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Electrodialysis of aqueous solutions of acetic and nitric acids encountered in the industrial practice of deacidification of raw glyoxal solutions has been carried out to investigate the permselectivity of the system. The dependence of the permselectivity coefficient τ on experimental parameters such as flow velocity (V), current density (I), concentration of anions (Ci), etc. has been evaluated. A correlation between τ and the critical parameters has been obtained. Well-known theoretical equations have been used to calculate τ at limiting current density Ilim and as I approaches zero. Calculated results are compared with observed values. Limitations of theoretical procedures when applied to a system containing a weak acid are explained.

Small amounts of purified mango (var. Chaunsa ) anionic and cationic isoperoxidases have been obtained by ion-exchange chromatography. It has been shown that peroxidase activity present in crude extracts of mango pulp is less stable to heat than the enzymic activity of highly purified individual mango isoperoxidases. For the purified isoperoxidases heat-inactivation is still nonlinear. It is suggested that this may be due to microheterogeneity in covalently bound oligosaccharide residues at the molecular level. Isoperoxidase activity did not regenerate after heat treatment of crude mango extracts or purified isoenzymes.

A mango anionic peroxidase isoenzyme (A1) has been purified to homogeneity by salt fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified isolated enzyme was free from contaminating proteins and other isoperoxidases. The molecular weight of A1 was calculated to be approximately 40 000. The major amino acid residues were glycine, serine and glutamic acid, representing approximately 48% of the protein moiety.

The population of India harbors one of the world's most highly diverse gene pools, owing to the influx of successive waves of immigrants over regular periods in time. Several phylogenetic studies involving mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomal variation have demonstrated Europeans to have been the first settlers in India. Nevertheless, certain controversy exists, due to the support given to the thesis that colonization was by the Austro-Asiatic group, prior to the Europeans. Thus, the aim was to investigate pre-historic colonization of India by anatomically modern humans, using conserved stretches of five amino acid (EPIYA) sequences in the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori. Simultaneously, the existence of a pathogenic relationship of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs), in 32 H. pylori strains isolated from subjects with several forms of gastric diseases, was also explored. High resolution sequence analysis of the above described genes was performed. The nucleotide sequences obtained were translated into amino acids using MEGA (version 4.0) software for EPIYA. An MJ-Network was constructed for obtaining TPM haplotypes by using NETWORK (version 4.5) software. The findings of the study suggest that Indian H. pylori strains share a common ancestry with Europeans. No specific association of haplotypes with the outcome of disease was revealed through additional network analysis of TPMs.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the techniques of converting SLAM (Simulation Language for Alternative Modeling) models to Petri Nets and vice versa. Conversion of SLAM models into Petri Nets will allow the modeler to represent complex systems graphically. On the other hand, conversion of Petri Nets into SLAM will result in quick and efficient generation of statistical results with very little programming effort. For demonstration purposes a SLAM model of a simple queuing system has been converted into a PN one and con trasted. A PN model of CPU-IO interaction was converted into SLAM model, where the results obtained usig both tools are shown to be identical.

Transport models and parametric studies of membrane gas permeators for idealized flow patterns, e.g. plug and mixed, are reviewed here. Modeling aspects embracing binary and multicomponent mixtures with and without pressure drop effects are elucidated. Existing analytical and approximate solutions for different models along with their ranges of applicability are presented. The conditions under which nonidealities in flow patterns like longitudinal mixing, boundary layer and radial mixing effects exist are identified and their effects on the validity of the models are discussed. Possible future research needs are also presented.

