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Biologically active peptides are particularly important for anti-photoaging studies. In this study, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin collagen polypeptide (SCSCP) with collagenase inhibition activity was obtained by optimizing the enzymatic hydrolysis process. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and liquid-liquid mass spectrometry were used to analyze the secondary structure, molecular weight distribution and characteristics of peptides, respectively. The effects of SCSCP on the proliferation of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) after UVB irradiation were also detected. Process-optimized SCSCP inhibited collagenase activity up to 54.47%. In SCSCP, α-helical and β-folded structures accounted for 17.70% and 22.65%, respectively. The relative molecular weights of SCSCP were more widely distributed below 1600 Da, with higher response values at 665.93 and 980.95 Da. The molecular weights of the characteristic peptides were 358.68–863.89 Da, and the peptide sequences with anti-photoaging activity were GPPGPPGTPGPQ, SGLPGPIGPPGPR, and GLPGPIGPPGPR. SCSCP at 10 mg/mL concentration had high DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, while 0.1 mg/mL SCSCP significantly restored UVB-induced L929 cell viability and inhibited MMP-1 secretion in L929 cells after UVB irradiation. These results indicate that SCSCP achieves anti-photoaging effects by scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting MMP-1 secretion. • A peptide SCSCP with collagenase inhibitory activity was found in silver carp skin. • The molecular weight of SCSCP is mainly distributed below 1.6 kDa. • SCSCP can effectively scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. • SCSCP can restore UVB-induced suppression of L929 cell viability. • SCSCP inhibite the secretion of MMP-1 in L929 cells after UVB irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoaging is characterized by skin dysfunction and wrinkle formation predominantly caused by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Collagen peptides are well-recognized as nutritional supplements for enhancing skin health. Gly-Pro, a dipeptide found in collagen as a major repetitive sequence, is considered a prospect collagen peptide derivative that displays anti-photoaging potential. Herein, we evaluated the photoprotective effects of Gly-Pro in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Pretreatment by Gly-Pro at a concentration of 0.1 μM inhibited UVA-driven generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NHDFs and attenuated UVA-induced changes in mRNA expression and activation of proteins of the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, Pro-Gly and cyclo(−Gly-Pro), two dipeptides that are structurally similar to Gly-Pro, depicted less anti-photoaging effects against UVA irradiation. Collectively, our data suggests that Gly-Pro has potential as a novel ingredient in nutricosmetic products for skincare and anti-photoaging. • Gly-Pro inhibited UVA-induced generation of intracellular ROS in NHDFs. • Gly-Pro exerted anti-photoaging effects by modulating the MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. • Pro-Gly and cyclo(−Gly-Pro) did not exhibit photoprotective abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the skin-related anti-photoaging activities of the 2 epimeric forms of protopanaxadiol (PPD), 20( S)-PPD and 20( R)-PPD, in cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). The anti-photoaging activity was evaluated by analyzing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as well as cell viability for HaCaT cells under UV-B irradiation. The activities for MMP-2 and -1 in conditioned medium were determined using gelatin zymography, and MMP-2 protein in the conditioned medium was detected using Western blot analysis. 20( S)-PPD, but not 20( R)-PPD, suppressed UV-B-induced ROS elevation. Neither of the epimers, at the concentrations used, exhibited cytotoxicity, irrespective of UV-B irradiation. 20( S)-PPD, but not 20( R)-PPD, exhibited an inhibitory effect on UV-B-induced MMP-2 activity and expression in HaCaT cells. In brief, only 20( S)-PPD, a major metabolic product of PPD-type ginsenosides, inhibits UV-B-induced ROS and MMP-2 elevation, implying its stereospecific anti-photoaging activity on the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng, one of the most widely used herbal medicines, has a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides are the major bioactive ingredients of ginseng, which are responsible for various pharmacological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rh2, known as an antitumour ginsenoside, exists as two different stereoisomeric forms, 20( S)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20( S)-Rh2] and 20( R)-ginsenoside Rh2 [20( R)-Rh2]. This work aimed to assess and compare skin anti-photoaging activities of 20( S)-Rh2 and 20( R)-Rh2 in UV-B-irradiated HaCat cells. 