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The surge in malnutrition prevalence of underweight children under five from 17.9% to 19.6% in the 2007-2013 period, indicates that Indonesia is facing problems in terms of public health. Previous studies showed that the nutritional status and the health of children are concerned with the social practices of their food choices. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of social structure and analyze the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice for children. This study involved 200 people of the main organizer of family food from the two communities in West Java province. Communities chosen have characterized the local community of highland and lowland agriculture. The results show that the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice in the highland community are the selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination), income (structure of domination), and access to means of transportation (structure of domination). Meanwhile , at the community of lowland , structural inhibitors and activators social practices of food choice were identified as the food regulation for children who suffer from pain (structure of legitimacy), norms of parenting (structure of legitimacy ), a selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination) and family support (structure of domination).Keywords: social practices, food choices, structureABSTRAKMelonjaknya prevalensi gizi underweight anak balita dari 17.9% menjadi 19.6% pada tahun 2007-2013 menandai Indonesia sedang menghadapi masalah dalam hal kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa status gizi dan kesehatan anak mempunyai kaitan dengan praktik sosial pilihan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bentuk struktur sosial dan menganalisis struktur sosial yang berperan menghambat dan mengaktifkan praktik sosial pilihan pangan untuk anak. Kajian ini melibatkan 200 individu pengelola utama pangan keluarga dari dua komunitas di propinsi Jawa Barat. Komunitas yang dipilih mencirikan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran tinggi dan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran rendah. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa struktur yang berperan sebagai penghambat atau pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan pada komunitas dataran tinggi adalah pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi), biaya/penghasilan (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi), dan akses sarana transportasi (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi). Sementara itu, pada komunitas dataran rendah, struktur penghambat dan pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan yang teridentifikasi adalah aturan pangan untuk anak yang menderita sakit (aturan-struktur legitimasi), norma pengasuhan anak (aturan-struktur legitimasi), pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi) dan dukungan keluarga (struktur dominasi).Kata kunci: praktik sosial, pilihan pangan, struktur

This study aims to: formulate operational concepts to measure the level of household food endurance, to analyze indicators of household food endurance in terms of aspects of education, economics, and food consumption, identify the characteristics of households that experienced food unendurance. Household sample was pre-prosperous, prosperous I, prosperity II, prosperous III, and prosperous III +. Selection random sample coated with proportional allocation. Types of data collected include demographic characteristics of household, ownership of land, the economic characteristics of households, household social characteristics. Based on discriminant analysis, it found five variables that can be indicators of household food enduracnce is the wife of education backgaround, ownership of chickens, the frequency of eating rice consumption , cassava consumption frequency and the frequency of consumption of salted fish. The higher the wife's education, the more resistant the household food. While ownership of the chicken and salted fish consumption is indicated that is the opposite of more domesticated chickens and the higher the frequency of consumption of salted fish is the household food unendurance. Striking characteristic is the average frequency of consumption of salted fish, the frequency of household consumption of food endurance just 0.7 times per week, while the household does not endurance as much food frequency 3.9 times per week.

Cultural value system includes a social standardization in certain communities. The meaning itself is a reflection of the value system. The meaning then shows the extent of a value system applied by members of the social system in their daily life. This paper will analyze the meaning of feeding toddlers and pregnancy. By assuming the system of cultural value through the meaning that triggers the occurrence of malnutrition case in two Sasak communities, and by using paradigm of post-positivism research, the purpose of this research is to know the difference in value system's overview of both Sasak communities through the process of pregnancy, birth, and parenting. The results of the research show the meanings that trigger malnutrition case in Sasak communities, among others, the meanings of maternal in pregnancy, child and number of children, breast milk and complementary feeding, and the toddlers condition when sick. Key words: Value system, Sasak, malnutrition, East Lombok.

This study aimed to determine whether the household vegetable consumption and vitamin A intake at household level improve with a home gardening utilization and nutritional extension program. Quasi experimental nonequivalent groups design. The study was conducted in Sukajadi village as a control group and Sukajaya village as the intervention group, Tamansari Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia with demographic characteristics of rural areas on December 2011-June 2013. Mothers toddlers in control group 31 mothers and intervention group 30 mothers. Vegetable consumption and dietary intake of vitamin A was measured by food recall method 2×24 h. Nutrition knowledge of the intervention group was increased 12.3 point after the nutrition extension were given (p

Sinar ultraviolet B adalah sumber utama vitamin D, tetapi wanita usia subur yang bekerja di dalam ruangan mempunyai vitamin D yang rendah meskipun Indonesia negara tropis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi peranan paparan sinar matahari pada wanita usia subur terhadap status vitamin D dan tekanan darah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen tanpa kelompok kontrol pada 21 wanita sehat. Penelitian ini membandingkan status vitamin D dan tekanan darah sebelum dan setelah mendapat paparan sinar matahari pada wajah dan lengan tiga kali seminggu selama 12 minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji t-berpasangan. Paparan sinar matahari dapat meningkatkan vitamin D. Serum 25(OH)D meningkat 15,9% dari 15.7 ng/dL menjadi 18,2 ng/dL. Paparan sinar matahari menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik (nilai p = 0,004) dan diastolik (nilai p = 0,011). Ultraviolet B dari sinar matahari 30 menit tiga kali seminggu selama 12 minggu dapat memperbaiki status vitamin D dan tekanan darah.Ultraviolet B sunlight exposure is a primary source of vitamin D, but women of childbearing age who worked in room every day had low serum vitamin D despite Indonesia is a tropical country. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of sun exposure in women of childbearing age on vitamin D status, and blood pressure. An intervention before-after study without group control was conducted on 21 healthy women. This study compared vitamin D status, and blood pressure before and after receiving ultraviolet B (UVB) from sun exposure on the face and both arms three times a week for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameter and blood pressure were measured, were determined at baseline and after 12 weeks of sun exposure. The effect of sun exposure can improve vitamin D. Serum 25 (OH)D increase 15.9% from 15.7 ng/dL to 18.2 ng/dL. Sun exposure significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (p value = 0.004), and diastolic blood pressure (p value = 0.011). Ultraviolet B from sun exposure for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 12 weeks improves the vitamin D status, and blood pressure.

