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In this paper Compaq patch antenna is designed using array of E shape element and its performance is optimized using defected ground structure. Two array designs are proposed of 1 by 2 elements and 2 by 2 elements and its performances are analyzed. Circular DGS is introduced to enhance the performance characteristics like gain, bandwidth, mutual coupling and better isolation between elements of antenna. Finally designed 2 by 2 elements patch antenna with circular shape DGS shows optimum performance and it overcomes the hindrance of narrow bandwidth and by this successful design of patch antenna is achieved which can operate in wideband frequency.

The present investigation was carried out for the induction of haploid plants in Citrus grandis through in situ parthenogenesis by pollination with gamma-irradiated pollen of C. limetta and C. sinensis, treated with 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy gamma ray doses followed by in vitro ovule culture. Ovule culture at 50 days after pollination (DAP) was found optimum for the maximum recovery of in vitro-raised plantlets as compared to 35 and 20 DAP. At 50 DAP, irrespective of the pollen parent, plantlet regeneration capacity decreased at 300 and 400 Gy irradiation treatment (0.62% and 0.60%, respectively) with maximum recovery in the nonirradiated control (3.07%). Chromosome counting in actively growing root tips of all the in vitro-raised ovule cultured plantlets revealed that two haploid plants with chromosome number of nine were induced in C. grandis from the ovule culture that was cultured at 50 DAP following pollination with irradiated pollen of C. sinensis at 400 Gy and C. limetta pollen at 300 Gy. However, irradiation doses below 300 Gy were incapable of inducing any haploids in either cross combination. Similarly, all the plantlets regenerated from in vitro embryo culture of mature seeds were found to be diploid in nature, irrespective of the pollen parent and irradiation dose. Molecular analysis of the in vitro-raised haploid and diploid plants using SSR markers confirmed the maternal origins of the haploid plants; however, the diploid plants were found zygotic in nature with one allele from the seed parent and the other one from the pollen parent.

Puparia, immatures and adults of a new whitefly genus and species, Himalayaleyrodes sarcococcae Dubey are described from the Western Himalaya, India. The new species was found feeding on leaves as well as on green stems of Sarcococca saligna (D. Don) Muell. Biological information, habitus, line arts, photomicrographs of holotype and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images are given for this new taxon. Also, we discuss similarities and dissimilarities of puparia of the new genus with its closely related genus Bemisia Quaintance & Baker. Feeding behaviour is discussed.

A new whitefly species, Aleuroclava tianmuensis Wang & Dubey (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is described from Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. (Saxifragales: Daphniphyllaceae) and Litsea cubeba (Lours.) Pers. (Laurales: Lauraceae) from Tianmu Mountain (China). The puparium of this new species differs from that of the closely related species Aleuroclava gordoniae (Takahashi) by the presence of median tubercles on the abdominal segments, the position of the cephalic setae, and by the absence of a minute tubercle associated with the thoracic tracheal pores. An identification key of Aleuroclava species known from China is provided.

One-and-a-half-year-old Kinnow plants budded on Jatti Khatti were treated with different triazole compounds in the presence or absence of NaCl. All of the NaCl damage symptoms were alleviated by the triazoles. The maximum improvement in leaf weight ratio (LWR) (40.9%), membrane stability index (MSI) (1.2-fold), and relative water content (RWC) (1.1-fold) was found in paclobutrazol (PBZ)-treated plants in the presence of NaCl. Furthermore, hexaconazole (HEX) and PBZ plants had lower accumulation of Na+ in leaves while less Cl− content and maximum K+ content in leaf tissues were found in PBZ-treated plants under NaCl stress condition. Thus, PBZ and/or triazole (TRZ) could be used as a potential tool to enhance salinity stress tolerance in Kinnow budded on Jatti Khatti.

In the 21 st century, everywhere people analyze &measure societal. The new trend to compute the societal is known as social computing. The emerging trend of research focuses interaction of technologies with humanity. This interaction can be either man machine interaction or human computer interaction. T his article conveys the brief description of social computing and social impact of computing into variant environment. It optimises the interaction technology, ubiquitous computing and pervasive computing. Subsequently affective computing is discussed withartificial intelligence to motivate the automation of technology in social computing.