20( S)-Rh2, but not 20( R)-Rh2, was able to suppress UV-B-induced ROS production in HaCat cells. Both stereoisomeric forms could not modulate cellular survival and NO level in UV-B-irradiated HaCat cells. Both 20( S)-Rh2 and 20( R)-Rh2 exhibited suppressive effects on UV-B-induced MMP-2 activity and expression in HaCat cells. In brief, the two stereoisomers of ginsenoside Rh2, 20( S)-Rh2 and 20( R)-Rh2, possess skin anti-photoaging effects but possibly in different fashions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fucoidans were isolated from S. cristaefolium by subcritical water extraction • Purify fucoidans with anion-exchange chromatography and centrifugal filter • Anti-oxidative properties of SWE samples were identified • Lower molecular weight SWE exhibited good anti-inflammation effects Fucoidan is a heterologous polysaccharide consisting mainly of L-fucose with sulfuric acid functional groups, and it is considered to be a repository of bioactive compounds with excellent therapeutic and medical potential, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antitumor, and antibacterial capabilities. Subcritical water extraction was used to extract fucoidan from Sargassum. Fucoidans with different molecular weight (LMW) fractions were obtained by H 2 O 2 hydrolysis, and the effect of LMW on their bio-functions was investigated. Metal chelating, iron-reducing and free radical scavenging properties of purified fucoidans demonstrated outstanding anti-oxidative capacities of SWE fractions. In cellular viability assay, SWE was not inhibitory towards RAW 264.7, HaCaT, and Hs68 cells, even when high dosages were used. Anti-inflammatory activity was brought about by SWE administration after UVB exposure, demonstrating that the injured skin tissue was repaired and collagen was regenerated, as shown by in vitro and in vivo tests. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A fraction P1 was purified from Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide. • P1 was mainly composed of alginic acid with a molecular weight of 289 kDa. • P1 showed anti-photoaging activity by inhibiting the expressions of MMPs. • P1 could reduce the contents of ROS and inflammatory factors. In this study, a purified algal polysaccharide (P1) was isolated from Sargassum fusiforme and its structural characteristics and anti-photoaging activity were studied. Results showed that P1 had a molecular weight of 289 kDa and was mainly composed of mannuronic acid, guluronic acid and fucose with molar ratio of 7.67:2.35:1.00. The backbone of P1 was →4)- β -ManA-(1→4)- α -GulA-(1→4)- β -ManA-(1→4)- β -ManA-(1→4)- α -GulA-(1→4)- β -ManA-(1→3,4)- β -ManA-(1→ with a terminal group of α -Fuc p -(1→ linked to O-3 position of →3,4)- β -ManA-(1→. In addition, P1 could inhibit the expressions of MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) in the UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, indicating that P1 could reduce collagen loss caused by UVB irradiation. It also reduced the contents of ROS and inflammatory factors (TNF- α , IL-6 and IL-1 β), indicating that P1 could reduce the oxidative stress and inflammation response. Thus, Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide P1 could be used as a potential functional food to relieve skin photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The superposition of ultraviolet radiation induced (photodamage) aging process is photoaging. Antioxidant peptides derived from Pinctada fucata protein as raw materials were smeared the back of light-aging. The effect of antioxidant peptides on wrinkle generating, skin restoration capacity after pulled up and measure the active of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), hydroxyproline, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidation by kit and histological examination of UVB-irradiated skin that the mitotic index of basal cells, the thickness ratio of the epidermis and dermis, fibroblast count, density of collagen fibers and volume density of dermal microvasculature were studied. The result showed that antioxidant peptides had slowed down the progress of wrinkles formation and skin elasticity deceasing induced by acute irradiation of UVB. It also significantly controlled the speed of lipid peroxidation and the reduction of the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, hydroxyprodline and CAT. Histopathological studies showed that the derived antioxidant peptides could reduce the thickness ratio of the dermis and epidermis and increase the mitotic index of basal cells, fibroblast count, density of collagen fibers and volume density of dermal microvascular, these outcomes confirmed the protective role of antioxidant peptides in the process of photoaging. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Asterias pectinifera , a species of starfish and cause of concern in the aquaculture industry, was recently identified as a source of non-toxic and highly water-soluble collagen peptides. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-photoaging functions of compounds formulated using collagen peptides from extracts of Asterias pectinifera and Halocynthia roretzi (AH). Our results showed that AH compounds have various skin protective functions, including antioxidant effects, determined by measuring the scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, as well as anti-melanogenic effects, determined by measuring tyrosinase inhibition activity. To determine whether ethosome-encapsulated AH compounds (E(AH)) exert ultraviolet (UV)-protective effects, human dermal fibroblasts or keratinocytes were incubated with E(AH) before and after exposure to UVA or UVB. E(AH) treatment led to inhibition of photoaging-induced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 and -8, which are associated with inflammatory responses during UV irradiation. Finally, the antibacterial effects of AH and E(AH) were confirmed against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Our results indicate that E(AH) has the potential for use in the development of cosmetics with a range of skin protective functions.

