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79,495 results on '"A. Patton"'

101. Feasibility and Acceptability of the Project Faith Influencing Transformation Intervention in Faith-Based Settings

Author

Alexandria G. Bauer, Binoy Shah, Nia Johnson, Natasha Aduloju-Ajijola, Carole Bowe-Thompson, Kelsey Christensen, and Jannette Y. Berkley-Patton

Abstract

African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately burdened with diabetes and prediabetes. Predominately AA churches may be optimal settings for reaching AAs at greatest diabetes risk, along with related morbidities and mortalities. The current study used the RE-AIM framework to qualitatively examine the feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction with the Project Faith Influencing Transformation (FIT) intervention, a diabetes risk reduction intervention in AA churches. Participants were (N = 21) church and community members who also participated in the larger Project FIT intervention and were primarily female, with an average age of 60 years (SD = 11.1). Participants completed a brief survey and focus group discussion. Participants discussed intervention effectiveness in changing health behaviors and outcomes, with high rates of adoption, acceptability, and satisfaction across churches that conducted the intervention. Participants also discussed outreach to members of the broader community, the role of the pastor, and challenges to intervention implementation and maintenance-tailored strategies to improve intervention effectiveness are discussed. Given the significant diabetes disparities that exist for AAs, it is imperative to continue to investigate best practices for reaching communities served by churches with sustainable, relevant health programming. This study has the potential to inform more effective, tailored diabetes prevention interventions for high-risk AAs in faith-based settings.

Published
2024
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103. Rural Communities Can Have Fun, Too! Strategies to overcome challenges facing rural communities

Author

Patton, Michael

Subjects
Rural development -- Forecasts and trends, Recreation agencies -- Powers and duties, Country life -- Social aspects, Community -- Social aspects, Farm life -- Social aspects, Market trend/market analysis
Abstract

Rural living is a peaceful and serene way of life, surrounded by nature and open spaces. It's a way of life that fosters close-knit communities where neighbors know and support […]

Published
2024

104. Literature-Based STEM Learning Experiences with Self-Determination Theory

Author

Patton, Halle, Rismiller, Megan, Filipiak, Jillian, Kirk, Grace, Roberts, Audrey, and Brodeur, Kate

Subjects
Engineering schools, Education, Science and technology, Bowling Green State University
Abstract

Integrated STEM learning experiences can provide settings in which the rich diversity students bring to the classroom can be used as motivation Students are unique in their interests, learning preferences, [...]

Published
2024

105. Submodular Norms with Applications To Online Facility Location and Stochastic Probing

Author

Patton, Kalen, Russo, Matteo, and Singla, Sahil

Subjects
Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

Optimization problems often involve vector norms, which has led to extensive research on developing algorithms that can handle objectives beyond the $\ell_p$ norms. Our work introduces the concept of submodular norms, which are a versatile type of norms that possess marginal properties similar to submodular set functions. We show that submodular norms can accurately represent or approximate well-known classes of norms, such as $\ell_p$ norms, ordered norms, and symmetric norms. Furthermore, we establish that submodular norms can be applied to optimization problems such as online facility location, stochastic probing, and generalized load balancing. This allows us to develop a logarithmic-competitive algorithm for online facility location with symmetric norms, to prove a logarithmic adaptivity gap for stochastic probing with symmetric norms, and to give an alternative poly-logarithmic approximation algorithm for generalized load balancing with outer $\ell_1$ norm and inner symmetric norms., Comment: Preliminary version appeared in APPROX 2023

Published
2023
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106. A physically motivated framework to compare pair fractions of isolated low and high mass galaxies across cosmic time

Author

Chamberlain, Katie, Besla, Gurtina, Patel, Ekta, Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente, Torrey, Paul, Martin, Garreth, Johnson, Kelsey, Kallivayalil, Nitya, Patton, David, Pearson, Sarah, Privon, George, and Stierwalt, Sabrina

