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The method of gear machining by multi-tooth assembled running-in cutter heads is presented. At machining, these cutter heads reproduce the helical surfaces of constant or variable pitch and are equipped with industrially common carbide plates (in an important special case—multi-faceted disposable ones). Mathematical models used for calculation of generating parameters, generated surfaces and their evaluation are considered. The obtained results, opportunities, preferences and limitations in selecting parameters are analyzed. Fundamentals of the tool design technique and equipment preparation for cutting by the proposed method are given. Examples of practical implementation of this method in serial and single production of spiroid, worm gears (including single-thread and multi-thread ones) and bevel gears with spiral-shaped (curvilinear) teeth are given. The novelty of the technology is that it can become and, evidently, has already become a highly economical and rather efficient alternative to the traditional production methods for the listed gears.

У статті відображені теоретичні основи використання онлайн-опитування в процесі іншомовної підготовки курсантів та студентів. Успіх вивченя та засвоєння іноземної мови професійного спрямування залежить від правильно підіброного та поданого тематичного матеріалу. Використання комп’ютерних технологій у вивченні іноземної мови професійного спрямування відкриває доступ до нових джерел інформації, підвищує мотивацію курсантів та студентів до отримання та обробки професійної інформації іноземною мовою, підвищує ефективність самостійної роботи, дає нові можливості для творчості, надбання та закріплення професійних навиків, дозволяють реалізовувати якісно нові форми та методи навчання іноземної мови професійного спрямування. У статті розглядається анкетування як один із механізмів моніторингу, що являє собою досить непростий процес. Це пов’язано з тим, що в анкетуванні визначальну роль відіграє людський фактор. Для кожної групи споживачів у вищих навчальних закладах повинні бути розроблені відповідні анкети. Зміст анкети має сприяти отриманню найбільш повної інформації для досягнення заявленої мети. Доведено, що поетапне анкетування дозволяє курсантам та студентам не тільки оцінити якість пропонованих знань, але і оцінити себе в процесі навчання, а викладачам дає можливість внести корективи у зміст курсу, удосконалювати себе як автора і підвищувати якість викладеного матеріалу. Проаналізовано, що для курсантів та студентів вивчення іноземної мови професійного спрямування із застосуванням онлайн-опитувань також має певні переваги, оскільки ці технології нові, курсантам та студентам цікаво оволодівати новими видами анкетувань. На Surveymonkey можна створювати опитування і голосування, отримувати на них відповіді і аналізувати результати в режимі реального часу. Автор стверджує, що поетапне анкетування дозволяє курсантам та студентам не тільки оцінити якість пропонованих знань, але і оцінити себе в процесі вивчення, а, отже, в процесі зміни, а також на практиці (у професійній діяльності). Викладачам дає можливість внести корективи у зміст курсу, удосконалювати себе як автора і підвищувати якість викладеного матеріалу.

Recently, nanodiamonds with negatively charged luminescent color centers based on atoms of the fourth group (SiV−, GeV−) have been proposed for use as biocompatible luminescent markers. Further improvement of the functionality of such systems by expanding the frequencies of the emission can be achieved by the additional formation of luminescent tungsten complexes in the diamond matrix. This paper reports the creation of diamond matrices by a hot filament chemical vapor deposition method, containing combinations of luminescing Si-V and Ge-V color centers and tungsten complexes. The possibility is demonstrated of creating a multicolor light source combining the luminescence of all embedded emitters. The emission properties of tungsten complexes and Si-V and Ge-V color centers in the diamond matrices were investigated, as well as differences in their luminescent properties and electron-phonon interaction at different temperatures.

