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This practical question and answer book covers topics within the field of neurocritical care, including aspects of neurology, neurosurgery, general critical care, and emergency medicine. The updated second edition, with hundreds of new and revised test items, contains two full length practice exams that mimic the tone and scope of the recently introduced American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) certifying exam in Neurocritical Care, based on approval from the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). At the conclusion of each exam, answer choices, rationale, and references are provided. The book is geared towards critical care fellows, but may also be useful for residents in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, emergency medicine, and internal medicine.

As a single-source volume on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM), previous editions of this celebrated resource amounted to a mission statement from the pioneer generation in intraoperative neurophysiology, converting insights, techniques, and perspectives into tools providing clinical utility for the assessment of the nervous system in patients who could not be assessed by a standard neurological examination. Now directed by a new generation of experts, this thoroughly illustrated Third Edition is updated with new case material, images, videos, practice guidelines, references, and technologies, and is intended for those who encounter IOM in the operating room and intensive care unit, including anesthesiologists, technologists, neurophysiologists, surgeons, and nurses, as well as graduate students and trainees. Offering topical, applicable information, this accessible reference and teaching tool provides practical knowledge to help students, trainees, andteam members better understand one another's roles, thereby improving patient safety and care.

In recent decades, the advances in and consolidation of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring (IOM) in several highly complex surgical areas have been undeniable. Currently all modalities of neurophysiological tests (SSEP, MEP, EMG, PEATC, VEP, BRAIN MAPPING, ETC) are performed in the operating room, where they are used to provide trans operative information on the patient's neurological status in real time (monitoring), and to identify neural structures which are at immediate risk (mapping). With the inarguably positive impact of IOM on surgical outcomes, there is an increasing interest in reliable, technically focused literature. This volume provides cutting-edge information in the field of IOM, and highlights new neurophysiological tools being used in various surgeries. The book's initial sections cover a range of topics, including an anatomical overview, electrical safety, and detailed technical descriptions of the neurophysiological tests used inIOM. The subsequent sections address e.g. the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, vascular and peripheral nerves, epilepsy, head and neck, movement disorders and special topics.Some chapters are accompanied by videos of surgeries and IOM so that the reader will have the real sensation of having been in the operating room and will gain an overview of the key steps. Written by experts in the field of IOM, the book offers a valuable resource for both experienced and early-career neurophysiologists, neurosurgeons, vascular and orthopedic surgeons, and surgeons involved with pelvic procedures. Further, its goal is to provide a real rapport, never before attained, between neurophysiologists and surgeons with a sole focus: excellence in terms of the final outcome.

This book is a detailed resource on the technical aspects of pediatric neurosurgery that relate to vascular malformations of the brain and spinal cord. It introduces concepts relevant to cerebrovascular system development and the classification of vascular malformations. Information on a range of disorders is then provided with an emphasis placed on answering frequently asked questions in relation to a particular condition. Therefore, enabling the reader to systematically improve their understanding of how approach treating patients utilizing techniques such as ultrasound and spinal angiography. The chapters, authored by experts in their respective field, provide a standard of care based on current diagnostic and management guidelines for pediatric neurosurgical diseases.Pediatric Vascular Neurosurgery: Technical Nuances in Contemporary Pediatric Neurosurgery (Part 2) is a comprehensive overview of how to approach diagnosing and treating a range of vascular malformations encountered in pediatric patients. The problem-solving approach of this work makes it a valuable addition to the literature and suitable for use by residents, fellows and consultants within pediatrics and allied specialities, including Neurosurgery, Neurology, Neuro-anesthesia, Neuro-critical care and advanced health care providers amongst others.

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients with hemifacial spasm, one of the very few neuromuscular disorders that can be treated surgically. It covers various aspects including brainstem auditory evoked potentials, lateral spread response, free-running EMG and prognosis, and intraoperative hearing loss patterns. In particular, we present detailed explanations and realistic pictures of various and subtle changes in the waveform of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and postoperative hearing. In addition, detailed explanations and actual photos are provided for various cases, such as when the amplitude of the lateral spread response is slightly smaller during surgery, when it is lost and then measured again, or when the surgery is terminated without disappearing. The various situations that may occur during surgery are fully covered, and the causes of and solutions to particular challenges are clearly described. In addition, the results of each test and their association with the postoperative prognosis are explained in detail. The authors have vast experience and recognized expertise in the performance of microvascular decompression surgery and intraoperative neuromonitoring. The book draws on their practical knowledge and many scientific contributions to offer the very latest insights into the management of hemifacial spasm. It will be an excellent guide for young neurosurgeons, neurological monitoring technologists, and neurological interpreters.

