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The purpose of the present study was to adapt COVID-19 Induced Anxiety Scale (CIAS) and Protective Behaviors towards COVID-19 Scale (PBCS) into Turkish language, and to investigate their psychometric properties. 593 adults participated in the study. Data were collected through CIAS and PBCS as well as The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS). Cronbach alpha ([alpha]) and McDonald's Omega ([omega]) coefficients were utilized for reliability of the Turkish forms of the scales, and validity of the scales was tested with exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and criterion validity. The analysis showed that [alpha] and [omega] reliability coefficients of both scales were over 0.70. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that CIAS had a single factor structure while PBCS had three dimensions as indicated in original forms of the scales. Significant and positive relationships were also found between the scores obtained from CIAS and PBCS and fear scores. To conclude, Turkish forms of CIAS and PBCS were proved to be valid and reliable tools to measure severity of COVID-19 induced anxiety through CIAS and individuals' protective behaviors towards COVID-19 through PBCS.

When COVID-19 pandemic started, schools in Turkey, as in many parts of the world, were closed and then emergency remote teaching started. The purpose of this study is to explain the roles and responsibilities of school administrators related to emergency remote teaching after schools were closed. In order to reveal the purpose above, this research was carried out in qualitative research design. 105 school administrators from different regions of Turkey and different school levels participated in the study. The data were collected through a Google Drive form with open-ended questions. The collected data were analyzed with content and descriptive analyses. The findings showed that the roles and responsibilities of the school administrators regarding emergency remote teaching included planning the process, starting online classes, opening different social media accounts, managing the online program, solving the adaptation problems of students and teachers, monitoring the actions taken and motivating teachers, students, parents' communication and finally it has been seen that they are in the act of transition to and maintaining digital management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, school administrators have mostly done "communication". There were also changes in the communication styles of school administrators and social media tools were used effectively. The intensive use of technology in this period has caused changes in management processes and managers have mostly talked about digital management and the exhausting aspects of digital management are expressed as well as the facilitating ones. Since emergency remote teaching is not a common case in the K-12 Turkish education system, we hope the results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities of school administrators during such emergency periods.

Aim: According to delivery room guidelines, an optimal position is not specified for the stabilization of the baby. This study aimed to define the positions effects on postnatal adaptation parameters and cerebral oxygenation in non-resuscitated neonates. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 neonates delivered by cesarean section stabilized randomly in the supine, right-side, left-side, or prone positions were enrolled. Apgar scores, heart rates (HR), arterial oxygen saturations via pulse oximetry, and perfusion indexes (PI) at the 2nd, 5th and 10th minutes were recorded. Cerebral regional oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the patients was monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: In the prone position, the 1st minute Apgar score was significantly lower than other groups, but no difference was observed at the 5th minute Apgar scores (1st min Apgarprone, p=0.05). Although there was no statistically significant difference, the prone position had the lowest HR at the 2nd minute, while the supine posture had the greatest HR at the 5th and 10th minutes. While the groups’ SpO2 values were similar, the left-side group’s perfusion rates increased at the 5th and 10th minute marks (5th and 10th min PIleft-side, p=0.67, p=0.21, respectively). Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) and cerebral fractional oxygen extraction did not differ significantly between groups at the 5th and 10th minute time intervals. Although right and left rScO2 were found to be higher in the first 5 minutes in the prone position, this elevation did not lead to a statistically significant difference, and right and left rScO2 values were found to be similar in all groups at the 10th minute. Conclusion: Adaptation parameters were not affected by position, except for lower 1st minute Apgar scores in the prone group and higher perfusion indices in the left lateral position. Cerebral perfusion was similar in all groups. The left-side position, which results in a higher PI, may be a good alternative. Studies with larger case series may provide further information.

