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101. The Detection of Evolved Oxygen from the Rocknest Eolian Bedform Material by the Sample Analysis at Mars(SAM) instrument at the Mars Curiosity Landing Site

Author

Sutter, B, Archer, D, Ming, D, Eigenbrode, J. L, Franz, H, Glavin, D. P, McAdam, A, Mahaffy, P, Stern, J, Navarro-Gonzalex, R, and McKay, C

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument onboard the Curiosity rover detected an O2 gas release from the Rocknest eolain bedform (Fig. 1). The detection of perchlorate (ClO4-) by the Mars Phoenix Lander s Wet Chemistry Laboratory (WCL) [1] suggests that perchlorate is a possible candidate for evolved O2 release detected by SAM. The perchlorate would also serve as a source of chlorine in the chlorinated hydrocarbons detected by the SAM quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GCMS) [2,3]. Chlorates (ClO3-) [4,5] and/or superoxides [6] may also be sources of evolved O2 from the Rocknest materials. The work objectives are to 1) evaluate the O2 release temperatures from Rocknest materials, 2) compare these O2 release temperatures with a series of perchlorates and chlorates, and 3) evaluate superoxide O2- sources and possible perchlorate interactions with other Rocknest phases during QMS analysis.

Published
2013

102. Detection of Evolved Carbon Dioxide in the Rocknest Eolian Bedform by the Sample Analysis at Mars(SAM) Instrument at the Mars Curiosity Landing Site

Author

Sutter, B, Archer, D, McAdam, A, Franz, H, Ming, D. W, Eigenbrode, J. L, Glavin, D. P, Mahaffy, P, Stern, J, and Navarro-Gonzalez, R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument detected four releases of carbon dioxide (CO2) that ranged from 100 to 700 C from the Rocknest eolian bedform material (Fig. 1). Candidate sources of CO2 include adsorbed CO2, carbonate(s), combusted organics that are either derived from terrestrial contamination and/or of martian origin, occluded or trapped CO2, and other sources that have yet to be determined. The Phoenix Lander s Thermal Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) detected two CO2 releases (400-600, 700-840 C) [1,2]. The low temperature release was attributed to Fe- and/or Mg carbonates [1,2], per-chlorate interactions with carbonates [3], nanophase carbonates [4] and/or combusted organics [1]. The high temperature CO2 release was attributed to a calcium bearing carbonate [1,2]. No evidence of a high temperature CO2 release similar to the Phoenix material was detected in the Rocknest materials by SAM. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the temperature and total contribution of each Rocknest CO2 release and their possible sources. Four CO2 releases from the Rocknest material were detected by SAM. Potential sources of CO2 are adsorbed CO2, (peak 1) and Fe/Mg carbonates (peak 4). Only a fraction of peaks 2 and 3 (0.01 C wt.%) may be partially attributed to combustion of organic contamination. Meteoritic organics mixed in the Rocknest bedform could be present, but the peak 2 and 3 C concentration (approx.0.21 C wt. %) is likely too high to be attributed solely to meteoritic organic C. Other inorganic sources of C such as interactions of perchlorates and carbonates and sources yet to be identified will be evaluated to account for CO2 released from the thermal decomposition of Rocknest material.

Published
2013

103. Detection of Organic Constituents Including Chloromethylpropene in the Analyses of the ROCKNEST Drift by Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM)

Author

Eigenbrode, J. L, Glavin, D, Coll, P, Summons, R. E, Mahaffy, P, Archer, D, Brunner, A, Conrad, P, Freissinet, C, Martin, M, McKay, C, Hurowitz, J, Evans, J, Anderson, M, Jandura, L, Brown, K, Logan C, Kuhn, S, Anderson, R, Beegle, L, Blakkolb, B, Katz, I, Limonadi, D, Rainen, R, and Umland, J

