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Abstract: In this paper we describe an acoustic transceiver developed for the KM3NeT positioning system. The acoustic transceiver is composed of a commercial free flooded transducer, which works mainly in the 20–40kHz frequency range and withstands high pressures (up to 500 bars). A sound emission board was developed that is adapted to the characteristics of the transducer and meets all requirements: low power consumption, high intensity of emission, low intrinsic noise, arbitrary signals for emission and the capacity of acquiring the receiving signals with very good timing precision. The results of the different tests made with the transceiver in the laboratory and shallow sea water are described, as well as, the activities for its integration in the Instrumentation Line of the ANTARES neutrino telescope and in a NEMO tower for the in situ tests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES detector (Ageron et al., 2011 [1]) is the largest deep sea underwater neutrino telescope in operation. The apparatus comprises a matrix of 885 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) which detect the Cherenkov light emitted by the charged leptons produced in the charged current interactions of high energy neutrinos with the matter inside or near the detector. Reconstruction of the muon track and energy can be achieved using the time, position and charge information of the hits arriving to the PMTs. A good calibration of the detector is necessary in order to ensure its optimal performance. This contribution reviews the different calibration systems and methods developed by the ANTARES Collaboration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ANTARES is a neutrino detector based on a three-dimensional grid of photomultipliers tubes (PMT's) arranged in several detection lines anchored to the seabed at depth of 2.5km in the Mediterranean Sea (40km off the Toulon coast in France), its main physics goal is the reconstruction and identification of high energy neutrinos of extra-terrestrial origin. The PMT's register the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic charged leptons produced by the interaction of neutrinos with material in the detector surroundings. The propagation of Cherenkov light strongly depends on the optical properties of the sea water, the understanding of which is crucial in order to achieve the expected detector performance. To reach the ANTARES physics goals, good time and positioning calibration systems are required. The ANTARES optical beacon system consists of a set of pulsed light sources strategically located throughout the detector. The system is mainly used for time calibration but can also be used as a tool to study the water optical properties and their stability. In this contribution we will present the current status of our measurements of the group velocity and transmission length of light carried out between 2008 and 2011. A set of water models strategically defined will be discussed as well as some preliminary results concerning track reconstruction parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The comparison of simulated and real data in the Antares experiment shows some discrepancies. Differences are observed in the charge distribution of background hits, in the trigger efficiency, and in the counting rate of 40K decay induced events. These discrepancies must be understood to improve data analysis. It turns out that most of the simulated/real data mismatch can be explained by a undetailed description of the PMT response in the simulations. PMT parameters such as late pulses, afterpulses and angular acceptance have been reviewed and when necessary measurements of these parameters have been carried out using Antares PMTs and optical modules. In addition a more detailed simulation of the angular acceptance of the Antares optical module has been performed. Results of these studies are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report on the search for magnetic monopoles and nuclearites with the ANTARES experiment, using data collected in 2007 and 2008. Both magnetic monopoles and nuclearites are expected to produce a large signal inside the detector. The analysis of data yielded no exotic candidates, and upper limits were set on the flux of fast upgoing magnetic monopoles and of slow downgoing nuclearites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The energy reconstruction of both neutrino-induced muons from neutrino interactions in the vicinity of the detector and of muons from cosmic ray air showers contributes indispensable information for a broad range of physics analyses, e.g. by increasing the sensitivity in neutrino point source searches or in offering access to observables such as the atmospheric neutrino spectrum. Currently, four energy reconstruction methods are implemented in the ANTARES data analysis framework, ranging from estimates based on photon counting and the total charge deposited in the detector to methods based on probability density functions and Artificial Neural Networks. These four methods, their performance and systematic studies of the energy resolution capabilities of the ANTARES detector are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Reconstruction of neutrino-induced showers, initiated by neutral-current interactions, can extend the sensitivity of the ANTARES detector to all neutrino flavors. A