This richly illustrated book, now in an updated and extended third edition, systematically covers the use of diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging in all major areas of neuroradiology, including imaging of the head and neck and the spine as well as the brain. The authors guide the reader from the basic principles of DW imaging through to the use of cutting-edge diffusion sequences such as diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis (DKI), fiber tractography, high b value, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE). Pathology, pathophysiology, and patient management and treatment are all thoroughly discussed. Since the early descriptions by LeBihan and colleagues of the ability to image and measure the micromovement of water molecules in the brain, diffusion imaging and its derivatives have contributed ever more significantly to the evaluation of multiple disease processes. In comprehensivelydescribing the state of the art in the field, this book will be of high value not only for those who deal routinely with neuro-MR imaging but also for readers who wish to establish a sound basis for understanding diffusion images in the hope of extending these principles into more exotic areas of neuroimaging.

This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to hemifacial spasm, one of the very few neuromuscular disorders that can be treated surgically. All aspects are covered, including classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, surgical principles and practice, medical treatment, the role of botulinum toxin injection, complications, prognosis, and redo surgery. Dr. Kwan Park has performed microvascular decompression surgery, the treatment of choice, in more than 4000 hemifacial spasm patients at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea. Over the past two decades, important lessons have been learned and new technologies adopted. This book draws together the many scientific contributions of Dr. Park and his team and offers the very latest insights into management of the condition. It will be an excellent guide for young neurosurgeons wishing to master the relevant surgical skills, as well as for all other medical personnel who may encounter patients with involuntary twitching or contraction on one side of the face.

This popular reference is the definitive guide on exam techniques for neurology residents, fellows, and practitioners, integrating details of neuroanatomy and diagnosis in an easy-to-read, easy-to-follow format. A new clinical focus, new videos online, and new illustrations makeDeJong's The Neurologic Examination, 8th Edition,even more useful for mastery of this complex area. Anatomical and exam illustrations ensure proper technique, and illustrative case studies and tables summarize differentials and clinical findings.

This book offers a personal insight into the experience of Alex Jelly, a professional fundraiser who developed a rare brain tumour, a papillary meningioma, which was successfully removed. She was left with Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome and associated problems including motor and speech impairments and a temporary psychosis. Discussing Alex's struggles and triumphs throughout her rehabilitation, this book offers an honest account of her journey from diagnosis to recovery.Part I introduces Alex's early life and employment, symptom onset and diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Part II presents her neurosurgeon, Adel Helmy, and a clinical neuropsychologist, Barbara A. Wilson. Adel provides a medical context by explaining Alex's successful surgery and her post-operative experience. Finally, Barbara concludes with a comprehensive view of Alex's recovery and gives a voice to the therapists and psychologists who worked with Alex throughout her in and outpatient rehabilitation journey.This book provides support, understanding and hope for patients who have suffered a brain tumour, and their families. It is valuable reading for any professional involved in neurorehabilitation, studemts of clinical neuropsychology and those touched by brain injury.

This contributed book focuses on the nursing care and considerations for the most common type of malignant brain tumours – gliomas, out of the 150 different types of brain tumours. The reader will gain specialist knowledge in understanding the disease trajectory of malignant gliomas and gain a deeper understanding of the presenting symptoms and varying treatment options of this highly malignant tumour. High grade malignant gliomas impact significantly on prognosis, with an average life expectancy of 18-24 months from diagnosis, given maximum treatment options including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This book takes you through all current treatment options with their associated risks and intended benefits.Brain tumours affect not just the patient, but their family and carers too and this important aspect of holistic nursing care is not to be overlooked. This book encompasses first hand experiences of both a brain tumour patient living with a glioma and aspects froma carer. The structure of this book follows a typical patient pathway from presenting signs / symptoms through to MDT (multidisciplinary team) discussions to surgical techniques and radiological investigations, right through to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and palliative care including end of life care. It provides a distinct overview of the holistic needs spectrum encompassing the entire patient journey and equips the reader with learning objectives set at every chapter. Although this book is primarily aimed at Nurses working at ward level within neuro-oncology, this book is also intended to benefit professionals new to the field of specialist nursing – in particular those working with adult brain tumours and neuro-oncology.