Puparia and third instars of a new whitefly, Aericerus meghalayensisgen. et sp. nov. infesting Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) (Combretaceae) leaves are described from Barapani, located in the state of Meghalaya in North-East India. The florate-shaped wax secreting geminate pores and submarginal sieve plates are reported for the first time from whitefly puparia. Puparia of the new genus differ from closely related genera, Aleuroclava Singh and Trialeurolonga Martin in having submargin demarcated from the dorsal disc, longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures reaching submarginal ridge, prominent tracheal folds, and a groove demarcating narrow submargin ventrally; it also differs from the former genus in having wax secreting glandular pores with accompanying sieve plates on the submargin, and from the latter genus in puparial size, smooth margin and in lacking submarginal papillae. The new taxa are described with camera lucida drawings, images of habitus, holotype puparium and third instar, and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs.

In briquetting plant, briquettes are produced throu gh small pieces of soybean stalk, pigeon pea straw, lantana stalk, cotton stalk with moisture content below 10%. Biomass grinding machin e is an important part of the briquetting plant, wh ose function is to convert aggregate material in to small pieces. Biomass grin der consists of mainly hammer, grate and shaft. Sha ft is an essential component of grinding machine, when holds hammers, pulley and fa n. The failures of shaft bearing were observed due to non uniform distribution of stress. The study was under taken to conduct sim ulation study of shaft for stress analysis with the help of FE software ANSYS 12.0.1.

Tuberaleyrodes lauri Dubey and Wang new species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is described from China on Cinnamomum subavenium (Laurales: Lauraceae). The puparium of the new species differs from that of all other Tuberaleyrodes species by the presence of 6 to 8 pairs of subdorsal setae placed on long elevated tubercles, 8 pairs of small submarginal setae, an operculum that completely covers the orifice and reduced median length of abdominal segment VII. An identification key to puparia of the Tuberaleyrodes species is provided.

Icfrealeyrodes Dubey & Sundararaj is removed from its synonymy of Asialeyrodes Corbett and redefined with a generic diagnosis provided. Icfrealeyrodes indica rev. comb. is proposed for A. dubius Martin & Mound. New combinations proposed include: I. maesae (Takahashi) comb. nov. for Pseudaleyrodes maesae Takahashi, and I. radiata (Pushpa & Sundararaj) comb. nov. for A. radiata Pushpa & Sundararaj. Icfrealeyrodes totus Dubey sp. nov. is described from Rihdil Lake of Myanmar along with drawings and microphotographs and represents the first record of the genus Icfrealeyrodes in Myanmar. Puparial characters differentiating Icfrealeyrodes from Asialeyrodes are discussed. A key to puparia of the Icfrealeyrodes species is given.

Aleuropositus Dubey gen. n., Australeurodes Dubey gen. n. and Septemaleurodes Dubey gen. n. are proposed with their respective type species as A. sinus Dubey sp. n. from India, D. operculobata Martin & Carver from Australia, and D. swainei Martin from Australia. A. sinus sp. n. is described from Kerala, India, illustrated with line drawings, microphotographs and SEM images. The puparia are asymmetric in taxonomic characters and shape, and variation in puparia associated with a single host is discussed. A generic diagnosis of Dialeurolonga is provided based on SEM study of the type species, D. elongata. Australian species placed in this genus have puparial characteristics that distinguish them from Afrotropical assemblages, and are here referred to two new genera.

An understanding on host-parasite interaction is essential for control of disease causing organisms in domestic animals. The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) is the predominant flea infesting dogs and cats in Taiwan. It was collected from 933 dogs and 197 cats from Taiwan. A total of 5878 C. felis adults were recovered; 14.6% fleas were observed to harbor Steinina ctenocephali. Female fleas were more susceptible to gregarine infection than males. Further, fleas were more likely to be infected with the gregarine at high temperatures, particularly during March-July with high parasite prevalence and intensity. Fleas harboring gregarines infection were higher in dogs than cats. Our study may help in development and application of appropriate flea control measures in Taiwan.