Anemia dikenal sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat selama bertahun-tahun, berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas 2018 diketahui prevalensi anemia sebesar 48,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko yang memengaruhi terjadinya anemia pada wanita pemetik teh di daerah Pengalengan Bandung, Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dengan 148 subjek Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) berusia antara 18-45 tahun yang sudah menikah dan tidak sedang hamil yang dipilih secara purposive di Kebun Purbasari, Talun Santosa dan Sedep. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian yang didanai oleh Neys-van Hoogstraten Foundation (NHF). Data yang diperoleh adalah karakteristik subjek (usia, besar keluarga, lama dan tingkat pendidikan), pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan keluarga/bulan, status gizi dan komposisi tubuh, dan status anemia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar pekerja wanita pemetik teh berusia 40-44 tahun, dengan jumlah keluarga ≤4 orang dan 72,3% dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah (89,9% berpendidikan maksimal SD). Rata-rata pengeluaran non pangan lebih besar daripada pengeluaran pangan. Berdasarkan berbagai indikator komposisi tubuh, secara umum pekerja wanita pemetik teh dalam kondisi berat badan berlebih (56,8%), lingkar lengan atas normal (98,6%). Rata-rata total lemak tubuh >32,1%, visceral fat normal (≤9%), lingkar pinggang berisiko ≥80 cm, dan RPP ≥0,8 cm sebesar 81,1%. Prevalensi anemia pada wanita pemetik teh sebesar 42,6%. Overweight merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap anemia karena penimbunan lemak dapat menurunkan penyerapan zat besi sehingga jumlah hemoglobin menurun dan eritrosit mengecil. Umur sebagai faktor protektif. Anemia dapat dicegah melalui edukasi gizi, pola hidup sehat, dan pengendalian faktor penyebab serta predisposisinya.

Backgorund; Nutritional problems arise due to the problem of food security at the household level, namely the ability of households to obtain food for all household members. This reflects the lack of accessibility of households to obtain food, one of which is caused by poverty. Many factors can affect household food security. Aim; This study aims to analyze differences in socio-economic characteristics based on the level of food security of poor urban and rural households in South Sulawesi as measured by the HFIAS Method and the modified Maxwell Method. Method; This study used a cross sectional design. Sampling using purposive sampling with a sample size of 170 households. Data analysis performed was bivariate analysis with t-independent test and chi square test. Results; The results showed that the variables that had differences between food-security and food-insecurity household groups as measured by the HFIAS method were household size (p = 0,000), while variables that had differences between household groups were food-security and food-insecurity (0.029) and household size (p = 0.000). Conclusions; Household size variables have differences between food-security and food-insecurity household groups as measured by the HFIAS method and the modified Maxwell method. Household size is an important variable that affects the level of household food security.

Indonesia dihadapkan pada dua masalah gizi yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi lebih sedangkan permasalahan gizi pada remaja cenderung lebih dominan untuk mengalami kelebihan berat badan, ini dapat dilihat dari prevalensi sangat gemuk (obesitas) remaja di Kabupaten Cianjur sebesar 10.6%. Oleh karena itu, konsumsi sayur dan buahbuahan sangat dianjurkan untuk menurunkan prevalensi kelebihan berat badan khususnya pada remaja. Pemerintah melalui Pedoman Gizi Seimbang menganjurkan konsumsi sayuran dan buah-buahan sejumlah 400 g per orang per hari yang terdiri dari 250 g sayur dan 150 g buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi ketersediaan sayur dan buah di rumah, kontribusi sayur dan buah terhadap asupan vitamin, mineral dan serat dan hubungan antara praktik gizi siswa maupun ibu sebagai orang tua siswa terkait pedoman gizi seimbang dengan konsumsi sayur dan buah siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang didanai oleh Neys-van Hoogstraten Foundation, the Netherlands dan dilakukan di SMPN 1 Cianjur dengan total subjek penelitian berjumlah 72 siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji beda Mann Whitney dan uji hubungan Rank Spearman. Jumlah konsumsi sayur dan buah siswa belum sesuai dengan anjuran Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Konsumsi sayur siswa dengan rata-rata 36.9±34.8 g per hari, sedangkan konsumsi buah siswa dengan rata-rata 203.2±112.9 g per hari. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (p

More than a third of protein intake of Indonesian is fulfilled from soyfood. Unfortunately, soybean is mainly obtained through importation; it is the second largest import agri-food commodity (after wheat) in Indonesia. Almost 70% of soybeans consumed by Indonesian is imported from other countries. This study aimed to explore potential soybean-alternatives from Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta – Middle Java, Indonesia. Gunung Kidul, with its karst region domination, harsh climate condition and strong indigenous culture, kept many potential indigenous soybean-alternatives. Qualitative data were gathered by using Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview with 24 key persons from Pucung- and Mertelu-villages, Gunung Kidul Regency. This in-depth study identified eight indigenous soybeans alternatives which then enable to be processed into three soyfood alternatives, those are: Tempe Benguk, Tempe Mlanding, and Tempe Klenthang. There were 10 traditional techniques in processing these commodities. A quantitative review using Hedges’d effect method had also been performed to compare the nutritional quality of those identified soybean alternatives. This analysis revealed that only five of those alternatives that has been scientifically published but still under-utilized. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia gladiata have comparable crude protein (d+, ±Vd: -2.05, ±1.01) and calcium content (2.02, ±1.01), respectively, if set the soybean as comparison. There were five main negligence reasons of these alternatives, i.e., complicated handing, potential poisonous, rarely found, less preferred, and less economic value. Fermentation seems to be the best traditional processing approach in utilizing these soybean alternatives. Advance processing technique seems promising for increasing the value of these alternatives.

Pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi anak penting dilakukan untuk mendukung proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Pola makan anak usia sekolah yang cenderung lebih memilih jajan di sekolah dibandingkan makan di rumah akan mempengaruhi status gizi anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan jajanan, hubungan pemilihan jajanan dengan frekuensi jajan serta hubungan kontribusi jajan dengan status gizi anak sekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang didanai oleh Neysvan Hoogstraten Foundation, the Netherlands dan dilakukan di tiga SD yaitu SDN Kedokan, SD Pajajaran dan SDN Cibogo Kecamatan Cisauk, Kabupaten Tangerang dengan total subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 siswa. Analisis faktor dan uji hubungan Rank Spearman digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Terdapat lima faktor utama yang menjadi determinan pemilihan jajanan yaitu faktor familiaritas, karakteristik jajanan, lingkungan dan sosial, kandungan gizi dan variasi serta kesehatan. Faktor kesehatan dan karakteristik jajanan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan frekuensi jajan (p