This widely praised, first-of-its-kind book has been thoroughly updated, expanded, and enriched with extensive new case material, illustrations, and link-outs to multimedia, practice guidelines, and more. Written and edited by outstanding world experts, this was the first and remains the leading single-source volume on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM). It is aimed at graduate students and trainees, as well as members of the operative team, including anesthesiologists, technologists, neurophysiologists, surgeons, and nurses.Now commonplace in procedures that place the nervous system at risk, such as orthopedics, neurosurgery, otologic surgery, vascular surgery, and others, effective IOM requires an unusually high degree of coordination among members of the operative team. The purpose of the book is to help students, trainees, and team members acquire a better understanding of one another's roles and thereby to improve the quality of care and patient safety.From the reviews of the First Edition:“A welcome addition to reference works devoted to the expanding field of nervous system monitoring in the intraoperative period… will serve as a useful guide for many different health care professionals and particularly for anesthesiologists involved with this monitoring modality…An excellent reference…[and] a helpful guide both to the novice and to the developing expert in this field.” ‐‐Canadian Journal of Anesthesia“Impressive… [The book] is well written, indexed, and illustrated...The chapters are all extensively referenced. It is also very good value at the price....I would recommend this book to all residents and especially to all neuroanesthesiologists. It will make a worthwhile addition to their library.” ‐‐Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology

This practical question and answer book covers topics within the field of neurocritical care, including aspects of neurology, neurosurgery, general critical care, and emergency medicine. Each chapter serves as a standalone test, comprised of approximately 100 questions, and closely mimics the tone and scope of the United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS) certification exam in neurocritical care. Rationale and discussion are provided in the answers section at the end of each exam. This practical study guide will help prepare critical care fellows and residents from a variety of backgrounds (including internal medicine, neurology, anesthesiology, and emergency medicine) for the UCNS exam.

A complete board examination review for neurocritical care – enhanced by more than 800 Q&A The NeuroICU Board Review is a comprehensive board exam and curriculum review for the emerging specialty of neurocritical care. It delivers a through overview of neurological disease states (pathology, pathophysiology, and therapy), neurosurgery, and critical care medicine (including medical, surgical, cardiac, and cardiothoracic critical care), along with important topics such as neuromonitoring, neurosurgical emergencies, neuropharmacology, and neurosurgical post-operative care. This powerful review also includes clinical scenarios and more than 800 questions and answers with detailed answer explanations, with accompanying images, illustrations, tables, and detailed references. • Developed for residents and practicing physicians preparing to take certifying board exams in Neurocritical Care, Surgical Critical Care, and Neurological Surgery • More than 800 Q&A with detailed answer explanations • Clinical scenarios show readers how to apply principles to real-world cases

A comprehensive and unified account of the neural computations underlying speech production, offering a theoretical framework bridging the behavioral and the neurological literatures.In this book, Frank Guenther offers a comprehensive, unified account of the neural computations underlying speech production, with an emphasis on speech motor control rather than linguistic content. Guenther focuses on the brain mechanisms responsible for commanding the musculature of the vocal tract to produce articulations that result in an acoustic signal conveying a desired string of syllables. Guenther provides neuroanatomical and neurophysiological descriptions of the primary brain structures involved in speech production, looking particularly at the cerebral cortex and its interactions with the cerebellum and basal ganglia, using basic concepts of control theory (accompanied by nontechnical explanations) to explore the computations performed by these brain regions.Guenther offers a detailed theoretical framework to account for a broad range of both behavioral and neurological data on the production of speech. He discusses such topics as the goals of the neural controller of speech; neural mechanisms involved in producing both short and long utterances; and disorders of the speech system, including apraxia of speech and stuttering. Offering a bridge between the neurological and behavioral literatures on speech production, the book will be a valuable resource for researchers in both fields.