major challenge in reconstructing showers is their selection from an overwhelming background of down-going atmospheric muons. We have developed a shower selection strategy in order to select up-going showers with high efficiency and purity. We have tuned the selection strategy on Monte-Carlo simulations containing the proper amount of background and atmospheric neutrino-induced showers. The obtained results indicate an efficiency of 21% with a purity better than 90% for the shower selection. We applied the selection strategy to ANTARES experimental data and observed a satisfactory performance of the discriminating variables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES telescope observes a full hemisphere of the sky all the time with a duty cycle close to 100%. This makes it well suited for an extensive observation of neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources. In the surrounding medium of blazars, i.e. active galactic nuclei with their jets pointing almost directly toward the observer, neutrinos may be produced together with gamma-rays by hadronic interactions, so a strong correlation between neutrinos and gamma-rays emissions is expected. The time variability information of the studied source can be obtained by the gamma-ray light curves measured by the LAT instrument on-board the Fermi satellite. If the expected neutrino flux observation is reduced to a narrow window around the assumed neutrino production period, the point-source sensitivity can be drastically improved. The ANTARES data collected in 2008 has been analyzed looking for neutrinos detected in the high state period of 10 bright and variable Fermi sources assuming that the neutrino emission follows the gamma-ray light curves. First results show a sensitivity improvement by a factor 2–3 with respect to a standard time-integrated point source search. The analysis has been done with an unbinned method based on the minimization of a likelihood ratio applied to data corresponding to a live time of 60 days. The width of the flaring periods ranges from 1 to 20 days. Despite the fact that the most significant studied source is compatible with background fluctuations, recently detected flares promise interesting future analyze. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The data taken with ANTARES from 2007 to 2010 with a total lifetime of 863 days have been analysed in view of a possible neutrino oscillation signal. The flux of vertical upward going muon neutrinos should be completely suppressed at energies of 24GeV due to neutrino oscillations. A dedicated algorithm is used, which allows the reliable reconstruction of muon tracks with energies as low as 20GeV. The oscillation signal is extracted by comparing two event samples: a low energy sample of vertical upward going tracks seen on a single detector line and a higher energetic set of more isotropic events seen on several detector lines. First results of the measurements of the oscillation parameters are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Results of a time-integrated search for astrophysical high-energy neutrinos are presented using data collected from January 2007 to December 2010 with the ANTARES neutrino telescope. An unbinned likelihood ratio method is used to search for signal events. The final sample consists of 3058 events. Simulations estimate 84% to be neutrinos, while the rest are mis-reconstructed atmospheric muons. A full sky survey as well as a search on a pre-defined list of candidate objects was performed. No evidence for a signal is found and neutrino flux upper limits have been obtained. The neutrino flux sensitivity is for the part of the sky that is always visible (declination ) which corresponds to almost a factor 3 better than the previous search. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ANTARES is the first neutrino telescope in the sea. It consists of a three-dimensional array of 885 photomultipliers to collect the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic muons produced in CC interactions of high energy neutrinos. One of the main scientific goals of the experiment is the search for dark matter. We present here the analysis of data taken during 2007 and 2008 to look for a WIMP signal in the Sun. WIMPs are one of the most popular scenarios to explain the dark matter content of the Universe. They would accumulate in massive objects like the Sun or the Galactic Center and their self-annihilation would produce (directly or indirectly) high energy neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes. Contrary to other indirect searches (like with gamma rays or positrons), the search for neutrinos in the Sun is free from other astrophysical contributions, so the interpretation of a potential signal in terms of dark matter is much more robust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We review the status and results of the high energy neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere, namely ANTARES and Baikal (NT200+). After a brief introduction to Neutrino Astronomy, we describe these telescopes in their past and present configurations and report briefly on the results obtained in several areas, such as the search for high energy cosmic neutrino diffuse fluxes and point sources, the indirect search for dark matter, the multimessenger studies and the search for exotic particles, such as monopoles and nuclearites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The