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Nature Geoscience 6, 139–145 (2013); published online 23 December 2012; corrected after print 23 December 2013. In our Article presenting a reconstruction of the near-surface temperature record at Byrd Station, a calculation error led to an overestimation of the magnitude and statistical significance of the temperature trends in December–January shown in Fig.

Natural climate variability and limited observational records have made identifying human-influenced climate change at the poles difficult. But a human signature is now emerging in rising Arctic and Antarctic temperatures.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 40, 4066, doi:10.1002/grl.50752, 2013 Correction to “Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008” John A. Church, Neil J. White, Leonard F. Konikow, Catia M. Domingues, J. Graham Cogley, Eric Rignot, Jonathan M. Gregory, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Andrew J. Monaghan, and Isabella Velicogna Received 5 July 2013; accepted 12 July 2013; published 8 August 2013. Citation: Church, J. A., N. J. White, L. F. Konikow, C. M. Domingues, J. Graham Cogley, E. Rignot, J. M. Gregory, M. R. van den Broeke, A. J. Monaghan, and I. Velicogna (2013), Correction to “Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008”, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 4066, doi:10.1002/grl.50752. [ 1 ] In the paper “Revisiting the Earth’s sea-level and energy budgets from 1961 to 2008” by John A. Church et al. (Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L18601, doi:10.1029/ 2011GL048794, 2011), the 0–700 m thermosteric sea level and ocean heat content time series, updated from Domingues et al. [2008], did not reflect global estimates because the contribution from the South Indian Ocean was accidentally omitted. This error does not lead to visible differences in Figure 2a or Table 1 and only contributes to a minimal difference in Figure 3. However, it does affect the shallow ocean (larger by 22%–24%), the total ocean (larger by 13%–14%), the total storage (larger by 12%–13%), and the total forcing minus total storage (reduced by 3%) terms in Table 2. The corrected Table 2 is reproduced below. The overall conclusions are also not affected by the above error. The corrected time series (version 2.0) used herein are available at http://www.cmar.csiro.au/ sealevel/thermal_expansion_ocean_heat_timeseries.html. Reference Domingues, C. M., J. A. Church, N. J. White, P. J. Gleckler, S. E. Wijffels, P. M. Barker, and J. R. Dunn (2008), Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise, Nature, 453(7198), 1090–1093, doi:10.1038/nature07080. Table 2. The Earth’s Heat Budget a Component Shallow ocean (0–700 m) Deep ocean (700–3000 m) Abyssal ocean (3000 m bottom) Total ocean storage Glaciers (Latent only) Antarctica (Latent only) Greenland (Latent only) Sea ice Continents Atmosphere Total other storage Total storage 217.5 b Solar + Ozone + well-mixed GHGs Energy consumption Volcanic Outgoing radiation Total forcing Total forcing A Total storage a The integrated changes in the heat storage and the radiative forcing are in units of 10 J. The total forcing minus the total storage is the amount of energy that must be balanced by the aerosol cooling (or other climate forcing). b Bold numbers indicate sum of other rows, as indicated in first column. ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 0094-8276/13/10.1002/grl.50752

Advanced Study Program/Early Career Scientist Assembly Workshop on Regional Climate Issues in Developing Countries; Boulder, Colorado, 19–22 October 2011 The Early Career Scientist Assembly (ECSA) and the Advanced Study Program of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) invited 35 early-career scientists from nearly 20 countries to attend a 3-day workshop at the NCAR Mesa Laboratory prior to the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Open Science Conference in October 2011. The goal of the workshop was to examine a range of regional climate challenges in developing countries. Topics included regional climate modeling, climate impacts, water resources, and air quality. The workshop fostered new ideas and collaborations between early-career scientists from around the world. The discussions underscored the importance of establishing partnerships with scientists located in typically underrepresented countries to understand and account for the local political, economic, and cultural factors on which climate change is superimposed.

