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354 results on '"BRECCHIA, Gabriele"'

136. Metabolic adaptations in neonatal mother-deprived rabbits

Author

Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italia, Brecchia, Gabriele, Zerani, Massimo, Bonano, Adriana, Boiti, Cristiano, Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italia, Brecchia, Gabriele, Zerani, Massimo, Bonano, Adriana, and Boiti, Cristiano

Abstract

[EN] In order to study the metabolic adaptation in response to 48 h transient doe-litter separation (DLS) in young rabbits (5 rabbits/d group) between postnatal 9 and 11 d, plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, insulin, leptin, glucose, triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined before (6-8 d), during (9-11 d), and after separation (12-16 d). T3 concentrations in newborn control rabbits gradually increased from 0.6 ng/mL at postnatal 6 d to 1.0 ng/mL at postnatal 16 d, whereas those of T4 remained fairly constant (25 ng/mL) up to postnatal 14 d, when T4 gradually declined to 8 ng/mL. T3 values of DLS newborn rabbits did not differ from those of controls at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 12 d, while T4 concentrations in DLS animals increased, although not significantly, between postnatal 10 and 12 d compared to controls. Insulin concentrations in young control rabbits ranged between 0.6 and 1.0 mg/L in the early postnatal days, whereas those for leptin averaged 2-3 ng/mL. Insulin and leptin values in DLS newborn rabbits were lower (P<0.05) at postnatal 10 and 11 d, but thereafter rebounded to levels close to those of controls. Glycaemia showed a comparable trend in both groups, ranging between 170 and 190 mg/dL up to postnatal 14 d, but thereafter decreased (P<0.05) to values of 120-130 mg/dL independently of treatment. Concentrations of TG varied greatly from day to day around a mean value of 300 mg/dL, whereas those of FFA remained at approximately the same steady-state levels from postnatal 6 to 16 d, averaging 0.8 mM without any significant differences between groups. In conclusion, these findings confirm that newborn rabbits can cope with the metabolic stress of starvation associated with DLS by lowering insulin and leptin concentrations while maintaining those of thyroid hormones, an overall endocrine response which, together with temporary increase of glucorticoids, successfully maintains an adequat

Published
2010

149. Goji Berry (Lycium barbarum) Supplementation during Pregnancy Influences Insulin Sensitivity in Rabbit Does but Not in Their Offspring.

Author

Brecchia, Gabriele, Sulce, Majlind, Curone, Giulio, Barbato, Olimpia, Canali, Claudio, Troisi, Alessandro, Munga, Albana, Polisca, Angela, Agradi, Stella, Ceccarini, Maria Rachele, Vigo, Daniele, Quattrone, Alda, Draghi, Susanna, and Menchetti, Laura

Subjects
*GESTATIONAL diabetes, *BERRIES, *INSULIN sensitivity, *ADULT children, *PREGNANCY, *DIETARY supplements, *RABBITS
Abstract

Simple Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. History of gestational diabetes is a proven risk factor, while diet may be a strategy for its prevention. Goji berry is the fruit of Lycium barbarum and a traditional medicinal herb with potential antidiabetic and hypoglycemic effects. This study evaluated the effect of two doses of Goji berry dietary supplementations on insulin sensitivity in rabbit does during pregnancy by using fasting and intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived indices. A long-term effect on the offspring was also hypothesised. The rabbit was a good experimental model for this study of insulin sensitivity as the tolerance test was feasible and sensitive to dietary modifications. The higher dose of Goji berry supplementation reduced the maximum glucose concentration after bolus administration, suggesting an improvement in the insulin response. Conversely, the present study could not support the effect of maternal diet on the adult offspring's insulin sensitivity. The use of nutraceuticals as well as the hypothesis of foetal programming of metabolic diseases deserve further study. This study investigated the effects of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) dietary supplementation during pregnancy on insulin sensitivity of rabbit does and their offspring. Starting from two months before the artificial insemination, 75 New Zealand White does were fed only commercial standard diet (C) or supplemented with 1% (G1) and 3% (G3) of Goji berries. Their offspring received a standard diet but kept the nomenclature of the mother's group. Fasting and intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived indices were estimated at 21 days of pregnancy on rabbit does and at 90 days of age on the offspring. No difference was found in the fasting indices, while the diet modulated the response to glucose load of rabbit does. In particular, G3 group had the lowest glucose concentrations 5 min after the bolus administration (p < 0.05) and, as a result, differed in the parameters calculated during the elimination phase such as the elimination rate constant (Kel), the half-life of the exogenous glucose load (t1/2), and apparent volume of distribution (Vd; for all, p < 0.05). The high dose of Goji supplementation could thus enhance the first-phase glucose-induced insulin secretion. Findings on the offspring were inconsistent and therefore a long-term effect of Goji supplementation during pregnancy could not be demonstrated. Further study on the effect of Goji on the secretory pathway of insulin could clarify its hypoglycaemic action, while different protocols are needed to investigate its potential effects on foetal programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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150. Ob receptor in rabbit ovary and leptin in vitroregulation of corpora lutea

Author

Zerani, Massimo, Boiti, Cristiano, Zampini, Danilo, Brecchia, Gabriele, Dall’Aglio, Cecilia, Ceccarelli, Piero, and Gobbetti, Anna

Abstract

We studied leptin involvement in rabbit corpora lutea (CL) activity, and its post-transcriptional signalling pathway. The expression of leptin receptor (Ob-R) in rabbit ovary at day 9 of pseudopregnancy was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The specificity of the Ob-R receptor antibodies was characterised by immunoprecipitation and competition with blocking peptide. Day 9 CL were incubated in vitrowith leptin alone or with inhibitors of PLC (phospholipase C), PLD (phospholipase D), AC (adenylate cyclase), JAK (janus kinase), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and both cAMP- and cGMP-specific PDE (phosphodiesterase). Prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α), PGE2 and progesterone levels were measured in the culture medium, while NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and cAMP- and cGMP- specific PDE activities were measured in CL tissue. Positive staining for Ob-R was found within the cytoplasm of large luteal cells of CL as well as in granulosa cells of follicles and oocytes. Immunoblots detected a band of about 99 kDa size in Ob-R immunoprecipitates from CL homogenates. This band was not detectable after pre-incubation of the primary antibody with the immunising leptin peptide. Leptin increased PGF2αand cAMP-specific PDE, decreased basal progesterone and did not affect PGE2 and NOS levels. Leptin used the JAK pathway in increasing PGF2α, and MAPK and cAMP-specific PDE in decreasing progesterone. This study supports a permissive luteolytic role for leptin in rabbit CL.

Published
2004
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