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

key challenge in assessing the habitability of martian environments is the detection of organic matter - a requirement of all life as we know it. The Curiosity rover, which landed on August 6, 2012 in Gale Crater of Mars, includes the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite capable of in situ analysis of gaseous organic components thermally evolved from sediment samples collected, sieved, and delivered by the MSL rover. On Sol 94, SAM received its first solid sample: scooped sediment from Rocknest that was sieved to <150 m particle size. Multiple 10-40 mg portions of the scoop #5 sample were delivered to SAM for analyses. Prior to their introduction, a blank (empty cup) analysis was performed. This blank served 1) to clean the analytical instrument of SAMinternal materials that accumulated in the gas processing system since integration into the rover, and 2) to characterize the background signatures of SAM. Both the blank and the Rocknest samples showed the presence of hydrocarbon components.

Published
2013

107. IscA, an alternate scaffold for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis

Author

Krebs, Carsten, Agar, Jeffrey N., Smith, Archer D., Frazzon, Jeverson, Dean, Dennis R., Huynh, Boi Hanh, and Johnson, Michael K.

Subjects
Nitrogen -- Fixation, Enzymes -- Synthesis, Microbial metabolism -- Physiological aspects, Enzyme kinetics -- Analysis, Biological sciences, Chemistry
Abstract

Results demonstrate the ability of Isc homologue (sup)Nif IscA of Azotobacter vinelandii to bind iron and assemble iron-sulfur clusters through a NifS-directed pathway. Data indicate that (sup)Nif IscA lends itself as an alternative scaffold to NifU for the NifS-directed sequential assembly of iron-sulfur clusters.

Published
2001

111. A MUC16 IgG Binding Activity Selects for a Restricted Subset of IgG Enriched for Certain Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitope Specificities

Author

Schneider, Jeffrey R., primary, Shen, Xiaoying, additional, Orlandi, Chiara, additional, Nyanhete, Tinashe, additional, Sawant, Sheetal, additional, Carias, Ann M., additional, Smith, Archer D., additional, Kelleher, Neil L., additional, Veazey, Ronald S., additional, Lewis, George K., additional, Tomaras, Georgia D., additional, and Hope, Thomas J., additional

Published
2020
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117. Regulation of intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and transport by NO and cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma

Author

Satriano, Joseph, Ishizuka, Shunji, Archer, D. Clay, Blantz, Roland C., and Kelly, Carolyn J.

Subjects
Polyamines -- Research, Tumor necrosis factor -- Research, Interferon -- Research, Cytokines -- Research, Cell physiology -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effects nitric oxide (NO) and the NO synthase-inducing cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), have on polyamine regulation. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha induction of NO generation was found to have resulted in suppressed ornithine decarboxuylase (ODC) activity. This and other results suggest that the NO and inflammatory cytokines have the capacity to regulate both polyamine biosynthesis and transport.

Published
1999

119. Association between polymorphisms of the GPX1 gene and second primary tumours after index squamous cell cancer of the head and neck

Author

Jefferies, S., Kote-Jarai, Z., Goldgar, D., Houlston, R., Frazer-Williams, M.-J., A’Hern, R., Henk, J., Gore, M., Rhys-Evans, P., Archer, D., Bishop, K., Solomon, E., Hodgson, S., McGurk, M., Hibbert, J., O’Connell, M., Partridge, M., Chevretton, E., Calman, F., Saunders, M., Shotton, K., Brown, A., Whittaker, S., and Foulkes, W.

Published
2005
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122. Enhanced binding of antibodies generated during chronic HIV infection to mucus component MUC16

Author

Hendrik Streeck, Jeffrey R. Schneider, Kelly M. Fahrbach, Alison E. Mahan, Bronwyn M. Gunn, Thomas J. Hope, Shiv Pillai, Bruce D. Walker, Igal Szleifer, Anna Licht, Archer D. Smith, Neil L. Kelleher, Patrick F. Kiser, David C. Malaspina, Meegan R. Anderson, Ivan Zvonar, Anais Chapel, Marcus M. Karim, Todd J. Suscovich, Arthur Y. Kim, Galit Alter, Maryam Shansab, Marcus Altfeld, Jacquelynn Tedesco, Georg M. Lauer, and Arangassery Rosemary Bastian