Scientists have observed large increases in melting on the Greenland Ice Sheet in recent decades. But what is happening in Antarctica? Temperature increases during the past 50–100 years have been recorded for the Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica. Melting over Antarctica has been monitored since 1979 using spaceborne passive microwave observations. The sign of the melting trends over Antarctica is variable at regional scales, depending on the period analyzed and on the indices used, with the continent-averaged trend being negligible.

Genome sequencing of Zika virus samples from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Florida shows that the virus was probably introduced into the United States on multiple occasions, and that the Caribbean is the most likely source. Three papers in this issue present a wealth of new Zika virus (ZIKV) genome sequences and further insights into the genetic epidemiology of ZIKV. Nathan Grubaugh et al. provide 39 new ZIKV genome sequences from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Florida. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the virus has been introduced on multiple separate occasions, probably linked to travel from the Caribbean. They find a low probability of long-term persistence of ZIKV transmission chains within Florida, suggesting that the potential for future ZIKV outbreaks there will depend on transmission dynamics in the Americas. Nuno Faria et al. and Hayden Metsky et al. reconstruct the spread of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas. Faria et al. provide 54 new ZIKV genomes, several sequenced in real time in a mobile genomics laboratory. They trace the spatial origins and spread of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas and date the timing of the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil. They find that northeast Brazil had a crucial role in the establishment of the epidemic and the spread of the virus within Brazil and the Americas. Metsky et al. generate 110 ZIKV genomes from clinical and mosquito samples from ten regions. They also see rapid expansion of the epidemic within Brazil and multiple introductions to other geographic areas. In agreement with Faria et al., they find that ZIKV circulated unobserved for many months before transmission was detected. Metsky et al. additionally describe ZIKV evolution and discuss how the accumulation of mutations might affect the performance of diagnostic tests in the future. Zika virus (ZIKV) is causing an unprecedented epidemic linked to severe congenital abnormalities1,2. In July 2016, mosquito-borne ZIKV transmission was reported in the continental United States; since then, hundreds of locally acquired infections have been reported in Florida3,4. To gain insights into the timing, source, and likely route(s) of ZIKV introduction, we tracked the virus from its first detection in Florida by sequencing ZIKV genomes from infected patients and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that at least 4 introductions, but potentially as many as 40, contributed to the outbreak in Florida and that local transmission is likely to have started in the spring of 2016—several months before its initial detection. By analysing surveillance and genetic data, we show that ZIKV moved among transmission zones in Miami. Our analyses show that most introductions were linked to the Caribbean, a finding corroborated by the high incidence rates and traffic volumes from the region into the Miami area. Our study provides an understanding of how ZIKV initiates transmission in new regions.

The temporal and spatial variability of the annual accumulation rate and the mass budgets of five sub-basins of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system (LAS), East Antarctica, at high elevations are assessed using a variety of datasets derived from field measurements and modeling. The annual temporal variations of the accumulation rate for four cores from the west and east sides of the LAS are around ±34%. Decadal fluctuation of the accumulation from the DT001 firn core drops to ±10%, and the 30 year fluctuation to ±5%, which is assumed to contain the information about the regional and long-term trend in accumulation. The 15-point running mean of the annual accumulation rate derived from stake measurements can remove most of the high-frequency spatial variation so as to better represent the local accumulation. Model simulations show that the spatial variability of erosion/ deposition of snow by the wind has a noticeable impact on the surface mass balance at the higher parts of the LAS. Mass-budget estimates at high-elevation sub-basins of the LAS suggest drainage 9 has a negative imbalance of −0.7 ± 0.4 Gta-1, Lambert and Mellor Glaciers have a positive imbalance of 3.9 ± 2.1 and 2.1 ±2.4 Gta-1 respectively, and Fisher Glacier and drainage 11 are approximately in balance. The higher-elevation region as a whole has a positive mass imbalance of 4.4 ± 6.3 Gta-1, which is consistent with the most recent radar altimetry assessment that shows an overall thickening over this region.