Approximate methods for predicting the exit compositions and area requirement in gas permeators are useful in the design and comparison of processes. There is a need for better approximate methods owing to certain disadvantages with the existing methods. For the separation of binary mixtures in a permeator with cocurrent or countercurrent contact pattern, two analytical approaches are proposed in this work. One of the methods (the “Operating Line Method” or OLM) assumes a linear relationship between the permeate and feed compositions of the fast permeating component. The second method (the “Driving Force Approximation Method” or DFM) assumes the driving force ( x-γy ) to vary quadratically with the membrane area. The OLM gives an explicit expression for the membrane area in terms of feed and residue compositions, whereas the DFM yields simple algebraic expressions for flow rates and compositions as functions of the membrane area. Results of the parametric studies obtained with the above two methods are compared with the predictions from the series solutions (SS) of Boucif et al. [Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 23 (1984) 470] and the exact solutions of the basic transport equations. The present methods perform much better than or as effectively as the SS method for all ranges of parameters studied. It was found that the membrane area is sensitive not so much to the permeate composition as to the feed and residue compositions, selectivity and pressure ratios, thus confirming the observation made by Pan [AIChEJ., 29 (1983) 545] that transport across the membrane can be described by cross-flow permeation.

Proper analysis and good design are essential for the successful implementation of any computer aided system. The sensitivity of the Tax return system amplifies the significance of analysis and design by many fold. Developed countries have achieved high tax return rates by introducing simple, Internet-based, computer-aided Tax return systems. Valuable insights can be gained by analyzing the tax re- turn systems of the developed countries, which can serve as a base for designing an effective tax return system for an underdeveloped country. In this work we analyze the relative merits and demerits of individual tax return systems in United Kingdom (UK), Canada and Bangladesh. Based on this analysis we propose a design for automating individual tax return system for the National Board of Revenue, Bangladesh.

In a broadcasting task, source node wants to send the same message to all the other nodes in the network. Existing solutions range from connected dominating set (CDS) based for static networks, to blind flooding for moderate mobility, to hyperflooding for highly mobile and frequently partitioned networks. The only existing protocol for all scenarios is based on some threshold parameters (which may be expensive to gather) to locally select between these three solution approaches. Here we propose a new protocol, which adjusts itself to any mobility scenario without using any parameter. Unlike existing methods for highly mobile scenarios, in proposed method, two nodes do not transmit every time they discover each other as new neighbors. Each node maintains a list of two hop neighbors by periodically exchanging 'hello' messages, and decides whether or not it is in CDS. Upon receipt of the first copy of message intended for broadcasting, it selects a waiting timeout and constructs two lists of neighbors: neighbors that received the same message and neighbors that did not receive it. Nodes not in CDS select longer timeouts than nodes in CDS. These lists are updated upon receipt of further copies of same packet. When timeout expires, node retransmits if the list of neighbors in need of message is nonempty. 'Hello' messages received while waiting, or after timeout expiration may revise all lists (and CDS status) and consequently the need to retransmit. This provides a seamless transition of protocol behavior from static to highly mobile scenarios. Our protocol is compared to existing solutions. It was shown to be superior to all of them in number of retransmissions and reliability.

Liquid-velocity profile measurements in the annular region of a jet-loop reactor for a gas liquid system are reported, which facilitate evaluation of local phenomena. The range of variables studied included superficial gas velocities of 0-16 cm · s−1 and superficial liquid velocities of 0-0.6 cm · s−1. The main observations made with respect to the radial profile of axial liquid velocity are: a) a trend reversal in the changeover from a liquid phase system to a gas-liquid system; b) at low gas loading rates of 1-3 cm · s−1 it is insensitive to liquid injection rates; c) at high liquid injection rates it shows a minimum. A correlation has been proposed to predict the circulation Reynolds number for the two-phase system.

Fourth-order cross moments are used in modern digital signal processing as a powerful analytical tool for the synthesis and analysis of signals and systems. Computing fourth-order cross moments from incoming time-series data is computationally intensive process and requires fast computing systems and parallel processing techniques to meet the real time processing requirement. An algorithm based on matrix-matrix product formulation is adopted in this paper. This paper presents an FPGA based design for high-speed computation of fourth-order cross moments. The proposed design is coded in VHDL and functionally verified by implementing it on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA chip. FPGA implementation results are presented. The proposed design operates at a maximum frequency of 101.812 MHz.