The book “Recent Advances in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery” covers about the recent developments in otolaryngology and different types of head and neck surgeries. Chapter one briefly describes about facial transplantation in detail. Second chapter covers about the invasive therapies that are minimal for aging face. Chapters three and five discuss the surgeries for craniofacial and internal nasal valve. Chapter four discusses about microtia repair that is explained with coastal cartilage-based and alloplast ear reconstructions. Chapters seven eight and nine emphasizes on Bell's palsy management, advances in facial nerve testing and surgical rehabilitation of the paralyzed face. From chapters nine to thirteen, single-sided deafness, ossiculoplasty, contemporary management of differentiated thyroid cancer, surgeries for head and neck cancer by using robotics and objective diagnostic tools in rhinology. Allergic and nonallergic rhinitis is studied in fourteenth chapter. Fifteenth chapter discusses on the role of topical sinonasal irrigation in sinus disease and chapter sixteen discusses on sinonasal inverted papilloma treatment. Chapters seventeen and eighteen deals with chronic cough and the advances in sepsis.

The second edition of this comprehensive textbook for students of Neuropsychology gives a thorough overview of the complex relationship between brain and behaviour. With an excellent blend of clinical, experimental and theoretical coverage, it draws on the latest research findings from neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, neurochemistry, clinical neuropsychology and neuropsychology to provide students with new insights in this fast moving field. The book is organised around the main neuropsychological disorders in the areas of perception, executive dysfunction, attention, memory, cerebral asymmetry, language, emotion and consciousness. There is a clear emphasis on bridging the gap between theory and practice with links throughout to clinical issues of both assessment and rehabilitation to build a clear understanding of the application of the theoretical issues. The final section in each chapter illustrates the importance of a more systematic approach to intervention, which takes into account theoretical views of recovery from brain damage.New to this edition: A new chapter format that includes a'basic topic'section, which contains up-to-date essential knowledge of the topic and a'further topics'section for a more advanced treatment of the area. A new section on neuroscientific approaches to rehabilitation in each chapter to make links between scientific knowledge and clinical treatment. A brand new chapter on consciousness A new full colour layout with increased pedagogical features, including key terms, section summaries, ‘study questions'and improved presentation of figures and brain diagrams A companion website including related weblinks, guidance on answering the ‘study questions', and flashcards. This book will be invaluable for undergraduate students in Neuropsychology and students who wish to take the subject further to the various clinical fields.

Clinical Applications of Functional MRI, An Issue of Neuroimaging Clinics,

This book presents a comprehensive overview of current state-of-the-art clinical physiological imaging of brain tumors. It focuses on the clinical applications of various modalities as they relate to brain tumor imaging, including techniques such as blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic source imaging/magnetoencephalography, magnetic resonance perfusion imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, amide proton transfer imaging, high angular resolution diffusion imaging, and molecular imaging. Featuring contributions from renowned experts in functional imaging, this book examines the diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors, details the application of functional imaging to treatment planning and monitoring of therapeutic intervention, and explores future directions in physiologic brain tumor imaging. Intended for neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, residents, and medical students, Functional Imaging of Brain Tumors is a unique resource that serves to advance patient care and research in this rapidly developing field.

Now in its Seventh Edition, DeJong's The Neurologic Examination has been streamlined and updated for a new generation. An absolutely comprehensive, detailed guide to techniques on the neurologic examination, this book integrates details of neuroanatomy and clinical diagnosis in a readable manner. The text is supplemented by helpful boxes that highlight clinical pearls and offer illustrative cases, and tables summarize differentials and lists of clinical findings.