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of administering biscuits enriched with albumin protein from snakehead fish, zinc and iron on immune response of under five children. This was pre-post, single blind, randomized control trial conducted in twenty eight preschool children aged 4-5 year attending Early Childhood Education (PAUD) in Pilar village, sub-district of Semplak, Bogor Regency, West Java. The children were randomly assigned to experimental group which receive biscuit with protein source from snakehead fish flour fortified with zinc and iron and control group which receive biscuit with protein source from milk. Both biscuits had a similar on protein and energy content of 13.34% and 503 kcal, respectively. A 60 g biscu its per day was consumed by the children for 56 days. Results showed that experimental biscuits (biscuits sourced snakehead fish protein) had a higher contribution on energy, protein, Zn and Fe than a control biscuits (biscuits sourced milk protein). Fish biscuit contribution to energy was 14.64% RDA, protein was 14.75% RDA, Zn was 53.52% RDA and Fe was 39.26% RDA. Milk biscuit contribution to energy was 9.40% RDA and protein was 4.29% RDA, Zn was 3.27% RDA and Fe was 5.80% RDA. T-test result showed that milk biscuit group was significantly different (p

Hypertension has been demonstrated in several populations to have a positive correlation with obesity. Persistent hypertension in adolescents is often predictive of future hypertension in adults , cardiovascular disease and early death. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and the associated risk of hypertension among adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia. The cross sectional study was conducted to 213 adolescents. Weight, height and blood pressure were measured using standard methods. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized by age and sex. The prevalences of normal and obese among the adolescents were 69.0 and 6.1%, respectively. The prevalences of hypertensive range systolic blood pressure among the adolescents categorized as normal and obese were 42.2 and 76.9%, respectively and those of hypertensive range diastolic blood pressure among the normal and obese ones were 21.1 and 38.5%, respectively. Pearson's correlation analyses between BMI for age and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.310; p = 0.000) and between BMI for age and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.168; p = 0.014) demonstrated positive correlations. The sufficiency levels of energy, protein and carbohydrate had a significant association with the systolic blood pressure. The sufficiency levels of energy and carbohydrate were significantly associated with the diastolic blood pressure. The determinant factors of the systolic blood pressure were the sufficiency levels of calcium, protein, iron and carbohydrate and those of the diastolic blood pressure were the sufficiency levels of energy and carbohydrate. A long-term follow up of hypertension in adolescents into adulthood is recommended.

Female workers of childbearing age (WUS) as a major of human resources in many agribusiness exposed to anemia. This study aims to improve the iron status of anemic WUS workers with low hemoglobin (Hb) levels, who work in a pineapple agribusiness by iron supplementation. This study was conducted two periods, using a double-blind randomized trial design. Subjects were divided into two treatment groups supplements, namely IF that was given iron + folic acid and MVM that was given multi vitamin and mineral containing 15 different vitamins and minerals including iron and folic acid. The subjects of period-1 were 25 married WUS (IF=13, MVM=12) and of period-2 were 15 single WUS (BF=7, MVM=8). Supplementation performed three times weekly for 10 weeks. After supplementation, the levels of Hb, haematocrit (Hc) and serum ferritin of BF-group increased, whereas there were declines in MVM-group. The increase in Hb and Hc in married WUS was higher than the single. However, their Hb was fallen down when supplementation was continued without supervision and getting down when not given the supplements anymore. Supplementation with iron is a must for WUS workers, because they are not able to increase their Hb if only rely on their food.

2 Abstract: Obesity lead to serious health consequences. Risk increases progressively as BMI increases to contributes an increased risk for chronic disease, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. The prevalence of obesity has increased in Indonesia. The cross sectional study was applied to 47 obese group and 97 normal weight women worker. We compared the lipid profiles and blood pressure of obese worker women (n = 47, mean age 38.89) to those with a normal weight (n = 97, mean age 37.09). The average body mass index was 30.13 kg/m in the obese and 22.99 kg/m in the normal group. 2 2 Ratio LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol in obese group 2.62 ±1.03 higher than normal group 1.87±0.61. The obese group had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, lower levels of HDL - cholesterol and higher blood pressure compared to the normal group. Obesity in worker women is associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism and a greater risk for cardiovascular disease.

This study was aimed to analyze levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice on nutrition related to iodine, and iodine source consumption pattern, and household’s usage of iodized salt among mothers in mountainous area of Cianjur District. Design of this study was a cross-sectional, conducted during May-July 2012 at three sub-districts of Cianjur which were categorized as IDD (Iodine Deficiency Disorders) endemic areas. The subjects were 153 household mothers, living in the study area. The data were collected by interview using pre-tested questionnaires. Data on iodine content of salt was analyzed at Laboratory of Balai GAKI, Magelang. The result shows that subjects were mostly categorized as poor (73.2%), namely their income/cap/month was lower than poverty line of rural West Java. Nutritional knowledge related to iodine of subjects was categorized as moderate (score 64.2). Nutritional attitude related to iodine of subjects indicated the negative attitude (score 30 ppm).Keywords: attitude, iodine, knowledge, practiceABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktek gizi ibu terkait iodium, serta pola konsumsi pangan sumber iodium dan penggunaan garam beriodium pada ibu rumahtangga di wilayah pegunungan Cianjur. Desain penelitian ini merupakan cross sectional, dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juli 2012 di tiga kecamatan yang tergolong endemik GAKI (Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium) di Kabupaten Cianjur. Subjek adalah ibu rumahtangga sebanyak 153 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diujicobakan sebelumnya. Data kandungan iodium pada garam diperoleh berdasarkan analisis di laboratorium Balai GAKI, Magelang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek umumnya tergolong miskin (73,2%) karena pendapatan/kapita/bulan lebih rendah dari Garis Kemiskinan Jawa Barat untuk wilayah perdesaan. Pengetahuan gizi ibu terkait iodium tergolong sedang (skor 64,2). Sikap gizi ibu terkait iodium menunjukkan sikap yang negatif (skor 30 ppm).Kata kunci: iodium, pengetahuan, praktek, sikap

The purposes of the study were to analyze nutritional status, psychosocial stimulation, and factors affecting the cognitive development of preschool-age children. This study was conducted in the Village of Babakan, Sub-District of Dramaga, Bogor Regency, West Java. This cross-sectionally designed study was conducted with mothers who had preschool children aged 3-5 years as respondents. Fifty-eight children were included. The distribution of mother's educational level was quite diverse, and the largest percentage (44.8%) had senior high school education. Approximately 78% of the family income per capita was classified into the non-poor category and 22.4% into the poor category. The average mother's nutritional knowledge score was 76.7 ± 2.5 (moderate category). Most of the preschool children (84.4%) had psychosocial stimulation scores in the moderate category (30-45). The nutritional status of children showed that 15.5% were underweight, 5.2% were wasted, 3.4% were severely wasted, and 19% of the children were in the short and very short categories (stunted). The stepwise regression results showed that psychosocial stimulation (P < 0.001), participation in early childhood education (P = 0.002) and nutritional status based on the height index for age (P = 0.028) had a positive and significant effect on cognitive development of the preschool children (adjusted R2, 0.434; P = 0.028).