Abstract Fuzzy sets (FSs) are a flexible and powerful tool for reasoning about uncertain situations that cannot be adequately expressed by classical sets. However, these sets fall short in two areas. The first is the reliability of this tool. Z-numbers are an extension of fuzzy numbers that improve the representation of uncertainty by combining two important components: restriction and reliability. The second is the problems that need to be solved simultaneously. Complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) overcome this problem by adding a second dimension to fuzzy numbers and simultaneously adding connected elements to the solution. However, they are insufficient when it comes to problems involving these two areas. We cannot express real-life problems that need to be solved at the same time and require the reliability of the information given with any set approach given in the literature. Therefore, in this study, we propose the complex fuzzy Z-number set (CFZNS), a generalization of Z-numbers and CFS, which fills this gap. We provide the operational laws of CFZNS along with some properties. Additionally, we define two essential aggregation operators called complex fuzzy Z-number weighted averaging (CFZNWA) and complex fuzzy Z-number weighted geometric (CFZNWG) operators. Then, we present an illustrative example to demonstrate the proficiency and superiority of the proposed approach. Thus, we process multiple fuzzy expressions simultaneously and take into account the reliability of these fuzzy expressions in applications. Furthermore, we compare the results with the existing set operations to confirm the advantages and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Considering the simultaneous expression of fuzzy statements, this study can serve as a foundation for new aggregation operators and decision-making problems and can be extended to many new applications such as pattern recognition and clustering.

Objective: We aimed to analyze the knowledge level of surgical residents regarding preoperative assessment and increase their collaboration with other teams in optimizing the general medical status of patients to reduce the duration of hospital stay and complication rates. Method: Our study included 80 surgical residents. The 2018 update of the European Society of Anesthesiology (ESA) was used during the preparation of the survey questions. The questions were categorized on the basis of the specific clinical conditions and medications noted in the ESA guidelines. Answer choices were “correct”, “wrong” or “no idea.” Results: Analysis of the distribution of the mean correct answer rates (%) revealed that the question regarding “herbal medications” led to the lowest correct answer (13.75%), whereas the category “bridging and anticoagulation” was associated with the highest (72.5%) correct answer. The total mean correct answer was calculated as 50.8%. There was no significant correlation between the residents’ seniority level (i.e., postgraduate year) and their correct answer rates in the neurosurgery, general surgery, ear-nose-throat, and plastic surgery divisions. However, there were statistically significant differences in the ophthalmology, urology, orthopedic surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology divisions. Conclusion: The general medical status of patients should be optimized to reduce the risk of complications. To achieve this goal, surgical residents should collaborate with other teams at each perioperative stage. In addition, we suggest that the curriculum be reviewed to increase the knowledge level of surgical residents regarding preoperative care.

Abstract In this work, we demonstrate that a simple argentometric titration is a scalable, fast, green and robust approach for producing AgCl/antibiotic hybrid antimicrobial materials. We titrated AgNO3 into tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) aqueous solution, thus forming AgCl/TCH in a one-step procedure. Furthermore, we investigated the one-pot synthesis of triply synergistic super-nanoantimicrobials, combining an inorganic source of Ag+ ions (AgCl), a disinfecting agent (benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl-ammonium chloride, BAC) and a molecular antibiotic (tetracycline hydrochloride, TCH). Conventional antimicrobial tests, industrial biofilm detection protocols, and in situ IR-ATR microbial biofilm monitoring, have been adapted to understand the performance of the synthesized super-nanoantimicrobial. The resulting hybrid AgCl/BAC/TCH nanoantimicrobials are found to be synergistically active in eradicating Salmonella enterica and Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri bacteria and biofilms. This study paves the way for the development of a new class of super-efficient nanoantimicrobials that combine relatively low amounts of multiple active species into a single (nano)formulation, thus preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance towards a single active principle.

BACKGROUND: Different organs respond differently to cisplatin (CDDP)-induced toxicity. Oleuropein (OLE) is a natural phenolic antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential protective effect of OLE against CDDP-induced ototoxicity by evaluating expression of genes associated with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and repair in cochlear cells. METHODS: House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells were treated using CDDP, OLE, and OLE–CDDP. The water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay was used for monitoring cell viability. Deoxyribonucleic acid damage in cells due to the CDDP, OLE, and combination treatments was determined using a flow-cytometric kit. The change in the expression of 84 genes associated with CCDP, OLE, and OLE–CDDP treatments that induced DNA damage was tested using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array. Changes ≥3-fold were considered significant. RESULTS: House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 cell viability was significantly reduced by CDDP. The OLE–CDDP combination restored the cell viability. Cisplatin increased the H2AX ratio, while OLE–CDDP combination decreased it. Some of the DNA damage-associated genes whose expression was upregulated with CDDP were downregulated with OLE–CDDP, while the expression of genes such as Gadd45g and Rev1 was further downregulated. The expression of DNA repair-related Abl1, Dbd2, Rad52, and Trp53 genes was downregulated with CDDP, whereas their expression was upregulated with OLE–CDDP treatment. CONCLUSION: In cochlear cells, the OLE–CDDP combination downregulated DNA damage-associated gene expression relative to that upregulated mainly by CDDP. The results revealed that OLE has a potential protective effect on CDDP-induced ototoxicity in cochlear cells by altering the expression of DNA damage-related genes.

