Search

This article examines the characteristics of serfdom during the Russian Empire. The author, focusing on how the economic and social institution of serfdom related to the success of Russian governments both domestically and internationally, argues the ruling elite of the Muscovite state established serfdom in an effort to control society and further its military goals.

Studies the photoelectric yield measurements of rare-earth trifluorides in the 30-250-eV photon energy range. Applications of photoelectric effect in detecting photon energies; Materials used in the study; Discussion on the results of the study.

This study compared three-dimensional release parameters and important features of the throwing technique for male javelin throwers of three different skill levels (elite, club, novice), recorded using three-dimensional cine or video. As expected, significant differences (p < .01) in throw distances and release speeds were found between all three groups. The only other release parameter for which a significant difference was found (between club and novice groups) was the yaw angle. The increase in release speed with increasing skill across the groups may be attributable in part to greater run-up speeds. Also important were significantly greater peak speeds of the throwing shoulder, elbow, and hand during the delivery stride for the elite group compared to the other groups. Significantly longer acceleration paths at the start of the delivery stride and a delay in elbow flexion until after final foot strike for the elite throwers were also important in generating greater release speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the plantar pressures and forces recorded from both feet of two groups of javelin throwers of different performance levels, in order to investigate differences between skill levels. The study was carried out using an EMED insole system on a Tartan javelin runway at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. Most of the differences (at p < .01) between the two groups were found in the two foot contacts during the delivery stride. Higher maximum total forces (forces on the whole foot) and maximum pressures were recorded for the more skilled or club throwers during the right foot contact at the beginning of this stride. For the left foot landing before release, the club throwers exhibited higher overall maximum forces and overall pressures (the largest forces and pressures recorded on any of the different foot regions) than the novices. The differences between the groups in the medial forefoot region contributed significantly to this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter the Great through British Eyes: Perceptions and Representations of the Tsar since 1698, by Anthony Cross (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2000; pp. 172. 35 £). Peter I, the Great, of [...]