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In the article titled "Thermal Transport in Radiative Nanofluids by Considering the Influence of Convective Heat Condition" [[1]], the authors want to add the acknowledgement statement as follows: "The research was supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/349), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia." REFERENCES 1 Adnan, Ashraf W., Alghtani A. H., Khan I., Andualem M. Thermal Transport in Radiative Nanofluids by Considering the Influence of Convective Heat Condition. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this research is to develop the woven/knitted hybrid composites for improved in plane as well as out of plane mechanical properties. Two different type of structures and two different materials were used in this study. Firstly, the woven and knitted fabrics were developed with glass and Kevlar yarn. Secondly, the laminated composite samples were fabricated with different stacking sequence of fabric plies. The epoxy resin was used as matrix. The cured samples were characterized for impact, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. The behavior of composite materials was then analyzed with percentages of different fiber and fabric types. The samples with higher percentages of knitted reinforcement gave better impact strength but failed to provide better tensile properties. Moreover, the samples with higher percentages of woven structure and glass materials gives better modulus values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The devastating viral disease of small ruminants namely Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) declared as target for "Global Eradication" in 2015 by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). For a successful eradication campaign, molecular diagnostic tools are preferred for their specificity, efficacy and robustness to compliment prophylactic measures and surveillance methods. However, molecular tools have a few limitations including, costly equipment, multi-step template preparation protocols, target amplification and analysis that restrict their use to the sophisticated laboratory settings. As reverse transcription-loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP) has such an intrinsic potential for point of care diagnosis, this study focused on the genetic detection of causative PPR virus (PPRV) in field conditions. It involves the use of a sample buffer that can precipitate out virus envelope and capsid proteins through ammonium sulphate precipitation and exposes viral RNA, present in the clinical sample, to the LAMP reaction mixture. Results: The test was evaluated using 11 PPRV cultures, and a total of 46 nasal swabs (n = 32 collected in the field outbreaks, n = 14 collected from experimentally inoculated animals). The RT-LAMP was compared with the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) for its relative specificity, sensitivity and robustness. RT-LAMP detected PPRV in all PPRV cultures in or less than 30 min. Its detection limit was of 0. 0001TCID50 (tissue culture infective dose-50) per ml with 10-fold higher sensitivity than that of RT-PCR. In 59.4% of the field samples, RT-LAMP detected PPRV within 35-55 min. The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the RTLAMP were equivalent to that of the RT-qPCR. The time of detection of PPRV decreased by at least forty minutes or 3-4 h in case of in the RT-LAMP as compared with the RT-qPCR and the RT-PCR, respectively. Conclusions: The sensitive and specific RT-LAMP test developed in this study targeting a small fragment of the N gene of PPRV is a rapid, reliable and applicable molecular diagnostic test of choice under the field conditions. RT-LAMP requiring minimal training offers a very useful tool for PPR diagnosis especially during the "Global PPR Eradication Campaign". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical gowns are the shielding cloths worn by the surgical team throughout a surgery to save them from blood pathogens of the patient being operated, and to avoid bacterial infections. Barrier effectiveness of a fabric depends upon the liquid penetration resistance and pathogen resistance of the fabric. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different weave structures and fabric thread densities on the barrier effectiveness of the woven surgical gowns. Twelve fabric samples were produced using three different weave structures, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill, and 3/3 z-twill, and four different fabric constructions and then completed with a water repellent finish. Water repellency spray test and air permeability test were conducted on each of the 12 woven samples. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R2values) of the regression equations show good prediction ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of surgical gowns to attain maximum barrier effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten plant extracts; Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L., Azadirachta indica, Capsicum Annum, Calotropisgi gantea, Dalbrgia sissoo, Eucalyptus camelduensis, Gardenia florida Melia azedarach and Zingiber officinalis were tested in vitro at Standard dose S and S/2 against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. All the plant extracts at both the doses reduced the multiplication of Xac except Zingiber officinalis and Capsicum Annum. Allium sativumand Azadirachta indicaat doses (S, S/2) exhibited statistically significant inhibition zones as compared to other treatments, followed by Dalbergia sisso. Gardenia florida and Melia azedarach which produced similar effect and raked 4th. Calotropisgi gantea ranked 5th while Eucalyptus camelduensis (Sufeda) and Allium cepa