Scientific visualization is the research era for vision measurement and formation of object as per the higher interaction. Various television shows, movies, etc., are designed to improve the better visualization by using key frames, frame rate, layering and compute their vision perspective in real-time systems. Most of the movies are using visualization for better attraction to the users and increase their usability for the rating as well as cost. I appreciate the previous survey and find out that the eye visualization and photo metrics are a necessity of people to show various pictures. Much of the research is done in this field and much more remains to be explored. Domains of interactive visualization are focused and the problems in derived parameters of visualization are found out. Novel parameters have been introduced to improve the quality of interactive visualization for better results.

Defect is an important issue in medical image; we have investigated the defects in medical images. The missing data in an image is computed through error detection mechanism. Defect is creating a major problem in the medical science. When a patient with disease has any internal infections like cancer, kidney stone and external infections like fungal infection, skin disease, etc., patient follows the doctor’s advice. Doctor checks his patient and his disease and he suggests many types of tests like X-ray. Theses tests are done by patients, but some defects are caused in the machine internal or external, which makes the result improper, hence the problem cannot be identified by the doctorclearly. In this paper calculate the percentage of defected image with healthy image and comparison of healthy image.

The human body acquires energy in many form to manage their activities. This energy enters into human body in the form of food, beverages or any other external source. Few of the vital nutrients are injected into human body via supplementary medicines, etc. Some of the required energy of human body is absorbed naturally from the environment (e.g. vitamin D through sunlight). Human body absorbs limited energy / nutrients from the environment due to lack of proper transformation of energy aspects of human body. Due to this there is requirement of an interface which can help in transforming the environmental energy for fulfilling some aspects of the human body energy requirements. To understand the role of environment energy for its utilization to fulfil the some energy requirement of human body, we have proposed & discussed an interface that has capability of transforming the environmental energy into various aspects of human body energy.

Modern era of research is motivated to optimize the hardware parts involved during the process of interaction. The idea is to deploy virtual environment for performing the daily routine tasks and social aspects of people. Virtualization provides the interface for performing the task and there is no need of hardware device space. Due to limited hardware space and human err, researchers emphasize use of virtual environment in computer human interaction. Mostly users prefer hand for giving the input task to the system and they are bounded to directly interact with system. Virtual writing and virtual operation is the ongoing research problem, where industries and laboratory are investing maximum effort. The developed gestured system has a lot of scope for improvements with research gazing at accuracy of recognition. In this paper author give the valuable contribution into gestured recognition. Two threads of gestured characteristics are considered for social application to improve the collaborative interaction of human to system.

The response given by the photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient accumulation of kinnow (Citrus nobilis×C. deliciosa) budded onCitrus jambhiriLush rootstocks (var. Jatti Khatti) to triazole compounds was studied under NaCl stress. Eighteen-month-old budded kinnow plants were irrigated with 0 or 50 mM NaCl with or without triazole compounds. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) at 100 mg 1−1and triazole (TRZ), triadimefon (TDM) and hexaconazole (HEX) at 20 mg l−1were applied by drenching the soil one week prior to NaCl application. PBZ, TRZ and TDM were equally effective in preventing chlorophyll degradation under NaCl stress. The improvement in catalase (CAT) activity was greater in TRZ- and TDM-treated plants under stress, while for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, TRZ, PBZ and TDM were found to be equally effective. The peroxidase (POX) activity increased more in TDM-treated plants. The application of TDM and HEX had a more pronounced effect on the upregulation of proline content under stress. Furthermore, triazole compounds increased the accumulation of K+and Ca2+ions and inhibited that of Na+and Cl−, resulting in an improvement in the K+/Na+and K+/Cl−ratios. For PBZ-treated plants, the K+/Na+and K+/Cl−ratios in leaf tissues increased 2.4- and 2.1-fold compared to plants treated with NaCl alone, while HEX had a more striking effect on Ca2+upregulation and significantly (1.5-fold) increased leaf Ca2+under stress.