A self-organizing joint system classical oscillator–random environment is considered within the framework of a complex probabilistic process that satisfies a Langevin-type stochastic differential equation. Various types of randomness generated by the environment are considered. In the limit of statistical equilibrium (SEq), second-order partial differential equations (PDE) are derived that describe the distribution of classical environmental fields. The mathematical expectation of the oscillator trajectory is constructed in the form of a functional-integral representation, which, in the SEq limit, is compactified into a two-dimensional integral representation with an integrand: the solution of the second-order complex PDE. It is proved that the complex PDE in the general case is reduced to two independent PDEs of the second order with spatially deviating arguments. The geometric and topological features of the two-dimensional subspace on which these equations arise are studied in detail. An algorithm for parallel modeling of the problem has been developed.

The aim of this work was to examine the content of thioredoxin in fibroblasts of human dermis from the development until deep aging (from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old), and defining of a role of thioredoxin in age-dependent changes in the number of fibroblasts in the dermis. Thioredoxin, proliferating cells nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of fibroblasts vimentin were detected with indirect immunohistochemical technique. Results showed that portion of fibroblasts with positive staining for thioredoxin in the dermis is increased from 20 weeks of pregnancy until 85 years old. Most expressed age related increase in portion of thioredoxin positive dermal fibroblasts (more than 9 times) is present form birth until 20 years as compared to antenatal period. General number and percent of PCNA positive fibroblasts in dermis are decreased with age with more expressed changes until 40 years old. Correlation analysis showed that age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferative activity is significantly associated with increase in thioredoxin positive fibroblasts in dermis. Results allow to suggest that thioredoxin play a role in age dependent decrease in the number of fibroblasts and their proliferation in human dermis.Цель работы — исследование содержания тиоредоксина в фибробластах дермы человека от эмбрионального развития и до глубокой старости (от 20 нед беременности до 85 лет), а также определение значения тиоредоксина для возрастных изменений численности фибробластов в дерме человека. Тиоредоксин, ядерный антиген пролиферирующих клеток (PCNA), маркер фибробластов виментин выявляли в срезах кожи непрямым иммуногистохимическим методом. В дерме человека от 20 нед беременности до 85 лет наблюдали увеличение доли фибробластов, имеющих положительную окраску на тиоредоксин. Наиболее выраженное возрастание доли тиоредоксин-положительных фибробластов (более чем в 9 раз) наблюдали в возрастном интервале от рождения до 20 лет по сравнению с внутриутробным периодом. Общее число и доля PCNA-положительных фибробластов в дерме уменьшались возрастом, наиболее значительно — с антенатального периода до 40 лет. Корреляционный анализ показал, что возрастное снижение числа фибробластов и их пролиферативной активности достоверно связано с увеличением содержания процента фибробластов с положительной окраской на тиоредоксин. Результаты позволяют предположить, что тиоредоксин участвует в возрастном уменьшении численности и пролиферации фибробластов в дерме человека.

In this review, the data on the application of isoindigo derivatives in the chemistry of functional materials are analyzed and summarized. These bisheterocycles can be used in the creation of organic solar cells, sensors, lithium ion batteries as well as in OFET and OLED technologies. The potentials of the use of polymer structures based on isoindigo as photoactive component in the photoelectrochemical reduction of water, as matrix for MALDI spectrometry and in photothermal cancer therapy are also shown. Data published over the past 5 years, including works published at the beginning of 2021, are given.

The click reaction of propargylisatins with some azido-sugars was used to synthesize new isatin derivatives, in which the carbohydrate residue is linked to the 2,3-dioxindole scaffold via the 1,2,3-triazole ring. A number of water-soluble acylhydrazones with various structure of cationic fragment were obtained on their basis. It was shown that the newly obtained compounds do not exhibit hemotoxic action and have a significant antiaggregatory and anticoagulant activity at the level of reference drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid and pentoxifylline.

The variants of efficiency of strategic development of competitive relations in the production and external trading areas of business are assessed in the world steel market and its segments. Reasonability of the developed proposals is demonstrated for scheduling the business activities of metallurgical manufacturers in modern economic environment.

