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In order to meet the ever-growing global demands for food, healthcare, and energy, among other sources, the twenty-first century has seen a significant surge in the use of microalgae. They have seen applications in varied industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to energy to even the food industry, where its role as a source of proteins shines the most among other bioactive compounds. The microalgal biomass has the innate ability to grow in varied ecological conditions and has diverse compositions. While not economically competitive with fossil fuels or other renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, microalgal sources are technically viable, and a multitude of resources and time have been poured into the research of microalgal renewable fuels (biodiesel, ethanol, hydrogen, etc.). The rich diversity of microalgae, which is still underutilized, provides a variety of physiologically active metabolites of economic importance. These bioactive metabolites have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The microalgal biomass is a rich source of various compounds such as fatty acids, carotenoids, polysterols, and phenolics that can be utilized to synthesize pharmaceutical compounds and other nutraceuticals. Considering microalgae as a superfood, space food, functional food, strong agent for detoxification with high content of micro and macronutrients has found potential application in occupational, systematic, and life style disorders subsequently enhancing immunity. The path from algal research to the launching of new food products or dietary supplements is strongly affected by industrial, regulatory, and nutritional considerations. Our purpose is to review and assess what is known about different food components (i.e., proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, potential toxicants) in the context of improving knowledge about the efficacy of algal foods as nutraceuticals. This review will add be an asset for food, pharma, nutra, and cosmetic sector.

Depression is a psychiatric disorder leading to anhedonia and lack of interest and motivation. Depressive symptoms are triggered by stressful life events, and patients with major depression are at significantly increased risk of attempting suicide. The crucial concern in depression treatment with antidepressant medications is that few weeks are required to show the therapeutic effect along with moderate side effects. The use of herbal medications is a new strategy for the treatment of depression which is often based on medicinal plants.Rats were divided in 5 groups. The control group was not subjected to experimental CUMS paradigm, while 4 other groups were subjected to CUMS paradigm to induce depression-like behaviour from day 1 to day 28. Following the CUMS paradigm, 4 groups were divided as CUMS disease control, CUMS+EAM (150 mg/kg, p.o.), CUMS+EAM (300 mg/kg, p.o.), and CUMS+imipramine (15 mg/kg, p.o.), and treatment was given for seven consecutive days to the respective groups (day 29 to day 35). Behavioural parameters such as open field test, forced swim test, sucrose feeding test, and tail suspension test on day 1, day 28, and day 35 were measured, and biochemical parameters such as plasma corticosterone level, serotonergic system (5-HT, 5-HIAA, and 5-HT/5-HIAA), mitochondrial function, and proinflammatory mediators (TNF-On day 35, EAM (300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time during the tail suspension test from 208.66 ± 4.72 s to 108.83 ± 4.81 s and forced swim test from 200.16 ± 4.12 s to 148.5 ± 4.58 s. It also enhanced the behavioural parameters in the open field test such as ambulation from 26.5 ± 2.14 to 56.5 ± 1.80, rearing from 8.33 ± 0.71 to 19 ± 0.57, time spent in centre from 9.16 ± 0.9 to 17.16 ± 0.79 s, total distance travelled from 2.36 ± 0.12 to 4.68 ± 0.10 m, and anhedonia in the sucrose feeding test from 109.33 ± 1.08 to 135.83 ± 3.91 mL. The stimulation of the HPA axis resulting elevated corticosterone level caused by CUMS was reduced by EAM (300 mg/kg) from 80.12 ± 2.020 to 48.25 ± 2.407 On the basis of findings, EAM can be inferred as a potential antidepressant-like effect of this plan in preclinical research.

All the countries are facing serious problems affecting their economic growth. In 2020, many countries faced negative GDP per capita growth due to the coronavirus pandemic. Therefore, this chapter investigates how coronavirus (COVID-19) affected international trade (IT) and how this changed over time. Secondly, the authors analyzed how international trade collapsed. Thirdly, the chapter highlights the negative effects of COVID-19 on international trade including economic sectors. Furthermore, it discussed the opportunities and forthcoming policies and what kinds of actions have been taken by the government bodies.