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Low mass galaxy pair fractions are understudied, and it is unclear whether low mass pair fractions evolve in the same way as more massive systems over cosmic time. In the era of JWST, Roman, and Rubin, selecting galaxy pairs in a self-consistent way will be critical to connect observed pair fractions to cosmological merger rates across all mass scales and redshifts. Utilizing the Illustris TNG100 simulation, we create a sample of physically associated low mass ($\rm 10^81$. At $z=0$, the low mass major (1:4 mass ratio) pair fraction is 4$\times$ lower than high mass pairs, consistent with findings for cosmological merger rates. We show that separation limits that vary with the mass and redshift of the system, such as scaling by the virial radius of the host halo ($r_{\mathrm{sep}}< 1 R_{\rm vir}$), are critical for recovering pair fraction differences between low mass and high mass systems. Alternatively, static physical separation limits applied equivalently to all galaxy pairs do not recover the differences between low and high mass pair fractions, even up to separations of $300$ kpc. Finally, we place isolated mass-analogs of Local Group galaxy pairs, i.e., Milky Way (MW)--M31, MW--LMC, LMC--SMC, in a cosmological context, showing that isolated analogs of LMC--SMC-mass pairs and low-separation ($<50$ kpc) MW--LMC-mass pairs are $2-3\times$ more common at $z\gtrsim2-3$., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, updated Feb 2024 to reflect accepted version

Published
2023

109. A highly contiguous genome assembly for the pocket mouse Perognathus longimembris longimembris

Author

Kozak, Krzysztof M, Escalona, Merly, Chumchim, Noravit, Fairbairn, Colin, Marimuthu, Mohan PA, Nguyen, Oanh, Sahasrabudhe, Ruta, Seligmann, William, Conroy, Chris, Patton, James L, Bowie, Rauri CK, and Nachman, Michael W

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Genetics, Human Genome, Life on Land, Animals, Mice, Genome, Chromosomes, Genomics, North America, California Conservation Genomics Project, comparative genomics, conservation genetics, Heteromyidae, Perognathus, repetitive elements, Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

The little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris, and its nine congeners are small heteromyid rodents found in arid and seasonally arid regions of Western North America. The genus is characterized by behavioral and physiological adaptations to dry and often harsh environments, including nocturnality, seasonal torpor, food caching, enhanced osmoregulation, and a well-developed sense of hearing. Here we present a genome assembly of Perognathus longimembris longimembris generated from PacBio HiFi long read and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project. The assembly has a length of 2.35 Gb, contig N50 of 11.6 Mb, scaffold N50 of 73.2 Mb, and includes 93.8% of the BUSCO Glires genes. Interspersed repetitive elements constitute 41.2% of the genome. A comparison with the highly endangered Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus, reveals broad synteny. These new resources will enable studies of local adaptation, genetic diversity, and conservation of threatened taxa.

Published
2024

110. Evaluating Standard of Care and Obstetrical Outcomes in a Reduced Contact Prenatal Care Model in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Author

Mei, Jenny, Bernstein, Megan, Patton, Eden, Duong, Hai-Lang, and Negi, Masaru

Subjects
Pregnancy outcomes, Reduced contact prenatal care, Standard of care, Pregnancy, Infant, Newborn, Female, Humans, Prenatal Care, COVID-19, Retrospective Studies, Case-Control Studies, Pandemics, Standard of Care, Telemedicine
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the impact of reduced contact prenatal care necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic on meeting standards of care and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study of patients in low-risk obstetrics clinic at a tertiary care county facility serving solely publicly insured patients comparing reduced in-person prenatal care (R) over 12 weeks with a control group (C) receiving traditional prenatal care who delivered prior. RESULTS: Total 90 patients in reduced contact (R) cohort were matched with controls (C). There were similar rates of standard prenatal care metrics between groups. Gestational age (GA) of anatomy ultrasound was later in R (p = 0.017). Triage visits and missed appointments were similar, though total number of visits (in-person and telehealth) was higher in R (p = 0.043). R group had higher GA at delivery (p = 0.001). Composite neonatal morbidity and length of stay were lower in R (p = 0.017, p = 0.048). Maternal and neonatal outcomes did not otherwise differ between groups. Using Kotelchuck Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization index, R had higher rates of adequate prenatal care (45.6% R vs. 24.4% C, p = 0.005). DISCUSSION: Our study demonstrates the non-inferiority of a hybrid, reduced schedule prenatal schedule to traditional prenatal scheduling. In a reduced contact prenatal care model, more patients met criteria for adequate prenatal care, likely due to higher attendance of telehealth visits. These findings raise the question of revising the prenatal care model to mitigate disparities in disadvantaged populations.

