Foi realizado o acompanhamento mensal da mortalidade e desenvolvimento de 12 espécies arbóreas nativas da região e a persistência de duas espécies invasoras presentes na área, Megathyrsus maximus (capim-colonião) e Cyperus rotundus (tiririca). Além disso, avaliou-se as alterações promovidas no solo por meio de três coletas durante o experimento. Após um ano, os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas sobre as avaliações realizadas. A mortalidade foi mais acentuada em janeiro (12,08%), com maior percentual para Cabralea canjerana (canjarana) e menor para Luehea divaricata (açoita-cavalo). Sobre o desenvolvimento das mudas, houve maior crescimento para: Sapium glandulatum (leiteiro-do-banhado), Croton urucurana (sangra-d'água) e Luehea divaricata, com acréscimos mensais em diâmetro de 3,66 mm a 4,12mm, e em altura de 12,39 cm a 17,02 cm. Em relação à massa seca do capim-colonião e tiririca em todos os tratamentos, os maiores valores foram verificados em janeiro (94,14 g m-2) e fevereiro (132,76 g m-2), mantendo-se baixos ao longo do experimento. Por meio das análises de solo, foi possível observar que os tratamentos não apresentaram diferenças significativas, contudo, as alterações físicas e químicas do solo mostraram-se sensíveis ao manejo das espécies invasoras, podendo levar a novas modificações durante o desenvolvimento das mudas. ABSTRACT It was aimed to evaluate three treatments for forest restoration in an area with periodic elevation of the groundwater, in the Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria, located between the cities of Santa Teresinha de Itaipu and São Miguel do Iguaçu, in Paraná state. The treatments were: control, green manure and soil solarization. It was performed a monthly monitoring of mortality and development of 12 tree native species of the region and the persistence of two invasive species present in the area, Megathyrsus maximus (coloniao grass) and Cyperus rotundus (coco grass). Furthermore, it was evaluated the changes introduced in the soil by three soil samples during the experiment. After over a year of assessment, the treatments showed no statistically significant differences on the evaluations. The mortality was more pronounced in January (12.08%), with a higher percentage for Cabralea canjerana (canjarana) and lower for Luehea divaricata (açoita-cavalo). About the seedlings development, growth was higher for: Sapium glandulatum (leiteiro-do-banhado), Croton urucurana (sangra-d'água) and Luehea divaricata, with monthly increases in diameter of 3.66 mm to 4.12 mm, and height of 12.39 cm to 17.02 cm. Regarding the dry mass of 'colonião' grass and coco grass (nutsedge) in all treatments, the highest values were found in January (94.14 g m-2) and February (132.76 g m-2), remaining low throughout the experiment. Through soil analyzes, it was observed that treatments showed no significant differences, however, the physical and chemical changes in the soil were sensitive to the invasive species management, which may lead to new modifications during the growth of seedlings.