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BEFORE CONSIDERING the problem of expanded pitch resources in contemporary composition of music, I shall contrast two different traditions for the realization of precise pitch relations in performance. The first tradition may be represented by the practice of Gregorian chant.1 In plainchant the melody is unaccompanied, or monophonic. Thus the relations of melodic tones to each other are the only intervals used. The perfect fifth and perfect fourth and the interval of difference between them, the major second, are the basis of pitch choice. The particular distribution of the seconds within the melodic distances of fifths and fourths, and the choice of cadence points, determine the "mode" of the music. All major seconds are always the same size,2 as are all minor seconds, since these are the remainder intervals when the largest possible whole number of major seconds subdivides either a perfect fifth or a perfect fourth. All other intervals are likewise fixed in size, but are much more difficult to sing in tune. A contrasting type of pitch usage is illustrated in East Indian monophonic musical practice.A This monophony "opposes" a line of fluctuating pitch against a fixed pitch, or drone. A specific emotional expression is achieved by means of a particular set of intervals measured against the drone. The "harmonic" relation of melodic pitches to the drone is primary to this expression, whereas the intervallic relations between melodic tones are less important. Possible relations to the drone are classified as consonant,4 dissonant, and out-of-tune; i.e.

The following case of a retroperitoneal fibrolipoma is so typical of this rare form of abdominal tumor, at the present time receiving in general but indefinite recognition and differentiation, that it seems to justify a detailed presentation. On account of the necessity for anticipating the malignant degeneration to which all such connective tissue tumors are more or less prone, as well as preventing the serious involvement of various organs even by a benign overgrowth, an early diagnosis is of great importance. This, in view of the frequent paucity of symptoms and obscure local signs, is difficult and but infrequently made before the condition has rendered an operation impossible or extremely hazardous. In 1897 Adami 1 gave the immediate mortality from operation of the twenty-six instances he was able to collect at 53.9 per cent. One recurrence increased the mortality to 57.7 per cent. I have collected in addition to these three