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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 14 May 2019, accepted 10 September 2019 Ammonium format and 10% Pd/C-induced ultrasound-mediated hydrogenation was performed on β-lactams to produce α-hydroxy amide derivatives. This reaction depends on the substitution on N1 -C4 position of β-lactam ring. A most probable mechanism of this reaction is advanced.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 18 May 2019, accepted 12 September 2019 Staudinger cycloaddition of dicarboethoxy-substituted imines with phenylthioacetyl chloride in the p resence of Nmethylmorpholine under microwave irradiation is investigated toward the synthesis of C-4 dicarboethoxy-substituted β-lactams. One of the ester groups of the products is removed through a decarboethoxylation process by lithium chloride in DMSO under microwave irradiation. This procedure results in the formation of highly functionalized diastereomeric cis and trans β- lactams.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com; bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 18 May 2019, accepted 12 September 2019 Phenylthioacetyl chloride is a potential precursor of ketene in Staudinger reaction with imine in synthesis of stereodefined 3- phenythio β-lactam derivatives. Herein we describe the reaction of imines with phenythioacetyl chloride in the presence of N-methylmorpholine under microwave irradiation and classical condition. The reaction is highly stereospecific since only trans β-lactam is formed exclusively. This is an example in which identical products are formed under microwave irradiation method and thermal conditions.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 18 May 2019, accepted 12 September 2019 The regiospecific intramolecular nucleophilic ring opening (INRO) of 2-azetidinones through ultrasound-mediated indium metal/ ammonium chloride-induced reduction of aromatic nitro functionality has been achieved at ambient temperature. This method has provided an efficient entry for the facile synthesis of benzo[1,4]-oxazine-2-one derivatives in aqueous ethanol.

Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 14 May 2019, accepted 10 September 2019 Monocyclic cis and trans amino β-lactams are acetylated with 2-bromo-2-phenylacetyl chloride in aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The same reaction with 6-aminopenicillanic acid follows a different pathway and produces an oxazolone.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Manuscript received online 14 May 2019, accepted 10 September 2019 A simple, inexpensive and efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives using 10 wt.% of Montmorillonite K-10 clay as catalyst is developed under microwave irradiation. A most probable mechanism is also advanced

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 04 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced racemic and asymmetric synthesis of trans acetoxy β-lactams is performed following a nucleophilic substitution reaction of cis 3-mesyl β-lactams with sodium acetate. This method is applicable to obtain a few unusual stereodefined trans acetoxy β-lactams.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Current Address: Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 30 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 Synthesis β-lactams in N,N-dimethylformamide proceeds through cycloaddition of acid chlorides with imines in a domestic microwave oven in the absence of a tertiary base. This is an unprecedented observation.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Currnet Address: Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 02 October 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 A simple microwave-induced method for the coupling of two glucals to a novel C-disaccharide is realized through hafnium tetrachloride-catalyzed reaction.

DepartmentofPharmacy,VikasGroupofInstitution,Nunna-521212,VijayawadaRural,AndhraPradesh,India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA DepartmentofPharmaceuticalSciences,SardarBhagwanSinghUniversity,Dehradun-248161, Uttarakhand, India Manuscript received 28 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 A series of pyrimidine-2(1H)-one derivative were obtained by multi-component one-pot synthesis under microwave irradiation. Equimolar quantities of ethylacetoacetate, substituted benzaldehydes and urea undergo condensation followed by cyclizaton in presence of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to produce corresponding pyrimidine derivatives. With the help of microwave heating, there is clean reaction with shorter reaction time, environmental-friendly, improved yield as compared to conventional heating method. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of their IR, NMR spectral data. These compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. Some of them were found to possess significant activity as compared to standard drug.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 01 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced stereoselective synthesis of novel bis-β-lactams substituted at the 2,7 position of the phenanthrene has been performed via ketene-imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760 010, Odisha, India DepartmentofPharmacy,VikasGroupofInstitution,Vijayawada-521212,AndhraPradesh,India Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA E-mail: jrpanda77@gmail.com, drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Manuscript received 28 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 An efficient method is developed and exploited for the synthesis of indole derivatives via microwave-assisted technology. By considering the advantage microwave synthesis in terms of high efficient energy, indole derivatives are prepared. In the current study, the Schiff’s bases are first synthesized by reaction of 1H-indole-2,3-dione (isatin) with various substituted anilines in presence of acetic acid under microwave irradiation. Then the Mannich bases are produced by condensation of Schiff bases with different secondary amines in the presence of formaldehyde. The newly synthesized compounds are characterized by TLC report and spectral data followed by evaluation for anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. Albendazole is used as standard drug for comparative study. The titled compounds are screened for anthelmintic activity at the concentration of 10, 20 and 50 mg/ml. The anthelmintic effect of standard drug Albendazole is also evaluated at 10 mg/ml. The results of present study indicate that some of the tested compounds exhibit significant anthelmintic activity in dose dependent manner.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248 161, Uttarakhand, India Department of Pharmacy, Vikas Group of Institution, Nunna-521 212, Vijayawada Rural, Andhra Pradesh, India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com S. Chaavan College of Pharmacy, Nellore-524 346, Andhra Pradesh, India Manuscript received online 02 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave (MW) synthesis is considered as an efficient approach towards “Green and sustainable chemistry” because it is environmental-friendly in nature. This synthetic process is less time consuming because it uses MW as an alternative energy source. The benefits of MW synthesis include rapid heating, absence of inertia, ease of use, better homogeneity in temperature with the transfer of energy into the whole reaction medium without superficial heating. This review focuses on the utilization of microwave irradiation technique in the synthesis of organic compounds and to present the advantages of microwave synthesis.