mass-loss mechanism in red supergiants is a long-standing problem. The milliarcsecond angular resolution achieved by infrared long-baseline interferometry provides us with the only way to spatially resolve the region where the material is accelerated. For this goal, the 2.3 µm CO lines are important, because they form in the upper photosphere and the outer atmosphere (so-called MOLsphere). We present high-spatial and high-spectral resolution observations of the 20.30 pm CO lines in the red supergiants Betelgeuse and Antares using the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). This has enabled us to spatially resolve the gas dynamics in the photosphere (and the MOLsphere) for the first time other than the Sun. We have detected vigorous motions of large CO gas clumps with velocities of up to 20-30 km s-1. Comparison of the CO line data taken 1 year apart shows a significant change in the dynamics of the atmosphere. In contrast to the CO line data, the continuum data reveal no or only marginal time variations. The observationally estimated gas density in the outer atmosphere at 1.3 1.4 R. is higher than the values predicted by the current 3-D convection simulations by 6 to 11 orders of magnitude. Therefore, at the moment, convection alone cannot explain the detected vigorous gas motions in the extended outer atmosphere of Betelgeuse and Antares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The 2MV tandem accelerator named ‘STAR’ was installed at ANSTO in 2003 and commissioned in 2004. It is used for ion beam analysis (IBA) and for radiocarbon measurements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Convenient space for the accelerator was found in the same building occupied by the decommissioned Argonaut-class nuclear reactor ‘Moata’; the name derives from the aboriginal word for ‘fire stick’ or ‘gentle fire’, appropriate for a 100kW research reactor. This reactor operated between 1961 and 1995. In 2007 ANSTO’s Engineering Division assembled a team to dismantle and remove the reactor structure, along with its 12.1tonnes of graphite reflector. The removal and remediation was completed in November 2010 and has won the team a number of prestigious awards. The entire operation was conducted inside a negatively-pressurised double-walled vinyl tent. An air curtain was positioned around the reactor core. The exhaust air from the tent passed through 2-stage HEPA filters before venting through an external stack. Neither ANSTO staff nor contractors received any significant radiation dose during the operation. Given the sensitivity of STAR for detection of 14C/12C (∼10−16) and the numerous routes for production of 14C in the reactor such as 13C(n,γ)14C, 14N(n,p)14C and 17O(n,α)14C there was the potential to directly contaminate the STAR environment with 14C. Furthermore, there was concern that reactor-14C could find its way from this building into the building where the radiocarbon sample preparation laboratories are located. This necessitated restrictions on staff movement between the buildings. We report on 14C control measurements made during and after the operation. These involved direct measurements on the reactor graphite and concrete bioshield, blank targets that were exposed in the building, swipe samples taken inside the tent and around the building and aerosol samples that were collected inside the building throughout the operation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope consists of a three dimensional array of photomultipliers to detect the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic charged particles originating from neutrino interactions in the vicinity of the detector. It was completed in 2008 and is taking data smoothly since then. The large scattering length of light in the deep sea allows for an angular resolution of a few tenths of a degree for neutrino energies exceeding 10 TeV. In order to achieve this optimal performance, the time calibration systems should ensure a measurement of the relative time offsets between the photomultipliers at the level of about 1ns. The time calibration is performed through different systems/procedures: the on-shore calibration in a dark room, the echo-based clock system, the internal LEDs, the Optical Beacon systems and the potassium-40 present in the water. In this contribution, the methods developed to attain the needed level of precision and the results obtained with the data taken in situ will be shown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Temperature is the most important factor in regulating the germination of nondormant seeds at the beginning of the growth season. The present study was conducted to produce simple regression models to predict how temperature affects the time it takes for 50% of a selection of flax seeds to germinate. R-square (r²) values of regression coefficients of the equations established for flax cultivars varied from 0.899 (Antares) to 0.886 (Bionda). The optimum temperature for the time to germination for both cultivars was calculated using the coefficients obtained from the regression models. The optimum temperatures were found to be between 22.10 and 22.05 °C for Antares and Bionda, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: ANTARES is currently the largest operating neutrino telescope located in the Northern Hemisphere. The main goal of ANTARES is to detect high energy neutrinos that are expected