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Glycan, Glycosylation, Immunology, Medizin, Antibody Affinity, HIV Infections, HIV Antibodies, Article, Virus, Immunoglobulin G, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, mucin, Immunity, Antibody glycosylation, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Mucous Membrane, biology, Mucin, HIV, Membrane Proteins, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Mucus, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Mucosal immunology, CA-125 Antigen, Vagina, HIV-1, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Protein Binding
Abstract

Transmission of HIV across mucosal barriers accounts for the majority of HIV infections worldwide. Thus, efforts aimed at enhancing protective immunity at these sites are a top priority, including increasing virus-specific antibodies (Abs) and antiviral activity at mucosal sites. Mucin proteins, including the largest cell-associated mucin, mucin 16 (MUC16), help form mucus to provide a physical barrier to incoming pathogens. Here, we describe a natural interaction between Abs and MUC16 that is enhanced in specific disease settings such as chronic HIV infection. Binding to MUC16 was independent of IgG subclass, but strongly associated with shorter Ab glycan profiles, with agalactosylated (G0) Abs demonstrating the highest binding to MUC16. Binding of Abs to epithelial cells was diminished following MUC16 knockdown, and the MUC16 N-linked glycans were critical for binding. Further, agalactosylated VRC01 captured HIV more efficiently in MUC16. These data point to a novel opportunity to enrich Abs at mucosal sites by targeting Abs to MUC16 through changes in Fc glycosylation, potentially blocking viral movement and sequestering the virus far from the epithelial border. Thus, next-generation vaccines or monoclonal therapeutics may enhance protective immunity by tuning Ab glycosylation to promote the enrichment of Abs at mucosal barriers.

Published
2016

123. McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica - A Mars Phoenix Mission Analog

Author

Tamppari, L. K, Anderson, R. M, Archer, D, Douglas, S, Kounaves, S. P, McKay, C. P, Ming, Douglas W, Moore, Q, Quinn, J. E, Smith, P. H, Stroble, S, and Zent, A. P

Subjects
Space Sciences (General)
Abstract

The Phoenix mission (PHX; May 25 - Nov. 2, 2008) studied the north polar region of Mars (68deg N) to understand the history of water and potential for habitability. Phoenix carried with it a wet chemistry lab (WCL) capable of determining the basic solution chemistry of the soil and the pH value, a thermal and evolved-gas analyzer capable of determining the mineralogy of the soil and detecting ice, microscopes capable of seeing soil particle shapes, sizes and colors at very high resolution, and a soil probe (TECP) capable of detecting unfrozen water in the soil. PHX coincided with an international effort to study the Earth s polar regions named the International Polar Year (IPY; 2007-2008). The best known Earth analog to the Martian high-northern plains, where Phoenix landed, are the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica (Fig. 1). Thus, the IPY afforded a unique opportunity to study the MDV with the same foci - history of water and habitability - as PHX. In austral summer 2007, our team took engineering models of WCL and TECP into the MDV and performed analgous measurements. We also collected sterile samples and analyzed them in our home laboratories using state-of-the-art tools. While PHX was not designed to perform biologic analyses, we were able to do so with the MDV analog samples collected.

Published
2010

124. A MUC16 IgG Binding Activity Selects for a Restricted Subset of IgG Enriched for Certain Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Epitope Specificities

Author

Tinashe Nyanhete, Neil L. Kelleher, Xiaoying Shen, Ann M. Carias, Jeffrey R Schneider, Georgia D. Tomaras, Ronald S. Veazey, Archer D. Smith, George K. Lewis, Chiara Orlandi, Thomas J. Hope, and Sheetal Sawant

Subjects
Immunology, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology, Virus, Epitope, 03 medical and health sciences, Epitopes, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, AIDS Vaccines, 0303 health sciences, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Mucins, Membrane Proteins, Simian immunodeficiency virus, IgG binding, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Insect Science, CA-125 Antigen, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Pathogenesis and Immunity, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, Antibody
Abstract