Higher-order Statistics (HOS), also known as cumulants, cross moments and their frequency domain counterparts have emerged as a powerful signal processing tool for the synthesis and analysis of signals and systems. The computation of higher-order cross moments is a necessary step towards the estimation of other statistics such as the higher-order cumulants and Wigner Spectra. In this paper, we present FPGA based design for the computation of third-order cross moments. The proposed design is coded in VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and functionally verified by synthesizing it on Xilinx Spartan-3 XC3S2000FG900-4 FPGA chip. FPGA implementation results are presented. The proposed design operates at a maximum frequency of 86.618 MHz.

Effect of combination of two nano-materials: Nano Germanium (NG) and Nano Selenium (NS) on Japanese quails was investigated. Five solutions(treatments) were prepared in such a way that: T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 contained 10 & 5; 15 & 7.5; 20 & 10; 40 & 20 and 75 & 37.5 ppb of NG and NS (combined in each treatments) respectively while the solution: T1 (control) contained only distilled water. Respective solutions (@ 0.5ml/bird) were administered orally to birds daily for eight-weeks continuously. Highest egg production (hen-housed and hen-day) and best FCR (Kg feed per dozen eggs and Kg feed per Kg egg mass) was obtained in the T5, however, no significant difference in egg quality, carcass-traits and immune-competence could be observed between the control and treatments. It was inferred that oral administration of two combined nano-materials used in present study improved overall egg production in quails and the dose combination used in T5 was the best. Administration of the nano-combinations had no adverse effects on egg-quality, carcass-yield, slaughter traits and immune-competence.

Twelve adult male goats (1–1½ years old, 15–20 kg BW) were randomly divided into three groups namely T0, T1 and T2 comprising 4 animals in each group. Ascorbic acid was supplemented orally after dissolving in water @ 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW in T0, T1 and T2 groups, respectively, to see its effect on physiological, haematological and blood biochemical parameters in adult male goats during summer. The ambient temperature, relative humidity and temperature humidity index (THI) ranged from 24.5 to 37.16°C, 47.66 to 77.83% and 72.08 to 85.59, respectively, during the study period. Average rectal temperature (RT), pulse rate (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) ranged from 39.68±0.12 to 40.46±0.13°C; 58.75±1.93 to 72.25±4.20 and 107.33±1.53 to 118.13±1.69, respectively, which were significantly (P

Background: Digestive tract schwannomas (DTS) are rare benign mesenchymal tumours usually affecting females between 30 and 60 years old. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 2 cases of DTS treated at our hospital. The first case is a 38-year-old female with gastric schwannoma presenting with acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding. The second case is a 36-year-old female with mesenteric schwannoma presenting with chronic right iliac fossa pain. Both patients underwent surgical resection of the tumour. Results: Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed the typical appearance of a DTS. Conclusion: DTS is most commonly found in the stomach. It is usually asymptomatic but can present with variable symptoms. Definitive diagnosis can only be made on the basis of immunohistochemistry. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice.

In this paper, a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is proposed which can be tuned by carrying the tuning rules from PID domain to fuzzy domain. As a nonlinear controller can control a nonlinear process more efficiently, fuzzy controller can provide better performance in terms of rise time and smaller overshoot. The proposed controller is evaluated using some simulations. The simulation results show that both the transitory performance and the steady state performance are better than that of conventional PID controller.

Multi-sensor fusion problem is mainly composed of three sub-problems: selection, fusion and estimation. Selection is choosing a representative subset of the sensors. Fusion is to take two or more separate sensors data and merge them to form a single entity. Estimation is the process of identifying the features of fused data. This paper addresses the issue of estimating an original system state from fused noisy sensor data by using a Kalman filter modified with interval probability support. The "measured noise variance" in Kalman filter is varied as the confidence in the fused measurement changes. Confidence is determined by means of interval probability (evidential reasoning), and has a net effect of increasing the filter gain as the confidence increases. The modified Kalman filter is compared to one with constant noise variance, and shows an increase in estimation performance level.

