110 results on '"Agnete Larsen"'
Search Results
102. Blocking the lipid metabolism as a new treatment strategy for multiple sclerosis
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Anne Skøttrup Mørkholt, Agnete Larsen, Nieland, Jette G. K., Shohreh Issazadeh, Søren Nielsen, and John Nieland
103. Multi-omics analysis reveals the impact of influenza a virus host adaptation on immune signatures in pig tracheal tissue
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Helena Aagaard Laybourn, Chrysillis Hellemann Polhaus, Charlotte Kristensen, Betina Lyngfeldt Henriksen, Yaolei Zhang, Louise Brogaard, Cathrine Agnete Larsen, Ramona Trebbien, Lars Erik Larsen, Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos, Ulrich auf dem Keller, and Kerstin Skovgaard
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influenza A virus ,RNA-Seq ,global proteomics ,immune regulation ,host metabolism ,host adaptation ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
IntroductionInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection is a global respiratory disease, which annually leads to 3-5 million cases of severe illness, resulting in 290,000-650,000 deaths. Additionally, during the past century, four global IAV pandemics have claimed millions of human lives. The epithelial lining of the trachea plays a vital role during IAV infection, both as point of viral entry and replication as well as in the antiviral immune response. Tracheal tissue is generally inaccessible from human patients, which makes animal models crucial for the study of the tracheal host immune response.MethodIn this study, pigs were inoculated with swine- or human-adapted H1N1 IAV to gain insight into how host adaptation of IAV shapes the innate immune response during infection. In-depth multi-omics analysis (global proteomics and RNA sequencing) of the host response in upper and lower tracheal tissue was conducted, and results were validated by microfluidic qPCR. Additionally, a subset of samples was selected for histopathological examination.ResultsA classical innate antiviral immune response was induced in both upper and lower trachea after infection with either swine- or human-adapted IAV with upregulation of genes and higher abundance of proteins associated with viral infection and recognition, accompanied by a significant induction of interferon stimulated genes with corresponding higher proteins concentrations. Infection with the swine-adapted virus induced a much stronger immune response compared to infection with a human-adapted IAV strain in the lower trachea, which could be a consequence of a higher viral load and a higher degree of inflammation.DiscussionCentral components of the JAK-STAT pathway, apoptosis, pyrimidine metabolism, and the cytoskeleton were significantly altered depending on infection with swine- or human-adapted virus and might be relevant mechanisms in relation to antiviral immunity against putative zoonotic IAV. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that during host adaptation, IAV evolve to modulate important host cell elements to favor viral infectivity and replication.
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- 2024
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104. Distribution of silver in rats following 28 days of repeated oral exposure to silver nanoparticles or silver acetate
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Alicja Mortensen, Ulla Vogel, Klaus Qvortrup, Agnete Larsen, Niels Hadrup, Xueyun Gao, Henrik Rye Lam, Katrin Loeschner, and Erik Huusfeldt Larsen
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Silver ,Materials science ,Food contact materials ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,lcsh:Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare ,Administration, Oral ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Acetates ,Toxicology ,Silver nanoparticle ,Random Allocation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ileum ,Oral administration ,lcsh:RA1190-1270 ,Materials Testing ,Animals ,Humans ,Distribution (pharmacology) ,Tissue Distribution ,Tissue distribution ,Particle Size ,Rats, Wistar ,lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons ,Random allocation ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Research ,Silver Compounds ,Silver acetate ,General Medicine ,Rats ,Dose–response relationship ,chemistry ,Female ,lcsh:HD7260-7780.8 ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Background The study investigated the distribution of silver after 28 days repeated oral administration of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver acetate (AgAc) to rats. Oral administration is a relevant route of exposure because of the use of silver nanoparticles in products related to food and food contact materials. Results AgNPs were synthesized with a size distribution of 14 ± 4 nm in diameter (90% of the nanoparticle volume) and stabilized in aqueous suspension by the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The AgNPs remained stable throughout the duration of the 28-day oral toxicity study in rats. The organ distribution pattern of silver following administration of AgNPs and AgAc was similar. However the absolute silver concentrations in tissues were lower following oral exposure to AgNPs. This was in agreement with an indication of a higher fecal excretion following administration of AgNPs. Besides the intestinal system, the largest silver concentrations were detected in the liver and kidneys. Silver was also found in the lungs and brain. Autometallographic (AMG) staining revealed a similar cellular localization of silver in ileum, liver, and kidney tissue in rats exposed to AgNPs or AgAc. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanosized granules were detected in the ileum of animals exposed to AgNPs or AgAc and were mainly located in the basal lamina of the ileal epithelium and in lysosomes of macrophages within the lamina propria. Using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy it was shown that the granules in lysosomes consisted of silver, selenium, and sulfur for both AgNP and AgAc exposed rats. The diameter of the deposited granules was in the same size range as that of the administered AgNPs. No silver granules were detected by TEM in the liver. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the organ distribution of silver was similar when AgNPs or AgAc were administered orally to rats. The presence of silver granules containing selenium and sulfur in the intestinal wall of rats exposed to either of the silver forms suggests a common mechanism of their formation. Additional studies however, are needed to gain further insight into the underlying mechanisms of the granule formation, and to clarify whether AgNPs dissolve in the gastrointestinal system and/or become absorbed and translocate as intact nanoparticles to organs and tissues.