We have recently shown that MUC16, a component of the glycocalyx of some mucosal barriers, has elevated binding to the G0 glycoform of the Fc portion of IgG. Therefore, IgG from patients chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who typically exhibit increased amounts of G0 glycoforms, showed increased MUC16 binding compared to uninfected controls. Using the rhesus macaque simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 model, we can compare plasma antibodies before and after chronic infection. We find increased binding of IgG to MUC16 after chronic SIV infection. Antibodies isolated for tight association with MUC16 (MUC16-eluted antibodies) show reduced FcγR engagement and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. The glycosylation profile of these IgGs was consistent with a decrease in FcγR engagement and subsequent ADCC effector function, as they contain a decrease in afucosylated bisecting glycoforms that preferentially bind FcγRs. Testing of the SIV antigen specificity of IgG from SIV-infected macaques revealed that the MUC16-eluted antibodies were enriched for certain specific epitopes, including regions of gp41 and gp120. This enrichment of specific antigen responses for fucosylated bisecting glycoforms and the subsequent association with MUC16 suggests that the immune response has the potential to direct specific epitope responses to localize to the glycocalyx through interaction with this specific mucin. IMPORTANCE Understanding how antibodies are distributed in the mucosal environment is valuable for developing a vaccine to block HIV infection. Here, we study an IgG binding activity in MUC16, potentially representing a new IgG effector function that would concentrate certain antibodies within the glycocalyx to trap pathogens before they can reach the underlying columnar epithelial barriers. These studies reveal that rhesus macaque IgG responses during chronic SIV infection generate increased antibodies that bind MUC16, and interestingly, these MUC16-tethered antibodies are enriched for binding to certain antigens. Therefore, it may be possible to direct HIV vaccine-generated responses to associate with MUC16 and enhance the antibody’s ability to mediate immune exclusion by trapping virions within the glycocalyx and preventing the virus from reaching immune target cells within the mucosa. This concept will ultimately have to be tested in the rhesus macaque model, which is shown here to have MUC16-targeted antigen responses.

Published
2019

130. The role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2

Author

Cao, L., Eby, M., Ridgwell, A., Caldeira, K., Archer, D., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Matsumoto, K., Mikolajewicz, U., Mouchet, A., James Orr, Plattner, G. -K, Schlitzer, R., Tokos, K., Totterdell, I., Tschumi, T., Yamanaka, Y., Yool, A., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 530 Physics, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We compare modeled oceanic carbon uptake in response to pulse CO2 emissions using a suite of global ocean models and Earth system models. In response to a CO2 pulse emission of 590 Pg C (corresponding to an instantaneous doubling of atmospheric CO2 from 278 to 556 ppm), the fraction of CO2 emitted that is absorbed by the ocean is: 37±8%, 56±10%, and 81±4% (model mean ±2σ ) in year 30, 100, and 1000 after the emission pulse, respectively. Modeled oceanic uptake of pulse CO2 on timescales from decades to about a century is strongly correlated with simulated present-day uptake of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and CO2 across all models, while the amount of pulse CO2 absorbed by the ocean from a century to a millennium is strongly correlated with modeled radiocarbon in the deep Southern and Pacific Ocean. However, restricting the analysis to models that are capable of reproducing observations within uncertainty, the correlation is generally much weaker. The rates of surface-to-deep ocean transport are determined for individual models from the instantaneous doubling CO2 simulations, and they are used to calculate oceanic CO2 uptake in response to pulse CO2 emissions of different sizes pulses of 1000 and 5000 Pg C. These results are compared with simulated oceanic uptake of CO2 by a number of models simulations with the coupling of climate-ocean carbon cycle and without it. This comparison demonstrates that the impact of different ocean transport rates across models on oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 is of similar magnitude as that of climate-carbon cycle feedbacks in a single model, emphasizing the important role of ocean transport in the uptake of anthropogenic CO2.

