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Surface consistency forms the basis for short-wavelength statics estimation. When raypaths in the near surface diverge from a normal incidence or when the normal moveout (NMO) velocity is inaccurate, surface-consistent methods may fail to estimate accurate statics. Existing nonsurface-consistent techniques can be prone to errors due to the need to construct pilot traces or pick horizons while imposing additional computational costs. To overcome these limitations and correct for the surface- and nonsurface-consistent statics, we have developed a low-rank-based residual statics (LR-ReS) estimation and correction framework. The method makes use of the redundant nature of seismic data by using its low-rank structure in the midpoint-offset-frequency domain. Due to the near-surface effect, the low-rank structure is destroyed. Therefore, we estimate the statics by means of low-rank approximation and crosscorrelation. To alleviate the need for accurate rank selection for low-rank approximation and improved statics estimation, we implement the method in an iterative and multiscale fashion. Because the low-rank approximation deteriorates at high frequencies, we use its better performance at low frequencies and exploit the common statics among the different frequency bands. The LR-ReS estimation and correction can be applied to data without an NMO correction, which makes statics estimation independent of the NMO velocity errors. Consequently, it can reduce the multiple iterations of the NMO velocity estimation and short-wavelength statics correction commonly needed for conventional methods to improve their performance. Moreover, the LR-ReS estimation does not require windowing of a noise-free area containing aligned primaries or mute to avoid the NMO stretch effect, which enables statics correction of the wavefield of all offsets. To evaluate the performance of our method, we apply it to simulated data and a challenging field data set affected by complex weathering layers and noise, which indicate a substantial improvement compared with conventional short-wavelength statics correction.

In recent years, we are facing the challenge of drug resistance emergence in fungi. The availability of limited antifungals and development of multi-drug resistance in fungal pathogens has become a serious concern in the past years in the health sector. Although several cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the drug resistance mechanism in fungi, but a complete understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms is still lacking. Besides the genetic mechanism, epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in the fungal lifecycle and disease biology. However, very little is understood about the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the emergence of multi-drug resistance in fungi, especially in Candida auris (C. auris). The current narrative review summaries the clinical characteristics, genomic organization, and molecular/genetic/epigenetic mechanisms underlying the emergence of drug resistance in C. auris. A very few studies have attempted to evaluate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in C. auris. Furthermore, advanced genetic tools such as the CRISP-Cas9 system can be utilized to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms and their role in the emergence of multi-drug resistance in C. auris.

Despite fast developments in non-invasive diagnostic techniques, the initial cardiovascular exam still includes the auscultation of heart sounds with a stethoscope. This systematic review aimed mainly to study the developments in chest auscultation using digital stethoscopes and artificial neural network that interprets the results of electronic stethoscopes in detecting and differentiating innocent and pathological murmurs in the pediatric population. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched. Seven studies were included, with 671 patients. Out of the total population, 217 patients had innocent murmurs, and 403 had pathological murmurs. All the included studies reported that digital auscultation could differentiate pathological and innocent murmurs, which is a fast and cost-saving method. It was found that digital auscultation has a diagnostic benefit in identifying pathological and innocent murmurs. Studies also revealed that a quick and affordable strategy could be a big assistance when making decisions.

Background: Crohn's disease is one of the major inflammatory bowel diseases, which is described as a transmural inflammation and may involve any portion of the luminal gastrointestinal tract. the patient with protein- losing enteropathy (PLE) will mainly present with peripheral edema and gastrointestinal symptoms of diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, or flatulence. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old Kuwaiti female, medically and surgically free, presenting with 14 days history of bilateral painless leg swelling progressively worsening, reached to the sacral area, associated with facial puffiness and lower limb numbness. The symptoms started 5 months ago when she started having diarrhea once per day, watery with mucous. She reported epigastric pain radiating to the left upper quadrant. She had a history of multiple vomiting since then, unintentional weight loss was noticed, around 10 kg, and amenorrhea for 4 months with regular cycles prior. She was managed and stabilized and admitted to the medical ward. During the admission, she was investigated and diagnosed. The patient was discharged after 12 days of overall hospital stay as a case of inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion: Although PLE is rare, it is, therefore, important to recognize that these complications can cause initial atypical symptoms of Crohn's disease before finalizing the diagnosis.

Background: Splenic abscess is a rare disease that can be due to many causes including infections or adnominal trauma and surgery. Complications of splenic abscess are fatal including septic shock which can be defined as sepsis leading to circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities, and the patient cannot maintain mean arterial pressure. Case Presentation: In this case, we report a 71-year-old male patient known to have diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Past surgical history revealed that he underwent exploratory laparotomy and graham patch repair, followed by exploratory laparotomy with gastrojejunostomy. Patient has a history of deep venous thrombosis for 1 month on anticoagulant. He presented to the emergency department because of decreased level of consciousness. The patient appeared obtunded and pale, his blood pressure and oxygen saturation were low. Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram showed massive bilateral pleural effusion and abdominal CT showed splenic abscess and colosplenic fistula. Conclusion: Because splenic abscess secondary to previous abdominal surgeries is a rare condition, emergency physicians should have a high index of suspicion for such a rare phenomenon if they encounter severe sepsis or septic shock.

Background: An association between splenic infarction, high altitude, and different subtypes of sickle cell disease (SCD) has been reported in the literature, particularly sickle cell trait. However, none of these studies reported the possibility of splenic infarction as a presenting feature of sickle cell/beta+ thalassemia. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old male college student presented to the emergency department with dull pain in the left upper quadrant and without any known history of medical illness. The patient was originally from Qatif, the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and was referred to the study hospital with an ultrasound report showing splenic infarction. Upon presentation to the study hospital, the patient still had mild abdominal pain and early satiety. Examination revealed tachycardia (128/minute), upper abdominal tenderness, and splenomegaly approximately 2-3 cm below the left costal margin, with thrombocytosis and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Hemoglobin (HGB) electrophoresis showed hemoglobin A (HbA) 19.3; HbA2 4.9; hemoglobin F 12.9 and hemoglobin S 62.9, confirming a diagnosis of sickle cell/beta+ thalassemia. The patient was started on IV hydration and therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin 60 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours. The patient's symptoms improved. Therefore, the patient was discharged on life-long apixaban (5 mg PO Bid), with close follow-up at the hematology clinic. Conclusion: Splenic infarction could be manifested as an isolated feature in patients with SCD and its subtypes, such as sickle cell beta+ thalassemia. Therefore, physicians should pay careful attention to these complications and consider HGB electrophoresis as a part of the workup.

Background: Anemia in young children is a major public health problem worldwide. Around 1.6 million people have been diagnosed with anemia, and 47.4% of them are preschool children. Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia in pediatrics. Several complications happen due to IDA during the first 2 years of life, such as reducing cognitive development, lowering immunity, and delaying growth. Case Presentation: A 2-year-old girl was brought to the Emergency Room complaining of fever (39°C) associated with skin pallor for 2 months. A complete blood count laboratory test result showed a very critical low hemoglobin (Hb) 3.39 g/dL. She received a blood transfusion, as a life-saving treatment. She was diagnosed with IDA secondary to formula milk dependency. Her Hb reached 10.62 g/dL and she was discharged with iron supplementation for 6 months. Conclusion: This case adds more to the literature by documenting critically low Hb level with positive findings in physical examination, which are pansystolic murmur and palpable bounding pulse, indicating severe IDA.