Published
2024

111. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Author

Joglar, José, Chung, Mina, Armbruster, Anastasia, Benjamin, Emelia, Chyou, Janice, Cronin, Edmond, Deswal, Anita, Eckhardt, Lee, Goldberger, Zachary, Gopinathannair, Rakesh, Gorenek, Bulent, Hess, Paul, Hlatky, Mark, Hogan, Gail, Ibeh, Chinwe, Indik, Julia, Kido, Kazuhiko, Kusumoto, Fred, Link, Mark, Linta, Kathleen, McCarthy, Patrick, Patel, Nimesh, Patton, Kristen, Perez, Marco, Piccini, Jonathan, Russo, Andrea, Sanders, Prashanthan, Streur, Megan, Thomas, Kevin, Times, Sabrina, Tisdale, James, Valente, Anne, Van Wagoner, David, and Marcus, Gregory

Subjects
ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines, acute coronary syndrome, alcohol, anticoagulants, anticoagulation agents, antiplatelet agents, apixaban, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, cardioversion, catheter ablation, coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, dabigatran, edoxaban, exercise, heart failure, hypertension, idarucizumab, left atrial appendage occlusion, myocardial infarction, obesity, percutaneous coronary intervention, pulmonary vein isolation, risk factors, rivaroxaban, sleep apnea, stents, stroke, surgical ablation, thromboembolism, warfarin, Humans, United States, Atrial Fibrillation, American Heart Association, Cardiology, Thromboembolism, Risk Factors
Abstract

AIM: The 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE: Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and the 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.

Published
2024

112. Pancreaticoduodenectomy in trauma patients with grade IV-V duodenal or pancreatic injuries: a post hoc analysis of an EAST multicenter trial.

Author

Choron, Rachel, Piplani, Charoo, Kuzinar, Julia, Teichman, Amanda, Bargoud, Christopher, Sciarretta, Jason, Smith, Randi, Hanos, Dustin, Afif, Iman, Beard, Jessica, Dhillon, Navpreet, Zhang, Ashling, Ghneim, Mira, Devasahayam, Rebekah, Gunter, Oliver, Smith, Alison, Sun, Brandi, Cao, Chloe, Reynolds, Jessica, Hilt, Lauren, Holena, Daniel, Chang, Grace, Jonikas, Meghan, Echeverria-Rosario, Karla, Fung, Nathaniel, Anderson, Aaron, Fitzgerald, Caitlin, Dumas, Ryan, Levin, Jeremy, Trankiem, Christine, Yoon, JaeHee, Blank, Jacqueline, Hazelton, Joshua, McLaughlin, Christopher, Al-Aref, Rami, Kirsch, Jordan, Howard, Daniel, Scantling, Dane, Dellonte, Kate, Vella, Michael, Hopkins, Brent, Shell, Chloe, Udekwu, Pascal, Wong, Evan, Joseph, Bellal, Lieberman, Howard, Ramsey, Walter, Stewart, Collin, Alvarez, Claudia, Berne, John, Nahmias, Jeffry, Puente, Ivan, Patton, Joe, Rakitin, Ilya, Perea, Lindsey, Pulido, Odessa, Ahmed, Hashim, Keating, Jane, Kodadek, Lisa, Wade, Jason, Reynold, Henry, Schreiber, Martin, Benjamin, Andrew, Khan, Abid, Mann, Laura, Mentzer, Caleb, Mousafeiris, Vasileios, Mulita, Francesk, Reid-Gruner, Shari, Sais, Erica, Foote, Christopher, Palacio, Carlos, Argandykov, Dias, Kaafarani, Haytham, Bover Manderski, Michelle, Moko, Lilamarie, Narayan, Mayur, and Seamon, Mark