An increase in the frequency of mycoses and spreading of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens necessitates the search for new antifungal agents. Earlier, we isolated the novel defensin from lentil

Since the 1980s, the concept of dopamine-rich brain centers as clusters of only dopaminergic neurons has been fundamentally revised. It has been shown that, in addition to dopaminergic neurons, most of these centers contain neurons expressing one of the enzymes of dopamine synthesis: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). We have obtained convincing evidence that in rats, the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus (PeVN) is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. Indeed, using double immunostaining for TH and AADC, the PeVN was shown to contain almost three thousand dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons. According to high-performance liquid chromatography, PeVN contains L-DOPA and dopamine, which, apparently, are synthesized in monoenzymatic TH neurons and bienzymatic neurons, respectively. According to confocal microscopy, neurons (cell bodies, fibers), which were immunopositive only to TH, only to AADC, or both, are in close topographic relationships with each other and with the 3rd ventricle. These data suggest the mutual regulation of the neurons, as well as the delivery of dopamine and L-DOPA to the third ventricle, which is confirmed by their detection in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, evidence has been obtained that PeVN is one of the largest dopamine-rich centers of the brain, containing dopaminergic and monoenzymatic neurons.

The article presents a theoretical justification for the diameter of the nozzle holes of a hollow frame installed inside the filter rotor of a centrifuge. A theoretical dependence on the definition of this diameter is obtained. When determining the diameter, it was found that it is necessary to take into account the number of nozzles located on the hollow frame. This will ensure uniform and high-quality flushing of the filter rotor of the centrifuge.

The orthodontic retainers, used after orthodontic treatment are mainly produced by thermoforming. Studies and knowledge regarding directly printed orthodontic retainers and their optical properties are limited. The optical properties were tested using a source of monochromatic light and a spectrometer, which measures the intensity of the light passing through the specimens at different wavelengths. The best optical properties are seen with thermoformed specimens, whereas with 3D printed specimens polishing diminished the intensity of light passing through. The transparency of thermoformed materials is superior to that of 3D printed ones. Polishing the materials reduced their optical properties. Despite the fact that less light is transmitted through the 3D printed specimens, the materials offer clinically acceptable and satisfying optical properties.

The article analyzes the essential content of the category “technology”, highlights the main approaches to its semantic content, and identifies its key characteristics. The paper substantiates possibility of using technologies to form political culture of young people. Technologies that influence both the formation of youth culture in general and political culture in particular are highlighted; technologies that manifest themselves within the analysis of youth political culture and correlate with the structure of the main institutions that influence the construction of political culture are also considered.

The explicit dependence of the rate of photoinduced ordering (photo-orientation) of an azobenzene-containing liquid-crystalline polymer on the photostationary concentration of cis-azobenzene has been predicted theoretically and found experimentally. The employed kinetic model based on the photoinduced rearrangement of the domain structure of a liquid-crystalline material predicts the maximum rate of photo-orientation at ca. 50% content of the cis-isomer in the photostationary state of irradiation. For experimental fine tuning of the photostationary trans-cis ratio, the simultaneous irradiation of material with two beams of light with different wavelengths was employed. The excellent agreement of theory and experiment indicates that the difference of photostationary fractions of cis-azobenzene fragments in adjacent domains of different orientations is the driving force of photoinduced ordering.

We report the influence of anisotropy and texture on elasto(ElCE)- and baro(BCE)-caloric effects in single-crystal and ceramic (NH4)2SO4. Inverse extensive and intensive ElCE in ceramics, (ΔSElCE)cer = 87 J/kg·K; ΔTAD = - 11.6 K), as well as in a single crystal along the ferroelectric axis a, (ΔSElCE)a = 115 J/kg·K; (ΔTAD)a = - 16 K, significantly exceed BCE, ΔSBCE = 75 J/kg·K; ΔTAD = - 9.8 K, even at low pressure ~ 0.3 GPa. Caloric parameters of ammonium sulphate are comparable with those for promising solid-state refrigerants.