Influence of seven rootstocks on tree morphology, fruit quality and leaf physiology of ‘Marsh Seedless’ and ‘Redblush’ grapefruits was evaluated under subtropical north India. Rootstock effect on shoot relative elongation rate was found to be negligible. Both the cultivars showed higher fruiting density on rough lemon and Troyer citrange. ‘Marsh Seedless’ fruits did not differ much among rootstocks owing to sphericity. However, most spherical ‘Redblush’ fruits were recorded on Jatti Khatti (98.31%). Sour orange and Billikichlli induced very firm fruits in both the cultivars. ‘Marsh Seedless’ fruits on sour orange and Billikichlli developed maximum colour, whereas more bright and coloured ‘Redblush’ fruits were noticed on rough lemon, sour orange and Billikichlli. Moreover, while sour orange imparted the highest total phenol content (TPC) (490.23 mg Catechol/l juice) in ‘Marsh Seedless’ fruits, Billikichlli induced the highest (480.24 mg Catechol/l juice) in ‘Redblush’ fruits. ‘Marsh Seedless’ fruits with the highest naringin content (238.27 μg/ml) were recorded on Troyer citrange and those of ‘Redblush’ (122.17 μg/ml) on rough lemon. Billikichlli for ‘Marsh Seedless’ and Jatti Khatti for ‘Redblush’ were found desirable under moisture stress condition due to their lowest LWL (30.55 and 34.21%, respectively). Furthermore, highest leaf stomatal density in both ‘Marsh Seedless’ (0.48/mm2) and ‘Redblush’ (0.40/mm2) were reported on rough lemon.

SummarySeven–month-old, uniform-sized seedlings of five citrus rootstocks [sour orange (Citrus aurantiam), Attani-2 (C. rugulosa), Troyer citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata), billikhichlli (C. reshni), and RLC-6 (C. jambhiri)] were irrigated to 70% of field capacity with water containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 mM NaCl for 180 d. Growth, in terms of plant heights and the numbers of leaves, decreased with increasing levels of salinity in all five rootstocks. The decrease in plant height was greatest in the salt-susceptible Troyer citrange and billikhichlli at higher levels of salinity. However, in the salt-tolerant sour orange and Attani-2, NaCl caused only a slight decrease in plant height. Defoliation was maximum in the salt-susceptible Troyer citrange and billikhichlli. The maximum increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were found in the salt-susceptible Troyer citrange at higher levels of salinity. Leaf proline contents increased most in Attani-2, sour orange, and R...

Adult and immature stages of a new whitefly species Dialeurodes swidi Ko are described and illustrated. It can be distinguished from other species by the abundant large tubercles scattered over its dorsum, each of them bearing a geminate pore. The biology, comparative notes and identification keys to puparia and adults of Dialeurodes species of Taiwan are provided.

The whitefly species of the genus Aleurolobus Quaintance and Baker are reviewed from Taiwan. A total of nine species are included. Aleurolobus shiiae Takahashi is new to Taiwan. Aleurolobus osmanthi Young is considered as a junior synonym of Aleurolobus taonabae (Kuwana). A new species, Aleurolobus rubus Dubey and Ko, is described, and the puparia of the new species are diagnosed in a combination of characters: the dorsal pores scattered over dorsum; each located on a large subcircular, chitinised cuticular dorsal marking; faint eye spots; broader submargin; and the vasiform orifice set anterior to the caudal end of puparium by nearly twice of its own length. The record of Aleurolobus philippinensis Quaintance and Baker, and Aleurolobus setigerus Quaintance and Baker from Taiwan is discussed. The puparial diagnosis of each species, identification key to species so far known from Taiwan and illustrations for each species are provided.

The genus Asterobemisia Trehan (1940) and Bemisiella Danzig (1966) are synonymised with Bemisia Quaintance & Baker. Fifteen new combinations have been proposed in the genus Bemisia.