Mechanical properties (tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity in tensile (MET), flexural strength (FS), modulus of elasticity (MOE)) of the material to be obtained depending on the production parameters in the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) wood-polymer composites with Scots pine wood flour additive were predicted using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) model and without destructive testing. In the first stage of the study, an ANN model was developed using data from 56 different studies in the literature on the mechanical properties of wood polymer composites. In the second stage, in order to determine the reliability of the model, output values were estimated using input parameters that had not been used in training and testing of the model. Based on the same input parameters, test specimens were produced and mechanical tests were performed. The results obtained from the experiments and ANN model were compared by considering the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) value. The coefficient of determination (R2) values obtained in the training and testing phase of the ANN models were all higher than 0.90. In this way, the mechanical properties of the wood polymer composite were successfully predicted by the ANN model. Because most of the MAPE values obtained from the mechanical tests were below 10%, the model was considered a reliable model.

Introduction: Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and factors that may be associated with obesity in preschool children. Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. All children between the ages of 4 and 6 years attending relevant educational institutions were included in the study. The height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference of 822 children were measured and 556 of the questionnaires were completed and included in the study. Our questionnaire included questions on socio-demographic characteristics and the Quality Index of the Mediterranean Diet in Children(KIDMED scale). The data were analyzed in the SPSS package, and logistic regression models were created with the variables found to be significant after univariate analysis. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the participants, 68(12.3%) were overweight and 28(5%) were obese. When analyzing the overweight/obesity status, it was observed that the frequency of being overweight/obese was higher in males(p=0.05), children whose mothers were obese(p

Purpose: This paper investigates the determinants of labor productivity of Turkish manufacturing sectors by taking into account both the global value chain (GVC) participation and the research and development (R&D) expenditure for the period of 1995-2018. Methodology: To analyze the determinants of labor productivity in Turkish manufacturing sectors, we specify the labor productivity model and estimate this empirical model by the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) methods. Findings: Our estimation results indicate that while simple forward GVC participation enhances the labor productivity of Turkish high-tech manufacturing sectors if they trade with developing countries, complex forward GVC participation increases productivity regardless of trading partners. For low-tech sectors, there is no significant impact of GVCs or R&D on productivity. There is no significant impact of backward GVC participation and sectoral R&D intensity on labor productivity. These significant results provide strong evidence for the importance of deeper involvement of high-tech sectors in GVCs for higher sectoral productivity. Given the strong heterogeneity in terms of sectors and trading partners, specific policies should be targeted to benefit from the productivity gains of the global value chains. Originality: This study contributes to the current studies by focusing on disaggregated measures of GVC participation indices and enlarges the empirical analysis by considering the heterogeneity in trading partners (developed and developing trading partners).