Dysfunction of genes that control mitosis and are responsible for the correct segregation of sister chromatids in anaphase is often accompanied by aneuploidy, which is frequently detected in leukemia. One of the components of the kinetochore complex, namely, the AF15q14/KNL1/CASC5 protein, is an important factor ensuring the correct binding of the pericentromeric region of chromosomes with the spindle microtubules. As shown recently, in some leukemias, the gene of this protein can be involved in the generation of the chromosomal translocation t(11;15)(q23;q14) or a variant of the chimeric MLL-AF15Q14 oncogene, which serves as a biomarker of poor prognosis. Despite the implication of mRNA of the CASC5 gene in oncogenesis of solid tumors, expression of this gene in hematopoietic neoplasms has not been studied. We analyzed expression levels of the CASC5 gene and the nearest regulatory genes, including WT1, APOBEC3A (A3A), and N-MYC. A pronounced decrease in CASC5 expression in bone marrow cells of primary leukemia patients compared with healthy donors was found. It was also shown that reduced expression of the CASC5 gene correlates with the detection of targeted mutations in patients composed two prognostic subgroups (favorable, unfavorable) with a significance level (p

This article addresses one of the least studied issues of the Great Patriotic War — German special services and collaborative security agencies using their agent assets in the occupied territory of the Kursk region. The chronological frameworks of the study cover the period from the seizure of the Kursk region by German troops to its liberation by the Red Army units. The corpus of sources on the subject is extremely limited. The authors draw on the materials of archival investigatory records on former active accomplices of the German occupiers from among Soviet citizens, who throughout the post-war period were actively sought by the Soviet state security organs. Among the defendants in this category of cases were former leaders, their assistants, senior investigators of the city and district departments of the Russian auxiliary police, created under direct supervision of the German occupation authorities in the territory. Analysis of archival investigatory records shows that the vast majority of heads of collaborative repressive bodies (police, gendarmerie, prisons) joined of the German invaders consciously and voluntarily. This circumstance contributed to their zealous service to German invaders. In order to prove their allegiance to the German command and to avoid punishment for failure, these officials actively recruited secret informants — their agents. These agents were mostly recruited from local residents who, for various reasons, agreed to cooperate with the leaders of Russian police agencies. The tasks of the agents included timely information on the anti-Nazi underground, Soviet intelligence, leaders and participants in the partisan movement in the occupied territory of the Kursk region in 1941–43. Quite often, agents were used by the directors of city and district prisons, which were opened by the German occupational commandant's offices in the region. Information about secret agents was carefully guarded. All agents were on allowance from the territorial bodies of the Russian auxiliary police. Due to scope and activity levels of the partisan movement in the occupied territory of the Kursk region, pro-Nazi agents were most active in the Valuyki, Grayvoron, Dmitriev, Rylsk, Sudzha, Shchigry, Shebekino districts.

The laws of formation of the financial sphere in competitive environment and the results of economic activity of the leading Russian banks and metallurgical holdings are analyzed. A positive trend in the development of their production and economic activity after the 2008–2009 global crisis has been determined. This finding allows us to positively evaluate the prospects of further improvement of the economic situation in the Russian and global markets of financial services and in the metallurgical segment of Russian economy.

The investigation of the hot filament chemical vapor deposition nanodiamonds with simultaneously embedded luminescent GeV− and SiV− color centers from solid sources showed that both the absolute and relative intensities of their zero-phonon lines (at 602 and 738 nm) depend on nanodiamond growth conditions (a methane concentration in the CH4/H2 gas mixture, growth temperature, and time). It is shown that a controlled choice of parameters of hot filament chemical vapor deposition synthesis makes it possible to select the optimal synthesis conditions for tailoring bicolor fluorescence nanodiamond labels for imaging biological systems.

