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Background: The safety and efficacy of baricitinib (bari), an oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was evaluated in the elderly subpopulation of 2 pooled phase 3 studies. Methods: Patients (pts) with ≥6 swollen and tender joints and no prior biologic[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 45. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), 31. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh), 27. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

Background: In phase 3 studies, baricitinib improved disease activity in patients with active RA and an inadequate response (IR) to DMARDs. We report results from a 52-week study of baricitinib in MTX-IR RA patients. Methods: Patients with active RA (TJC≥6 & SJC≥6 & hsCRP≥6mg/L)[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 44. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh); 30. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh); 26. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)

Have you paid cash to fill up your gas tank lately? Probably not and I argue this is one reason why the U.S. economy appears to have become less sensitive to changes in the price of oil. When gas prices rise drivers have increasingly been able to borrow and firms able to offer incentives making immediate reductions in the purchases of groceries, electronics, cars, and other goods smaller than in the past. This alters the relationship between oil prices and U.S. economic activity, but does not eliminate it the money must be paid back after all.Keywords. oil price, economic activity, credit, consumption.JEL. C00, E20, E51, E60, Q43.

We argue for the resurrection of an old idea: electricity use as an indicator of U.S. economic activity. Our analysis relies on associations–the 40-year correlation between growth rates in real GDP and electricity use can be as high as 89% –and intuition. Electricity use and economic conditions should move together. The vast majority of goods and services are still produced using electricity; services may require less electricity, but they still require some. Electricity use also has other strengths –it is broad-based and the data are available weekly, possibly hourly by 2015.

Obtaining reliable data on capital is a recurring challenge when estimating economy-wide productivity growth, especially for developing countries. In this paper I construct energy-based productivity series which use energy consumption instead of capital when making such estimates. I first show that—for the U.S. and select OECD countries—growth in the energy-based series are strongly correlated with other sources historically. I then estimate energy-based productivity growth for other OECD and non-OECD countries where data on capital and productivity is more limited.

We describe portions of the U.S input-output tables through the tools of networks analysis—focusing on either energy intensive industries or those that are part of the separate and distinct energy sector. We first represent both energy intensive and energy sector industries visually through network diagrams for the years 1997, 2002, and 2007. Next, we show that the energy sector is generally more densely connected than either energy intensive industries or all industries over those years, and is more likely to have groups of three sub-sectors all linked as well. We then move to the level of individual industries within the broad sectors and find that energy intensive industries have the most in-coming connections on average for these tables. Energy sector ones have fewer, but the number grows over time, as do outgoing connections. Other measures of centrality—closeness and betweenness—vary over time for both the energy sector and energy intensive industries. Specifically, petroleum refining and electricity generation stand out for their centrality, drilling oil and gas wells for its lack of centrality.

The author argues that the economic benefits of low gasoline prices for the U.S. economy have fallen substantially since the reemergence of America as a major oil producer. The old rule-ofthumb that a 10% fall in the oil price raises inflation-adjusted U.S. GDP by 0.2% is too large - the impact on economic activity should be closer to zero, and may even be negative if consumption grows slowly. The reasons for this change are straightforward, if underappreciated: (i) the value of oil production accounts for a larger share of the U.S. economy; and (ii) consumers are not spending the windfall like they used to because of higher debt levels, limited access to credit, slow wage growth, and an older population.

The short-term economic benefits of oil and gas production from shale for the U.S. economy have been widely discussed, but the long-term effects remain unclear. These long-run impacts likely depend upon the degree to which such oil and gas production can impact growth in capital per worker or technological progress throughout the economy. Oil or gas production from shale can lead to economic growth through economy-wide increases in capital per worker directly through investment in the oil and gas extraction sector and along the supply chain. Alternatively, the availability of low cost natural gas in large quantities may lead to replacement or additions to capital stock outside of oil and gas extraction and related industries. Oil and gas production can lead to economy-wide technology gains directly through the application of technologies used in extraction and related activities in other sectors. There is much greater upside and uncertainty, however, surrounding if such production can lead to technological growth in other sectors indirectly. Are there currently important and productive technologies not being used or applied that become plausible because of lower-cost natural gas? Will there be transformative technologies developed for use with lower-cost natural gas that currently do not exist? And might each of these individually lead to other technologies that currently do not exist?