from cosmic ray acceleration sites. The construction of ANTARES was completed in 2008. It consists of 12 lines deployed at 2475m depth offshore from Toulon. Data are continuously taken by 885 photo-multipliers that detect the Cherenkov light induced by relativistic charge particles reaching the detector. The status of the experiment will be discussed, together with the latest results including searches for a diffuse high-energy cosmic neutrino flux and for neutrinos from point-like sources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The data taken with the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2010, a total live time of 863 days, are used to measure the oscillation parameters of atmospheric neutrinos. Muon tracks are reconstructed with energies as low as 20 GeV. Neutrino oscillations will cause a suppression of vertical upgoing muon neutrinos of such energies crossing the Earth. The parameters determining the oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos are extracted by fitting the event rate as a function of the ratio of the estimated neutrino energy and reconstructed flight path through the Earth. Measurement contours of the oscillation parameters in a two-flavour approximation are derived. Assuming maximal mixing, a mass difference of is obtained, in good agreement with the world average value. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES telescope is well-suited to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources as it can observe a full hemisphere of the sky at all times with a high duty cycle. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei with jets pointing almost directly towards the observer, the so-called blazars, are particularly attractive potential neutrino point sources. The all-sky monitor LAT on board the Fermi satellite probes the variability of any given gamma-ray bright blazar in the sky on time scales of hours to months. Assuming hadronic models, a strong correlation between the gamma-ray and the neutrino fluxes is expected. Selecting a narrow time window on the assumed neutrino production period can significantly reduce the background. An unbinned method based on the minimization of a likelihood ratio was applied to a subsample of data collected in 2008 (61days live time). By searching for neutrinos during the high state periods of the AGN light curve, the sensitivity to these sources was improved by about a factor of two with respect to a standard time-integrated point source search. First results on the search for neutrinos associated with ten bright and variable Fermi sources are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Fruit quality has been described as a property that depends on many factors. Harvest time is one such factor, described as negatively affecting the fruit quality of peaches and nectarines when carried out at early stages of maturity. In order to assess this, fruit from peach cultivars ‘2B40’, ‘Elegant Lady’ and ‘Sweet September’, and nectarine cultivars ‘Antares’ and ‘5A29’ were harvested at three maturity levels, based on ground skin colour (M1 = green-yellow, M2 = pale yellow and M3 = yellow), and evaluated at harvest and after a ripening period. Evaluations included instrumental characterization, sensorial analysis and e-nose. Flesh firmness was the parameter that best segregated the three maturity levels. Sensorial attributes and acceptability did not show differences between stages of maturity, while e-nose data clustered M1, M2 and M3 into different groups. These results suggest that the maturity level at harvest, within the range evaluated in this research, does not affect the sensory quality of the product, in spite of the aroma assessed with an e-nose revealing differences among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Magnetic monopoles are predicted in various unified gauge models and could be produced at intermediate mass scales. Their detection in a neutrino telescope is facilitated by the large amount of light emitted compared to that from muons. This paper reports on a search for upgoing relativistic magnetic monopoles with the ANTARES neutrino telescope using a data set of 116days of live time taken from December 2007 to December 2008. The one observed event is consistent with the expected atmospheric neutrino and muon background, leading to a 90% C.L. upper limit on the monopole flux between 1.3×10−17 and 8.9×10−17 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 for monopoles with velocity β ⩾0.625. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The group velocity of light has been measured at eight different wavelengths between 385nm and 532nm in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of about 2.2km with the ANTARES optical beacon systems. A parametrisation of the dependence of the refractive index on wavelength based on the salinity, pressure and temperature of the sea water at the ANTARES site is in good agreement with these measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources. Potential sources include gamma-ray bursts, core collapse supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. To enhance the sensitivity of ANTARES to such sources, a new detection method based on coincident observations of neutrinos and optical signals has been developed. A fast online muon track reconstruction is used to trigger a network of small automatic optical telescopes. Such alerts are generated for special