Fingerroot [ Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schltr.], belonging to Zingiberaceae, is an edible tropical medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat various diseases. However, the effect of its oral intake on skin has not yet been reported. This study aimed to investigate anti-photoaging effects of the ethanol extract of fingerroot in a hairless mouse model. Compared with the untreated UVB control group, mice that received fingerroot extract (BPE) showed significantly reduced wrinkle formation, skin thickening, and transepidermal water loss in dorsal skin irradiated with UVB. Moreover, BPE significantly prevented UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -13 expressions and also MMP-2 and -9 activities. These results strongly suggest that oral administration of BPE confers in vivo anti-photoaging effects in hairless mice. Thus, fingerroot may have potential as an oral photoprotective agent to prevent skin photoaging following UV exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuruk contributes to the unique characteristics of Korean alcoholic beverages. In this study, the effects of nuruk extracts (NE) on anti-oxidant characters, melanogenesis, and anti-photoaging activity were investigated. NEs were obtained from the 70% ethanol extracts of six types of nuruk, which have been used in brewing of fermented alcohol beverages in Korea. First, various antioxidant characteristics were identified in terms of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. NE#4 exhibited potent ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 19.51 μg/mL). Compared with NE#4, relatively lower levels of activity were observed for NF#3 and NE#6, with IC50 values of 90.99 and 76.88 μg/mL, respectively. According to results of western blot analysis for determination of SOD expression in H2O,-treated HepG2 cells, NE#5 and NE#6 induced a dramatic increase in the expression ratio of SOD, compared to the group treated with H2O2 only. Activity of xanthine oxidase, which converts xanthine into uric acid, generating superoxide ions, was inhibited by NE#4 and NE#6 in a dose-dependent manner. NE#4 induced significant inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity. A reduction in cellular melanin contents of 80% was observed in B16F1 melanocytes treated with NE#5 and NE#6; these effects were similar to those of arbutin at 100 μM. In addition, gelatin zymography and reverse transcription-PCR analysis were performed for assessment of anti-photoaging activity of Nuruk. Treatment with NE#6 resulted in dramatically inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MIMIP)-2/-9, suppressed expression of MMP-1, and increased expression of type-1 procollagen. Results of gelatin zymography for NE#4 and NE#5 were similar, to a slightly lesser degree. These results suggest the potential of NE#4 and NE#6 as natural ingredients for use in functional foods and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed, which has very high nutraceutical, cosmetoceutical and therapeutic properties, has been widely used to treat diseases in Tibetan and Mongolian traditional medicines. In this study, we measured the antioxidant activities of the solvent-dependent SBS (Sea buckthorn seed) extracts using the DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu assays and we investigated the efficacy of SBS in protecting skin against UVB-induced damage using cultured human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, the inhibitory effects of SBS on UVB-induced skin photoaging were examined by determining the level of Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and procollagen after UVB-irradiation. The antioxidant capacity of the SBSE (alcoholic) extract was significantly higher than the SBSH (hexane) and SBSW (water) extracts, as measured based on the free-radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content. SBSE was chosen as the most suitable candidate antioxidant. In human dermal fibroblasts, the cell viability of SBSE extract at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL was higher than the UVB-treated control. By RT-PCR and Western blot, SBSE treatment inhibited UVB-induced IL-1β expression in cultured cells. In addition, SBSE restrained UVB-induced IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression in cultured fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the SBSE extract after UVB irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts significantly reduced MMP-1 expression and increased procollagen synthesis when compared with UVB-irradiation only. In this study, SBSE was shown to increase