This paper gives a design of a KWH meter based on a microcontroller which is more accurate and economical than the electromechanical meters and proposes a model system for billing in which the utility company can directly monitor and control electrical power supply of its spatially distributed consumers without employing any meter readers. Using this metering system the utility company can incorporate multiple rate billing for electricity. The paper proposes a billing system for single-phase meters of distributed clients. Each meter is capable of transmitting its measured value to a master device that processes it for billing. Also the master device is capable of disconnecting or resuming the electric supply of any of its customers remotely if the bill is not paid for a long time or the customer is caught in electricity theft.

This paper presents a new methodology for global optimization of a stochastic multivariable functions subject to stochastic, possibly nonlinear constraints. Least squares parametric estimation is applied as an intermediate step in the stochastic optimizer which then uses a special transformation to capture the global optima estimate. A comparative study of implementing estimation in polynomial least squares versus spline fitting is also presented, together with an illustrative example. >

Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty for stenosis of the aorta due to aortic arteritis was attempted on 45 lesions in 41 children (age range, 4-14 years; mean, 9.9+/-4.2 years) presenting with symptoms of hypertension, severe congestive heart failure, and lower limb claudication. Balloon dilatation was technically successful in 38 (92.7%) patients for 41 stenotic lesions (91.1%). The mean peak systolic pressure gradient (PSG) decreased from 71.7 +/- 23.9 mmHg to 23.2 +/- 17.5 mmHg (p0.001) and the diameter of the stenosed segment increased from 3.3 +/- 1.1 mm to 7.5 +/- 2.2 mm (p0.001) immediately after angioplasty. Patients with short-segment (3 cm) stenosis had a lower residual gradient (17.9 +/- 11.1 mmHg vs 30.5 +/- 22.6 mmHg; p0.05) and a wider diameter of the aorta (8.8 +/- 1.1 mm vs 7.5 +/- 2.2 mm; p0.02) compared to patients with long-segment (/=3 cm) stenosis. Four patients required stent implantation; 2 for flow-limiting dissection, 1 for failure to reduce PSG by50%, and 1 for recurrent restenosis. There was marked hemodynamic and angiographic improvement in these 4 patients. Hemodynamic and angiographic restudy in 21 of the 41 patients at mean follow-up period of 6.2 +/- 4.2 months (range, 3-24 months) showed restenosis in 4 (19%) patients. Restenosis was more common in patients with long-segment stenosis than those with short-segment stenosis (30% vs 9.1%). Late restudy in 8 patients, done at 3-7 years after first restudy, showed no recurrence of aortic narrowing. On clinical follow-up of 38 patients for a mean of 58.8 +/- 36.0 months (range, 8-146 months) there was marked improvement in symptoms. Hypertension was cured in 11 (29%), improved in 24 (63%), and persisted in 3 (8%). Six patients with associated severe renal artery stenosis showed further improvement in hypertension after successful renal angioplasty. Severe congestive heart failure improved in 21 (95.4%) of 22 patients. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 0.32 +/- 0.08 to 0. 48 +/- 0.10 (p0.001) at a mean follow-up of 28.7 +/- 8.4 months in these patients. Hemodynamic restudy in 10 of these patients showed improvements in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure from a mean 37 +/- 9 mmHg (range, 25-55 mmHg) to 16.4 +/- 6.2 mmHg (range, 6-25 mmHg) (p0.001). Lower limb claudication improved in all 4 patients. Our results suggest that percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in children is safe and highly effective in relieving stenosis of the aorta due to aortic arteritis, with marked clinical improvement, and should be the treatment of choice particularly for discrete stenosis.

An assignment to carry out a hazard study and risk analysis of a gas processing complex has been described briefly, wherein well known procedures have been used to identify and investigate potential hazards. A method of avoiding unintentional overfilling of LPG storage tanks has been recommended, which utilizes the existing level control instruments.

We report a patient with multiple drug-resistant abdominal tuberculosis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease who was cured by a combination of second-line chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae .

The clinical outcome of 23 patients with high grade diffuse large cell immunoblastic lymphoma (Working Formulation, category H) treated by an intensive shortened schedule regimen of chemotherapy is described. Alternating cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, bleomycin and prednisolone, and ifosfamide, etoposide and methotrexate were given over an 18-week (range 16.0–20.8) period. External beam radiotherapy was administered as consolidation therapy to sites of original bulky disease in 17 patients. Treatment was well tolerated, though there were two toxic deaths. A 90% response rate was obtained. Sixteen of 18 patients followed for a minimum of 36 months are alive and in complete remission, representing a disease free survival of 69.5%; two further patients are alive following autologous bone marrow transplant. The 3-year disease free survival was 73% (±9%) and the overall 3-year survival 78% (±9%).

L'analyse du contenu gastrique de 196 individus de Millardia meltada, captures avec des tapettes a rats dans differents types de cultures, au Punjab central, entre aout 1988 et juin 1989, a montre que le ble etait la nourriture principale des rongeurs et representait 35,66% du regime annuel. La luzerne (10,82%), la canne a sucre (10,82%), le sorgho (10,82%), le trefle (8,27%) et Chenopodium (7,63%) completaient ce regime avec seulement 0,63% de nourriture d'origine animale. Le ble est predominant au printemps (82,73%) et en hiver (63,98%). La canne a sucre devient importante en automne (13,15%) et plus encore en hiver (33,10 %). Du fait de la predominance du ble, le regime alimentaire de printemps est moins diversifie, le plus diversifie etant en automne

It was observed in the experimental investigations that the concurrent upflow of air-Monoethanol amine system through the packed bed gave higher pressure drop in bubble flow regime than the air-water system. But when the flow regime changed to spray flow, air-water system showed higher pressure drop than the other. This phenomenon was observed for the two column packing used in this study. An attempt is made to explain this phenomenon. On a observe experimentalement que la perte de charge dans l'ecoulement ascendant a co-courant du systeme air-monoethanolamine dans un lit garni etait plus grande dans le regime d'ecoulement a bulles que dans le systeme air-eau montre une plus grande perte de charge que pour le regime a bulles. Ce phenomene a ete observe pour les deux gamissages de colonnes utilises dans cette etude. On tente d'expliquer ce phenomene.

SUMMARY Diabetes is on the increase in every country. In the United States there are more than 12 million known diabetics, and it is the third ranking cause of death. It has been shown that diet low in fat and rich in complex carbohydrates can reverse the diabetic condition or decrease the severity. Increasing fiber in the diet can lower cholesterol in the blood, and it can also control or cure diabetes. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that a diet low in fat and as high as 70% beans can reduce blood pressure, cancer and heart disease. Though there is no cure for diabetes, it can be controlled by diet, exercise, hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy.

A normophosphatemic patient suffering from lithium intoxication was hemodialyzed with a phosphorus-enriched, bicarbonate-based dialysis solution. A post-dialysis fall in plasma phosphorus level was prevented.

Correlations were developed to predict frictional pressure drop for concurrent gas-liquid upflow through packed beds covering all the three identified flow regimes, i.e. bubble flow, pulse flow and spray flow. The observation that the gas and liquid flow rates have different influences on the two-phase pressure drop in different flow regimes, was taken into consideration in the development of these correlations. More than 600 experimental pressure drop data from the present study and literature covering a wide range in gas-liquid systems, flow rates and column packing were used.

Bubble flow, pulse flow and spray flow are the identified flow regimes for cocurrent upflow of air and water through a bed of ceramic spheres. Criteria for transition from one regime to another are presented. Pressure drop for the two phase flow is experimentally measured and the two phase friction factor is correlated as f = KRe(g)mRe1(-n) (d(p)/d(c))1.5 where (m, n) are respectively (0.18, 1.7), (0.26, 1.7) and (1.12, 1.82) corresponding to bubble flow, pulse flow and spray flow regimes.