Abstract Background Acute hypoxic proximal tubule (PT) injury and subsequent maladaptive repair present high mortality and increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) - chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hBMMSC-Exos) as potential cell therapeutics can be translated into clinics if drawbacks on safety and efficacy are clarified. Here, we determined the real-time effective dose and treatment window of allogeneic hBMMSC-Exos, evaluated their performance on the structural and functional integrity of 3D microfluidic acute hypoxic PT injury platform. Methods hBMMSC-Exos were isolated and characterized. Real-time impedance-based cell proliferation analysis (RTCA) determined the effective dose and treatment window for acute hypoxic PT injury. A 2-lane 3D gravity-driven microfluidic platform was set to mimic PT in vitro. ZO-1, acetylated α-tubulin immunolabelling, and permeability index assessed structural; cell proliferation by WST-1 measured functional integrity of PT. Results hBMMSC-Exos induced PT proliferation with ED50 of 172,582 µg/ml at the 26th hour. Hypoxia significantly decreased ZO-1, increased permeability index, and decreased cell proliferation rate on 24–48 h in the microfluidic platform. hBMMSC-Exos reinforced polarity by a 1.72-fold increase in ZO-1, restored permeability by 20/45-fold against 20/155 kDa dextran and increased epithelial proliferation 3-fold compared to control. Conclusions The real-time potency assay and 3D gravity-driven microfluidic acute hypoxic PT injury platform precisely demonstrated the therapeutic performance window of allogeneic hBMMSC-Exos on ischemic AKI based on structural and functional cellular data. The novel standardized, non-invasive two-step system validates the cell-based personalized theragnostic tool in a real-time physiological microenvironment prior to safe and efficient clinical usage in nephrology.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bipolar bozukluk hastalarının başa çıkma stratejileri ile işlevsellik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı bir çalışmadır. Çalışma, Mart 2017-Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'ndeki bir hastanenin psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran bipolar bozukluk tanılı hastalar ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada FAST puanı ortalaması ile “duygulara odaklanma ve dışa vurma”, “madde kullanımı”, “kabullenme”, “yarışmacı etkinlikleri bastırma”, “dine yönelme”, “inkar”, “ davranışsal ilgiyi kesme, olumlu yeniden yorumlama, duygusal sosyal desteği kullanma ve planlama arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Hastaların kullandıkları başa çıkma stratejilerinin işlevsellik düzeylerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Empowering teachers as instructional designers strengthen the link between theory and good practice. The purpose of the research is to explore two teachers' experiences about a professional development (PD) program. The PD includes a one academic year program with the aim of developing teachers' instructional design knowledge and skills using Understanding by Design model as reference. Teachers' instructional designs improved in terms of UbD design principles, and they reported change in their attitudes and teaching practices after the fourth cycle. Continuous discipline-specific feedback and trust bond based on prolonged communication underlined as major elements of PD that facilitated teacher change.

In this study it has been aimed to evaluate the asynchronous distance education practices applied during the Covid-19 isolation period in an education faculty. Research sample was constituted of 1444 undergraduate students studying at an education faculty in a state university. Data have been collected with "Questionnaire for evaluation of distance learning applications". The obtained data were subjected to descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. As a result of research, it was determined that undergraduate students were partially satisfied with asynchronous distance education and that there was a positive correlation with the satisfaction of having computer and internet. In the research it was seen that students considered it to be insufficient for distance learning to enable motivation and permanent learning. Besides, it was determined that students preferred face-to-face learning to distance learning and that after the isolation period they expected to proceed with face-to-face learning. Based on the results of the research, it was suggested that distance education should be carried out by blending synchronous and asynchronous application, increasing interaction and paying attention to the workload.

This research was conducted to determine whether there is any effect of the Montessori approach-based STEM activities on the development of the problem-solving skills of pre-service preschool teachers or not. The mixed-method was employed in the research. The sample of the research consisted of 50 teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education Preschool Teaching Department in the 2017-2018 academic year. A single grouped pretest-posttest pattern was created to determine the difference in the problem-solving skills of the pre-service teachers in the research. The quantitative data gathered during the process of the research were analysed with the statistical methods; the qualitative data were analysed with the content analysis. In the study, quantitative data were collected using the "Problem Solving Scale", and qualitative data were collected using the "Semi-Structured Interview Form". The interview form is quantitative and consists of 10 open-ended questions in total. This form was applied only to 15 volunteers at the end of the study. For 14 weeks, candidates were given Montessori approach-based STEM training. In the findings obtained as a result of the research; it was observed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of problem-solving skills and the qualitative analysis results also supported the quantitative results. With these findings, it was concluded that the activities developed the problem-solving skills of individuals and produced solutions to the problem from different perspectives.

A consistent increase in the installation of distributed generation (DG) in response to rising energy cost and demand throughout the world, especially for the last two decades, primarily aims to obviate upgrading investments for transmission and distribution lines on the existing power grid while ensuring sustainable, resilient, and reliable service to end users. Random installation of DG, on the other hand, can invalidate the existing grid’s designated objectives, and operational boundaries due to the changes in network topology resulting in unforeseen load flow. Appropriate integration of DG units on DC networks should be remedy to high transmission/distribution losses in lines, instabilities in voltage profiles, issues in power quality parameters, and derogation in the protection schemes. Based on the behavior of load profiles, e.g., 24 h or longer period, operational and technical constraints, this study proposes a framework that minimizes transmission/distribution losses on a DC network, in which discrete variables stand for the location of DGs. Optimal power flow (OPF) problem formulation underpins the proposed optimization framework. Overall, this computationally challenging planning problem refers to a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) including discrete variables with non-convex power balance/flow representations. To deal with the non-convexities and discrete form of the formulation, a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) relaxation, and branch-and-bound search are assigned. The validation of the introduced approach is carried out on the IEEE modified benchmark systems. With the help of proposed method, optimal allocation of DG units on 9-bus, 14-bus, and 30-bus systems, respectively, lead up to 99.93%, 94.38%, and 79.09% total power losses reduction.