Usia prasekolah merupakan periode golden age yang rentan terhadap penyakit infeksi sehingga harus diperhatikan pemenuhan gizinya agar dapat tumbuh kembang secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji densitas zat gizi dan energi pangan, densitas asupan zat gizi dan energi, morbiditas, serta hubungannya dengan status gizi BB/U, TB/U, dan BB/TB pada anak usia prasekolah di daerah pedesaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Improving Child Growth and Development through Nutrition and Psychosocial Intervention in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Setting in Rural Areas berkerja sama dengan Nestle Foundation (NF) Switzerland. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional study melibatkan 120 anak usia prasekolah usia 4-6 tahun. Lokasi dan subjek dipilih secara purposive dilakukan di Kecamatan Tamansari dan Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor. Studi ini menemukan bahwa sebagian besar subjek memiliki status gizi yang baik. Densitas gizi pangan anak usia prasekolah pedesaan rendah kualitas zat gizinya. Densitas asupan zat gizi mikro ditemukan rendah tetapi tinggi densitas asupan energi. Lebih dari setengah subjek dengan tingkat morbiditas tinggi. Densitas asupan energi signifikan berhubungan dengan status gizi BB/U dan BB/TB (p

Hypertension is a global public health problem. Hypertension prevalence increasing with age, particularly in middle aged men. It is important to identify the modifiable risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation of smoking habit, physical activity, and hypertension among middle aged men. This study was conducted in Cianjur District, West Java. 112 men aged 45-59 years old were participated in this cross sectional study. Automatic blood pressure (OMRON Model HEM-7200) was used to measure blood pressure. 24-hour physical activity recall was used to assess physical activity (PA). The correlation between smoking habit and hypertension was analyzed by Chi Square. The correlation between physical activity and hypertension was analyzed by Spearman. This study found that 83.9% subjects had smoking habit. More than half of the subjects (57.2%) had heavy PA. Almost half of the subjects (43.7%) were hypertension. Median of systolic 135.0 mmHg and diastolic 85.0 mmHg. There was a significant correlation between smoking habit (p=0.039) and physical activity (p=0.025) with hypertension. Smoking habit and physical activity correlate with hypertension. Having a moderate to vigorous physical activity regularly particularly in smokers among middle aged men are recommend for decreasing the prevalence of hypertension.

This research was aimed at analyzing indicator of early adolescent quality and factors affecting the early adolescent quality (EAQ). The study tried to create EAQ index and to analyze its effect to academic achievement. EAQ was measured by body mass index (physical dimension), intelligent quotient and emotional intelligent (nonphysical dimension). The index could show the different quality among public and private school. A crosssectional study was applied on this study. The location were purposively selected at five subdistricts, i.e., Purwokerto, Baturaden, Ajibarang, Rawalo, and Sumpiuh. Total samples of the study were 300 students of secondary school and their families. The sample were divided into public school samples (150 students) and private school samples (150 students). The study created the EAQ categorized in four category, i.e., high (7,7%), medium (71,3%), low (20,7%), and very low (0,3%). The study described that both student (public and private school) have significant differences on EAQ, academic achievement, school environment. Yet, the study found no significant differences of home environment between public and private school samples. The public school amples had the better EAQ, academic achievement, and school environment than the private school samples. The regression analysis showed that home and school environment, education investment factors affected EAQ. Academic achievement was influenced by EAQ, parent’s control on student time, school condition, student activity involvement, family monetary investment, year of schooling of mother, and student expectation.

The objective of this study was to learn and analyze the relationship between the consumption of plain water, nutritional status, and health status of panti werda residents in Pacitan. Design of this study was cross-sectional. Subject of this study were panti werda residents. As many as 24 people were chosen as subject. This result showed that 75% of subject had plain water sufficient levels were categorized as adequate and 25% were inadequate. Energy and protein sufficiency levels of subject were 33% and 42% categorized as normal. Micronutrient sufficient levels of subject consists of 83% phosphorus, 88% iron, and 100% vitamin A were categorized as adequate, but calcium and vitamin C sufficient levels as many as 96% and 100% were categorized as inadequate. As many as 42% subject had normal nutritional status, 25% were underweight, and 33% were overweight. Health status of subject as many as 54% were categorized as high and 46% were low. The Pearson and Spearman correlation test showed that nutritional status with nutrient intake, plain water consumption, and health status of subject had no significant relationship (p>0.05).Keywords: elderly, health status, nutrition intake, nutritional status, plain waterABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan konsumsi air putih, status gizi, dan status kesehatan penghuni panti werda di Kabupaten Pacitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 24 orang penghuni panti werda. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa 75% subjek memiliki tingkat kecukupan air putih yang tergolong kurang dan 25% tergolong cukup. Tingkat kecukupan energi dan protein subjek masing-masing sebesar 33% dan 42% tergolong normal. Tingkat kecukupan zat gizi mikro, yaitu 83% fosfor, 88% zat besi, dan 100% vitamin A termasuk dalam kategori cukup, namun tingkat kecukupan kalsium dan vitamin C, yaitu sebesar 96% dan 100% termasuk dalam kategori kurang. Sejumlah 42% subjek berstatus gizi normal, 25% gizi kurang, dan 33% gizi lebih. Status kesehatan subjek sebesar 54% tergolong baik, sedangkan 46% tergolong tidak baik. Uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara status gizi dengan asupan zat gizi pangan, konsumsi air putih, dan status kesehatan subjek (p>0,05).Kata kunci: air putih, asupan zat gizi, lansia, status gizi, status kesehatan