the synthesis of procollagen, decrease the expression of MMP-1, and inhibit the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 in UVB-irradiated human fibroblasts. These findings suggest that the SBSE extract may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing and treating skin photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Gynura procumbens Merr. (Asteraceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for various skin diseases in certain areas of Southeast Asia. Aim of the study: In order to evaluate the protective activity of Gynura procumbens extract on skin photoaging and elucidate its mode of action. Materials and methods: Matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -9 expressions were induced by UV-B irradiation in human primary dermal fibroblasts. MMP-1 expression level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Zymography was employed for evaluating the enzymatic activity of MMP-9. Anti-inflammatory activity and anti-oxidative capacity of the extract were evaluated by ELISA and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay. Results: The ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens inhibited MMP-1 expression up to 70% compare to negative control group. The enzymatic activity of MMP-9 was inhibited around 73% by the treatment of 20μg/mL of the extract. The extract markedly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gynura procumbens extract showed an inhibitory effect on releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in human HaCat keratinocyte. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens inhibited MMP-1 and MMP-9 expressions induced by UV-B irradiation via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine mediator release and ROS production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Paeonia is famous as ornamental, medicinal plant, and edible oil crop in China. The seeds of peonies are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, monoterpene glycosides, sterols and stilbenes which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, etc. In this study, the composition and content of stilbenes in the seed coat extracts (SCE) from 50 populations of 18 species and two subspecies of Paeonia were determined by high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The results showed that the composition and content of stilbenes, especially suffruticosol B and gnetin H, differed significantly between Paeonia species, while there were small differences between populations of the same species. All the samples were clustered into two groups according to the stilbenes in SCE. The difference between the two groups was mainly reflected in the content of suffruticosol B and gnetin H. Furthermore, all samples showed high antioxidant activity, which was significantly positively correlated with the total polyphenol content. The SCE of P. anomala and P. lactiflora at different concentrations could effectively inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinase − 1 (MMP-1) in keratinocytes, and then achieve the effect of inhibiting cell aging. This study provided a valuable reference for the value-added utilization of Paeonia seed coat. ● Paeonia seed coat is rich in stilbenes, most of them are resveratrol trimer. ● Suffruticosol B and gnetin H are the two stilbenes with the highest content in Paeonia seed coat. ● Paeonia seed coat extract can effectively inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinase −1 in skin keratinocytes. ● Paeonia seed coat can be used as a new resource to develop anti- photoaging products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by UV irradiation, may cause serious injury to skin cell membranes, DNA and functional proteins. In addition, these agents stimulate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which can degrade most components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including collagen. In order to develop new anti-photoaging agents, five major components from the extract of Fraxinus chinensis extract (FCE) were identified. Two of the major components of FCE were found to be esculin (11.2%) and esculetin (1.9%). FCE (IC50: 50.0 μg/mL 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 19.8 μg/mL, Superoxide anion radical) and esculetin (IC50: 2.1 μg/mL DPPH; 0.6 μg/mL, superoxide anion radical) showed strong antioxidative activities. Of the compounds tested, esculetin showed the strongest scavenging activity against DPPH radicals, followed by Superoxide anions from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. The intracellular ROS scavenging activity showed that oxidation of 5-(6-)-chloromethyl-2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) was effectively inhibited by esculetin, with potent free radical scavenging activity was also shown in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Moreover, treatment of UVA-irradiated HDFs with esculetin resulted in dose-dependent decreases in the expression levels of MMP-1 mRNA and protein. From these results, FCE and one of its components, esculetin, were predicted to be potentially useful as ingredients in cosmetics for protecting against photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar UVA