The whitefly genus Tetraleurodes Cockerell is revised from Taiwan. Three species, T. acaciae (Quaintance), T. graminis Takahashi, and T. oplismeni Takahashi are recognized. Tetraleurodes acaciae is new to Taiwan. The puparia and adults of these three species are described and illustrated. New host records are given. Identification keys to puparia and adults are provided.

Seven species of whiteflies, Aleuroclava selvakumarani Sundararaj & David, Aleuroplatus spina (Singh), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), D. dissimilis (Quaintance & Baker), D. ixorae (Singh), Dialeurolonga maculata (Singh) and Minutaleyrodes minuta (Singh), from Sri Lanka form new records. Of these, D. citri and M. minuta are pest species. A new species, Pealius nelsoni David & Dubey is described and illustrated. New host plant records are indicated. A check list of whiteflies of Sri Lanka is appended.

We prove some common fixed point results for a pair of mappings which satisfy generalized contractive conditions with rational expressions having point-dependent control functions as coefficients in complex valued b-metric spaces. The results of this paper generalize and extend the several known results in complex valued b-metric spaces. Finally, examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and to usability of our main results.

A new name, Aleuroclava tarennae, is proposed for Aleuroclava davidi Dubey and Sundararaj, 2005, a homonym of Aleuroclava davidi Qureshi, 1982. Aleurolobus exceptionalis Regu and David, found infesting Madhuca latifolia (Sapotaceae) in India, is redescribed and its intraspecific variation reported. An African whitefly, Aleurolobus gruveli Cohic is recorded for the first time in India. A new species, Dialeurodes atalantiae, infesting Atalantia racemosa (Rutaceae) in India, is described and illustrated.

The whitefly species, Aleyrodes shizuokensis Kuwana 1911 is re-recorded from Taiwan for the first time since Takahashi (1935). The puparia and adults of two morphologically similar species, A. proletella (Linnaeus 1758) and A. shizuokensis Kuwana 1911, are redescribed and illustrated. A detailed morphological comparison between the species is made.

A new whitefly species, Dialeuronomada papillata Dubey & Ko, found infesting Atalantia racemosa (Rutaceae) in India is described.

The purpose of this paper is to prove existence of coincidence points and a common fixed point theorems for four maps in cone metric spaces. AMS Subject Classification: 47H10, 54H25

Out of various no edible oil resources, jatropha curcas oil is considered as a promising alternate fuel for CI engines. The present study describes the process used for production of degummed jatropha oil (DGJO) and jatropha methyl ester (JBD) The important fuel properties of DGJO and JBD were determined and compared with fossil diesel and jatropha oil. The degumming and trans esterification process has reduced the viscosity by 19.8% and 74.8% respectively. The heating of degummed oil at 70 0C reduce the viscosity by 6.8 times when compared with viscosity at 10 0C. Further the degummed oil at 70 0 C becomes viscous at par with fossil diesel, hence could be used directly in IC engines.

Eight new species of the genus Aleuroclava Singh viz., A. calicutensis, sp. nov. (Kerala: Calicut), A. calycopteriseae, sp. nov. (Karnataka: Kudremukh), A. davidi, sp. nov. (Tamil Nadu: Jamunamarathur hills), A. doddabettaensis, sp. nov. (Tamil Nadu: Doddabatta), A. kudremukhensis, sp. nov. (Karnataka: Kudremukh), A. martini, sp. nov. (Karnataka: Kudremukh), A. papillota, sp. nov. (Karnataka: Kudremukh), and A. ramachandrani, sp. nov. (Karnataka: Unachali falls) are described and illustrated. Two new combinations Aleurclava murrayae (Singh), comb. nov. and Aleuroclava psidii (Singh), comb. nov. are proposed. This bring the number of Indian species of Aleuroclava to 49. New hosts have been recorded for the Indian species of Aleuroclava.

The whitefly genus Aleurocanthus Quaintance & Baker is represented by 25 species in India. In the present paper six new species viz., A. bangalorensis, A. flrmianae, A. goaensis, A. satyanarayani, A. terminaliae, and A. vindhyachali are described and illustrated. A key to Indian species of Aleurocanthus is given.