Neurosurgical procedures are becoming more common and are taking place in the operating room and in interventional suites. Procedures that used to be performed only at major academic institutions are also being done in small community hospitals, and anesthesiologists in private practice are being asked to care for these patients. In many cases, treatment options are controversial or rapidly evolving. Close cooperation between the anesthesiologist and neurosurgeon is essential to achieve optimal outcomes and early recognition of any adverse events so appropriate therapy can be implemented. Fundamentals of Neuroanesthesia is a comprehensive guide to neuroanesthesia that discusses neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, and neurosurgical procedures and offers practical approaches and solutions to administering neuroanesthesia and providing perioperative care for neurosurgical patients. Chapters emphasize clinical management of neurosurgical problems that may be encountered in community practice as well as major academic medical centers. Highlighted key points, figures, algorithms, and management procedures supplement the text. This book is a must-have volume for general anesthesiologists, anesthesiology fellows, and subspecialists.

This is the 3rd edition of the book A Ramamurthi and Tandon's Textbook of Neurosurgery. The text is comprehensive, updated and fully revised as per the present day requirements in the subject of neurosurgery. The book has 212 chapters classified into 18 sections and 3 volumes. First volume has 59 chapters under 6 sections. The first section deals with evolution of neurosurgical and microsurgical techniques. Subsequent section deals with diagnosis which provides a comprehensive description of clinical examination and diagnostic techniques with the help of well-illustrated diagrams in a user friendly language. A sound foundation of understanding of congenital disorders is provided in the 3rd section. Section 4 and 5 deal with head and spinal injuries respectively. Section 6th describes neurosurgical conditions in nerve injuries. A comprehensive index is given at last.

Written and edited by outstanding world experts, this is the first portable, single-source volume on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM). It is aimed at all members of the operative team – anesthesiologists, technologists, neurophysiologists, surgeons, and nurses.Now commonplace in procedures that place the nervous system at risk, such as orthopedics, neurosurgery, otologic surgery, vascular surgery, and others, effective IOM requires an unusually high degree of coordination among members of the operative team. The purpose of the book is to help team members acquire a better understanding of one another's roles and thereby to improve the quality of care and patient safety. • Concise and thorough• Comprehensive coverage of monitoring techniques, from deep brain stimulation to cortical mapping • Synoptic coverage of anesthetic management basics• 23 case-based examples of procedures, including surgery of the aortic arch, ENT and anterior neck surgery, intracranial aneurysm clipping, and interventional neuroradiology• Monitoring in the ICU and of cerebral blood flow

The rationale of brain tumor surgery depends on two antagonist goals: on one hand, to optimize the quality of resection, on the other hand, to minimize the risk of permanent postoperative deficit. However, due to the physiological interindividual anatomo-functional variability, increased in cases of cerebral tumors because of the plastic potential of the brain, a study of the interactions between the lesion and the host seems mandatory – in order to understand the individual dynamic organization of the brain, then with the goal to avoid postsurgical sequelae. In this way, new methods of functional brain mapping can be useful for the neurosurgeon. First, before surgery, non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniques (fMRI, PET, MEG) and invasive extraoperative electrical mapping (subdural grids) may allow to study the cortical organization for each patient. Furthermore, Diffusion Tensor Imaging can help to understand the brain connectivity. Thus, the relationships between the tumor and the eloquent areas can be estimated, and these data applied to the surgical planning. Second, during surgery, direct intraoperative electrical stimulation permits to detect with accuracy and reliability, both the cortical sites and the white pathways essential for a given function, at each moment and each place of the tumor removal. Moreover, repeated stimulations all along the surgical act also allow to study the mechanisms of short-term plasticity, induced by the resection itself. This on-line mapping is used to tailor the resection according to cortico-subcortical functional boundaries. Third, postoperative neurofunctional imaging, combined to the precise evaluation of the clinical course and the objective assessment of the location and extent of resection, gives the opportunity to study the mechanisms underlying the functional compensation, i.e. the long-term plasticity. This potential may be used to perform a second surgery with a better quality of resection than the first one, thanks to possible brain remapping. Such a pre-, intra- and post-surgical longitudinal study of dynamic interactions between brain and lesion, allows to better apprehend the distinct patterns of functional redistribution for each patient, thus to apply this knowledge in order: • to better select the surgical indication in brain tumors; • to better inform the patient of the actual risk of transient postoperative deficit; • to better plan the resection (surgical approach, cortico-subcortical boundaries); • to optimize the quality of tumor removal while preserving the functional areas and tracts; • and to plan a specific rehabilitation. Finally, on a fondamental point of view, the association of methods of functional mapping in neurosurgical patients allows to better understand the pathophysiology of brain areas, their connectivity, and the mechanisms of plastic potential of the glio-neurono-synaptic networks.