Over recent years, a growing number of bacterial species have become resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics. Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) having a potent antimicrobial activity and a negligible toxicity toward mammalian cells attract attention as new templates for the development of antibiotic drugs. Here, we mined genomes of all living Camelidae species and found a novel family of Bac7-like proline-rich cathelicidins which inhibited bacterial protein synthesis. The N-terminal region of a novel peptide from the alpaca Vicugna pacos named VicBac is responsible for inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis with an IC50 value of 0.5 µM in the E. coli cell-free system whereas the C-terminal region allows the peptide to penetrate bacterial membranes effectively. We also found that the full-length VicBac did not induce bacterial resistance after a two-week selection experiment, unlike the N-terminal truncated analog, which depended on the SbmA transport system. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory action of VicBac and its N-terminal truncated variant on various human cell types was found by multiplex immunoassay. The presence of the C-terminal tail in the natural VicBac does not provide for specific immune-modulatory effects in vitro but enhances the observed impact compared with the truncated analog. The pronounced antibacterial activity of VicBac, along with its moderate adverse effects on mammalian cells, make this molecule a promising scaffold for the development of peptide antibiotics.

Quantitative determination of the molecular orientation distribution function in samples of liquid crystals with a complex director geometry was performed using the numerical simulation of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the spin probes in a liquid-crystalline medium. To achieve the quantitative agreement of experimental and simulated EPR spectra, the hierarchy of the orientation order was explicitly taken into account, namely, the local ordering of liquid crystal molecules by the mean-field potential of surrounding molecules, and the partial disordering of local directors within the sample. The samples under study are planar and twist LC cells with liquid crystal 8CB cooled from the nematic into the smectic A phase in the magnetic field. The presence of the magnetic field perpendicular to the cell director leads to distortion of the orientation of the liquid crystal in the cell. The spin probe technique was successfully employed for the reliable measurement of orientation distribution functions of the low nonorthorhombic symmetry. Orientation order parameters up to 12th rank were measured, including nonaxial and nonorthorhombic order parameters. It is shown that the presence of several contradicting aligning forces leads to the tilt of the preferential director toward the direction, which is a compromise between the orienting forces.

Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.

The article analyzes the specifics of the use of game forms in social and political space, as well as in the formation of political culture of Russian youth. The paper identifies and considers in detail the main problem points associated with the use of game technologies for constructing the political culture of young people. The author reveals the key features of the resource potential of gaming technologies and highlights the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of gaming activities. The author puts forward a new task to study the specifics of social, cultural, and political space and the subjects acting in it.

Temperature dependences of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of an imidazoline nitroxide biradical spin probe in a series of room-temperature ionic liquids in the temperature range 124-390 K have been quantitatively simulated. The unusual asymmetric EPR spectrum shape previously observed in these systems [Kokorin et al., Appl. Magn. Res. 48 (2016) 287] is shown to originate from anisotropic rotational diffusion of the probe molecule. All experimental spectra were quantitatively reproduced in simulation using a unified set of geometrical and magnetic parameters of the spin probe, which were found to be fully consistent with the biradical geometry obtained from density functional theory calculations. Temperature dependences of rotation diffusion coefficient of the probe characterize the molecular mobility of the ionic liquid, whereas the temperature dependences of the spin-exchange integral J and of the isotropic hyperfine interaction constant, aN, are shown to reflect the intramolecular conformation motions of the biradical probe.

Introduction. The working conditions of pharmaceutical industry workers are characterized by the combined effect of unfavorable factors of the production environment, among which the leading one is chemical. The aim of study is to substantiate the basic principles and criteria for hygienic regulation of pharmaceutical products in their production to ensure safe working conditions for employees based on the results of their own research and existing requirements of technical regulations. Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions and the prevalence of health disorders in pharmaceutical workers (according to literature data), toxicological studies of pharmaceutical substances on laboratory animals, scientific justification of hygiene standards in the air of the working area. Results. Among employees of the pharmaceutical industry, the predominant forms of production-related health disorders are diseases of the respiratory system, as well as skin dermatitis of allergic origin, liver and biliary tract diseases. Based on the results of experimental studies of domestic pharmaceutical products for the treatment of cardiovascular, oncological and mental diseases that have priority socio-economic significance, the basic principles and features of the practice of justifying the hygienic standards of medicines in the air of the working area are developed and systematized. Conclusions. During hygienic rationing of medicines, it is necessary to use a differentiated approach that allows, based on the analysis of information about the chemical structure, physical and chemical characteristics, production conditions, pharmacotherapeutic activity, and the results of studying the toxic effect in an experiment on laboratory animals, to determine the maximum permissible content in the air of the working area of medicines or to justify the prohibition of isolation with reasoned recommendations for their safe production.