The genus Acanthaleyrodes Takahashi is reported for the first time from India. Acanthaleyrodes elevatus sp. n. is described from Bridelia retusa in Kerala, India, with a key to puparia of Acanthaleydes species. The new species differs in its exceptionally elevated eighth abdominal tergite, circular vasiform orifice and eight pairs of subdorsal setae. The generic characteristics of Acanthaleyrodes are redefined and distinguished from those of Tuberaleyrodes Takahashi. A. styraci Takahashi is re-described in detail with illustrations of puparia and immatures from Hong Kong. A lectotype puparium is designated for A. callicarpae Takahashi. The development of tuberculate setae is discussed, in whitefly puparia and earlier nymphal instars, and considered to be subject to environmental modification.

Today's scientific era has contributed immensely to the design and deployment of interfaces to aid physically handicapped people to combat their disabilities. The alternate interfaces assist individuals in leading a normal life and perform expected activities. Such types of interfaces are the part of Assistive Technology. There are different phases between design and deployment of assistive technology i.e., initial level of design, deep design, model design and modeling. The designer faces a lot of problems in designing the assistive technology due to various disability levels, user adaptability, user acquaintance etc. The deployment team is totally dependent on the designed interfaces and is totally ignorant about the usability of the devices. So through this paper we highlight some of the challenges encountered in the design and deployment of assistive devices and suggest certain principles to control them. Affective design and deployment leads to increased acceptability levels of assistive devices in society.

Conventional interface has made more effective impression in the processes and applications of interfacing technology. It is difficult for people and designers to clarify the term affecting current computing era. The touchable devices used for zooming, scrolling and other functions which have perform on touch screen may rise the symptoms of physical disability for next generation of people. The genes become affected through the maximum application of such devices. We evaluate the three age stages (i.e. child, youth and elderly) of living style of people, using the touchable devices in their daily routine and find out that what the impact have done through prolonged use of these devices. Touch screen may give rise to various physical disabilities for next generation of people. In this paper the hypothesis is measured and we show the raised problem in graphical form and suggested few of the methods to control aforesaid problem.

The population of India is growing at a very fast pace; so this large population requires more products like food, clothes, houses, vehicles etc. to survive on the earth. It means that each and every year the demand of products are increasing with alarming rate but their production rate is decreasing day by day. These factors not only affect our environment where we consume the natural resources like oxygen, water etc. but also reduce their availability. People are facing more and more problems with respect to their survival in this environment of fewer resources. Benzene and CO 2 play a vital role in affecting the life of people and cause various types of diseases such as cancer and others types of respiratory disease. In this article we focus on the rising problems of benzene and CO 2 in India and also point out their effects. We consider this realistic problem and propose its prospective solutions for reducing the problem of pollution with the help of green technology.

The development process of a project requires verifications that may be handled through expert team. It means that a project cannot be completed in absence of the analysis phase. The analysis and measurement have the strongest reason to prove the accuracy of outcome of the project. As ubiquitous computing is the most probable era for current research, most researchers are working in the contextual applications to measure the locations of sensor and their working environment. In this article we analyze the exact location of sensor and find out the optimal area categorization regarding their characteristics. The sequential analysis has been conducted on the cumulative selections of location data and we capture the reason behind the existing problem of their quality. The determination technique to measure the alternatives of Configured Items and Internal Components for better applications of UC Systems have been proposed. We cancel the myth of approximation searching followed by location measurement. We also propose the location measurement algorithm (RAK) and flowchart to compute the sensor data. Finally we conclude our proposal and point out the future perspective in that.

The work is evaluated through the process of measurement. But it is not necessary that the common measurement principles fulfil all the requirements of observation. To complete this task we elaborate scientific method of HCI evaluation, to catch out the accurate observation of results and compute their fundamentals. Scientific method covers the analytical part, quantitative applications and qualitative results using different computing paradigms. In this paper we highlight the computational paradigm and different scientific methods of HCI evaluation. We focus the simplest terms to observe the evaluation process of HCI in a scientific way.