Minyak goreng yang digunakan secara berulang-ulang berpotensi mengandung asam lemak trans. Konsumsi asam lemak trans berisiko memunculkan penyakit diabetes dan jantung koroner. Di Indonesia kebiasaan menggunakan minyak secara berulang lebih dari dua kali mencapai 24%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati perubahan mutu minyak goreng dan produk setelah digoreng dengan menggunakan teknik rumah tangga. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental study dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Teknik menggoreng yang digunakan adalah deep fat frying dengan minyak sebanyak 2 liter. Produk yang digoreng adalah tahu seberat 900 gram dengan suhu 150-165oC selama 30 menit. Penggorengan dilakukan empat siklus pada jam 07.00 dan 11.30 selama dua hari. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis Free Fatty Acids (FFA), nilai peroksida, profil asam lemak di minyak goreng dan produk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar FFA dan peroksida minyak tidak berbeda nyata (α > 0.05) antara penggorengan pertama sampai keempat. Asam lemak terbanyak dalam minyak dan tahu adalah asam lemak oleat, linoleat dan palmitat. Rasio asam lemak linoleat dan palmitat tidak mengalami penurunan yang signifikan (α > 0.05) sampai penggunaan minyak keempat. Kadar asam lemak trans produk tahu sampai penggorengan keempat masih dalam batas aman.

Konsumsi ikan ibu hamil yang rendah menjadi faktor risiko yang kuat pada kejadian persalinan prematur dan bayi berat lahir rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhi outcome kelahiran. Penelitian ini didanai oleh Neys-van Hoogstraten Foundation. Desain penelitian ini adalah cohort study dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 41 di Kecamatan Lenteng dan 38 ibu hamil di Kecamtan Kalianget, Kabupaten Sumenep. Data usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, ukuran rumah tangga, berat badan pra-hamil, dan paritas ibu diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, tinggi badan ibu menggunakan microtoise, asupan energi menggunakan recall 2x24 jam, konsumsi ikan menggunakan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Berat, panjang, dan lingkar kepala lahir bayi berdasarkan catatan bidan. Analisis data menggunakan korelasi pearson dan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsumsi ikan ibu sebesar 61,8 gram. Rata-rata berat, panjang, dan lingkar kepala bayi lahir sebesar 3090,5 gram, 49,1 sentimeter, dan 33,3 sentimeter. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi ikan dan tinggi badan ibu dengan berat dan panjang lahir bayi. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi ikan ibu dengan lingkar kepala lahir bayi. Konsumsi ikan dan tinggi badan ibu menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi berat lahir bayi. Konsumsi ikan menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi panjang dan lingkar kepala lahir bayi.

Peran asam urat dalam meningkatkan penyakit ginjal dan kardiovaskuler dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini sering menjadi perdebatan para ahli. Penyakit kardiovaskuler dan infark miokard dilaporkan dipengaruhioleh tingginya asam urat dalam darah dalam beberapa penelitian besar. Jenis penelitian menggunakan rancangan cross sectional study. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat perbedaan kadar asam urat antara suku Jawa dengan suku Serawai. Penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan 104 orang berusia 40-65 tahun. Data primer berupa data subjek termasuk umur, jenis kelamin, pendapatan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, kadar asam urat. Untuk menganalisis perbedaan dan kadar asam urat darah pada kedua suku dengan menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Suku Serawai 55,8% mempunyai kadar asam urat tinggi dan Suku Jawa yang mempunyai kadar asam urat tinggi sebanyak 40,4%. Dari analisis uji beda kadar asam urat antara Suku Serawai dengan Suku Jawa diperoleh p=0,031 (p

Breast-feeding is a natural way to feed babies. A good breastfeeding practice is important for a continued growth, health, and nutrients for babies and young children. Therefore, the period of exclusive breast-feeding is one of important health problems in the community. This research used a control group design. The control group is nonpoor household. The collected data from the two groups (poor and nonpoor) and from the two locations, Bogor and Indramayu, (highland and coastal) were compared. Sample was drawn as random. Sample size of poor households are 513 in both location, while nonpoor households are 238. Total sample size are 751 households. The data collected through questionnaires. The results of the studies conducted in Bogor and Indramayu show that most mothers either from poor or nonpoor households do not breastfeed their babies, and they have problems with their excessive breast milk and continuously dripping breast milk. The results of the study reveal that almost all mothers have got the experience of breast-feeding their last babies, either those of poor households or those of nonpoor ones in both Bogor and Indramayu. Most mothers of poor households both in Bogor and Indramayu do not generally understand about exclusive breast-feeding, with the figures reaching 95.6% and 97.7% respectively. The figures for the breast-feeding period of between 12 and 23 months were 27.4% in Bogor, and 30% in Indramayu. Key words: breast-feeding, households, breast milk, mothers, babies

Food security at household level refers to the ability to ensure an adequate intake of food for the whole family members. Food security includes physical (food availability), economical (purchasing power), nutritional (fulfilled individual need of adequate nutrient), cultural and religious aspects, health, and time. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting food security of the households. The study was conducted in a highland area of Bogor District and a coastal area of Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia. In Bogor, 375 samples and in Indramayu 376 samples were selected randomly. The data collected through questionnaires were tried out before hand so that they were more operational. The revised questionnaires and forms then were used by the enumerators. Food security reflected by the sufficiency level of energy and protein intake shows that in general poor households have a low level of nutritional. Households in Indramayu have a higher food security than those in Bogor (particularly in terms of protein sufficiency). Factors having a significant association on food security of households were the number of household members, husband ages, and household category. The number of members in households affect significantly the energy sufficiency level. The number of members in households, husbands’ ages, and household category have a significant effect on the level of protein sufficiency. Key words : food security, energy sufficiency, protein sufficiency.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF POOR AND NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS Nutritional status is a body health condition of a person or a group of people resulting from the consumption, absorption, and utilization of nutrients in food. This study aimed to asses nutritional status of children under five years, husbands, and wives in highland and coastal areas. This study used a case control group design. Case was poor household while control group was nonpoor household. The collected data from poor and nonpoor and from the highland and coastol areas were compared. Weight was measured using digital bathscale and height uses microtoise. The results indicated that most husbands and wives were in normal category, less than 15% had low nutritional status. Prevalence of overweight occured more frequently in nonpoor households. The prevalence of nutritional problems of children under five was greater in poor households than that in nonpoor households. The children’s under five years old nutritional status were similiar in both boys and girls. Keywords : nutritional status, children, poverty