I estimate short and long-run price elasticities of U.S. natural gas supply and demand. For robustness, the estimates are based on data of varying frequencies and samples, some of which include the recent U.S. shale gas boom. Aside from the numbers themselves, there are two main conclusions. As expected, U.S. price elasticities of natural gas supply are higher in both the short and long-run when the e�ffects of shale are included in the sample (post-2007). The calculated price elasticities of natural gas demand are also more responsive than recent estimates, but in-line with earlier ones.

The presence of a palatal-radicular groove (PRG), more frequently observed at the level of the upper lateral incisors, may compromise both the radicular pulp and the periodontium leading to endodontic-periodontal lesions. Frequently, the prognosis of such cases is compromised because of the missed diagnosis or because of the complex therapeutic approach that is necessary to cure the associated pathologies. The authors have presented a clinical case of a palatal-radicular groove on a non-vital maxlllary lateral inclsor with associated localized periodontal disease. The general clinician's initial diagnosis was incorrect; this led to incomplete treatment and subsequent fail- ure of the treatment. Subsequent retreatment was carried out for failed root canal treatment fol- Inwed hy surgirai management of palatal-radicular groove.

Endodontically treated anterior teeth having flared, oversized root canals with thin walls require coronoradicular reconstruction for a successful treatment outcome. A relatively new and innovative technique of coronoradicular reconstruction utilizing the reinforcing restorative material glass ionomer cement is presented. This new and innovative technique will provide clinician a foresight while dealing with cases of coronoradicular rehabilitation and reconstruction. The adhesive nature of GIC, improved strength & biocompatibility have provided clinician with this unique option while dealing with these complicated cases in a simplified and uncomplicated manner. The technique with GIC is based on a scientific premise and is an addition to the present techniques but not a substitute. This technique is a beginning and require more of clinical research to become regular and recognized procedure.

Predictions about the macroeconomic impacts of recent U.S. natural gas trends vary widely. I re-evaluate the possible effects on U.S. economic activity using a standard general equilibrium model. Within this framework I show that increases in natural gas supply result in small-to-moderate economic gains, even with unemployment or under-utilized capital. Subsequent rises in economy-wide productivity are the key to magnifying the economic impacts of greater natural gas supply and resources. The 1995-2000 period, where U.S. productivity growth was driven by information technology, is a good starting point for comparing how American productivity may evolve because of natural gas.

This paper attempts to address some common questions regarding the evolution of global natural gas markets through application of transaction cost theories.

Using a recursive vector autoregression (VAR), this paper considers the relation between the U.S. real interest rate and the real oil price. Theoretically, as outlined in Hotelling (1931) and Working (1949), a lower real interest rate results in reduced production and increased storage, implying a higher oil price. The results presented here show that the robustness of this relationship depends crucially on how the real interest rate is calculated, and the time-frame of the sample. Consistent with earlier studies, the oil price falls with an innovation to the ex-ante U.S. real interest rate. However, this is not true if the real interest rate is calculated ex-post. In this case, the oil price only falls in response to an innovation in short-term U.S. real interest rates (three months or less). Additionally, the response of the oil price to longer-term ex-ante U.S. real interest rates must include the period through 2006 for this relationship to appear. The oil price consistently responds to innovations in short-term rates throughout the entire sample. We draw two conclusions from the results. The first is that the oil price is consistently responsive to short-term U.S. real interest rates, underlying the importance of storage. Second, oil prices have become more responsive to longer-term U.S. real interest rates. The reasons behind this change are unclear and require further study.