Published
2018

135. The A~130 Highly-Deformed Region: New Results and Global Differential Lifetime Measurements

Author

Riley, M. A., primary, Kondev, F. G., additional, Laird, R. W., additional, Pfohl, J., additional, Archer, D. E., additional, Brown, T. B., additional, Clark, R. M., additional, Devlin, M., additional, Fallon, P., additional, Hartley, D. J., additional, Hibbert, I. M., additional, Joss, D. T., additional, LaFosse, D. R., additional, Lerma, F., additional, Nolan, P. J., additional, O’Brien, N. J., additional, Paul, E. S., additional, Sarantites, D. G., additional, Sheline, R. K., additional, Shepherd, S. L., additional, Simpson, J., additional, and Wadsworth, R., additional

Published
2000
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136. Royal Academy Of Medicine In Ireland Section Of Ophthalmology: Proceedings of meeting held 19th & 20th April 1991 in Galway

Author

Fenton, M., O’Connor, M., Khan, W. A., Condon, P. I., Coffey, M., Curtin, D. McAuliffe, Horgan, T., Sharkey, J. A., O’Brien, C., Grierson, I., McAllister, J., Beigi, B., O’Driscoll, K., Hone, R., Firth, R., Eustace, P., Brady, K., Mooney, D., Walsh, J., Early, O., Best, R., McQuaid, M., Gardiner, T., Chakravarthy, U., Archer, D. B., Dwyer, M. Hickey, Duvall-Young, J., Brown, M., Lacy, C., Power, W. J., Collum, L. M. T., Fenton, J., Kelly, S. P., McLeod, D., O’Donnell, N. P., Batterbury, M., and O’Donoghue, E. P.

Published
1992
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137. Astrochemistry in the Early Universe: Collisional Rates for H on H2

Author

Lepp, S. H, Archer, D, and Balakrishnan, N

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present preliminary results of a full quantum calculation of state to state cross sections for H on H2. These cross sections are calculated for v=0,4 j=0,15 for energies up to 3.0 eV. The cross sections are calculated on the BKMP2 potential surface (Boothroyd et al. 1996) with the ABC scattering code (Skouteris et al. 2000).

Published
2006

141. Immunosuppressive actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: preferential inhibition of Th1 functions

Author

Lemire, Jacques M., Archer, D. Clay, Beck, Lucinda, and Spiegelberg, Hans L.

Subjects
Vitamin D -- Physiological aspects, T cells -- Research, Immunosuppression -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin [D.sub.3] [1,25-[(OH).sub.2]-[D.sub.3]] is known to be an immunosuppressive hormone. This review primarily deals with in vitro and in vivo effects of 1,25-[(OH).sub.2]-[D.sub.3] and analogue, 1,25-dihydroxy-16ene-vitamin [D.sub.3] [l,25-[(OH).sub.2]-16ene-[D.sub.3]], on T helper subsets type 1 ([Th.sub.1]) or type 2 ([Th.sub.2]) that have distinctive functional characteristics in humans. [Th.sub.1] secrete interferon (IFN-[Gamma]), interleukin (IL-2) and induce B cells to produce immunoglobulin Ig[G.sub.2a] while [Th.sub.2] secrete IL-4, IL-10 and induce the production of Ig[G.sub.1] and IgE by B cells. The sterol inhibits the secretion of IL-12, a cytokine produced by monocytes and B cells, which leads to the activation and differentiation of [Th.sub.1]. In addition, 1,25-[(OH).sub.2]-[D.sub.3] directly inhibits IFN-[Gamma] secretion by [Th.sub.1] clones while it has little effect on IL-4 secretion by [Th.sub.2] clones. The analogue, 1,25-[(OH).sub.2]-16ene-[D.sub.3], is 100-fold more potent than 1,25-[(OH).sub.2]-[D.sub.3] in inhibiting IFN-[Gamma] secretion but also has little effect on IL-4 secretion. In mice, when given in vivo, the sterol prevents the induction of spontaneous and induced autoimmune diseases and inhibits [Th.sub.1] induce Ig[G.sub.2a] responses. These actions of the vitamin [D.sub.3] compounds suggest that it may have potential therapeutic applications in [Th.sub.1]-mediated clinical situations such as autoimmunity and transplantation. INDEXING KEY WORDS: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin [D.sub.3]; T helper cell subset Type 1; interleukin-12; encephalomyelitis; lupus