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105. Effects of zinc supplementation and zinc chelation on in vitro β-cell function in INS-1E cells
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Kamille Smidt, Agnete Larsen, Jørgen Rungby, Sanne Bjørn Nygaard, and Astrid Knuhtsen
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β –cell ,Transcription, Genetic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Apoptosis ,Insulin Secretion ,TPEN ,Insulin ,Metallothionein ,Cation Transport Proteins ,Chelating Agents ,Medicine(all) ,Chelation ,Diabetes ,Zinc transporter ,General Medicine ,Ethylenediamines ,Zinc ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell Division ,Intracellular ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DNA, Complementary ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Zinc Transporter 8 ,In Vitro Techniques ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell Line ,Islets of Langerhans ,Necrosis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Secretion ,RNA, Messenger ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Cell growth ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Pancreatic islets ,INS-1E cells ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Background Zinc is essential for the activities of pancreatic β-cells, especially insulin storage and secretion. Insulin secretion leads to co-release of zinc which contributes to the paracrine communication in the pancreatic islets. Zinc-transporting proteins (zinc-regulated transporter, iron-regulated transporter-like proteins [ZIPs] and zinc transporters [ZnTs]) and metal-buffering proteins (metallothioneins, MTs) tightly regulate intracellular zinc homeostasis. The present study investigated how modulation of cellular zinc availability affects β-cell function using INS-1E cells. Results Using INS-1E cells, we found that zinc supplementation and zinc chelation had significant effects on insulin content and insulin secretion. Supplemental zinc within the physiological concentration range induced insulin secretion. Insulin content was reduced by zinc chelation with N,N,N’,N-tektrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine. The changes in intracellular insulin content following exposure to various concentrations of zinc were reflected by changes in the expression patterns of MT-1A, ZnT-8, ZnT-5, and ZnT-3. Furthermore, high zinc concentrations induced cell necrosis while zinc chelation induced apoptosis. Finally, cell proliferation was sensitive to changes in zinc the concentration. Conclusion These results indicate that the β-cell-like function and survival of INS-1E cells are dependent on the surrounding zinc concentrations. Our results suggest that regulation of zinc homeostasis could represent a pharmacological target.
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106. Different survival of three populations of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) following challenge with two variants of nervous necrosis virus (NNV)
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Sofie Barsøe, François Allal, Alain Vergnet, Marc Vandeputte, Niels Jørgen Olesen, Jacob Günther Schmidt, Cathrine Agnete Larsen, Argelia Cuenca, and Niccolò Vendramin
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Nervous necrosis virus ,Betanodavirus ,Viral enchephalo- and retinopathy ,Genetic resistance ,Host-pathogen interaction ,Sea bass ,Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling ,SH1-691 - Abstract
Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN, also called viral encephalo- and retinopathy (VER)), is a widespread disease of marine aquaculture caused by betanodavirus (or nervous necrosis virus - NNV), a segmented positive sense RNA virus, member of the nodaviridae family. VNN affects predominantly marine fish and cause significant losses to the Mediterranean fish farming industry, including the production of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Of the four circulating genotypes of betanodavirus, red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV) and the reassortant genotype red-spotted grouper/striped jack NNV (RG/SJNNV) are most prevalent in the Mediterranean. Inheritable resistance against VNN has been detected in sea bass, and selective breeding could be a mean to limit this untreatable disease. In the current study, we compare resistance to disease among three populations from the Atlantic Ocean (AT), Eastern Mediterranean (EM) and Western Mediterranean (WM), by challenge trials using both a highly pathogenic isolate of RGNNV and a lower pathogenic reassortant isolate of RG/SJNNV. The survival of the three populations were modelled with a logistic regression, and the odds ratio (OR) of surviving was calculated. The challenge with RG/SJNNV reduced the odds of surviving three-fold (OR = 0.29 [0.07-0.87]), whereas the challenge with RGNNV reduced the odds of surviving 100-fold (OR = 0.01 [0.00-0.03]). Overall, the EM population had 3.32 (1.92–5.86) times higher odds of surviving the challenge than the AT and WM stocks. All survivors were harboring viral RNA in the brain, as demonstrated by RT-qPCR. However, viral RNA levels were in average lower in survivors from the EM population in both challenges, though only significantly lower in the challenge with RG/SJNNV (p < 0.01). The survival results combined with the RT-qPCR results indicate that the EM sea bass population has a natural resistance to disease caused by RGNNV, possibly associated with limited viral entry into and/or replication in the brain.