The objectives of this study were to analyze relationship of maternal height, nutrients intake and nutritional status in children under five years. The study design used was cross-sectional study with 90 children as subjects that consisted of 47 stunting children and 43 normal children. This study showed that short mothers (height Keywords: children under five years, maternal height, nutrients intake, nutritional statusABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan tinggi badan ibu, asupan gizi dan status gizi anak balita. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study dengan subjek sebanyak 90 anak terdiri dari 47 anak stunting dan 43 anak normal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang pendek (TBKata kunci: anak balita, asupan gizi, status gizi, tinggi badan ibu

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of calcium intake, nutritional status, and blood pressure to joint pain among elderly in nursing homes in Bandung. The study design was cross-sectional study. Subjects were consisted of 12 elderly men and 69 elderly women from four nursing homes in Bandung. Most subjects had joint pain (59.3%), hypertension (30.9%), and were overweight (39.5%). There was no significant relationship between frequency of consumption of calcium food sources and nutritional status, blood pressure, joint pain, and the level of joint pain (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between joint pain and the level of joint pain with blood pressure and nutritional status.Keywords: blood pressure, calcium, elderly, joint pain, nutritional statusABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan kalsium, status gizi, dan tekanan darah terhadap keluhan sendi pada lansia di Panti Werdha Kota Bandung. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional. Subjek terdiri atas 12 lansia pria dan 69 lansia wanita dari empat panti werdha di Kota Bandung. Sebagian besar subjek mempunyai keluhan sendi (59.3%), hipertensi (30.9%), dan status gizi overweight (39.5%). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi pangan sumber kalsium dengan status gizi, tekanan darah, keluhan sendi, dan tingkat keluhan sendi (p>0.05). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keluhan sendi dan tingkat keluhan sendi dengan tekanan darah dan status gizi.Kata kunci: kalsium, keluhan sendi, lansia, status gizi, tekanan darah*

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun pegagan terhadap gambaran darah dan peningkatan fungsi kognitif pada tikus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor tikus Wistar jantan, dibagi secara acak ke dalam 4 kelompok dan masing-masing diberi ekstrak etanol daun pegagan setiap hari dengan level 0, 100, 300, dan 600 mg ekstrak/kg bobot badan selama 8 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak pada level 300 mg/kg bobot badan meningkatkan nilai packed cell volume (PCV), sel darah merah (SDM), dan nilai hemoglobin (Hb). Pengamatan aktivitas pada kelompok dengan level 300 dan 600 mg/kg bobot badan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (P

The purposes of this study were to identify the association between nutritional status, language and cognitive development and also differences of language and cognitive development between normal and stunted underfives children. The study design was a cross-sectional. Sample size was 70 children consisted of 35 normal and 35 stunted children. The highest percentage level of education of fathers and mothers only primary school and more than half of children from poor families. There was significant difference (pKey words: cognitive, language, stunting, underfives childrenABSTRAKTujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui kaitan status gizi dengan perkembangan bahasa dan kognitif pada anak yang berstatus gizi normal dan stunted. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Total subjek pada penelitian ini sebanyak 70 anak balita, terdiri dari 35 anak balita berstatus gizi stunted dan 35 anak berstatus gizi normal. Sebagian besar pendidikan orang tua adalah SD dan berasal dari keluarga miskin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p0.05), namun skor pola asuh makan ibu anak balita normal lebih tinggi daripada anak balita stunted. Berdasarkan uji korelasi terdapat hubungan signifikan (pKata kunci: anak balita, bahasa, kognitif, stunting

Banten Province in Indonesia has a traditional tribe called Baduy. Baduy tribe is still maintaining their traditions against modernization. The objectives of this research were to analyze socio-economic and demographic characteristics of Baduy people, socio-cultural and ecological aspects of Baduy community, and food availability of Baduy people. This research is an explorative and descriptive study on the socio-cultural aspects of food system. The data required to meet the research objectives were collected through a direct interview and discussion with respondents as well as a direct observation at the location of respondents. A sample size of 338 households was drawn from the population. The allocation of sample was 303 for Outer Baduy, 10 for Inner Baduy and 25 for Moslem Baduy. To obtain the data on the cultural aspects, history and socio aspect of food, in-depth interviews was conducted with 19 key persons. The study was last for 12 months. The rice production of Baduy community to supply its basic need is generally insufficient; as a result, they have to purchase rice from outside. In addition, not all rice they produce can be consumed because some of it is for the needs of traditional ceremonies. As much as 25 % of the production is sold or given to their neighbors who are lack of rice, 25 % is sent for their neighbors’ feast and for traditional ceremonies (for the elderly people, Jaro, and Puun), and the 50 % is stored in the rice barn for their daily consumption. Only poor households use their rice for their daily consumption. Baduy community usually purchases their foodstuffs at the market, the shop, or from the vegetable vendor who sells from one village to another. If Baduy people need rice and other foodstuffs, they usually go to another village to fulfill their needs. Key words: cultural values, traditional tribe, and consumption

The main aim of this study was to compare breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practice and infants nutritional status between rural and urban areas. In this cross-sectional study, Desa Jayabakti, Kabupaten Sukabumi represents rural area, while Kelurahan Kedung Jaya, Kota Bogor represents urban area. Samples were 31 mothers-infants in each area who were selected by simple cluster sampling method. The differences between two areas were analyzed with the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. The correlation between variables was analyzed with rank Spearman. The result of this study showed that mother's knowledge and attitude of nutrition, especially about exclusive breastfeeding, was higher in urban than in rural area. There were differences in mothers' knowledge and attitude between rural and urban areas (p0.05). The aspects of breastfeeding practices which statistically difference in rural and urban areas were the introduction of colostrums status and breastfeeding time (p0.05). Furthermore, exclusive breastfeeding practice was not associated with 4-12 months infants nutritional status (p>0.05). Mothers' family should be targeted as target of audience in breastfeeding promotion. Keywords: breastfeeding practice, exclusive breastfeeding, knowledge, attitude, infant nutritional status, rural and urban areas.

The aim this study was to analyze the determinant of positive deviance nutritional status of under five year old children in poor areas with low and high prevalence of undernutrition. Cross sectional study was conducted in the study using secondary data analysis taken from Basic Health Research 2007 in four provinces with determination samples criterias of high poverty levels according BPS 2009 (>14.15%) and low and high prevalence of undernutrition (+18.4%) which were analyzed through quadrants. The number of samples was 3.494 under five year old children from poor families. The significancy relations among variables were measured using Pearson's correlation and path analysis to analyze the determinants. The results, the determinant of positive deviance were income through mother's characteristics, health upbringing, and health status, the four provinces had the same determinants pathway (β=0.0451), with mother's characteristics (p Key words: positive deviance, undernutrition, nutritional status.

