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BackgroundThe incidence of mental disorders is steadily increasing. However， antipsychotic medications， commonly used in treatment， can lead to drug-induced amenorrhea in female patients. This side effect significantly reduces medication adherence and increases the risk of disease recurrence. Therefore， addressing drug-induced amenorrhea in female patients has become an urgent problem requiring effective solutions.ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine compound in treating antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea， so as to provide guidance for the treatment of this condition using traditional Chinese medicine compound.MethodsOn September 4， 2022， a computerized search was conducted on across multiple databases， including China National Knowledge Infrastructure， VIP Database， Wanfang Database， China Biomedical Literature Database， PubMed， Cochrane Library and Embase， and randomized controlled trials （RCT） of traditional Chinese medicine compound in treating antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea were collected. The quality of the included literature was assessed using Cochrane 5.3 bias risk assessment tool. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the total effective rate， cure rate， incidence of adverse reactions and recurrence rate using RevMan 5.3.ResultsUltimately， 22 RCT involving 1 879 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that the total effective rate （RR=1.29， 95% CI： 1.16~1.44） and cure rate （RR=1.62， 95% CI： 1.45~1.80） of traditional Chinese medicine compound or its combination with western medicine in treating antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea were significantly higher compared to western medicine alone. Moreover， the incidence of adverse reactions （RR=0.56， 95% CI： 0.41~0.76） and recurrence rate （RR=0.16， 95% CI： 0.06~0.42） were significantly lower than those of western medicine alone.ConclusionTraditional Chinese medicine compound may offer benefits in ameliorating antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea and its safety is better than simple western medicine treatment.

Abstract This study employed a commercial software velocity to perform deformable registration and dose calculation on deformed CT images, aiming to assess the accuracy of dose delivery during the radiotherapy for lung cancers. A total of 20 patients with lung cancer were enrolled in this study. Adaptive CT (ACT) was generated by deformed the planning CT (pCT) to the CBCT of initial radiotherapy fraction, followed by contour propagation and dose recalculation. There was not significant difference between volumes of GTV and CTV calculated from the ACT and pCT. However, significant differences in dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and coverage ratio (CR) between GTV and CTV were observed, with lower values for GTV volumes below 15 cc. The mean differences in dose corresponding to 95% of the GTV, GTV-P, CTV, and CTV-P between ACT and pCT were − 0.32%, 4.52%, 2.17%, and 4.71%, respectively. For the dose corresponding to 99%, the discrepancies were − 0.18%, 8.35%, 1.92%, and 24.96%, respectively. These differences in dose primarily appeared at the edges of the target areas. Notably, a significant enhancement of dose corresponding to 1 cc for spinal cord was observed in ACT, compared with pCT. There was no statistical difference in the mean dose of lungs and heart. In general, for lung cancer patients, anatomical motion may result in both CTV and GTV moving outside the original irradiation region. The dose difference within the original target area was small, but the difference in the planning target area was considerable.

The rising demand for increased integration and higher power outputs poses a hidden risk to the long-term reliable operation of third-generation semiconductors. Thus, the power cycling test (PCT) is widely regarded as the utmost critical test for assessing the packaging reliability of power devices. In this work, low-thermal-resistance packaging design structures of SiC devices are introduced, encompassing planar packaging with dual heat dissipation, press-pack packaging, three-dimensional (3D) packaging, and hybrid packaging. PCT methods and their control strategies are summarized and discussed. Direct-current PCT is the focus of this review. The failure mechanisms of SiC devices under PCT are pointed out. The electrical and temperature-sensitive parameters adopted to monitor the aging of SiC devices are organized. The existing international standards for PCT are evaluated. Due to the lack of authoritative statements for SiC devices, it is difficult to achieve comparison research results without consistent preconditions. Furthermore, the lifetimes of the various packaging designs of the tested SiC devices under PCTs are statistically analyzed. Additionally, problems related to parameter monitoring and test equipment are also summarized. This review explores the broader landscape by delving into the current challenges and main trends in PCTs for SiC devices.

Abstract T lymphocyte activation plays a pivotal role in adaptive immune response and alters the spatial organization of nuclear architecture that subsequently impacts transcription activities. Here, using stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM), we observe dramatic de-condensation of chromatin and the disruption of nuclear envelope at a nanoscale resolution upon T lymphocyte activation. Super-resolution imaging reveals that such alterations in nuclear architecture are accompanied by the release of nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm, correlating with the degree of chromatin decompaction within the nucleus. The authors show that under the influence of metabolism, T lymphocyte activation de-condenses chromatin, disrupts the nuclear envelope, and releases DNA into the cytoplasm. Taken together, this result provides a direct, molecular-scale insight into the alteration in nuclear architecture. It suggests the release of nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm as a general consequence of chromatin decompaction after lymphocyte activation.