Published
1995

143. Abstracts

Author

Korzeniewski, P., Lang, S. A., Grant, R., Loader, C., Vaghadia, H., Wong, D., Waters, T., Merrick, P., Ali, M. J., Dobkowski, W., Cornelius, T., Hawkins, R., Varkey, G. P., Claffey, Liam, Plourde, Gilles, Trahan, Michel, Morris, Joan, Dean, Deanne M., Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Harukuni, Izumi, Naito, Hiroshi, Chan, V. W. S., Mati, N., Seyone, C., Evans, D., Chung, F., Joffe, D., Plourde, G., Villemurc, C., Hong, M., Milne, B., Loomis, C., Jhamandas, K., Priddy, R., Archer, D., Tang, T., Sabourin, M., Samanini, N., Cuillerier, D. J., Schuben, Armin, Awad, Issam A., Perez-Trepichio, Alejandro D., Ebrahim, Zeyd Y., Bloomfield, Eric L., Zexu, Fang, Zhengnua, Gu, Qing, Zou, Balhua, Sung, Miller, D. R., Martineau, R. J., Wynands, J. E., Hill, J. D., Knill, R. L., Skinner, M. I., Novick, T. V., McLean, R. F., Kolton, M., Noble, W. H., Sullivan, P. J., Cheng, D. C. H., Chapman, K. R., Ong, D., Roraanelli, J., Smallman, Bettina, Nathan, Howard J., Murphy, J. T., Hall, R. I., Moffitt, E. A., Hudson, R. J., Pascoe, E. A., Anderson, B. A., Thomson, I. R., Kassum, D. A., Shanks, A., Rosenbloom, M., Sidi, A., Gehrig, T. R., Fool, J. M., Rush, W., Martin, A. J., Cooper, P. D., Maltby, J. R., Johnson, D., Hurst, T., Mayers, I., Wigglesworth, D. F., Rose, D. K., Kay, J. C., Mazer, C. D., Yang, H., Beattie, W. S., Doyle, D. John, Demajo, Wlifred, Comfort, V. Kim, Code, William E., Rooney, Michael E., Clark, F. J. S., Sutton, I. R., Mutch, W. A. C., Thomson, I. R., Teskey, J. M., Thiessen, O. B., Rosanbloom, M., Tang, T. K. K., Robblee, J. A., Nathan, H. J., Wynands, J. E., Eagle, C. J., Belenkle, I., Chan, K. L., Tyberg, J. V., Stockwell, M., Zintel, T., Gallagher, G., Kavanagh, B., Sandier, A., Lawson, S., Chung, F., Ong, D., Isabel, L., Trépanier, C. A., Campbell, David C., Randall, Thomas E., Growe, Gershon H., Scarth, Irene, Sawchuk C. W. T., Ong B., Unruh H., Horan T., Greengrass R., Mark, D., Kitts, J. B., Curran, M. J., Lindsay, P., Polis, T., Coté, Sylvain, Socci, Maria, Wiesel, Saul, Conway, J. B., Seyone, C., Goldberg, J., Chung, F., Rose, D. Keith, Cohen, Marsha M., Rogers, Kent H., Duncan P. G., Pope W. D. B., Tweed W. A., Biehl D., Novick, T. V., Skinner, M. I., Mathieu, Alix, Villeneuve, Edith, Goldsmith, Charles H., Allen, Gregory C., Smith, Charles E., Pinchak, Alfred C., Hagen, Joan F., Hudson, J. C., Gennings, C., Tyler, B. L., Keenan, R. L., Chung, F., Seyone, C., Matl, N., Ong, D., Powell, P., Tessler, M. J., Kleiman, S. J., Wiesel, S., Tetzlaff, John E., Yoon, Helen J., Baird, Bruce, Walsh, Michael, Hondorp, Gregory, Wassef, Medhat R., Munshi, C., Brooks, J., Nimphius, N., Tweed, W. A., Lee, T. L., Tweed, W. A., Phua, W. T., Chong, K. Y., Lim, E., Finegan, B. A., Coulson, C., Lopaschuk, G. D., Clanachan, A. S., Fournier L., Cloutier