This article presents a miniaturized three-dimensional super wideband antenna with filtering capabilities. A conventional rectangular patch antenna has been modified by truncating its corners with semi-circles and a trapezoidal shaped partial ground plane is utilized to achieve super wideband performance. The planar design is later extended to a 3D design with the addition of three dielectric cuboids in the radiator. The cuboids are inserted at low current density regions within the operating range to achieve miniaturization com-pared to the planar antenna. The impedance bandwidth of the 3D antenna is ~17.55 GHz, measured from 2.45 to 20 GHz. The filtering capabilities are achieved by means of an upside-down T-shaped resonator introduced in the center of the patch and two U-shaped slots etched from the patch. In total, three interfering communication bands are rejected, WiMAX (3.2–3.8 GHz),IEEE 802.11/WLAN (5.17–5.33 GHz), and ITU (7.7–8.5 GHz). The proposed antenna is miniaturized as it merely has an overall size of 0.20λl x 0.19λw x 0.011λh mm3 (corresponds to 2.45 GHz) compared to the relevant literature. The design has been analyzed using an equivalent circuit model, fabricated and measured for validation. The simulated and measured results are found well in agreement.

Streptomyces strains are powerhouses for a diverse range of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, anticancer and immunosuppressive agents, and enzymes. Here, we report the genome sequence of Streptomyces sp. strain PSAA01, which was isolated from a soil sample taken in Manas National Park, Assam, India, in the eastern Himalayan foothills of India.

In this work, three actual impeller geometries of identical size, with backward, radial, and forward flow passages in the same volute casing, are experimentally analysed and numerically simulated to understand the flow physics characteristics and the performance mapping under different flowrate conditions. A grid independence test is carried out for the whole computational domain to capture complex flow behaviour inside blades. The three-dimensional numerical analysis is performed under steady flow conditions, and for a rotational domain, a moving reference frame approach (frozen rotor method) is used. The results obtained from experimental and simulated cases for backward, radial, and forward curved centrifugal fans with varying mass flowrates shows that static pressure and total pressure are increased with an increase in rotation speed and the static pressure gradient is higher in forward curved blades than in backward and radial bladed centrifugal fans. A blade’s low and high-pressure regions along the suction and pressure sides are visualised by numerical analysis. The degree of recirculation within blade passages, flow reversal and vortex formation in volute and tongue regions is observed to be different in all three types of flow passages, which clearly describes its influence on the performance characteristics of centrifugal fans.

Formaldehyde is extensively and commonly used in Department of Anatomy for preservation of biological specimens as well as cadavers. Formaldehyde being a noxious chemical, may cause respiratory health problems among 1st year medical students attending dissection periodically as a part of MBBS curriculum. The following study was planned to observe the effect of formaldehyde vapours on heart rate, blood pressure, percentage oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate of 1st year medical students who are routinely exposed to formalin vapours periodically. Randomly selected fifty medical students [Mean (SD) age of 18.94 (0.65) years] were assessed within 1week of admission to college and re-examined at intervals of 1 month and 6 months. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analysed using Epi Info software version 7. There was a decrease in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, SpO2 values and respiratory rate (on comparing values after 6 months with that of baseline values) but it was not statistically significant. But it may be statistically significate after 1 year of periodical exposure and it could also be due to lower quantity of formalin exposure owing to the proper ventilation of the dissection hall as per the MCI regulations. KEY WORDS: Formaldehyde, heat rate, blood pressure, SpO2, respiratory rate.

Citrus, mainly mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), is an economically important fruit crop in Bhutan. Despite having favorable agroclimatic conditions for citrus cultivation, the early decline of fruit-bearing orchards coupled with low crop productivity is a major concern among citrus growers. During a recent survey, an association of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (citrus greening) and citrus tristeza virus (CTV), either singly or as mixed infections in declined citrus trees, was recorded in all four major citrus-growing districts (Tsirang, Dagana, Zhemgang, and Sarpang). Using PCR-based diagnosis, a higher incidence of citrus greening (27.45%) and tristeza (70.58%) was observed in symptomatic field samples. Detection and characterization of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ was performed based on the 16S ribosomal DNA, prophage gene, 50S ribosomal rplA-rplJ gene, and tandem repeats of the CLIBASIA_01645 locus. Similarly, the coat protein, p23, and p18 genes were used as genetic markers for the detection and characterization of Bhutanese CTV. The ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ isolates from Bhutan segregated into classes II and III based on the CLIBASIA_01645 locus, analogous to Indian isolates from the northeast region and Term-A based on the CLIBASIA_05610 locus. CTV isolates of Bhutan were observed as closely related to the VT strain, which is considered to be the most devastating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on molecular characterization of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ and CTV isolates and their association with citrus decline in Bhutan.

