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Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is aggressive and expansionist variety of external tooth resorption that commences within the cervical region. The treatment goal must be complete elimination of all resorbing tissues and therefore the reassembling of the resorptive defect by the placement of an acceptable filling material to achieve desired function and esthetics. The restoration of the defect becomes demanding and strenuous if it extends coronally as well as radicular. This case presents the management of a Heithersay's Class 3 ICR in maxillary right central incisor using a surgical approach and restoration of defect with tri-layered combination of biodentine, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, and composite resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root canal stenosis and external inflammatory root resorption are potential consequence of trauma that can occur depending on the severity of the injury. Luxation injuries induce reduced blood supply to the pulp, which leads to calcification/narrowing of root canals leading to root canal stenosis. External inflammatory cervical resorption occurs when there has been the loss of cementum due to damage to the external surface of tooth root during trauma, plus root canal system becoming infected with bacteria. External inflammatory resorption can ultimately lead to loss of tooth if it is not managed in a timely manner. The treatment should aim toward the complete suppression of all tissues undergoing resorption and the reconstruction of the resorptive defect by the placement of a suitable bioactive material. This case report presents the management of root canal stenosis in the maxillary left central incisor in 35-year-old female and management of Class IV external invasive cervical and apical inflammatory resorption in maxillary right central incisor, both of which were diagnosed with the help of cone-beam computed tomography scan. The treatment of external inflammatory resorption included surgical excision of granulation tissue and root reconstruction with Biodentine. Twelve months follow-up showed successful outcomes for both the teeth treated for root canal stenosis and external invasive inflammatory resorption leading retention of the traumatized teeth with otherwise poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate temperature changes in pulp chamber during light activation of newer pulp- capping materials and composite resin using light-emitting diode. Materials and Methods: A standardized Class I cavity was prepared in 80 extracted, intact, noncarious mandibular first molars, keeping remaining dentin thickness of 0.5 mm. The teeth were divided into four groups of 20 teeth each. Following this, apical third of the mesial root of each tooth was cut and a K type thermocouple attached to digital thermometer was inserted into pulp chamber from the sectioned mesial root. Whole assembly with teeth was suspended in water bath with constant temperature at 37°C. The previously divided teeth in four groups, were lined with Calcimol LC (Group A), Activa (Group B), TheraCal LC (Group C), and Ionoseal (Group D), followed by 3 increments of Filtek Z350 × T universal restorative. The temperature rise following light activation of pulp-capping material, bonding agent, and composite was noted. Results: The temperature rise in the pulp chamber after light activation of Activa was highest among all pulp-capping materials, followed by teeth lined with Calcimol LC, Ionoseal, and least in teeth with TheraCal LC. Conclusions: Temperature rise in the pulp chamber after light activation of newer pulp-capping materials and composite was below critical threshold for irreversible pulpal damage. Among all the pulp-capping materials, TheraCal LC showed lowest temperature rise in pulp chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The aim of the present study was to compare G-ænial, silorane, and nanoceramic composites and the effect of polyethylene fiber inserts in reducing gingival microleakage in class II composite restorations placed apical to the cementoenamel junction. Methods Standardized class II cavities were prepared on extracted molars and randomly divided into six groups ( n = 20 each): group 1, Ceram X mono; group 2, Ceram X mono + Ribbond; group 3, Filtek P90; group 4, Filtek P90 + Ribbond; group 5, G-ænial posterior; and group 6, G-ænial posterior + Ribbond. All specimens were subjected to a thermocycling regime, immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 h, sectioned longitudinally, and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess dye penetration on a six-point scale. The score data were subjected to statistical analysis, whereby the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used for multiple group comparisons and the Mann-Whitney test for groupwise comparisons at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results A statistically-significant decrease in microleakage was found when Ribbond fiber was used: group 2 vs group 1 ( P < 0.001), group 4 vs group 3 ( P < 0.001), and group 6 vs group 5 ( P < 0.001). A significant decrease in microleakage scores was found in the silorane and G-ænial posterior composites when compared to the nanoceramic composite ( P < 0.001). Conclusion The use of polyethylene fiber, silorane composite, and G-ænial posterior composite reduces microleakage in class II composite restorations with gingival margins below the cementoenamel junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of a root canal treatment is to eliminate the bacteria and their products from the pulp space. Chemomechanical preparation (chemical—refers to irrigating solutions, i.e., either synthetic chemicals or herbal solutions and mechanical—refers to instrumentation of a root canals with endodontic files) of a root canal system plays a major role in obtaining the rationale of root canal treatment. Various synthetic chemicals known as endodontic irrigants play a major role in disinfection, but also have undesirable properties like allergic potential, toxicity, unacceptable taste, etc. Today there is a major change in trend towards the use of natural herbal medicines as a part of dental treatment due to its easy availability, less toxicity, and cost effectiveness. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of various herbal endodontic irrigants evaluated for their effectiveness in the disinfection of a root canal system. This literature review is conducted using electronic databases "PubMed," "Google Scholar," and "Scopus," and articles were limited to those in the English language and published between 1980 and 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate and compare the cleaning ability of the more biocompatible 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to that of 2.5% NaOCI with syringe method irrigation. Material and methodology: Thirty-six extracted permanent single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated at the cemento-enamel junction and divided randomly into four groups (nine in each group) after biomechanical preparation. Group 1: Control group - normal saline was used as an irrigant solution. Group 2: PUI with 1% NaOCI. Group 3: syringe irrigation with 1% NaOCI. Group 4: syringe irrigation with 2.5% NaOCI. Roots were split and canal walls were examined at the apical third at 1,000X magnification in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Debris scores were recorded using a scoring scale. Means were tested for significance using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests. Results: Group 2 showed the lowest mean score of 0.33 compared to the other groups and Group 1 had the highest mean score. Significant difference was found when PUI with 1% NaOCI (Group 21 was done compared to syringe irrigation with 1% NaOCI (Group 3, p=0.O01), and syringe irrigation with 2.5% NaOCI (Group 4, p=0.002). Conclusion: PUI with 1% NaOCI is more effective in removal of debris from the root canal system than syringe irrigation with a higher concentration of 2.5% NaOCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the existence of the golden proportion, recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion and golden percentage between the frontal view widths of the maxillary anterior natural dentition among students of Indian origin by the aid of digital photography.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 80 dental students (41 female and 39 male), with ages ranging from 20 to 23 years. Students whose natural smile did not develop any visual tension with regard to the study's and their own criteria were selected as having an esthetic smile. Photographs were taken, and the mesiodistal widths of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured digitally using software. Once the measurements were recorded three different theories of proportion were applied and statistical analysis was done.Results: The golden proportion, i.e., 62% RED proportion and golden percentage were not observed in the subjects. According to the subjects evaluated, the average width of the maxillary lateral incisor was 72% of the frontal view width of the central incisor. The average width of the canine was 84% of the frontal view width of the lateral incisor.Conclusion: The golden proportion and RED proportion were not observed in the natural smiles of subjects who were deemed to have an esthetic smile. The values proposed for the golden percentage theory were not observed in subjects with an esthetic smile. Average frontal view percentage widths of the maxillary anterior dentition exist and can be useful in predicting naturally occurring widths in smiles deemed to be esthetic in a specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]