L. inhibited the growth of Xacat a minimum level. Capsicum Annum and Zingiber officinalis produced no inhibition zone and showed similar results as a control. All the plant extracts at standard doses reduced the multiplication of Xac maximumas compared to S/2 except Allium cepa L., Dalbrgia sissoo, Eucalyptus camelduensis and Melia azedarach which showed similar effects at both doses. The most effective treatments proved in vitro then tested after combining with streptomycin sulphate in vitro and found that Streptomycin sulphate 1% reduced the multiplication of Xac significantly, followed by Streptomycin sulphate in combination with Allium sativum L. and Streptomycin sulphate in combination with Azadirachta indica at standard dose. These treatments then tested in greenhouse the results confirmed the findings of invitro trials. There is a need to promote research in the field of plant extracts usage as biocontrol agents and find out plants having toxicity against plant pathogens, as the plant extracts are environment friendly and cheaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the numerical approximation of one and two-dimensional models describing heat conduction in solids at low temperature. The system contains a conservation equation for the energy density and balance equations for the heat fluxes along each characteristic direction. A conservation element and solution element method (CE/E) is proposed for solving the given model. The method has already shown its efficiency and accuracy for solving a wide range of engineering problems. This technique is considerably different in both logic and design from the well-established finite volume schemes. The scheme treats space and time in a unified manner where conserved variables and their gradients are considered as independent unknowns. To illustrate the performance of the CE/SE method, several one and two-dimensional numerical case studies are carried out. The results of kinetic flux vector splitting (KFVS) scheme and central scheme are also presented for the comparison and further validation of our numerical results. The computations of this paper demonstrates that CE/SE method is effective in handling such problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is concerned with the simulation of two differentconvection–diffusion–reactiontype partial differential equations. The first one is the one-dimensionalheterogeneous gas–solid reaction model encountered in a varietyof chemical engineeringproblems. The exothermic nature of such reactions enlarges the gradientsof temperature and concentrations that generate steep reaction fronts.The second one is the two-dimensional Keller–Segel model ofthe chemotaxis that generates delta-type singularities in the solutionduring a finite time. In its simplest form, the model is a nonlinear-coupledsystem of the convection–diffusion equation for thecell density and the reaction–diffusion equation for the chemoattractantconcentration. The space–time conservation element and solutionelement (CE/SE) method is proposed for approximating both systems.The method has capabilities to capture sharp discontinuities of thesolutions without spurious oscillations. To validate the accuracyand efficiency of the method, several case studies are carried out.The results of the current method are compared with the staggeredcentral schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach (Prunus persica) is consumed in almost every part of the world due to its unique taste, flavor, and other sensorial characteristics. The peach processing industry discarded many parts of the fruit including stone, seed, and peel as “peach waste” (PW) after separating the fleshy part of the fruit. PW components are an affluent source of protein, micronutrients, bioactive compounds, hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. This proffer review potentially identifies nutraceutical exploitation with health benefits demonstrated by functional bioactive compounds along with their industrial applications in the field of nutraceuticals, food, feed, and cosmetics. Moreover, Wastewater treatment and biosynthetic development of practically useful products are also discussed. The use of PW for the development and designing of innovative nutraceutical and functional foods with enhanced quality could also be significant for lowering food waste and improving food security and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transfer and energy storage remain a core problem for industrialists and engineers. So, the concept of new heat transfer fluids, namely, nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids, has been introduced so far. Recently, a new third generation of heat transfer fluids has been developed known as modified hybrid nanofluids (MHNs), synthesized by ternary nanomaterials and the host fluid. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the energy storage efficiency between (Al 2 O 3 -CuO-Cu/H 2 O) mhnf and (Al 2 O 3 -CuO/H 2 O) hnf in the presence of novel viscous dissipation effects. The problem is developed for a channel with stretchable walls via thermophysical attributes of binary and ternary guest nanomaterials and the host liquid. The model is tackled numerically and furnished results for the dynamics, most specifically energy storage efficiency in (Al 2 O 3 -CuO-Cu/H 2 O) mhnf . It is examined that the third generation of heat transfer fluids (Al 2 O 3 -CuO-Cu/H 2 O) mhnf has high thermal energy storage efficiency than traditional nano and hybrid nanofluids. Therefore, these new insights in heat transfer would be beneficial and cope with the problems of energy storage in the modern technological world., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Adnan, Guedri, Raizah, Tag-Eldin, Ashraf, Khan and M. Galal.)