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- 2021
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107. 'Falling off the wagon': older adults’ experiences of living with frailty in rural arctic communities
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Lena Bjerkmo, Ann Karin Helgesen, Toril Agnete Larsen, and Bodil H. Blix
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frailty ,older adults ,ageing in place ,arctic communities ,rural communities ,interview ,longitudinal ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 - Abstract
Most populations around the world are ageing. The proportion of older adults in the population is larger and is growing more rapidly in rural communities than in urban areas. Longevity increases the risk of frailty. Our aim was to explore how single-living frail older adults experience living with frailty in everyday life in rural Arctic areas. Over eight months, we conducted a series of three interviews with eight older adults identified as frail by home care services in two rural municipalities in northern Norway. We conducted a thematic analysis. We generated three themes. Frailty as a dynamic phenomenon indicated that the participants’ experiences of frailty varied over time. Frailty as part of old age referred to the findings that many participants tried to adapt to the changing circumstances, while others found it more challenging to accept the experienced limitations. Frailty in a rural Arctic context concerned the findings that the rural Arctic environment affected the participants’ experiences of frailty due to its long, snowy winters; long distances between communities and municipal centres; and out-migration. Our results demonstrate that frailty is a consequence of the interplay between ageing persons and their physical and social environments.
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- 2021
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108. Forebyggende og helsefremmende hjemmebesøk for eldre. Sykepleieres erfaringer og vurderinger
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Pedersen, Eirin Sofie and Toril Agnete, Larsen
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VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nursing science: 808 ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Sykepleievitenskap: 808 - Abstract
Forebyggende og helsefremmende hjemmebesøk for eldre er et tilbud for eldre som i utgangspunktet ikke har andre tjenester fra helse- og omsorg. Norge har praktisert FHB siden 1980- tallet, men i varierende grad i kommunene. Felles for de fleste FHB er at samtalen er rettet mot hva den enkelte selv kan gjøre for å opprettholde god helse, funksjonsevne og sosial deltakelse. Hensikten med studien er å få en dypere forståelse av hvordan sykepleiere arbeider med FHB, hvilke vurderinger de gjør og hvordan de erfarer FHB. Slik kunnskap kan komme til nytte for kommuner som holder på med FHB og for de kommuner som er i oppstartsfasen av et slikt tilbud. I studien anvendes kvalitativ metode, der seks sykepleiere ble intervjuet. Funn i studien viser at kompleksiteten av FHB er stor og at det er mange elementer som medvirker til hvordan tilbudet organiseres og utføres i kommunene.
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- 2020
109. Å lede fram læring og kompetanseutvikling blant ansatte spredt for alle vinder. Det umuliges kunst? En kvalitativ studie om mellomlederes muligheter til å legge til rette for læring og kompetanseutvikling i hjemmetjenesten
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Børresen, Camilla and Toril Agnete, Larsen
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VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800 ,HEL-3904 ,VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800 - Abstract
Bakgrunn og hensikt: I denne studien utforsker jeg mellomlederes muligheter til å legge til rette for læring og kompetanseutvikling i hjemmetjenesten. Hjemmetjenesten skiller seg fra sykehjem og andre institusjoner ved at de ansatte jobber alene store deler av døgnet. På grunn av dette fremstår hjemmetjenesten som læringsarena spesielt sårbar. Hensikten med denne studien er å skaffe kunnskap om hvordan mellomlederne arbeider for å legge til rette for læring og kompetanseutvikling. Videre undersøkes hvilken kunnskap mellomlederne opplever at deres ansatte trenger å utvikle. Problemstilling: Hvordan kan mellomledere i hjemmetjenesten legge til rette for læring og kompetanseutvikling for ansatte? Metode: Studien er inspirert av en filosofisk hermeneutisk tilnærming for å utvikle forståelse. Forskningstilnærmingen er kvalitativ, og data er innhentet ved hjelp av fire semistrukturerte intervju. Systematisk tekstkondensering er benyttet som verktøy i analyseprosessen. Resultater: Studien viser at mellomlederne i hjemmetjenesten leder store og komplekse avdelinger. De må utvikle kompetanse på mange områder da pasientene har varierte diagnoser og sammensatte utfordringer. Det er størst behov for å øke kompetansen for å ivareta alvorlig syke i hjemmet, og for å øke kompetansen for å ivareta hjemmeboende eldre. Studien viser at de eldre er en spesielt sårbar gruppe i hjemmetjenesten. Ansatte jobber sjelden sammen dersom det ikke er direkte knyttet til praktisk opplæring. Mesterlæringen blir av den grunn svak. Innsatsstyrt finansiering begrenser læring og kompetanseutvikling. Modellen legger føringer for et stramt budsjett, hvor direkte utøvd brukertid i all hovedsak finansieres. Den gir lite økonomisk rom for å drive utviklingsarbeid. Konklusjon: Omsorg for pasientene er drivkraft i ansattes læring. Og den beste læringen skjer i pasientens hjem. Mellomlederen må være deltakende i læringsmiljøet for å fremme læring og kompetanseutvikling i egen avdeling. Nøkkelord: Læring. Kompetanseutvikling. Praksis. Hjemmetjeneste. Ledelse.