This study aims to develop a scale that will determine the factors causing professional obsolescence in the field of education. In this context, the Professional Obsolescence Scale (POS) has been developed to determine the professional and organizational obsolescence of primary, secondary and high school administrators. In this scale development process, steps were followed in line with the suggestions of Crocker and Algina (2006) and Cronbach (1984). Firstly, 63 items were prepared and 991 school principals participated the study. R (version 4.0.1) software was used to analyze the data. Item and test parameters and information functions have been estimated using Samejima's Graded Response Model based on Item Response Theory. Principal Axis Analysis was performed for the construct validity of the scale, and four-dimensions structure with 47 items has been obtained. These dimensions are named as "Being Open to Professional Development", "Job-Ability Harmony in Profession", "Organizational Support in Professional Development", "Professional Burnout". The scores obtained from each dimension are evaluated within themselves. It has been observed that each dimension fulfills the conditions of unidimensionality, local independence, model-data fit and parameter invariance. According to the Classical Test Theory, Cronbach Alpha coefficients are between 0.807 and 0.945. The Stratified Alpha coefficient calculated for the whole scale is 0.94. According to the Item Response Theory, the marginal reliability coefficients were between 0.857 and 0.936 and the empirical reliability coefficients were found between 0.854 and 0.938.

The research is aimed to explore the effect of STEM education on the motivations and epistemological beliefs related to science among talented and gifted students. A mixed research method was employed in collecting the data of the research. The sample of the research consisted of 20 5th and 6th grade students who were diagnosed to be talented. Before the activities, the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire and the Motivation Scale for Science Learning were applied to the students. The reflective journals were asked to fill in reflective journals after each activity and individual interviews were conducted after all activities were completed. A significant difference was found between the Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire and the Motivation Scale for Science Learning pre-test and post-test scores at the end of the research. With the conducted interviews and results from the journals, positive changes were observed in students' self-confidence, motivation, and attitudes towards science lessons in training.

In this study, the effect of human relations and communication lessons on eloquent speaking skills was examined by using the pretest-posttest control group model. 96 students studying at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University School of Physical Education and Sports participated in the research voluntarily in the spring semester of 2020-2021. The data were collected during the oral presentations made in the human relations and communication lesson with the Rating Scale to Assess Speaking Skills for Turkish Native Speakers developed by Bozkurt and Arica-Akkök (2019). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of speaking skills of physical education teacher candidates before and after speaking practices, and their standard deviation and arithmetic mean scores were examined. Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test was applied to determine whether there was a significant difference in speaking skill scores before and after the lesson. According to the research findings; while the pretest averages of the experimental group students were lower than the control group, their posttest averages were higher than the control group. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the scores of the students participating in the study before and after the experiment from the speaking skills observation form, and when the mean rank and totals of the difference scores were taken into account, it was seen that this difference was in favor of the positive ranks, that is, the posttest score. It was determined that there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from the speaking skills observation form of the students participating in the study in the control group.

The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of teachers towards using digital games in social studies courses. The sample of the study was consisted of social studies teachers and primary school teachers who attend social studies course in secondary schools affiliated to Van District National Education Directorate. Total 192 teachers voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, the Digital Games Utilization Scale (DGUS) was used to collect quantitative data. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 package program. For the analysis of quantitative data, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test and One Way ANOVA tests were performed. As a result of the research and based on the findings obtained by using DGUS, it has been determined that there is no significant difference in terms of subdimensions of DGUS (attitudes related to the use of digital games in the courses, attitudes related to the negative aspects of digital games, attitudes related to the positive aspects of digital games, attitudes related to the impact of digital games on learning in the classroom on the part of students) and variables such as teachers' age groups, professional seniority, educational status and gender.