In the precision fabrication industries, ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding is widely utilized for the finishing of “difficult-to-cut” materials due to its intermittent cutting mechanism and brittle-to-ductile mode machining. In this study, a two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of single grit ultrasonic vibration-assisted dry grinding (UVADG) and conventional dry grinding (CDG) of AISI D2 steel has been developed, which taken into account the influence of longitudinal ultrasonic vibration on the workpiece with variable downfeed. The effects of ultrasonic vibration and downfeed on the chip formation mechanism, temperature field, grinding force, and equivalent stress and strain were evaluated by analytical and simulation methods. The results show that the formation of the grinding chips under UVADG is much shorter and straighter than CDG mode at all respective downfeed. The validation experiment compared the simulated and experimental grinding force in both grinding modes to verify the reliability of the FEM results. The validation results demonstrate that the FEM model can accurately describe the single grit UVADG and CDG grinding. At each downfeed, the CDG mode has generated a larger equivalent plastic strain than the UVADG mode, resulting in a higher thermomechanical load on the workpiece. According to the findings, UVADG mode has the least plastic damage on the ground surface, which may improve the surface integrity of the ground component.

Since the first moderate resolution, structural description of Taxol bound to tubulin by electron crystallography in 1998, several tubulin crystal systems have been developed and optimized for the high-resolution analysis of tubulin-ligand complexes by X-ray crystallography. Here we describe three tubulin crystal systems that have allowed investigating the molecular mechanisms of action of a large number of diverse anti-tubulin agents.

Nowadays, precision manufacturing industries are required faster surface inspection tools for the achievement of high productivity. In this context, the Barkhausen noise (BN) technique is adopted as a quick response technique in the grinding for qualitative evaluation of surface integrity of AISI D2 tool steel. Present work investigates the effect of eco-friendly coolant, i.e., cryogenic, on surface integrity of ground sample in the plunge grinding mode at different downfeed and compared with dry and wet environments. Surface integrity was assessed in respect of surface roughness, microstructure, and microhardness. Magnetic response of ground surface was reported by Barkhausen noise analyzer in the form of root mean square (rms), peak, and number of pulses. From the outcomes, it was perceived that no significant variations were found in the microstructure and microhardness of the ground surface and subsurface after cryo-grinding owing to lower thermo-mechanical loading. Besides, lower surface roughness was obtained in the case of cryo-grinding because of thermal softening effect. A linear correlation between BN input parameters, i.e., magnetic field intensity and BN responses at different magnetizing frequency could be achieved. Finally, better BN responses, including higher rms, peak, and number of pulses, were found under the cryogenic environment.

Huanglongbing is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Present control and management could not remove the huanglongbing disease. ZnuA...

Centrioles are microtubule-based structures involved in cell division and ciliogenesis. Centriole formation is a highly regulated cellular process and aberrations in centriole structure, size or numbers have implications in multiple human pathologies. In this review, we propose that the proteins that control centriole length can be subdivided into two classes based on their antagonistic activities on centriolar microtubules, which we refer to as 'centriole elongation activators' (CEAs) and 'centriole elongation inhibitors' (CEIs). We discuss and illustrate the structure-function relationship of CEAs and CEIs as well as their interaction networks. Based on our current knowledge, we formulate some outstanding open questions in the field and present possible routes for future studies.

