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104. Current and future salinity intrusion in the South-Western coastal region of Bangladesh

Author

Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Cerdà, Artemi, Duarte Santos, Filipe, Schmidt, Luisa, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Cerdà, Artemi, Duarte Santos, Filipe, and Schmidt, Luisa

Abstract

The southwestern coastal regions of Bangladesh (SWCRB) are highly exposed to saltwater intrusions brought about through cyclones and storm surges. These salinity intrusions are contributing to soil and water salinity in the coastal areas. This study aimed to determine the impact of these salinity intrusions on the quality of water and soil in three vulnerable coastal areas. In this investigation, water and soil samples were collected and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and other trace elements. The analysis found many of the parameters to be higher than the recommended values. The study found that in soil samples there was a significant correlation between OM and ECe dS/m, as well as K and TN; and a highly significant correlation between TN and OM. This study further examined the historical salinity data at low and high tides to determine any patterns occurring alongside storm surges and cyclones. Water salinity statistics were obtained from the three locations of the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), which neighbours the study area. A Digital Evaluation Model (DEM) predicts the salinity induced by storm gushes in the corresponding impacted zones. Lastly, the study compared projections for future storm surges at current and predicted sea levels. Potential storm gushes circumstances from 1 to 9 m can impact up to 33% of the nation and 97% of the Shyamnagar Upazila. The occurrence of cyclone-related storms will increase and make cultivation and settlement in the region difficult. The predicted sea-level rises and saltwater contamination will intensify the adverse effects of salinity

Published
2022

105. Rice: Role and Responses Under Abiotic Stress

Author

Abdel Latef, Arafat Abdel Hamed, Rahman, Mohammad Mahfujur, Ibrahim, Md., Muktadir, Md Abdul, Sadeque, Abdus, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Abdel Latef, Arafat Abdel Hamed, Rahman, Mohammad Mahfujur, Ibrahim, Md., Muktadir, Md Abdul, Sadeque, Abdus, and Ashrafuzzaman, Md

Abstract

The effects of abiotic stresses in rice cultivations are drastic and significantly hamper global production. Continued changing environments are accelerating and enhancing the deleterious effects on rice, a staple food crop in many Asian countries. Different biochemical and physiological processes of the rice plants are severely affected due to stresses and, thereby, is threatening the growth, yields, and production. Therefore, it is essential to explore the mechanisms of morphophysiological and biochemical responses of rice plants against different abiotic stresses. With this view, we highlighted and discussed the responses of rice against major abiotic stresses, namely, salinity, ozone, drought, and submergence, in this chapter. These pieces of information can be helpful to figure out the possible mechanisms to minimize the harmful effects of different abiotic stresses on rice, which will ultimately ensure food security.

Published
2022

122. Fisheries in the Context of Attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh: COVID-19 Impacts and Future Prospects

Author

Sunny, Atiqur Rahman, Prodhan, Shamsul Haque, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Mithun, Mahmudul Hasan, Hussain, Monayem, Alam, Md Tariqul, Rashid, Aminur, and Hossain, Mohammad Mosarof

Subjects
anatomy_morphology
Abstract

Bangladesh has achieved tremendous progress in the fisheries sector that is making evidential contribution to food security, nutrition and livelihoods. Based on secondary data collected from the Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh and related un-published grey literature, this paper highlights the performance and challenges of the fisheries with emphasis on COVID-19 impact as well as the significance of this sector for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The total fish production is increased more than six times over the last three decades (7.54 to 43.84 lakh MT) due to the dissemination of improved culture techniques and extension services. Inland closed water contributions have been increasing to 16.24%, while inland open water have declined 10.23% and marine fisheries have dropped 6.27% over the past 18 financial years (2000-2001 to 2018-2019). COVID-19, a major health crisis has also affects various issues associated with aquatic resources and communities. Transportation obstacles and complexity in the food supply, abstraction to start production, labour crisis, sudden illness, poor consumer demand, commodity price hike, creditor's pressure and reduced income were identified as affecting COVID-19 drivers. The combined effect of these drivers poses a significant threat to people’s income (SDG1- eliminate poverty), nutrition (SDG2- erase hunger), food security (SDG3- good health and wellbeing, and SDG12- responsible consumption and production) that demands comprehensive actions. Several recommendations have been elicited, which are important to implement for the achievement of SDGs as well management and imprvement of the aquatic sector (SDG14- life below and SDG16- life above water) .