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- 2015
110. Døgnrytme og sengeopphold i sykehjem. Pleieres refleksjoner om forhold som påvirker sykehjemsbeboeres døgnrytme og sengeopphold, og hvordan selvbestemmelsen kommer til utrykk i dette
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Hagen, Kjersti and Toril Agnete, Larsen
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VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Nursing science: 808 ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Sykepleievitenskap: 808 ,HEL-3904 - Abstract
Bakgrunn for studien og studiens hensikt: Gjennom arbeid på sykehjem har jeg erfart at sykehjemsbeboere ofte har redusert med- og selvbestemmelse rundt døgnrytme og sengeopphold. I tilknytning til dette har jeg undret meg på hvorvidt det gjøres skjønnsmessige og faglige vurderinger for hvorfor en beboer legges eller taes opp. Ønske om bevisstgjøring rundt emnet, danner bakgrunn for studien som denne oppgaven bygger på. Hensikten med studien min var å få mer kunnskap om hvilke refleksjoner pleiere gjør rundt forhold som påvirker døgnrytmen og sengeopphold på sykehjem i Norge, og hvordan selvbestemmelsen kommer til uttrykk i dette. Problemstilling: Hvilke forhold påvirker sykehjemsbeboeres døgnrytme og sengeopphold, og hvordan kommer selvbestemmelsen til uttrykk i dette? Teoretisk referanseramme: Teorikapittelet starter med teori om den aldrende pasientens endringer og behov tilknyttet døgnrytme, sengeopphold, søvn og hvile. Videre følger teori om sykehjem som hjem eller institusjon, autonomi og faglig skjønn. Forskningen omhandler blant annet forhold som påvirker sykehjemsbeboeres døgnrytme og sengeopphold, samt selvbestemmelse angående dette. Forskningen spenner i tidsrom fra 1997 til 2014, er både kvalitativ og kvantiativ (også kombinasjon innad i enkelte studier) og fra Norge og andre land. Metode: Studien har en kvalitativ tilnærming, med bruk av dybdeintervju som hovedkilde til datainnsamling. Fire hjelpepleiere fra en langidsavdeling ble intervjuet. Datamaterialet ble analysert med en hermenetisk innfallsvinkel og en egen analysevei inspirert av både Tjora og Malterud. Funn: Studien viser at det er fire hovedtema som representerer forhold som påvirker sykehjemsbeboeres døgnrytme og sengeopphold; 1) grunnleggende behov, 2) organisatoriske og systembetingede forhold, 3) alder og helsetiltsand, og 4) pleiere og annet nettverk. Organisatoriske og systembetingede forhold tar òg for seg sykehjem som hjem hvor beboeren er i fokus, og selvbestemmelsen rundt døgnrytme og sengeopphold ser ut til å være stor. Overordnet funn viser likevel kompleksiteten i hvordan forholdene påvirker hverandre, slik at selvbestemmelsen ikke nødvendigvis alltid legges til grunn for avgjørelser rundt beboernes sengeopphold og døgnrytme. Konklusjon: Studien viser kompleksitet rundt forhold som påvirker sykehjemsbeboeres døgnrytme og sengeopphold. Selvbestemmelsen er derfor ikke alltid er styrende i avgjørelser rundt døgnrytme og sengeopphold, selv om ønske og holdning til å fremme dette ligger til grunn hos pleiere. Kompleksiteten viser i tillegg behovet for at pleiere gjør gode skjønnsmessige vurderinger, når de i en hektisk arbeidshverdag skal prøve å imøtekomme sykehjemsbeboeres ulike preferanser og behov. Studien kan bidra til bevisstgjøring rundt sykehjemsbeboeres rett på selvbestemmelse, her eksplisitt uttrykt rundt døgnrytme og sengeopphold. Videre forskning kan undersøke beboeres refleksjoner om forhold som påvirker døgnrytme og sengeopphold i norske sykehjem, eksempelvis ved å undersøke nærmere funn om aktivitetsnivå. Det kunne også være interessant å gå i dybden på hva pleiere legger til grunn for faglige vurderinger hos den aldrende pasient. Nøkkelord: Sykehjemsbeboer, døgnrytme, sengeopphold, selvbestemmelse, faglig skjønn
- Published
- 2015
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