This paper presents an analysis of microstrip patch antennas with different dielec-tric/magnetic substrate profiles in an attempt to obtain operating frequency reduction. Initially, different ridge shapes in the substrate were examined. An in-depth investigation of the ridge shape and its dimensions on the antenna performance has been carried out. Subsequently an antenna with a magnetic-slab loaded in the prime magnetic-field region beneath the patch is proposed. The new magnetic loaded antenna design is aimed to reduce the resonant frequency of a conventional patch and reduce the profile of an earlier design with a substrate ridge. Various magnetic materials have been embedded within the original dielectric substrate of the patch antenna. Measured results validated the hypothesis that this frequency can be reduced by placing magnetic materials at the centre of the patch. The achieved gain is expected to be further enhanced by using forthcoming magnetic materials with improved performance.

Grinding generates a lot of heat in the grinding zone area during operation. Therefore, it is important to keep the temperature under control by using various cutting fluids to get a good ground surface quality. The existence of a stiff air layer surrounding the abrasive wheel is known to waste most of the cutting fluid supply in the interface area between the abrasive wheel and workpiece. Due to the high grinding speed, stiff air layers prevent cutting fluids from entering the interface area. Hence, to enhance the grinding performance, cryogenic cooling has been introduced to improve the penetration into the stiff air layer. The current work investigates the grindability of the ground surface of AISI D2 tool steel under different environments: dry, wet, and cryogenic, regarding grinding forces (i.e. tangential and normal force), specific grinding energy, and surface characterisation. This paper also proposed a method to evaluate image-based Abbott–Firestone curve (bearing area curve) parameters to characterise the ground surface topography. Significant reductions in grinding forces (64%–67% and 44%–50% in Ft, 54%–58% and 34%–39% in Fn), low specific grinding energy (64%–67% and 44%–50%), decrease in surface roughness (46%–51% and 30%–36% in Ra, 37%–41% and 31%–35% in Rz), improved 2D and 3D roughness profiles and higher bearing area ratio (89.54%) were observed at 40 µm downfeed in cryogenic cooling environments compared to dry and wet environments, respectively. Thus, observations show the importance of cryogenic cooling across the experimental domain.

Natural fibers, are environmental friendly, biodegradable, abundantl, renewable and cheap with low density. Plant fibers are light compared to glass, carbon and aramid fibers. The biodegradability of plant fibers contribute to a healthy ecosystem while their low cost and high performance fulfills the economic interest. The effect of fiber content on the properties of natural fiber reinforced composites is particularly significance. Important factor that significantly influences the properties and interfacial characteristics of the composites is the processing parameters used. Biocomposites offers a significant market in automotive and decking market but application in other sectors has been limited. Green composites are promising because they are renewable, biodegradable and sustainable for non-renewable composites.

Objective: In vitro shoot regeneration of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight and Arn. is an endangered endemic medicinal plant using biotechnological interventions and to conserve this threatened species. Methods: In the present study, various explants such as shoot tip, leaf, and nodal segments were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog media augmented with different hormonal regimes of auxin and cytokinin combinations, namely, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), benzyl adenine (BAP), 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), and triacontanol (TRIA). Results: Direct regeneration of shoots obtained in 3.0 mg/l 2iP alone and in combination with 0.1 mg/l IAA and/or 1.0 mg/l BAP exhibited the best response with average shootlet length being 6.5±0.17–8.0±0.92 cm, respectively, and percentage response was between 68% and 75%. The callus induced regeneration was obtained from both nodal and leaf explants with maximum response (85%) observed in combination of (2.0 mg/l) 2iP, (1.0 mg/l) IAA and (2.0 mg/l) kinetin with multiple shoots showing mean shoot number of 1.83 and average shootlet length of 6.3±0.19 cm. Conclusions: The current research provides a competent in vitro propagation method for Decalepis which could be commercialized for developing identical plants with good mass multiplication rate and for better conservation of the germplasm.

The aim of this article is two-fold. Firstly, it identifies and maps out a new presence in race discourse in the UK arts and higher education, under the heading of 'US Black Critical Thought'. Secondly, it seeks to situate 'US Black Critical Thought' and its growing impact upon intellectual and aesthetic discourses on race in the UK through the lens of the longer-term project of 'Black British Cultural Studies'. The article traces the formation and eventual dissolving of 'Black British Cultural Studies' from the early 1980s to the late 1990s, and suggests that 'US Black Critical Thought' has energised a cohort of younger thinkers and artists in Britain, following a period where the intellectual left side-lined race as a serious category of theoretical or critical analysis.