The purpose of this paper is to establish some common fixed point results for two Banach pairs of mappings which satisfy T-Reich and TRhoades contraction conditions in cone metric spaces without the assumption of normality condition of the cone. AMS Subject Classification: 47H10, 54H25

Image processing concepts are widely used in medical fields. Digital images are prone to a variety of types of noise. Noise is the result of errors in the image acquisition process for reconstruction that result in pixel values that reflect the true intensities of the real scenes. A lot of researchers are working on the field analysis and processing of multi-dimensional images. Work previously hasn’t sufficient to stop them, so they continue performance work is due by the researcher. In this paper we contribute a novel research work for analysis and performance improvement about to image resolution. We proposed Concede Reconstruction Algorithm (CRA) Involved Recycling Process to reduce the remained problem in improvement part of an image processing. The CRA algorithms have better response from researcher to use them.

In this paper, we generalize and prove common fixed point theorems of generalized contractive maps in complete cone metric spaces. Our theorems improve and generalize of the results [7].

In this paper, we present the generalization of contractive type mappings in the setting of cone metric spaces.

Due to the dynamic changes of business environments and the advancements of technologies, information technology (IT) projects are facing lots of challenges, and there is requirement of systematic approaches to deal with the risks to ensure the project's success. As, no IT Project can ever be risk free. Here we are proposing a framework of automated risk removal model which identifies, classifies and generates solution patches to solve the problems caused by software risks. This is a phase wise process of risk removal. First, risk sources and risks are identified, after that they are classified, and then solution patches are generated and applied on encountered problem. At the end performance of the project is evaluated after risk removal. This framework of process has auto feedback mechanism. Using this model framework project manager will be able to develop better risk management strategies and more effective risk planning decisions.

The leaf macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations of five mango scion cultivars grown on three polyembryonic rootstock genotypes were studied during 2012–13 and 2013–14. Among the cultivars, Pusa Arunima appeared be the good accumulator for most of the nutrient elements except leaf N. Though, Amrapali seems to be the good accumulator of N and Mg but poorest accumulator of P, K, and Zn. Whereas, Mallika was good accumulator of N and Mg but poorest accumulator of Mn, Zn and Cu. Among rootstocks, Kurakkan was found potential for higher accumulation of leaf N, Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations in scion cultivars. Among different rootstock-scion combinations, leaf nitrogen (1.25%) and K (0.54%) in Pusa Arunima was observed higher on K-5 rootstock, while higher leaf N in Amrapali (1.36%) and Mallika (1.37%) were estimated on Kurakkan rootstock but Pusa Surya tree on Olour had higher leaf N (1.26%). In most of the cultivars, leaf K was higher on K-5 rootstock. Besides, higher leaf Ca in Pusa Arunima, Mallika and Dushehari were observed on K-5 rootstock, while in Amrapali and Pusa Surya, trees on Kurakkan had higher leaf Ca concentration. Similarly, leaf Mg concentration was also found higher on K-5 rootstock in Pusa Arunima, Amrapali, Mallika and Dushehari. The Pusa Arunima and Pusa Surya on Kurakkan proved its ability for leaf Fe and Mn concentrations, whereas, K-5 rootstock found superior over other rootstocks for the highest accumulations of Fe and Mn in Dushehari and Mallika. Both Kurakkan and Olour were equally effective for higher accumulation of Zn in Amrapali. Based on present study, it can also be inferred that metabolism of Kurakkan and/or K-5 is better adapted for N, K, Ca, Mn, Fe and Zn accumulation for most of the mango cultivars tested.

In this paper, we obtain sucient conditions for the existence of a uniquecommon xed point for pair of T-Zamrescu contraction mappings in thesetting of complete cone metric spaces.

In this paper, we generalize and obtain common fixed point of multifunctions in cone metric spaces. Our theorems improve and generalize of the results ([3],[9] and [10]).