Nutritional knowledge and attitude of mothers are required to improve children feeding patterns so that adequate nutrition for the children is reached, and in this way they can grow and develop well. The objectives of this action research were: (1) to assess mother nutritional knowledge, and (2) to evaluate the effects of nutrition education to the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of mother. The research was carried out in two sub-districts of Bogor: Sub-District of Ciomas and Sub-District of Darmaga. This research started with a preliminary study as the first step and experimental design as the second step. As many as 16 posyandu that met research requirements were obtained. A total number of 240 mothers had been divided into kontrol and intervention groups. Collected data included the data of posyandu, household, children and mothers. Baseline data were collected during the pre-study, while end-line data were collected after conducting intervention (experiment). An experiment was made to determine the effect of nutrition education and home gardening on respond variables: mother’s nutritional knowledge, attitude, and practice. The experiment had been conducted for five months in the form of providing nutrition education once in two weeks and implementing home gardening. Based on the General Linear Model (GLM) analysis, the intervention in the forms of nutrition education as well as home gardening programs which were carried for five months had a significant effect on the response variables (nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices among mothers. Keywords: nutritional knowledge, attitude, practice, posyandu

The objectives of this research were to: (1) analyze animal food supply in West Lampung District; (2) analyze ideal animal food target and; (3) analyze animal food self sufficiency. This research was conducted by using retrospective and prospective design. The primary data was collected by conducting interview and giving questionnaire to the chosen sample. The secondary data was processed by using Food Balance Sheet (FBS) software to measure animal food supply including the number and the energy and protein content. Food self sufficiency was analyzed by production-supply and import-supply ratio. The average animal food supply in 2005, 2006, and 2007 is 21 g/capita/day or 7.66 kg/capita/year, still lower than ideal supply 60 g/capita/day or 21.90 kg/capita/year. Protein supply of animal food is 2.86 g/capita/day, lower than ideal supply 4.8 g/capita/day. Keywords: food supply, ideal food supplying projection, food self sufficiency, food security

Milk is the best source of calcium and many studies suggest that adolescence who drink milk or eat other dairy foods have stronger bones and better nutritional status. The objectives of this study were to determine effect of high calcium and fresh milk on nutritional status and bone density. Variables measured in this study were body mass index and bone density of trunk. Samples were 55 adolescent boys aged 17 to 19 years old (students of TPB IPB). The study was conducted at TPB IPB dormitory during four months. The design of this study was nested randomized design with two factors. Two kinds of milk (fresh milk and high calcium milk) and 3 levels of volume (250 ml, 500 ml, and 750 ml) were used. Results of the study indicated that high calcium milk consumption was able to increase body mass index and bone density of trunk. It was found that high calcium consumption showed very highly significant effect (P Keywords: milk consumption, adolescence, nutritional status, bone density of trunk.

The objectives of the study were to identify national programms of family economic empowerment, to analyze social-economics of program participants, to evaluate the family economics program, to analize impacts of family economic programs toward food access and to create recommendation for improving family economic empowerment programs. This study was conducted in Pamijahan sub-dsitrict of Bogor districts and in Bogor Barat and Bogor Utasra sub-district of Bogor municipality in the period of March to November 2009. Sampling method used was stratified random sampling with equal proportion where the total sample size was 48 households. Data collected include household socio-economics, food consumption of before and after programs and bussines input, proceses and output of before and after program. The results show that the input, process and output of the programs i.e. PNPM Mandiri, Garda Emas, P2KP and KUBE were relatyively good. All of the programs are effective because their 1/Cost-Effective are higher than 1. The probability of Garda Emas to be succesfull is highest (0.89), while the probability of Mandiri, Dakabalarea, P2KP, Kube are 0.80, 0.27, 0.36 and 0.72 respectively. Keywords: PNPM Mandiri, Dakabalarea, P2KP, Garda Emas, Kube, cost-effectiveness.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelayanan program gizi serta menganalisis partisipasinya dalam program posyandu. Disain penelitian ini menggunakan cross-sectional dengan sampel rumah tangga yang memiliki anak balita. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 300. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan secara acak berlapis (stratified random sampling). Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Cianjur yang dilakukan pada tahun 2006-2007. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi jenis pe­layanan gizi, persepsi terhadap program gizi dan partisipasi dalam program gizi. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara. Data ha­sil wawancara dientri menggunakan software excel. Data dianalisis dengan SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa para ibu berpendapat bahwa program PMT dan penyuluhan gizi harus lebih diper­baiki. Jumlah dan keterampilan kader cukup memadai, namun kahadiran bidan di posyandu kurang mencukupi. Program imunisasi bagi balita diikuti dengan baik oleh para ibu balita. Terkait pelayanan di puskesmas, sebagian besar ibu mengeluhkan waktu antri yang lama dan frekuensi kehadiran dokter yang kurang. Partisipasi balita dalam mengun­jungi posyandu relatif baik (92.4%). Lebih dari 90% balita, baik yang sering maupun jarang mengunjungi posyandu telah menerima kapsul vitamin A. Pelayanan posyandu yang sangat dirasakan oleh masyarakat adalah penimbangan balita dan imunisasi. Keywords : persepsi, partisipasi, program gizi

Oxygenated water is water with increased concentration of physically dissolved oxygen, and can perform all the same functions as the oxygen absorbed through the lungs. Several structures of human organs participate in the absorption and transportation of the oxygen, including the villi and cells containing mitochondrion in the small intestine as well as the lymph system. The aim of this in vivo study were three folds, to validate the support of oxygenated water on viability of probiotic bacteria in the GUT, to suppress the fecal coliform, and to study the effect of oxygen concentration on the profile of fecal microbiota. There were one control group and three probiotic groups of 5 rats each based on strain of probiotic supplementation, control without probiotic (a 0 ), Lactobacillus casei commercial strain (a 1 ), Lactobacillus sp. IS-7257 (a 2 ) and Lactobacillus sp. IS-27560 (a 3 ). Each group was treated with three variable treatments, without oxygenated water supplementation (b 0 ), supplemented with oxygenated water at 50 ppm (b 1 ), and at 80 ppm (b 2 ). Fecal samples were collected before (c 0 ), after 3 days (c 1 ), 7 days (c 2 ) supplementation, followed by 3 days after returning back to normal diet (c 3 ), analysed by culture dependent analyses for viable fecal lactic, coliform and fecal anaerobic bacteria. Supplementation of oxygenated water at 50 ppm, significantly increase fecal lactic acid bacteria of all probiotic groups after 3 and 7 days ( P