In this article an increased noise immunity method of a pulse-doppler airborne radar station under the influence of a DRFM signal-like interference when exposed on the side lobes of antenna directivity chat has been developed, a device for its implementation has been presented, and characteristics of the device based on the modeling have been evaluated

On the basis of the mathematical apparatus of the statistical theory of optimal control, the method and algorithm of guidance of an air-to-air guided missile with an active radar target-seeking head when aiming at a «helicopter» class air target with various modes of its flight, including when hovering have been developed. The synthesis has been carried out as a result of flight experimental studies of radar signals reflected from a real helicopter. Also, recommendations for ensuring continuous tracking of a helicopter in an active radar target-seeking head have been presented

Получена бездисперсионная интегрируемая система, описывающая локальную форму общей трехмерной геометрии Эйнштейна-Вейля с евклидовой (положительной) сигнатурой, сконструировано ее матричное расширение и показано, что оно приводит к уравнениям Богомольного для неабелева монополя на фоне геометрии Эйнштейна-Вейля. Рассматривается также соответствующая бездисперсионная интегрируемая иерархия, ее матричное расширение и схема одевания.

Статья посвящена практикам социальной адаптации женщин, оставшихся на оккупированной немецкими войсками и их союзниками территории СССР в годы Второй мировой войны. Несмотря на значительное количество публикаций, посвященных оккупационному периоду, социальная повседневность жизни гражданского населения в этих условиях по-прежнему продолжает нести на себе отпечатки мифологизации. Факты свидетельствуют: самыми многочисленными группами советских граждан на оккупированной немецкими войсками территории были женщины и дети. Именно эти две социальные группы населения оказались в центре внимания немецких захватчиков и созданных ими коллаборационистских властных структур. Компаративный анализ массива архивных документов территориальных органов государственной безопасности СССР позволил выявить три наиболее распространенные стратегии социальной адаптации и индивидуального поведения на оккупированной немецкими войсками территории. Это: две крайние формы – активное неприятие (участие в антифашистском подполье, партизанском движении) или активное сотрудничество с оккупантами (германскими разведслужбами, комендатурами, русской вспомогательной полицией) и самая распространенная тактика социального неприятия окружающей действительности без вступления в открытый конфликт. Каждая из выявленных социальных практик адаптации в условиях крайне неблагоприятных условий – массового террора немецких оккупационных властей, насильственно насаждаемого германского «нового порядка», ничем не ограниченного самовластия немецких ставленников из числа местных коллаборационистов – основывалась на индивидуальной мотивации и приоритетах устоявшихся привычек и нравственных ценностей.

We consider the so-called simplest formula for local approximation by polynomial splines of order $ n $ (Schoenberg splines). The spline itself and all derivatives except that of the highest order, approximate a given function and its corresponding derivatives with the second order. We show that the jump of the highest derivative of order $ n-1 $ ; i. e., the value of discontinuity, divided by the meshsize, approximates the $ n $ th derivative of the original function. We found an asymptotic expansion of the jump.

The dependence of the level of antimicrobial activity of some ammonium isatin-3-acylhydrazones on the sterical hindrance and electronic nature of substituents in the benzyl moiety was elucidated using simple molecular descriptors and quantum chemical calculations. The structure and electronic nature of substituents in position 1 and the lipophilicity of compounds of this series were shown to be the key factors determining the activity.