A practical reference to the medical and surgical treatment of epilepsy The third edition of The Treatment of Epilepsy has been thoroughly updated. It is a reference work, but has a strong practical bias, and is designed to assist neurologists, neurosurgeons and other clinicians at all levels who are involved in the treatment of patients with epilepsy. It is a definitive source of clinical information to guide clinical practice and rational therapy. Written and edited by leading experts, many actively involved with the International League Against Epilepsy, this new edition: covers the recent advances in the principles and approaches to epilepsy therapy, the introduction of new drugs and the development of new surgical techniques contains 26 completely new chapters and 61 new contributors includes pharmacological properties and prescribing information for all drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy features the important contribution of a new editor Jerome Engel Jr, Professor of Neurology at the University of California School of Medicine in Los Angeles.

Textbook of Epilepsy Surgery covers all of the latest advances in the surgical management of epilepsy. The book provides a better understanding of epileptogenic mechanisms in etiologically different types of epilepsy and explains neuronavigation systems. It discusses new neuroimaging techniques, new surgical strategies, and more aggressive surgical approaches in cases with catastrophic epilepsies. The contributors also analyze the improved statistics of surgical outcome in different epilepsy types. This definitive textbook is an invaluable reference for neurologists, neurosurgeons, epilepsy specialists, and those interested in epilepsy and its surgical treatment.

Concise coverage of common temporal bone pathologies in a case-based formatTemporal Bone Imaging is a case-based review of the current techniques for imaging the various temporal bone pathologies frequently encountered in the clinical setting. Detailed discussion of anatomy provides essential background on the complex structure of the temporal bone, as well as the external auditory canal, middle ear and mastoid air cells, facial nerve, and inner ear. Chapters are divided into separate sections based on the anatomic location of the problem, with each chapter addressing a different disease entity.Highlights:Each chapter features succinct descriptions of epidemiology, clinical features, pathology, treatment, and imaging findings for CT and MRI Bulleted lists of pearls highlight important imaging considerations More than 200 high-quality images demonstrate anatomy, pathologic concepts, as well as postoperative outcomesThis book will serve as a valuable reference and refresher for radiologists, neuroradiologists, otologists, and head and neck surgeons. Its concise, case-based presentation will help residents and fellows in radiology and otolaryngology-head and neck surgery prepare for board examinations.

Title from ebook title screen (viewed August 26, 2004).

A major new reference work with entries covering the entire field of communication and speech disorders.A massive reference work on the scale of MITECS (The MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Sciences), The MIT Encyclopedia of Communication Disorders will become the standard reference in this field for both research and clinical use. It offers almost 200 detailed entries, covering the entire range of communication and speech disorders in children and adults, from basic science to clinical diagnosis.MITECD is divided into four sections that reflect the standard categories within the field (also known as speech-language pathology and audiology): Voice, Speech, Language, and Hearing. Within each category, entries are organized into three subsections: Basic Science, Disorders, and Clinical Management. Basic Science includes relevant information on normal anatomy and physiology, physics, psychology and psychophysics, and linguistics; this provides a scientific foundation for entries in the other subsections. The entries that appear under Disorders offer information on the definition and characterization of specific disorders, and tools for their identification and assessment. The Clinical Management subsection describes appropriate interventions, including behavioral, pharmacological, surgical, and prosthetic. Because the approach to communication disorders can be quite different for children and adults, many topics include separate entries reflecting this. Although some disorders that are first diagnosed in childhood may persist in some form throughout adulthood, many disorders can have an onset in either childhood or adulthood, and the timing of onset can have many implications for both assessment and intervention. Topics covered in MITECD include cochlear implants for children and adults, pitch perception, tinnitus, alaryngeal voice and speech rehabilitation, neural mechanisms of vocalization, holistic voice therapy techniques, computer-based approaches to children's speech and language disorders, neurogenic mutism, regional dialect, agrammatism, global aphasia, and psychosocial problems associated with communicative disorders.