This study examines MWCNTs-PG nanofluid with a uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in PG. It is assumed that both MWCNTs and PG exist thermally in equilibrium and no slip occurs between them. MWCNTs were suspended in PG uniformly and played a significant role. Firstly, the problem is formulated by utilizing empirical correlations, thermophysical attributes, and similarity equations. Then the model is treated numerically along with the coupling of a shooting algorithm. The results against the pertinent flow quantities were plotted and provide a basis for a comprehensive discussion, investigating whether MWCNTs-PG has high thermal storage characteristics under the effects of thermal radiation and combined convection effects. Due to their high energy storage capability, these fluids are reliable for industrial applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Adnan, Ashraf, Khan, Shemseldin and Mousa.)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the highly consumed cereal grain crops in Pakistan. In September 2017, leaf samples of cultivar Basmati-385 showing brown to dark brown spots (5 to 9 mm in diameter) that were oval or cylindrical in shape with a chlorotic yellow halo and grayish tan centers were collected from fields near the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (31.43633 N 73.05981 E). Average disease incidence was 69% in six rice fields that were sampled for diseased plants with visible symptoms. To isolate the pathogen, from 20 diseased leaves, 5 mm2 segments from the margins of lesions were cut, rinsed with sterile distilled water (SDW), surface disinfected by 70% ethanol and again rinsed with SDW. The samples were dried on sterilized filter paper discs, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 27°C for 5 to 7 days. Twelve isolates were sub-cultured and single-sporing was performed to obtain pure cultures. Fungal isolates with light to dark gray in color, thick or fluffy aerial mycelium, circular and smooth margins were obtained after 7 days of incubation. Conidia were 47-83 μm × 10-17 μm (n=100), with 4 to 10 distosepta, dark or olivaceous brown, straight or moderately curved, and the cells at the ends occasionally looked paler than those in the middle. Conidiophore of the fungus were simple, smooth, cylindrical, septate, and straight to flexuous. These characteristics resembled those of Bipolaris zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker (Manamgoda et al. 2014). For molecular identification, genomic DNA (isolate SU-11) was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit (LSU) of ribosomal DNA, translation elongation factor (tef), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes were amplified and sequenced by using the primers ITS1-F/ITS4-R (White et al. 1990), LROR-F/LR5-R (Schoch et al. 2012), EF1-983F/EF1-2218R (Rehner and Buckley 2005), GPD1F/GPD2R (Berbee et al. 1999), and 5F2/7CR (O'Donnell et al. 2007), respectively. BLASTn searches showed 100% homology with the LSU and rpb2 sequences of B. zeicola (GenBank Accession Nos. MH876201 and HF934842) and 98-99% similarity with ITS, tef, and gpd sequences of B. zeicola (GenBank Accession Nos. KM230398, KM093752 and KM034815). The sequences of ITS, LSU, tef, gpd, and rpb2 were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MN871712, MN877767, MN867685, MN904511 and MT349837, respectively. To fulfill Koch's postulates, 25 greenhouse-grown rice plants (cv. Basmati-385) at 2- to 3-leaf stage were spray inoculated with a spore suspension (105 spores/ml; isolate SU-11) prepared in SDW. Plants were covered with plastic wraps to maintain humid conditions for 24 hours and incubated at 27°C for one week. Similarly, ten non-inoculated plants sprayed with SDW served as controls. After one week, observed symptoms were similar to those from natural infections and no disease symptoms were observed on the non-inoculated plants. The experiment was repeated twice and the pathogen was re-isolated from the infected leaves and characterized morphologically. Globally, B. zeicola has also been reported to cause the leaf spot of rice and maize plants (Sivanesan 1987; Kang et al. 2018). To our information, this is the first report of B. zeicola causing brown leaf spot of rice in Pakistan. The increasing risk of this fungal pathogen in the rice-growing areas of Pakistan need a rigorous exploration and outreach effort to develop effective management practices.