Abstract Introduction The prognostic value of multifocality in paediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients remains a subject of debate. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of multifocality in children and adolescents with PTC. Methods This study retrospectively analysed the clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative follow-up data of 338 PTC patients aged ≤ 20 years from May 2012 to July 2022. The clinical and pathological characteristics of 205 patients with unifocal lesions and 133 patients with multifocal lesions were compared. A logistic regression model evaluated the relationship between multifocal lesions and disease recurrence/persistence in children and adolescents with PTC. Based on the median follow-up time of children with multifocal PTC, 114 patients with multifocal PTC older than 20 years were added, and the clinicopathological characteristics were compared between the 133. paediatric/adolescent patients and 114 adult patients with multifocal PTC. Results Among the paediatric and adolescent patients, over a median follow-up time of 49 months, 133 had multifocal disease and 205 had unifocal disease. Multifocal PTC patients exhibited stronger invasiveness in the form of extrathyroidal extension, tumour diameter, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Multifocality (OR 2.68; p = 0.017), lateral lymph node metastasis (OR 2.85; p = 0.036), and distant metastasis (OR 4.28; p = 0.010) were identified as independent predictive factors for the recurrence/persistence of disease. Comparing the paediatric/adolescent vs. adult multifocal patients, the former demonstrated greater tumour invasiveness. Lateral lymph node metastasis (OR 6.36; P = 0.012) and distant metastasis (OR 3.70; P = 0.027) were independent predictive factors for recurrence/persistence of disease in multifocal patients, while age was not (OR 0.95; P = 0.455). Conclusion Tumour multifocality independently predicts persistent/recurrent disease in paediatric and adolescent PTC patients.

Magnetic powder is regarded as an effective and economical tracer for estimating soil erosion. However, the principle and application for using magnetic powder to estimate soil erosion are still not fully developed. In this study, magnetic powders with mean diameters of both 30 and 1 μm were mixed into three soils at different mass proportion. The relationship between magnetic susceptibility and the mass proportion of the introduced magnetic powder in the tagged soil, and the binding ability of magnetic powder to soil particles after both dry and wet sieving were investigated. The accuracy of tracking soil loss by using magnetic powder as a tracer was assessed. The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between the magnetic susceptibility and the mass proportion of the introduced magnetic powder in the tagged soil. The relationship between the amount of soil captured by a magnet and the mass proportion of magnetic powder in the tagged soil indicated that soils were readily magnetized by magnetic powder, especially fine fractions. The magnetic susceptibility of magnetic powder in different sizes of soil aggregates was variable. A majority of magnetic powder of both 30 and 1 μm diameters was strongly bound with fine particles

Summary: The oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata, generally migrates from eastern to northeastern China in early summer, and some individuals are believed to migrate overseas to Japan depending on meteorological conditions. This potential migration was investigated with the immigrants’ strontium radiogenic isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr and backward flight trajectories from Japanese trapping sites. The results showed that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Chinese reared M. separata were significantly higher than those of reared insects of Japanese immigration areas. As some individuals trapped in western Japan had 87Sr/86Sr ratios higher than a statistical discriminating ratio, they likely originated in China. Trajectory analysis also indicated those individuals might have originated from the East Asian continent, such as the first-generation outbreak region in China and their migration waypoint regions. Our analysis, thus, suggests direct or multistep overseas migration of individual M. separata from the East Asian continent to Japan, giving insight into migration pathways and population dynamics.

Background: Lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS) is a rare acquired bleeding disorder characterized by the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and acquired hypoprothrombinemia. Objectives: To summarize the experience of diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of lupus anticoagulant-hypoprothrombinemia syndrome (LAHPS). Methods: A retrospective study of 70 children diagnosed with LAHPS from January 2019 to February 2024 at a single center was conducted. Results: A total of 70 subjects (32 boys and 38 girls), with a mean age of 5.58 years, were included in the study. Among these subjects, 15 had autoimmune diseases (AIDs), 51 had infections, and 4 had unknown causes. Fifty-six of 70 (80%) subjects experienced bleeding with the median bleeding score of 4, 1 of 70 (1.4%) presented with thrombosis, and 13 of 70 (18.6%) were asymptomatic. All patients exhibited prolonged prothrombin time, significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased factor (F)II activity (FII:C), and positive lupus anticoagulant. There was a weak negative correlation between the severity of bleeding and FII:C level (rs = −0.4283; P < .001). Patients with infection-associated LAHPS were younger than those with AIDs-associated LAHPS (P < .0001). In the study, LAHPS subjects are treated with corticosteroids as the first-line therapy, or in combination with immunosuppressants. Coagulation factor replacement therapy can effectively prevent and control bleeding events. After follow-up, lupus anticoagulant of all patients had turned negative within 12 weeks. And, prothrombin time and FII:C were completely normalized of all patients without recurrence of bleeding and without thrombosis. Conclusion: Children develop LAHPS most commonly after AIDs and infection. Most patients presented with mild to moderate bleeding. The severity of bleeding symptoms was not exactly parallel to the decreased FII:C level.