irradiation-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), leading to photoaging, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we found that eriodictyol remarkably reduces UVA-mediated ROS generation and protects the skin cells from oxidative damage and the ensuing cell death. Moreover eriodictyol pretreatment significantly down-regulates the UVA-induced MMP-1 expression, and lowers the inflammatory responses within the skin cells. Pretreatment with eriodictyol upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitory metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and collagen-I (COL-1) at the transcriptional level in a dose-dependent manner. UVA-induced phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 leading to increased MMP-1 expression are significantly reduced in eriodictyol-treated skin cells. In addition, eriodictyol pretreatment significantly suppresses inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling cascades in skin cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that eriodictyol has both potent anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging effects. [Display omitted] • Eriodictyol (ER) showed protective effects on skin HaCaT and FEK-4 cells against UVA radiations. • After UVA exposures, ER promotes cell proliferation and Reduces ROS generation. • The expression of MMP-1 along with inflammatory factors was down regulated. • Eriodictyol up-regulate the expression of TIMP-1 and Collagen-1 genes. • Eriodictyol reduces the activation of MAPK (phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p38). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the effect of pearl powder has been recognized for more than a thousand years from healthcare to beauty care, there has yet to be an in-depth understanding of its anti-photoaging effect. In the present study, the protective effect of pearl extract (PE) on UV-induced photoaging in mice was evaluated. First, the amino acid analysis of PE was carried out. Then, different dosages of pearl extract gel (PEG) were applied topically on the shaved dorsal skins regions of mice before UV irradiation. Skin physiological and histological analysis, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory factor test were used to evaluate the anti-photoaging effect of PEG. The results showed that PEG contained 14 amino acids, and could inhibit UV-irritated skin wrinkles, laxity, thickness, and dryness. Moreover, PEG upregulated the activities of CAT, GSH-Px, SOD and decreased MDA level, and suppressed the production of IL-1β, IL-6, PGE 2 , TNF-α, and COX-2 in UV-irradiated mice. The therapeutic effect in high dose PEG group was superior to those of positive control (Vitamin E). This study demonstrated the underlying mechanisms of PEG against UV-irritated photoaging. And PEG possesses a potential use in photoprotective medicines and cosmetics., (© 2022 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Our previous study showed that the water-soluble heteropolysaccharide extracted from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLHP) has excellent anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant properties. This study explored the efficacy of GLHP against skin anti-photoaging in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells and BALB/c mice under UVB irradiation. Cell viability, antiapoptotic, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell wound scratch assays were conducted, as well as assessment of inflammation markers and sun protection factors. The in vitro results showed that GLHP pretreatment significantly inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis, reversed the decrease of cell viability via downregulating the expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3, accelerated the migration of HaCaT cells, and promoted wound healing. Notably, the protective effect of GLHP may be associated with the scavenging of ROS and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, GLHP pretreatment significantly restrained the upregulation of iNOS (UVB-induced inflammation marker), suppressed the expression of P-ERK and NF-κB, and decreased the activity of MMPs, suggesting that it exerts the therapeutic effects by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signal pathway. Results obtained after conducting the in vivo assay confirmed that GLHP could reverse the UVB-induced increase of epidermal thickness in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, this study shows that GLHP can be utilized as a safer resource in the manufacture of anti-aging cosmetics because it exerts excellent anti-photoaging effects. • GLHP inhibits photoaging through reducing apoptosis, inhibiting ROS production, and preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. • Topical application of GLPH contributes to prevention in UVB-induced skin aging. • GLHP can be used as a natural agent for preventing skin photoaging and promoting skin health in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The prospective antiaging substance from marine macroalgae, micaroalgae, invertebrate and vertebrate were reviewed. • The activity and mechanism of antiaging substance from marine organisms were revealed. • The problems and prospects aspects were discussed for future