Published
2021

125. Fisheries in the Context of Attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh: COVID-19 Impacts and Future Prospects

Author

Sunny, Atiqur Rahman, primary, Mithun, Mahmudul Hasan, additional, Prodhan, Shamsul Haque, additional, Ashrafuzzaman, Md., additional, Rahman, Syed Mohammad Aminur, additional, Billah, Md Masum, additional, Hussain, Monayem, additional, Ahmed, Khandaker Jafor, additional, Sazzad, Sharif Ahmed, additional, Alam, Md Tariqul, additional, Rashid, Aminur, additional, and Hossain, Mohammad Mosarof, additional

Published
2021
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129. Floristic Study of Karnaphuli Range in Kaptai Reserve Forest, Rangamati, Bangladesh

Author

Abdullah, Md RIshad, AKM, Golam Sarwar, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, and Rahman, Md Mustafizur

Subjects
forestry, other
Abstract

A botnical survey was conducted in Kaptai reserve forests under Rangamati district in Bangladesh to study the flora of Karnaphuli range from May 2015 to October 2018. The survey was accompanied by a collection of voucher specimens enumerates 464 plant species belonging to 334 genera under 117 families from the forest range. The survey has confirmed 31 threatened forest species from this area along with many near threatened plant species.

Published
2020

130. Assessing Impacts of COVID-19 on Aquatic Food System and Small-Scale Fisheries in Bangladesh

Author

Sunny, Atiqur Rahman, Sazzad, Sharif Ahmed, Datta, Gopal Chandra, Sarker, Ashoke Kumar, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, and Prodhan, Shamsul H.

Subjects
agricultural_sciences_agronomy
Abstract

COVID-19 is now a major global health crisis, can lead to severe food crisis unless proper measures are not taken. Though a number of scientific studies have addressed the possible impacts of COVID-19 in Bangladesh on variety of issues, problems and food crises associated with aquatic resources and communities are missing. Therefore, this study aimed at bridging the gap in the existing situation and challenges of COVID-19 by linking its impact on aquatic food sector and small-scale fisheries with dependent population. The study was conducted based on secondary data analysis and primary fieldwork. Secondary data focused on COVID-19 overview and number of confirmed, recovered and death cases in Bangladesh; at the same time its connection with small-scale fisheries, aquatic food production, demand and supply was analyzed. Community perceptions were elicited to present how the changes felt and how they affected aquatic food system and small-scale fisheries and found devastating impact. Sudden illness, reduced income, complication to start production and input collection, labor crisis, transportation abstraction, complexity in food supply, weak value chain, low consumer demand, rising commodity prices, creditor’s pressure were identified as the primary affecting drivers. Dependent people felt the measures taken by the Government should be based on protecting the health and food security, although it could be detrimental to economic growth in the short term. The study provides insight into policies adopted by the policy makers to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on aquatic food sector and small-scale fisheries.

Published
2020

131. Cell Surface Binding and Lipid Interactions behind Chemotherapy-Drug-Induced Ion Pore Formation in Membranes

Author

Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Khan, Zahid, Alqarni, Ashwaq, Alanazi, Mohammad, Alam, Mohammad Shahabul, Ashrafuzzaman, Md, Khan, Zahid, Alqarni, Ashwaq, Alanazi, Mohammad, and Alam, Mohammad Shahabul

Abstract

Chemotherapy drugs (CDs) disrupt the lipid membrane's insulation properties by inducing stable ion pores across bilayer membranes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind pore formation have been revealed in this study using several methods that confirm molecular interactions and detect associated energetics of drugs on the cell surface in general and in lipid bilayers in particular. Liposome adsorption and cell surface binding of CD colchicine has been demonstrated experimentally. Buffer dissolved CDs were considerably adsorbed in the incubated phospholipid liposomes, measured using the patented 'direct detection method'. The drug adsorption process is regulated by the membrane environment, demonstrated in cholesterol-containing liposomes. We then detailed the phenomenology and energetics of the low nanoscale dimension cell surface (membrane) drug distribution, using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging what addresses the surface morphology and measures adhesion force (reducible to adhesive energy). Liposome adsorption and cell surface binding data helped model the cell surface drug distribution. The underlying molecular interactions behind surface binding energetics of drugs have been addressed in silico numerical computations (NCs) utilizing the screened Coulomb interactions among charges in a drug-drug/lipid cluster. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the CD-lipid complexes detected primarily important CD-lipid electrostatic and van der Waals (vdW) interaction energies. From the energetics point of view, both liposome and cell surface membrane adsorption of drugs are therefore obvious findings. Colchicine treated cell surface AFM images provide a few important phenomenological conclusions, such as drugs bind generally with the cell surface, bind independently as well as in clusters of various sizes in random cell surface locations. The related adhesion energy decreases with increasing drug cluster size before saturating for larger clusters. MD simulation

Published
2021
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