101. Thermally-assisted magma emplacement explains restless calderas
- Author
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Luca Crescentini, Antonella Amoruso, Massimo D'Antonio, Valerio Acocella, Amoruso, Antonella, Crescentini, Luca, D'Antonio, Massimo, Acocella, Valerio, Amoruso, A., Crescentini, L., D’Antonio, M., and Acocella, V.
- Subjects
geography ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Science ,Crust ,Unrest ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Volcanic rock ,Restless calderas, unrest, thermal modeling, ground deformation, Campi Flegrei caldera ,Magma ,Medicine ,Caldera ,Petrology ,caldera unrest magma eruption ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Many calderas show repeated unrest over centuries. Though probably induced by magma, this unique behaviour is not understood and its dynamics remains elusive. To better understand these restless calderas, we interpret deformation data and build thermal models of Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. Campi Flegrei experienced at least 4 major unrest episodes in the last decades. Our results indicate that the inflation and deflation of magmatic sources at the same location explain most deformation, at least since the build-up of the last 1538 AD eruption. However, such a repeated magma emplacement requires a persistently hot crust. Our thermal models show that this repeated emplacement was assisted by the thermal anomaly created by magma that was intruded at shallow depth ~3 ka before the last eruption. This may explain the persistence of the magmatic sources promoting the restless behaviour of the Campi Flegrei caldera; moreover, it explains the crystallization, re-melting and mixing among compositionally distinct magmas recorded in young volcanic rocks. Our model of thermally-assisted unrest may have a wider applicability, possibly explaining also the dynamics of other restless calderas.
- Published
- 2017