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Treatment of 26 women with tubal infertility was attempted using intrauterine capsules loaded with oocytes and spermatozoa. The stimulation protocol was as used for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer and consisted of short-term use of Buserelin, human menopausal gonadotropin, and human chorionic gonadotropin. Oocytes were collected by ultrasonically guided transvaginal aspiration, and spermatozoa were prepared by swim-up technique. The gametes were placed in agar capsules 4 hr after oocyte collection, and the capsules were introduced to the uterine fundus using an insertion tube and piston from an intrauterine device. Six complete capsules and parts of two other capsules were expelled. None of the women became pregnant, compared with a pregnancy rate of 21% per aspiration following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer during the same period.

The nervous system of the actinotroch larva of Phoronis muelleri has been investigated with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Attempts have been made to localize all of the major nerves and to reveal the cytoarchitecture of the apical ganglion. The nervous system is intraepithelial in position and consists of an apical ganglion, located on the epistome, with at least four different cell types, including monopolar sensory cells and mono- or multipolar neuron-like cells. From the anterior part of the apical ganglion three median nerves extend to the edge of the epistome; two of these nerves connect to nerves which follow the edge of the epistome all the way to the junction of the epistome and the mesosome. From the posterior part of the ganglion extend two lateral nerves which continue along the tentacular ring. Each tentacle has three nerves located on the frontal side which connect to the nerve ring along the tentacles. Along the posterior ciliary band is a minor nerve ring. In addition, a nerve net is found on the epistome, mesosome, and metasome, but no longitudinal nerves were observed between the posterior ciliary band and the apical ganglion. All nerve cells were found in the apical ganglion and none was observed along the nerves. Sensory cells (probably mechanoreceptors) are located in two rows on each tentacle; sensory organs such as eyes and statocysts were not observed.

The cyclorhagid kinorhynch Echinoderes aquilonius Higgins & Kristensen, 1988 possesses a single pair of protonephridia located in segments 10 and 11. The protonephridia consist of: (1) three terminal cells T-1, T-2. T-3, each with two cilia; (2) a single non-ciliated canal cell; (3) a nephridiopore cell with many microvilli and a cuticular sieve plate. The protonephridia of Echinoderes are presumed to develop from the ectoderm near the area of the sieve plate on the eleventh segment, and are suspended in the dorso-lateral pseudocoelomic cavity where they are surrounded by a basal lamina. One of the terminal cells (T-1) secondarily penetrates the basal lamina of the tenth segment and a part of the cell attaches to the cuticle. The kinorhynch protonephridia are compared with the excretory organs of other Bilateria. expecially the ‘aschelminths’, and apomorphic characters of the kinorhynch protonephridia are defined.

The actinotroch larva of Phoronis muelleri has a pair of protonephridia located beneath the tentacle ring and draining the blastocoel; each protonephridium is composed of about 25 solenocytes and a nephroduct which opens in a nephropore on the ventral side of the metasome. The neck of the solenocytes consists of bars, mutually interconnected by a fenestration lamina. Inside the neck microvilli originate proximally in the proximal intrachoanal field and extend through the neck into the nephroduct. There is no canal cell. In cross section the nephroduct is composed of 5–7 monociliary cells, with the cilium protruding through a border of microvilli and extending into the nephroduct. The whole protonephridium is surrounded by a basal lamina. Comparisons of the actinotroch protonephridium with those of other groups have not revealed any convincing homologies. The protonephridia of the protostomians are all considered to be of ectodermal origin, while the cyrtopodocytes of Branchiostoma are mesodermal. The protonephridium of the actinotroch is ectodermal.

Skade på n. lingualis er en alvorlig komplikation, der kan forekomme under flere kirurgiske procedurer, herunder operativ fjernelse af mandiblens tredjemolar.Formålet med dette litteraturstudie er at kortlægge de anatomiske variationer i forløbet af n. lingualis samt at afdække intraoperative risikofaktorer for skade på n. lingualis ved fjernelse af mandiblens tredjemolar.En systematisk litteratursøgning identificerede seks kadaverstudier, der kunne bidrage til belysning af variationen i forløbet af n. lingualis, og seks kliniske studier vedrørende risikofaktorer relateret til skade på n. lingualis ved fjernelse af mandiblens tredjemolar.Kadaverstudierne viste, at n. lingualis var i tæt kontakt med medialfladen af mandiblen nær tredjemolar i op til 62 % af tilfældene, og i 14-18 % af tilfældene var n. lingualis placeret kranielt for den lingvale knoglekant, hvilket må formodes at medføre en øget risiko for skade.Klinisk var kirurgisk fjernelse af mandiblens tredjemolar ved anvendelse af den lingvale split-teknik associeret med en signifikant højere risiko for både permanent og temporær nerveskade, mens den faciale teknik med lingval rouginering medførte signifikant flere temporære nerveskader end uden lingval rouginering.Knoglefjernelse distalt for mandiblens tredjemolar var associeret med et signifikant øget antal permanente nerveskader.Endelig viste undersøgelserne, at de faktorer, som afspejler operationens sværhedsgrad, er de vigtigste prædiktorer for skade på n. lingualis.