Infectious diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites remain a global public health threat. The presence of multiple ligand‐binding sites in tubulin makes this protein an attractive target for anti‐parasite drug discovery. However, despite remarkable successes as anti‐cancer agents, the rational development of protozoan parasite‐specific tubulin drugs has been hindered by a lack of structural and biochemical information on protozoan tubulins. Here, we present atomic structures for a protozoan tubulin and microtubule and delineate the architectures of apicomplexan tubulin drug‐binding sites. Based on this information, we rationally designed the parasite‐specific tubulin inhibitor parabulin and show that it inhibits growth of parasites while displaying no effects on human cells. Our work presents for the first time the rational design of a species‐specific tubulin drug providing a framework to exploit structural differences between human and protozoa tubulin variants enabling the development of much‐needed, novel parasite inhibitors., In an effort to discover novel drug‐scaffolds targeting unique parasite proteins and pathways, specific inhibition of parasite tubulin was achieved using structure‐guided rational drug design.

Phthalate, a plasticizer, endocrine disruptor, and potential carcinogen, is degraded by a variety of bacteria. This degradation is initiated by phthalate dioxygenase (PDO), a Rieske oxygenase (RO) that catalyzes the dihydroxylation of phthalate to a dihydrodiol. PDO has long served as a model for understanding ROs despite a lack of structural data. Here we purified PDOKF1 from Comamonas testosteroni KF1 and found that it had an apparent kcat/Km for phthalate of 0.58 ± 0.09 μM−1s−1, over 25-fold greater than for terephthalate. The crystal structure of the enzyme at 2.1 A resolution revealed that it is a hexamer comprising two stacked α3 trimers, a configuration not previously observed in RO crystal structures. We show that within each trimer, the protomers adopt a head-to-tail configuration typical of ROs. The stacking of the trimers is stabilized by two extended helices, which make the catalytic domain of PDOKF1 larger than that of other characterized ROs. Complexes of PDOKF1 with phthalate and terephthalate revealed that Arg207 and Arg244, two residues on one face of the active site, position these substrates for regiospecific hydroxylation. Consistent with their roles as determinants of substrate specificity, substitution of either residue with alanine yielded variants that did not detectably turnover phthalate. Together, these results provide critical insights into a pollutant-degrading enzyme that has served as a paradigm for ROs and facilitate the engineering of this enzyme for bioremediation and biocatalytic applications.

The native pumpkin 2S albumin, a multifunctional protein, possess a variety of potential biotechnologically exploitable properties. The present study reports the characterization of recombinant pumpkin 2S albumin (rP2SA) and unraveling of its potential DNA/RNA binding site. The purification and characterization of the rP2SA established that it retains the characteristic α-helical structure and exhibited comparable DNase, RNase, antifungal and anti-proliferative activities as native protein. In vitro studies revealed that rP2SA exhibits potent antiviral activity against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) at a non-toxic concentration with an IC50 of 114.5 μg/mL. In silico studies and site-directed mutagenesis were employed to unravel the potential DNA/RNA binding site. A strong positive charge distribution due to presence of many arginine residues in proximity of helix 5 was identified as a potential site. The two of the arginine residues, conserved in some 2S albumins, were selected for the mutation studies. The mutated forms of recombinant protein (R84A and R91A) showed a drastic reduction in DNase and RNase activities suggesting their presence at binding site and involvement in the nuclease activity. A metal binding site was also identified adjacent to DNA/RNA binding site. The present study demonstrated the structural and functional integrity of the rP2SA and reports potential antiviral activity against CHIKV. Further, potential DNA/RNA binding site was unraveled through mutation studies and bioinformatics analysis.

This paper addresses the angular misalignment problem in the far-field Microwave Power Transfer systems operating at 5.8GHz using the proposed 3D polarized field-forming technique. A 3D rotating E-field is generated by using a distributed antenna system to achieve this objective. The system is analyzed to understand the effect of 3D rotating E-field in comparison to the 2D E-field (circular polarization). The analytical results are verified using a commercial simulator and prove the potential of the proposed 3D polarized field-forming technique to achieve an orientation-insensitive MPT system to power a freely rotating receiver node.

Dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs) are heme-containing peroxidases, which have promising application in biodegradation of phenolic lignin compounds and in detoxification of dyes. In this study, the crystal structure of BsDyP- veratryl alcohol (VA) complex delves deep into the binding of small substrate molecules within the DyP heme cavity. The biochemical analysis shows that BsDyP oxidizes the VA with a turnover number of 0.065 s−1, followed by the oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and guaiacol with a comparable turnover number (kcat) of 0.07 s−1 and 0.07 s−1, respectively. Moreover, biophysical and computational studies reveal the comparable binding affinity of substrates to BsDyP and produce lower-energy stable BsDyP-ligand(s) complexes. All together with our previous findings, we are providing a complete structural description of substrate-binding sites in DyP. The structural insight of BsDyP helps to modulate its engineering to enhance the activity towards the oxidation of a wide range of substrates.

Here, we have demonstrated that on modification of linear polyethylenimine (lPEI, LP) with amphiphilic 3-bromopropyltetramethylguanidinium (PTMG) linker, the transfection efficiency exhibited by the modified polymers decreased while cell viability improved. A series of LP-PTMG polymers was synthesized by the reaction of varying amounts of 3-bromopropyl tetramethylguanidinium linker with lPEI (25 kDa). These modified polymers interacted efficiently with pDNA and formed nanosized complexes as shown by dynamic light scattering analysis. The size of the complexes in the series LP-PTMG/pDNA was observed in the range of ∼178–205 nm. The interaction of modified polymers with plasmid DNA was stronger than linear PEI as evidenced by heparin release assay which showed ∼83% pDNA release from LP-PTMG-3/pDNA complexes in comparison to ∼95% in lPEI/pDNA complexes on treatment with same amount of heparin suggesting the formation of self-assembled structures in modified polymers. The transfection studies in HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells showed a decrease in transfection efficiency of LP-PTMG polymers, the reason for this may be strong binding of modified polymers with pDNA due to accumulation of charge on the surface. This finding showed the significance of optimum binding of polymer and DNA to form polyplexes as well as release of DNA from the polyplexes.

Development of photo-bioreactors (PBRs) has been accelerated owing to their potential application in the production of algal biofuel. But the application of PBRs should be looked beyond fuel and towards feed items/wastewater treatment solutions it can provide. The PBRs discussed in the review are broadly divided into two major categories, that is, open and closed type. The open PBRs are simple open pond systems while closed ones include vertical, flat plate, tubular, foil and recently developed porous substrate bioreactor. The efficiency of all PBRs depends on the surface-to-volume illumination ratio apart from mixing. The recently developed porous substrate bioreactor is technologically superior to its predecessors in terms of water usage and does not require biomass separation. The authors emphasize on the development of PBRs with the hope that their success would match as that of solar energy panels for power generation which have come a long way from the laboratory to real-world applications.

Citrus greening (huanglongbing) is the most destructive disease of citrus worldwide caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLA). Currently, no strategies have been developed to manage the Huanglongbing (HLB) disease and to stop the spreading of this disease to new citrus areas. Esbp is an extracellular solute-binding protein, involved in the uptake of iron in CLA. Thus, inhibiting this process may be a promising approach to design a drug against CLA. Thus, the present study focused on the identification of novel effective inhibitors which can inhibit the activity of CLas Esbp. A series of small molecules were screened against the CLas Esbp and the binding affinities were assessed using docking simulation studies. Top scored molecules were screened for different pharmacophore properties and Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) values. Density functional theory was employed to check the chemical properties of the molecules. Further, Molecular Dynamics simulation analysis like RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA and MMPBSA results reveal that the identified molecules (ZINC03143779, ZINC05491830, ZINC19210425, ZINC08750867, and ZINC14671545) exhibit a good binding affinity for CLas Esbp and results in the formation of stable CLas Esbp-inhibitor(s) complex. The present study reported that these compounds appeared to be the suitable novel inhibitor of CLas Esbp and pave the way to further development of antimicrobial agents against CLA.