events, such as two or more neutrinos, coincident in time and direction, or single neutrinos of very high energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES detector is the world''s first operating deep-sea neutrino telescope. It is located at a depth of 2475m in the Mediterranean Sea, close to Toulon, France. ANTARES comprises a three-dimensional array of 885 photomultipliers, designed to detect the Cherenkov light produced by neutrino-induced muons passing close to the detector. Since June 2008, the construction of the detector is complete. Various aspects of the detector construction are described and the methods adopted to calibrate in situ the efficiency, timing and positioning of the detector are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope comprises a three-dimensional array of photomultipliers to detect the Cherenkov light induced by upgoing relativistic charged particles originating from neutrino interactions in the vicinity of the detector. The large scattering length of light in the deep sea facilitates an angular resolution of a few tenths of a degree for neutrino energies exceeding 10TeV. In order to achieve this optimal performance, the time calibration procedures should ensure a relative time calibration between the photomultipliers at the level of ∼1ns. The methods developed to attain this level of precision are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A search for a diffuse flux of astrophysical muon neutrinos, using data collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. A sr sky was monitored for a total of 334 days of equivalent live time. The searched signal corresponds to an excess of events, produced by astrophysical sources, over the expected atmospheric neutrino background. The observed number of events is found compatible with the background expectation. Assuming an flux spectrum, a 90% c.l. upper limit on the diffuse flux of in the energy range 20 TeV–2.5 PeV is obtained. Other signal models with different energy spectra are also tested and some rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The AMADEUS (ANTARES Modules for the Acoustic Detection Under the Sea) system which is described in this article aims at the investigation of techniques for acoustic detection of neutrinos in the deep sea. It is integrated into the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. Its acoustic sensors, installed at water depths between 2050 and 2300m, employ piezo-electric elements for the broad-band recording of signals with frequencies ranging up to 125kHz. The typical sensitivity of the sensors is around −145dBre1V/ (including preamplifier). Completed in May 2008, AMADEUS consists of six “acoustic clusters”, each comprising six acoustic sensors that are arranged at distances of roughly 1m from each other. Two vertical mechanical structures (so-called lines) of the ANTARES detector host three acoustic clusters each. Spacings between the clusters range from 14.5 to 340m. Each cluster contains custom-designed electronics boards to amplify and digitise the acoustic signals from the sensors. An on-shore computer cluster is used to process and filter the data stream and store the selected events. The daily volume of recorded data is about 10GB. The system is operating continuously and automatically, requiring only little human intervention. AMADEUS allows for extensive studies of both transient signals and ambient noise in the deep sea, as well as signal correlations on several length scales and localisation of acoustic point sources. Thus the system is excellently suited to assess the background conditions for the measurement of the bipolar pulses expected to originate from neutrino interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a gamma-ray down-going induced muon analysis combining the Gamma-ray bursts Coordinates Network (which announces a possible GRB event) with a blind strategy. The goal of this analysis is to find an astrophysical source through the ability of distinguishing between a real alert (signal) and a fake one (background), through comparisons between the position of an Antares event and the position of the alert, leading us to a better understanding of gamma-ray bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper we report on the data recorded with the first Antares detector line. The line was deployed on the 14th of February 2006 and was connected to the readout 2 weeks later. Environmental data for one and a half years of running are shown. Measurements of atmospheric muons from data taken from selected runs during the first 6 months of operation are presented. Performance figures in terms of time residuals and angular resolution are given. Finally the angular distribution of atmospheric muons is presented and from this the depth profile of the muon intensity is derived. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The use of conventional neutrino telescope methods and technology for detecting neutrinos with energies above 1EeV from astrophysical sources would be prohibitively expensive and may turn out to be technically not feasible. Acoustic detection is a promising alternative for future deep-sea neutrino telescopes operating in this energy regime. It utilises the effect that the energy deposit of the particle cascade evolving from a neutrino interaction in water generates a coherently emitted sound wave with frequency components in the range between about 1 and 50kHz. The AMADEUS (Antares Modules for Acoustic DEtection Under the Sea) project is integrated into the ANTARES neutrino telescope and aims at the investigation of techniques for acoustic particle detection in sea water. The acoustic sensors of AMADEUS are using piezo elements and are recording a broad-band signal with frequencies ranging up to 125kHz. After an introduction to acoustic neutrino detection it will be shown how an acoustic array similar to AMADEUS can be used for positioning as well as acoustic particle detection. Experience from AMADEUS and possibilities for a future large scale neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea will be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article offers a paper which depicts the discovery among historians that some historically recorded events concerning "Mars staying at Antares" did not happen at all. It mentions that the paper suggests that the events could be explained by a nova explosion of the companion star of Antares which is the blue dwarf. It is stated that the oracle bone inscriptions on the new big star escorts Antares can be explained as a new big star was united into the Antares.

Abstract: This article shows some of the first data from the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope. At the present time (summer 2007) five detector lines are in operation making ANTARES the largest Neutrino Telescope in the northern hemisphere. This report describes the ANTARES project, gives the present status as well as some of the early results obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A full-scale mechanical prototype line was deployed to a depth of 2500m to test the leak tightness of the electronics containers and the pressure-resistant properties of an electromechanical cable under evaluation for use in the ANTARES deep-sea neutrino telescope. During a month-long immersion study, line parameter data were taken using miniature autonomous data loggers and shore-based optical time domain reflectometry. Details of the mechanical prototype line, the electromechanical cable and data acquisition are presented. Data taken during the immersion study revealed deficiencies in the pressure resistance of the electromechanical cable terminations at the entry points to the electronics containers. The improvements to the termination, which have been integrated into subsequent detection lines, are discussed. The line also allowed deep-sea acoustic measurements with a prototype hydrophone system. The technical setup of this system is described, and the first results of the data analysis are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This article reports on the status of the ANTARES Neutrino Telescope project as of November 2005. The highlights of the activities during 2005 are the deployment and operation of an instrumentation line which has been taking data since April 2005 and the deployment of a complete mechanical test line in the spring of 2005. The first data from the operation of the instrumentation line is presented. The status report gives the plans for the construction of the full ANTARES detector which is planned for completion in 2007. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The observation of high-energy extraterrestrial neutrinos is one of the most promising future options to increase our knowledge on non-thermal processes in the universe. Neutrinos are e.g. unavoidably produced in environments where high-energy hadrons collide; in particular this almost certainly must be true in the astrophysical accelerators of cosmic rays, which thus could be identified unambiguously by sky observations in “neutrino light”. On the one hand, neutrinos are ideal messengers for astrophysical observations since they are not deflected by electromagnetic fields and interact so weakly that they are able to escape even from very dense production regions and traverse large distances in the universe without attenuation. On the other hand, their weak interaction poses a significant problem for detecting neutrinos. Huge target masses up to gigatons must be employed, requiring to instrument natural abundances of media such as sea water or Antarctic ice. The first generation of such neutrino telescopes is taking data or will do so in the near future, while the second-generation projects with cubic-kilometre sizes are under construction or being prepared. This report focuses on status and prospects of current (ANTARES, NEMO, NESTOR) and future (KM3NeT) neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The ANTARES Collaboration is constructing a deep underwater neutrino detector for operation at −2400 m off the French Mediterranean coast near Toulon. The detector, which will begin operation in 2004, will have an aperture of ∼0.1 km2, and will contain 900 photomultiplier tubes. The photomultiplier axes will be angled 45° downward toward the seabed to observe the Cherenkov emissions of upward-going muons created by the interactions in or near the detector of high energy neutrinos traversing the Earth. These neutrinos arrive undeviated from a variety of galactic and extragalactic sources of astrophysical interest, and might be produced in the possible annihilation of dark matter neutralinos. The design and present status of the detector are summarized. Results from site evaluation and the development of supporting instrumentation are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]