Department of Pharmacy, Vikas Group of Institutions, Nunna, Krishna District, Vijayawada-521 229, Andhra Pradesh, India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com Manuscript received on line 26 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 Schiff’s bases of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol are synthesized by multistep reactions. Schiff bases are the condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compounds. These compounds possess imine or azomethine (-C=N-) functional group in their structure and are considered as a synthon to design and develop the various lead molecules. They exhibit various biological activities such analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antitubercular, antioxidant, anthelmintic and anticonvul­sant, etc. In the present study, benzohydrazide is used as the starting material. Benzohydrazide reacts with carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide to produce potassium dithiocarbazinate. Potassium dithiocarbazinate undergoes cyclization in pres­ence of hydrazine hydrate to yield 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Finally, Schiff’s bases is synthesized by reac­tion of 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol with substituted benzaldehydes under microwave irradiations for 5–10 min. Microwave irradiation method has several advantages as compared to conventional heating method in terms of uniform heating, shorter reaction time, less byproduct formation and environmental friendly. The structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies with an objective to develop novel biologically ac­tive compounds. All the titled compounds were screened for their anthelmintic activity.

DepartmentofPharmacy,VikasGroupofInstitution,Nunna-521212,VijayawadaRural,AndhraPradesh,India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA Pharmacy Wing, SCB Medical College, Cuttack-753 007, Odisha, India Manuscript received 28 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 In the present study, microwave-mediated Green chemistry approach is followed to prepare some chalcone derivatives. For this purpose, microwave heating technology is used as the alternative energy sources to synthesize a series of chalcone de­rivatives by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of ethyl 4-acetamidobenzoate with various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution followed by dehydration. With the help of microwave, the rate of reaction is increased with less byproduct formation and better yield of the product. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds are con­firmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, mass spectra and CHN analyses. The titled compounds are screened for their anthelmintic activity and significant activity as compared to the standard drug is found. Compounds with electron withdrawing groups are found to be highly potent among the series.

Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas-M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on the Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA Current Address: Vice President of Research and Education Development, Community Health Systems of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 01 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Bismuth nitrate-induced microwave-mediated cleavages of O-glycosidic bond in β-lactams are achieved to afford their corresponding hydroxyl derivatives in excellent yields.

DepartmentofPharmacy,VikasGroupofInstitution,Nunna-521212,VijayawadaRural,AndhraPradesh,India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760 010, Odisha, India Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA Manuscript received 29 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 Microwave-assisted reaction is a method generally applicable to syntheses in organic, medicinal and combinatorial chemistry, and compared to conventional method offers enhanced speed, reproducibility and scalability. Microwave-assisted chemistry is a key technique that has made a significant contribution to the thermal and non-thermal control of synthetic reactions for the past many years by speeding up reaction times from days to merely minutes. An overview of the thermal effects and non-thermal microwave effects is presented in this article.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 04 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced asymmetric synthesis of β-lactams from L-glyceraldehyde derived imines is achieved following a reaction with acid chlorides in the presence of a tertiary base. An exclusive formation of the cis enantiomer (3S,4R) is observed. The whole process is highly efficient and it completed within 2 h.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Current Address: Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 03 October 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 A new microwave-induced method for the preparation of 3-unsubstituted β-lactams is explored via aqueous trimethylboranemediated reaction of the corresponding xanthates.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 05 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced acid-assisted regioselective and chiral synthesis of 5-membered lactones from β-lactams is described.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Current Address: Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com; bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 03 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced chiral synthesis of 4-formyl β-lactams is performed following a one-pot reaction. The deprotection of the ketal with aqueous bismuth nitrate and subsequent oxidation of the diol to aldehyde by aqueous sodium metaperiodate is accomplished to obtain the optically active 4-formyl β-lactams in good yield.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 03 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Montmorillonite K10-catalyzed glycosylation of alcohols with glycals obtained from galactose and glucose is performed efficiently using microwave irradiation with good anomeric selectivity

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur-222 003, Uttar Pradesh, India Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American,1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Pathology, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA Community Health System of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 04 October 2018, accepted 02 November 2018 Microwave-induced molecular iodine-catalyzed reaction of indole with carbonyl compounds in the absence of any solvent has been performed to prepare bis(indolyl)methanes. This reaction is extremely fast and produces products in good yield. An electrophilic route is described to explain the formation of the products. &nbsp

Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1250 West University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA Current address: Community Health Systems of South Texas, 3135 South Sugar Road, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA E-mail: bimalbanik10@gmail.com, bimal.banik@chsst.org Manuscript received 01 July 2018, accepted 19 July 2018 Stereospecific synthesis of a few 3,4-disubstitued β-lactams derived from polyaromatic ferrocenyl imines is achieved follow­ing Staudinger cycloaddition reaction. The exclusive formation of trans-β-lactams is observed. The stereochemistry of these resulting β-lactams formation reaction is unprecedented.

DepartmentofPharmacy,VikasGroupofInstitution,Nunna-521212,VijayawadaRural,AndhraPradesh,India E-mail: drbiswamohansahoo@gmail.com Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760 010, Odisha, India Community Health System of South Texas, Edinburg, Texas 78539, USA Manuscript received 30 September 2018, accepted 01 November 2018 A rapid and efficient microwave-mediated Green synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (2a-e) is described based on reaction between benzohydrazide and various substituted benzoic acids. The use of microwave irradiation to carry out chemical reac­tions provides pollution free and eco-friendly system with formation of pure products. The structural elucidation of newly syn­thesized compounds is based on their spectral data such as IR and 1H NMR. The titled compounds are screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. Some of the compounds displayed significant anti-inflammatory activity than the standard drug.