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This paper investigates the adoption of ISO 19152, Geographic information — Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), for improvement of the current Turkey Land Information System (TLIS) data model and provides a brief overview of the current land information system in Turkey emphasising the main issues in creating the national information infrastructure. Then, the general concept of the country profile for Turkey with the adaptation of the LADM is described. In this context, the core data model of TLIS has been reviewed against the corresponding LADM basic classes. The proposed LADM for TLIS can be used to describe LA information in Turkey, although there are similarities, semantic differences and mismatches of classes and attributes between them. The results of study indicate that effective functioning of the information infrastructure requires proper integration of data, proceeded by analysing the contents of existing data sets, indicating key registers and defining a linkage system between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, our aim is to obtain a 3-D velocity model of the Sakarya Basin and its surrounding. First of all, the various velocity models conducted previously are used as initial models and then a new model representing the region exactly is calculated. In selection of the earthquakes with particular criteria, the high-quality events are chosen to obtain reliable results. A total of 311 aftershocks located between Sakarya and Bolu provinces of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) are selected at the end of this process and a one-dimensional P-wave velocity model is calculated. The earthquakes have been selected among the 3000 aftershocks of the 1999 İzmit earthquake recorded by the digital three-component seismometers that deployed in the section of the NAFZ remaining between Sakarya and Bolu provinces. The one-dimensional P-wave velocity model obtained in this study is used as a reference model in the tomographic inversion process to calculate the three-dimensional velocity structure of the region. Then, several three-dimensional cross sections have been generated. When those sections are examined, it is observed that the aftershocks are concentrated in the layers down to 16 km in depth. These events provide more accurate and reliable results. When 1-D velocity structure has been analyzed, it is observed that the deeper velocity structures of the initial model given the values remain constant. At this point, the P-wave velocity values in the layers starting from 4.21 to 7.23 km/s increase steadily and the velocity structure of the region is brought out as three dimensional, and its compatibility with its geology and tectonics is evaluated. By those results, while the different velocity anomalies are determined in the study areas, in particular presence of the low velocity zones are clearly seen in segments of the NAF. In this case, the region is said to be quite compatible with the geology and tectonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history Turkey and Germany have experienced an intense relationship. Today the relationship continues to develop. This article analyses the relationship from the 16th century up to the First World War. It is a process that varies from friendship to self-interest. The main topic of this article is the triangle of admiration, friendship and self-interest during the period up to the start of the First World War. At times mutual admiration was dominant, and self-interest dominated at other times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The racist approaches has began to take place on international area intensively after Cold-War period in the European Union countries. Generally, when we think about xenophobia and racism in Europe, Germany becomes the first country that comes to mind. However, the European Parliament Election in 2014 has shown that the racist approaches are not restricted to Germany. Xenophobia and racism are increasing day by day in nearly all the European Union countries. So far, the racism has been raised as a form of Islamophobia in expressions of far-right parties in Europe. Today the movement, which arised in September 2014 and called Pegida, has started to use these approaches. In this article the Pegida movement will be examined in the context of rising Islamophobia, racism and xenophobia in the European countries recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]