R., Major D., Sharpe, M. D., Wexler, H. R., Dhamee, M. Saeed, Rooney, R., Ong, S. K., O’Leary, E., McCarroll, M., Phelan, D., Young, T., Coghlan, D., O’Leary, E., Blunnie, W. P., Splinter, W. M., Splinter, W. M., Ryan T., Maguire M., Bouchier-Hayes D., Cunningham A. J., Kamath, M. V., Fallen, E. L., Murkin, J. M., Shannon, N. A., Montgomery, C. J., Karl, H. W., Raymond, Jacques, Drolet, Pierre, Tanguay, M., Blaise, G., Garceau, D., Dumont, L., Omri, A., Sharkawi, M., Billard, V., Bourgain, J. L., Panos, A., Mazer, C. D., Lichtenstein, S. V., Bevan, J. C., Popovic, V., Baxter, M. R. N., Donati, F., Bevan, D. R., Bachman, C., Kopelow, M., Donen, N., Umôn, D. T., Kemp, S., Hartley, E., Sikich, N., Roy, W. L., Lerman, J., Cooper, Richard M., Yentis, S. M., Bissonnette, B., Halpern, L., Roy, L., Burrows, F. A., Fear, D. W., Hillier, S., Sloan, M., Crawford, M., Blssonnette, B., Sikich, N., Friedlander, M., Sandier, A. N., Panos, L., Winton, T., Benureof, J., Karski J., Teasdale S., Cruise C., Skala R., Zulys V., Ong, D., Chow, F., Packota, G., Yip, R., Bradley, J., Arellano, R., Sussman, G., Sosis, M., Braverman, B., Sosis, M., Ivankovich, A. D., Manganas, M., Lephay, A., Fournier, Th., Kadri, N., Ossart, M., Sandier, A. N., Turner, K. E., Wick, V., Wherrett, C., Sullivan, P. J., Dyck, J. B., Varvel, J., Shafer, S. L., Fiset, P., Balendran, P., Meistelman, C., Lira, E., Sloan, M., Nigrovic, V., Banoub, M., Splinter, W. M., Roberts, D. W., Rhine, E. J., MacNeill, H. B., Bonn, G. E., Clarke, W. M., Noel, L. P., Ryan T., Moriarty J., Bouchier-Hayes D., Cunningham A. J., Sandier, A. N., Baxter, A. D., Norman, P., Samson, B., Hull, K., Chung, F., Mali, N., Evans, D., Cruise, C., Shumka, D., Seyone, C., Leung, Peter T., Badner, N. H., Komar, W. E., Rajasingham, M., Farren, B., Vaillancourt, G., Cournoyer, S., Hollmann, C., Breen, T. W., Janzen, J. A., Crochetiere, C. T., McMorland, G. H., Douglas, M. 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Published
1991
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146. Effect of deep-sea sedimentary calcite preservation on atmospheric CO2 concentration

Author

Archer, D. and Maier-Reimer, E.

Subjects
Oceanography -- Observations, Deep-sea sounding -- Usage, Rocks, Sedimentary -- Research, Calcite -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Decrease in the calcite deposition rate results in a decrease of atmospheric CO2 concentration to the glacial level, and the pH of the ocean is determined by the supply of Ca2CO3 to the ocean by terrestrial weathering and the removal of carbonate by burial on sediments. The pH of the ocean is used to determine atmospheric CO2 concentration. Dissolution of Ca2CO3 in sedimentary pore water is obtained by the degradation of organic carbon in sediments.

Published
1994

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