Although corpora and corpus linguistics have been applied for quite long in foreign and second language settings, there is still limited understanding about how EFL learners use corpus tools along with dictionaries to enhance their collocation knowledge. This study aims to gain insight into the effectiveness of corpus-based pedagogy in comparison with the conventional vocabulary teaching methods, particularly using dictionaries. The study was conducted with two non-English major advanced groups of L2 learners at a public university. The experimental group studied 16 pre-selected formal academic words and their strong and weak collocations with corpus (COCA, the corpus of contemporary American English), while the comparison group studied the same collocations using advanced learner's dictionaries. The instruments for collecting data included the Oxford placement test, pretest, posttest, and exercises devised for particular teaching points of collocations. Results of Repeated Measures ANOVA tests showed no significant difference between the two experimental groups. However, the corpus-based approach showed more impact on the reception of strong collocations acquired by the corpus group at a slightly better performance rate, as evidenced by the group's mean scores (Corpus =45.91, Dictionary= 44.06). Interestingly, the acquisition of weak collocations was better for the dictionary use group (Corpus=54.08, Dictionary= 57.18). The paper thus offers some implications for teaching and assessing collocation knowledge and makes suggestions that EFL practitioners should create variations in instructional methodologies through gaining awareness of the increasing availability of innovative technologies. Further research on collocations' assessment has also been suggested.

This study aims to examine teachers' and students' views of learning-teaching on Turkish Language and Literature course. Also, this study aims to determine the prior learning-teaching strategies of teachers and students. It was designed by qualitative research approach, phenomenology design. In the study, there are two participant groups; teachers and students. In sampling for both teachers and students, convenient sampling of purposive sampling type was used. Semi-structured interview questions were used as a data collection tool. Accordingly, content analysis was deemed proper to analyze the data. As a result, teachers' and students' views on learning and teaching are compatible with each other in a general framework such as self-study, students' involvement, active lesson process, teaching the lesson as art and especially the importance of reading habit. However; in the learning-teaching process, teachers' most strong emphasis was on individual differences, different/active methods implementations during the lesson and; whereas students' emphasis was on learning strategies such as memorizing, coding, doing research, observing and teachers' interest in them. It can be seen in the findings that teachers tend to teach the course by enabling learners to participate and students would like to have an active lesson process. Teachers and students share a similar idea on the fact that the Turkish Language and Literature course is an art; so, the learning-teaching process should be formed accordingly. According to the findings teachers' and students check the understanding by productivity and test results. Conclusively, teachers and students are keen on an active teaching environment; reading habit is one of the most important skill as the course's attainment, however exam pressure can limit their actions.

The purpose of this study was to understand Turkish early childhood teachers' views and practices of parent involvement (PI). Qualitative research design was utilized for this research by asking five open-ended research questions to one hundred female teachers who work in the public preschools. The results of the study indicated that teachers apply various forms of parental involvement considering Epstein (1995) six type of parent involvement model. The findings suggest that while volunteering in the classroom was the most common PI, on the other hand decision making was one of the least PI form that teachers used. The results highlighted that teachers' aims to involve parents are relevant to their thinking of beneficial outcomes for children, families, and teachers. Majority of teachers think that parental involvement is very high in their classrooms and they have significant role in that because they are very intent in informing parents, or organizing the activities. According to the teachers, some of the obstacles of parental involvement are; families education level, having multiple children in the family, fathers' absence in classroom activities, parents unwillingness to do the homework, parents not participating in seminars, lack of space and crowded classrooms.

Purpose: The present study aims to examine the opinions of preschool and classroom teachers about the use of music in mathematics teaching. Research Methods: This research was conducted using a case study method and the data were obtained through semi-structured face-to-face interviews consisting of open-ended questions. In this study, 30 teachers, of whom 15 were classroom teachers and 15 were preschool teachers participated. The obtained data were analysed using a content analysis method. Findings: Findings obtained in this study showed that students' attitudes towards mathematics were high. However, teachers faced difficulties in teaching abstract topics in maths and they suggested that music could have positive effects on mathematics lessons. Results indicated that most teachers used music in mathematics lessons yet did not consider themselves competent to utilize music in mathematics lessons. Implications for Research and Practice: Findings obtained in this study suggest that the use of music in mathematics teaching has positive contributions concerning motivation, permanence, participation in class and the elimination of prejudices and negative attitudes towards the lesson. It is suggested that courses, in-service training and seminars for the use of music in mathematics courses can be organized. Finally, mathematics teaching activities with music can be designed and applied, and whether these activities affect students' attitudes and achievement can be investigated by experimental methods.