research in this field. Marine organisms have received mounting attention in antiaging activity due to their exclusive chemicals. This review aims at revealing and discussing prospective antiaging substance from marine macroalgae, micaroalgae, invertebrate and vertebrate. The activity and mechanism of the carbohydrate, protein, pigment, flavonoids, fatty acids, phenols from marine organisms were revealed through a variety of antiaging experimental models such as rats, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. And meanwhile, the problems and prospects aspects were discussed for future research in this field. It was suggested that the antiaging functional ingredients from these marine organisms are alternative sources for synthetic ingredients that can contribute to consumer's well-being, as part of nutraceuticals, functional foods and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis) petals are used as ingredients in many cosmetics. However, despite their use in numerous products, the exact function of cherry blossom petals in cosmetics is unclear. Therefore, we need evidence-based studies to support the labeling claims that are made in cherry blossom products in the cosmetics industry. We investigated the skin anti-aging potential of non-enzymatic softening cherry blossom extract (NES-CBE) in this study. The extract desalinated, to improve its quality such that it can be used as a functional material for the skin. The anti-wrinkle effect of NES-CBE was investigated on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) under solar UV (sUV) light exposure. We found that NES-CBE reduced the sUV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression and modulated the transactivation of the activator protein (AP)-1. Furthermore, NES-CBE suppressed the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK proteins, indicating its regulation of sUV-induced MAPK signaling. Additionally, we observed NES-CBE reduced MMP-1 protein expression in a human skin equivalent model. Taken together, these results suggest that NES-CBE reduces sUV-induced MMP-1 protein expression through reducing AP-1 transactivation via regulation of the MEK1/2-ERK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hyaluronan hydrogel for the pH-triggered release of dihydrocaffeic acid. • Dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) was incorporated through boronate ester bonds. • The pH-triggered release of DHCA allows its effective delivery in skin environment. • Hyaluronic acid improved DHCA protection against UVB-induced fibroblasts damages. • Hyaluronic acid hydrogel with DHCA is a promising strategy to prevent photoaging. Herein, we exploit the dynamic nature and pH dependence of complexes between phenylboronic acid and diol-containing molecules to control the release of an anti-photoaging agent, dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA), from a dynamic covalent hydrogel (HG). The HG is prepared by reversible formation of boronate ester crosslinks between hyaluronic acid (HA) modified with saccharide (GLU) residues and HA functionalized with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA), part of which is involved in complexation with DHCA. The hydrogel exhibited increased dynamic moduli and a lower relaxation time at pH 7.4 in comparison to pH 6, and greater amount of DHCA was incorporated at pH 7.4. Moreover, this hydrogel prolonged DHCA release at pH 7.4 through drug reversible complexation/decomplexation, while the rate of release was fastest in acidic (skin) conditions. Very interestingly, the incorporation of DHCA into the network enhances its protection against UVB-induced L929 fibroblast death. Therefore, this smart hydrogel can contribute to photoaging prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanin (PSP-AE) had anti-photoaging effects. • PSP-AE ameliorated the UVB-irradiated damages in BALB/c-nu mice skin. • PSP-AE protected against UVB by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. This study investigated the effect of anthocyanin extracts from purple-fleshed sweet potato (PSP-AE) on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging in BALB/c-nu mice. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis showed six compounds were identified from PSP-AE. Administration of PSP-AE ameliorated the UVB-irradiated macroscopic and histopathological lesions of the skin via suppressing epidermal hyperplasia and collagen degradation, while improving the content of skin moisture and hydroxyproline. Additionally, PSP-AE inhibited the UVB-induced oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities. Results showed PSP-AE inhibited the UVB-irradiated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed PSP-AE remarkably decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated c-Jun-Nterminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. Likewise, UVB induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 were diminished by pretreatment of PSP-AE. Therefore, PSP-AE had the potential to attenuate the UVB-irradiated skin oxidative stress and inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GLPY and GPGGVGAL increased cell viability due to high suppression on Ca2+ influx. • GLPY and GPGGVGAL inhibited loss of ECM by regulating MMPs and collagen expression. • GPGGVGAL was completely digested while GLPY remained intact in GI tract. • GLPY was moderately absorbed via transporter PepT1 and transcytosis pathways. Our previous study showed that elastin hydrolysates could ameliorate UV damage in mice skin and two peptides GLPY and GPGGVGAL with protective effects against UV damage on fibroblast were identified. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underling mechanism. Results showed that GLPY and GPGGVGAL could protect fibroblast from UV damage by suppressing ROS production. Notably, GPGGVGAL could inhibit Ca2+ influx more effectively, whereas GLPY displayed stronger suppression on the loss of elastin and collagen type-I, which could result from that GLPY could regulate the mRNA expression of collagen type-I and the level of MMP-12 more efficiently. Additionally, GLPY maintained intact in gastrointestinal tract and could be transferred across Caco-2 monolayers via the intracellular transcytosis pathway, whereas GPGGVGAL was completely hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes. Results suggested that GLPY could be potential ingredients used to prevent and regulate the skin photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is viewed as the principal inducer of skin photo-aging, associated with acceleration of collagen degradation and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The ethnic groups of southern/western China use Fuzhuan brick-tea (FBT) as a beverage and as a nutritional supplement. In this study, we scrutinized the antagonistic effects of aqueous extract of Fuzhuan-brick tea (FBTA) on skin photo-aging in UVB-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. FBTA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and quenched UVB-induced generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) without showing any toxicity. FBTA was capable of combating oxidative stress by augmenting messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of both phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated pathway in HaCaT cells via the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). FBTA also downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) while upregulating type I procollagen by modulating Nrf2 signaling in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Collectively, our results show that FBTA might be useful as a functional food while being a good candidate in the development of cosmetic products and medicines for the remedy of UVB-induced skin photo-aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is viewed as the principal inducer of skin photo-aging, associated with acceleration of collagen degradation and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The ethnic groups of southern/western China use Fuzhuan brick-tea (FBT) as a beverage and as a nutritional supplement. In this study, we scrutinized the antagonistic effects of aqueous extract of Fuzhuan-brick tea (FBTA) on skin photo-aging in UVB-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. FBTA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and quenched UVB-induced generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) without showing any toxicity. FBTA was capable of combating oxidative stress by augmenting messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of both phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ( Nrf2 )-mediated pathway in HaCaT cells via the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). FBTA also downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) while upregulating type I procollagen by modulating Nrf2 signaling in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Collectively, our results show that FBTA might be useful as a functional food while being a good candidate in the development of cosmetic products and medicines for the remedy of UVB-induced skin photo-aging.

The present study assessed the effects of an aqueous extract of Acanthopanax koreanum root (AE) and of AE following fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium bifidum) (AEF) on human skin fibroblast HS68 cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and oxidative stress. AEF effectively antagonized the senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and upregulation of p53 and p21(Cip1/WAF1) induced by UVB or H2O2 treatment in HS68 cells. It also exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in radical scavenging assays and reduced the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species induced by UVB or H2O2 treatment. The antioxidant and antisenescent activities of AEF were greater than those of nonfermented A. koreanum extract. AEF significantly repressed the UVB- or H2O2-induced activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3, overexpression of MMP-1, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. This repression of NF-κB activation and MMP-1 overexpression was attenuated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase activator, suggesting that this AEF activity was dependent on this signaling pathway. Taken together, these data indicated that AEF-mediated antioxidant and anti-photoaging activities may produce anti-wrinkle effects on human skin.