The development of high-energy-density Li-ion batteries is hindered by the irreversible capacity loss during the initial charge-discharge process. Therefore, pre-lithiation technology has emerged in the past few decades as a powerful method to supplement the undesired lithium loss, thereby maximizing the energy utilization of LIBs and extending their cycle life. Lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4), with a high lithium content and excellent air stability, has been considered one of the most promising materials for lithium compensation. However, the sluggish electrochemical decomposition kinetics of the material severely hinders its further commercial application. Here, we introduce a recrystallization strategy combined with atomic Ni catalysts to modulate the mass transport and decomposition reaction kinetics. The decomposition potential of Li2C2O4 is significantly decreased from ∼4.90V to ∼4.30V with a high compatibility with the current battery systems. In compared to the bare NCM//Li cell, the Ni/N-rGO and Li2C2O4 composite (Ni-LCO) modified cell releases an extra capacity of ∼11.7 ​%. Moreover, this ratio can be magnified in the NCM//SiOx full cell, resulting in a 30.4 ​% higher reversible capacity. Overall, this work brings the catalytic paradigm into the pre-lithiation technology, which opens another window for the development of high-energy-density battery systems.

The Rongcheng High, located on the center of the Jizhong Depression, North China, presents favorable geothermal and geological characteristics, thereby rendering the fine subsurface structure crucial for accurately assessing seismic hazards and the potential for geothermal resources. In 2019, a recently acquired three-dimensional (3D) seismic dataset and processing methodologies were introduced to generate a high-resolution seismic reflection volume, centered on the Rongcheng High. The 3D reflection data revealed numerous prominent reflectors and associated fault structures, enabling a detailed study of the subsurface structure and providing an insight into the structural evolution of the Cenozoic Rongcheng High. A dissection of the fault system in the Rongcheng High unveiled a complex geometry characterized by both shallow and deep faults, indicating an initial phase of extension, followed by subsequent dextral strike-slip displacement. The Rongcheng Fault delineates the boundary between the Rongcheng High and Xushui Sag, influencing the fault sag and facilitating the development of a larger accommodation space. The depositional center shifted from west to east. The faults in the Cenozoic exhibited varying patterns of activity, beginning frequently in early Paleogene, followed by a decline, ultimately culminating in Neogene. The study area experienced two uplift events at the end of Ek2 (Kongdian-2 Formation) and Ed (Dongying Formation), resulting in the complete denudation of the Sha-2 and Dongying formations. A structural pattern characterized by alternating high and sag areas in the study area was established at the end of the depositional period of the Dongying Formation.

The Yellow River basin is an important ecological security barrier and ecologically vulnerable region in China. Landscape ecological risk assessment and influencing factor analysis based on land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) and boosted regression tree (BRT) models are of great significance to the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological environment and social economy. Based on LUCC and driving factor data from 1980 to 2020, the ecological risk index (ERI) model was constructed to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological risk in the past 40 years. Especially, a new method of influencing factor analysis based on the BRT model is proposed. The final index size of the influencing factors was further quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of landscape ecological risk in the Yellow River basin was “highest in the north and lowest in the south, highest in the west and lowest in the east.” During the periods, the overall ecological risk and high risk increased first and then decreased. Elevation (24.8%) was the most important factor affecting landscape ecological risk, followed by precipitation (17.8%), GDP (15.2%), and temperature (14.6%). It showed that the particularity of the geographical location of the Yellow River basin eventually led to the stronger influence of natural factors on the change in landscape ecological risk under the interference of human activities. This study will provide a new perspective for quantitative assessment of the final contribution rate of landscape ecological risk factors.

AimsThe primary objective of this investigation is to establish an animal model that accurately represents skeletal muscle injury as a consequence of decompression sickness. Additionally, this study aims to delineate the potential mechanisms underlying the development and progression of skeletal muscle damage associated with decompression sickness.Materials and methods(1) In this research, rats were utilized as experimental models and subjected to 600 kPa pressure in an air medium for a duration of 60 min, followed by decompression at a consistent rate of 1.5 min to reach atmospheric pressure in order to establish an animal model for decompression injury. Assessment of decompression injury involved the observation of general symptoms and signs, as well as histopathological examination of lung tissue to determine the extent of damage in the pulmonary system of rats. (2) Building on the rat decompression injury model, we conducted pathological and serological examinations to assess the status of rat skeletal muscle. Additionally, we investigated the signaling mechanism of the TLR9-MyD88 pathway in mediating alterations in rat skeletal muscle resulting from decompression injury, and evaluated the effects of decompression injury on apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle.ResultsRepeated decompression induces significant damage to skeletal muscle tissue, characterized by edema, fiber rupture, and atrophy. This process also leads to a transient elevation in creatine kinase (CK-MM) levels in rat serum, as well as an upregulation of proteins such as TLR9, MyD88, p38, and ERK in rat skeletal muscle tissue. Furthermore, repeated decompression results in a temporary increase in the transcription levels of Atrogen-1mRNA and MuRF-1mRNA in rat skeletal muscle tissue.DiscussionThe decompression protocol applied in this study successfully induced decompression sickness in a rat model, leading to skeletal muscle damage that was consistent with the expected pathology of decompression injury. Despite the initial injury, the rats showed evidence of adaptation following prolonged exposure to decompression conditions.