Ultra-wide band (UWB) is an attractive technology for innovative in-vehicle wireless communications requiring high data rates and multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) a suitable scheme for the accomplishment due to its high performance, low-power and low-cost characteristics. To contribute toward improved UWB MB-OFDM communications inside vehicles, a channel-based antenna synthesis technique to customise in-vehicle UWB antennas that reduce ‘blind spots’ in the communication channel is proposed and presented. For the realisation, a comprehensive analysis was utilised and comprised an in-car channel evaluation including bit-error-rate (BER) estimations and radiation pattern-and-source syntheses. The channel was measured using a standard antenna to set up the base of the experiments and the distribution of the impulse responses and signal-to-noise ratios in the vehicle's passenger plane shown. The currently available IEEE 802.15.3a channel models were perceived unrealistic for the in-vehicle application and the reason for measuring the channel practically. Using these specific channel measurements, the synthesised pattern is unveiled and consequently the channel-based antenna synthesis technique used to predict the antenna source. The antenna with optimised pattern-and-source showed an improved BER performance compared with the standard antenna in this application; that is, a figure of merit of 37.73% minimised ‘blind spots’.

Aim An integrated protocol of virtual screening involving molecular docking, pharmacophore probing, and simulations was established to identify small novel molecules targeting crucial residues involved in the variant apoE e4 to mimic its behavior as apoE2 thereby eliminating the amyloid plaque accumulation and facilitating its clearance. Materials and Methods An excellent ligand-based and structure-based approach was made to identify common pharmacophoric features involving structure-based docking with respect to apoE e4 leading to the development of apoE e4 inhibitors possessing new scaffolds. An effort was made to design multiple-substituted triazine derivatives series bearing a novel scaffold. A structure-based pharmacophore mapping was developed to explore the binding sites of apoE e4 which was taken into consideration. Subsequently, virtual screening, ADMET, DFT searches were at work to narrow down the proposed hits to be forwarded as a potential drug likes candidates. Further, the binding patterns of the best-proposed hits were studied and were forwarded for molecular dynamic simulations of 10 ns for its structural optimization. Results Selectivity profile for the most promising candidates was studied, revealing significantly C13 and C15 to be the most potent compounds. The proposed hits can be forwarded for further study against apoE e4 involved in neurological disorder Alzheimer’s.

In this study, first of its kind novel design of forced draft paddy straw bale combustor (FDPSBC) coupled with innovative pilot fuel injection system (PFIS) and furnace embedded internal water heat-exchanger for large scale water heating is presented. PFIS is optimized to spray 1.5 ml of diesel after every 3 min interval to achieve complete combustion of the compressed bale by maintaining the flame sustainability. Stainless steel heat-exchanger has 62 L water holding capacity circulating at the rate of 36 L per min using the heat of flue gas and has the capacity to heat 1000 L of water from 30 °C to 65 °C within three hours. Heat of combustion (>90% combustion efficiency) was utilized to generate flue gas at 350 °C and hot water above 65 °C applied to 100 m2 area greenhouse heating located at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (30.56°N), Punjab, India by designing two heat sink pipe networks; flue gas heat sink pipe network (FGHSPN) fabricated with galvanized iron (GI) and hot water heat sink pipe network (HWHSPN) fabricated with mild steel (MS) respectively laid inside the greenhouse for transfer of heat by radiation and free convection modes. Developed mathematical models showed that FGHSPN was able to transfer 9.6 kW (74%) and where as HWHSPN could transfer 3.38 kW (26%) of heat respectively out of the total heat (12.98 kW) transferred by both the networks to maintain the greenhouse air temperature 10 °C higher than the ambient air temperature after sunset hours as validated by experimental trials conducted in the month of November 2017. Installation cost of FDPSBC technology is Rs 5,00,000 ($8000) and with 24 h continuous operation, it can save about 80 kWh per day and can recover the 50% of installation and operating costs within five years time besides managing about 27% of the total paddy straw available in the state of Punjab (India) through useful heating applications including greenhouse heating.