The objective of this study was to analyze nutrient intake and nutritional status of menstruating and non-menstruating girls. This survey was conducted from April to September 2012 in elementary schools and junior high schools in Bogor. Total subjects consisted of 35 menstruating and 35 non-menstruating girls who were chosen through screening. The results showed that the percentage of menstruating girls in urban (28.0%) were more than in rural (25.1%). About 57.1% of subjects had menarche at 10 years old. The average of nutrient intake on menstruating and non-menstruating girls were under DRI (Keywords: BMI/age, girls, menstruation, nutrient intake, percent body fatABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis asupan zat gizi dan status gizi pada remaja putri yang sudah dan belum menstruasi. Survei ini dilaksanakan pada April—September 2012 di Sekolah Dasar (SD) dan Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Bogor. Jumlah subjek terdiri dari 35 orang yang sudah menstruasi dan 35 orang yang belum menstruasi dan dipilih melalui screening. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase terjadinya menstruasi pada siswi di sekolah kota lebih besar (28.0%) dibandingkan dengan di kabupaten (25.1%). Sebanyak 57.1% subjek mengalami menarche pada usia 10 tahun. Rata-rata asupan zat gizi subjek yang sudah dan belum menstruasi masih berada di bawah AKG (Kata kunci: asupan zat gizi, IMT/U, menstruasi, persen lemak tubuh, remaja putri*

The relationship of mother’s attitude towards specific food consumption is known to influence children’s attitude and eating behavior. Fish consumption is critical towards children development, such as brain development and overall physical health. The objectives of this research were to elaborate the determinants of children’s appreciation for consuming fish or attitude towards consuming fish. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two different locations in Central Java in a coastal and in a non-coastal area. There are 248 students from the fifth and sixth grades of elementary schools participating as subjects, which is the same as that of their mothers. Observations and interviews were carried out using standardized questionnaires to describe the mother and children relationship that determined children’s appreciation for consuming fish by using path analysis. The results showed that location of residence namely coastal area, family collective eating pattern, mother’s affective attitude towards fish and mother’s higher education significantly improved children appreciation for consuming fish. However, cognitive attitude and conduct to make fish available in family menu did not contribute significantly to children appreciation for consuming fish. It can be concluded that even though mother understands the benefits of fish and makes fish available in family menu, when children unable to feel her preference towards fish, children will not appreciate to consume. Therefore, mother’s preference towards fish needs special considerations, since it positively influence children’s appreciation for consuming fish, which will contribute importantly to children’s well-being. Key words: Elementary students, attitude toward consuming fish, mother’s affective attitude.

The objectives of this research were to analyze health, nutritional status of children under five years and its influential factors. This research was carried out in two sub-districts of Bogor: Sub-District of Ciomas and Sub-District of Darmaga. As many as 16 posyandu nutrition program were obtained. A total number of 240 mothers had been divided into control and intervention groups. Baseline data were collected during the pre-study, while endline data were collected after conducting intervention (experiment). The experiment had been conducted for five months in the form of providing nutrition education once in two weeks and implementing home gardening. The data analysis included estimation of mean, standard deviation, minimum value, maximum value and proportion. Based on the General Linear Model (GLM) analysis, it was found that intervention had significant impact on the nutritional status (WAZ) of children under five years. Intervention did not have significant effects on the nutritional status according to HAZ and WHZ. Key words: Health status, nutritional status, nutrition program, children under five years.

Overweight/obesity is a condition that has been proven to be interrelated with chronic inflammation and compromised immune system due to disregulation of adipocytokine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of soy isoflavone on the markers of inflammation and immunity of overweight or obese teenagers. Eighteen overweight or obese teenagers, 9 boys and 9 girls each sex were randomized to one of three intervention groups; 0 ml, 150 ml and 300 ml soy milk, equal to 0 g, 25 g and 50 mg isoflavone everyday for 30 days. The data collected were food consumption, plasma isoflavone concentration, plasma IL6 as indicator of inflammation, and lymphocyte and NK cell count as indicator of immunity. The study showed that nutrient intake of samples were still relatively low. The soy milk intervention significantly increased plasma isoflavone concentration, but not significantly had contribution to the plasma IL6 concentration and lymphocyte and NK cell count. Several kind of food consumed by samples had contribution to the plasma isoflavone concentration, and lymphocyte count. Based on the results, it was suggested that soy isoflavone intervention does not affect the inflammation status and immunity of overweight/obese teenagers. Key words: Overweight/obesity, teenagers, soy isoflavone, inflammation, immunity

The objective of this research was to analyze nutritional status and food consumption of children participating in the Posyandu nutrition program. A total sample of 300 children under five years had been drawn. Sample was divided into two categories namely high participation and low participation in the Posyandu nutrition program. The sample was selected from two sub districts of Cianjur District, West Java. The districts were areas with a high proportion of poor people and many of them take the benefits of Posyandu nutrition program conducted by the government. The participation of children (under five years old) in visiting Posyandus was relatively good, namely, 92.4% (for the high participation group). However, for the low participation group, the number of participating children was relatively low (28.3%). The average consumption of energy for children under five years old was still below the recommended dietary allowance < 80% of RDA, whereas the protein consumption was already above the RDA. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children were respectively 30.0%, 43.7%, and 12.3%. The activities at Posyandus had a positive impact on the nutritional status of children under five years olds, measured in terms of weight for age (W/A) and weight for height (W/H). The more frequent the visit to Posyandus, the better the nutritional statuses would be.

Education and nutrition support enhance each other. Nutrition education is an important thing that have to be integrated in school’s subject, because lack of knowledge regarding proper diet and healthy nutrition represents a major cause of implication in bad eating habits which can cause undernutrition among school-age children. Therefore, healthy eating habits are important to establish during childhood and sustain thereafter. The objective of this study was to identified the nutrition material that integrated in elementary school’s subject. Cross sectional design was used in this study and four teacher of the fifth grade was interviewed by the researcher. The nutrition material in the subject was identified in qualitative and quantitative way. The result showed that only one topic that contain about nutrition which consist of two sub topic, human’s digestion system and the relationship between food and health. The material explanation in that two sub topic is include complete type and present in sentences and also picture type. The nutrition material was quantitatively attain 37.8% compared with IGD and PUGS as justification. It can conclude that nutrition material in elementary school’s subject was quite good. Key words: nutrition material, elementary school’s subject