Background Personalized medicine has gained more attention for cancer precision treatment due to patient genetic heterogeneity in recent years. However, predicting the efficacy of antitumor drugs in advance remains a significant challenge to achieve this task. Objective This study aims to predict the efficacy of antitumor drugs in individual cancer patients based on clinical data. Methods This paper proposes to predict personalized antitumor drug efficacy based on clinical data. Specifically, we encode the clinical text of cancer patients as a probability distribution vector in hidden topics space using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, named LDA representation. Then, a neural network is designed, and the LDA representation is input into the neural network to predict drug response in cancer patients treated with platinum drugs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we gathered and organized clinical records of lung and bowel cancer patients who underwent platinum-based treatment. The prediction performance is assessed using the following metrics: Precision, Recall, F1-score, Accuracy, and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC). Results The study analyzed a dataset of 958 patients with non-small cell cancer treated with antitumor drugs. The proposed method achieved a stratified 5-fold cross-validation average Precision of 0.81, Recall of 0.89, F1-score of 0.85, Accuracy of 0.77, and AUC of 0.81 for cisplatin efficacy prediction on the data, which most are better than those of previous methods. Of these, the AUC value is at least 4% higher than those of the previous. At the same time, the superior result over the previous method persisted on an independent dataset of 266 bowel cancer patients, showing the generalizability of the proposed method. These results demonstrate the potential value of precise tumor treatment in clinical practice. Conclusions Combining LDA and neural networks can help predict the efficacy of antitumor drugs based on clinical text. Our approach outperforms previous methods in predicting drug clinical efficacy.

The coral reef ecosystem is one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean, and is also an important calcium carbonate deposition region. Because excess production is very low in coral reefs, organic carbon reservoirs are very limited. During the calcification process, each mole of CaCO3 will produce 1 mol of CO2, approximately 60% of which will be released into the atmosphere through the sea-air interface. This causes coral reefs to be large inorganic carbon reservoirs, but at the same time, most coral reefs act as atmospheric CO2 sources (which also act as sinks in some coral reefs). Therefore, clarifying the sea-air CO2 exchange flux and carbon storage is critical for understanding the carbon cycle in coral reef ecosystems. In this paper, we summarize the carbon cycle processes in the coral reefs of the South China Sea (SCS) and estimate the total CO2 budget and carbon reserves. According to current research, the coral reefs in this area act as a source of atmospheric CO2, releasing 0.37−1.59 × 1011 g C a-1 into the atmosphere. Owing to their extremely high biological productivity and carbonate productivity, the carbon reserves of coral reefs in the SCS range from 1.66–3.78 × 1012 g C a-1, which is an order of magnitude greater than the CO2 emissions at the sea–air interface. Overall, coral reefs in the SCS are important carbon storage areas. As the current results are still approximate, a more comprehensive and in-depth investigation is needed to clarify the carbon source/sink processes, regulatory mechanisms, and carbon storage capacity of SCS coral reefs.

The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. The value of each service provided by the ecosystem is substantially affected by human activities, and conversely, its changes will also affect the relevant human decisions. Due to varying trade-offs among ecosystem services and synergies between them that can either increase or decrease, it is difficult to optimize multiple ecosystem services simultaneously, making it a huge challenge for ecosystem management. This study firstly develops a global Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting framework. It uses remote sensing data with a spatial resolution of 1 km to estimate the ecosystem services of forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, and farmlands in 179 major countries in 2018. The results show that the range of global GEP values is USD 112–197 trillion, with an average value of USD 155 trillion (the constant price), and the ratio of GEP to gross domestic product (GDP) is 1.85. The trade-offs and the synergies among different ecosystem services in each continent and income group have been further explored. We found a correspondence between the income levels and the synergy among ecosystem services within each nation. Among specific ecosystem services, there are strong synergies between oxygen release, climate regulation, and carbon sequestration services. A trade-off relationship has been observed between flood regulation and other services, such as water conservation and soil retention services in low-income countries. The results will help clarify the roles and the feedback mechanisms between different stakeholders and provide a scientific basis for optimizing ecosystem management and implementing ecological compensation schemes to enhance human well-being.