Subjects
abdominal injuries, duodenum, multiple trauma, pancreas
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade traumatic injuries remains unclear and data surrounding its use are limited. We hypothesized that PD does not result in improved outcomes when compared with non-PD surgical management of grade IV-V pancreaticoduodenal injuries. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicenter analysis from 35 level 1 trauma centers from January 2010 to December 2020. Included patients were ≥15 years of age with the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade IV-V duodenal and/or pancreatic injuries. The study compared operative repair strategy: PD versus non-PD. RESULTS: The sample (n=95) was young (26 years), male (82%), with predominantly penetrating injuries (76%). There was no difference in demographics, hemodynamics, or blood product requirement on presentation between PD (n=32) vs non-PD (n=63). Anatomically, PD patients had more grade V duodenal, grade V pancreatic, ampullary, and pancreatic ductal injuries compared with non-PD patients (all p

Published
2024

113. The Use of Natural Language Processing Methods in Reddit to Investigate Opioid Use: Scoping Review

Author

Almeida, Alexandra, Patton, Thomas, Conway, Mike, Gupta, Amarnath, Strathdee, Steffanie A, and Bórquez, Annick

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Social Determinants of Health, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Data Science, Opioid Misuse and Addiction, Substance Misuse, Opioids, Behavioral and Social Science, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being, Natural Language Processing, Humans, Social Media, Opioid-Related Disorders, Analgesics, Opioid, NLP, Reddit, machine learning, natural language processing, opioid, Health services and systems
Abstract

BackgroundThe growing availability of big data spontaneously generated by social media platforms allows us to leverage natural language processing (NLP) methods as valuable tools to understand the opioid crisis.ObjectiveWe aimed to understand how NLP has been applied to Reddit (Reddit Inc) data to study opioid use.MethodsWe systematically searched for peer-reviewed studies and conference abstracts in PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, ACL Anthology, IEEE Xplore, and Association for Computing Machinery data repositories up to July 19, 2022. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating opioid use, using NLP techniques to analyze the textual corpora, and using Reddit as the social media data source. We were specifically interested in mapping studies' overarching goals and findings, methodologies and software used, and main limitations.ResultsIn total, 30 studies were included, which were classified into 4 nonmutually exclusive overarching goal categories: methodological (n=6, 20% studies), infodemiology (n=22, 73% studies), infoveillance (n=7, 23% studies), and pharmacovigilance (n=3, 10% studies). NLP methods were used to identify content relevant to opioid use among vast quantities of textual data, to establish potential relationships between opioid use patterns or profiles and contextual factors or comorbidities, and to anticipate individuals' transitions between different opioid-related subreddits, likely revealing progression through opioid use stages. Most studies used an embedding technique (12/30, 40%), prediction or classification approach (12/30, 40%), topic modeling (9/30, 30%), and sentiment analysis (6/30, 20%). The most frequently used programming languages were Python (20/30, 67%) and R (2/30, 7%). Among the studies that reported limitations (20/30, 67%), the most cited was the uncertainty regarding whether redditors participating in these forums were representative of people who use opioids (8/20, 40%). The papers were very recent (28/30, 93%), from 2019 to 2022, with authors from a range of disciplines.ConclusionsThis scoping review identified a wide variety of NLP techniques and applications used to support surveillance and social media interventions addressing the opioid crisis. Despite the clear potential of these methods to enable the identification of opioid-relevant content in Reddit and its analysis, there are limits to the degree of interpretive meaning that they can provide. Moreover, we identified the need for standardized ethical guidelines to govern the use of Reddit data to safeguard the anonymity and privacy of people using these forums.

Published
2024

116. Core Set of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Measuring Quality of Life in Clinical Obesity Care

Author

Dijkhorst, Phillip J., Monpellier, Valerie M., Terwee, Caroline B., Liem, Ronald S. L., van Wagensveld, Bart A., Janssen, Ignace M. C., Ottosson, Johan, Halpern, Bruno, Flint, Stuart W., van Rossum, Elisabeth F. C., Saadi, Alend, West-Smith, Lisa, O’Kane, Mary, Halford, Jason C. G., Coulman, Karen D., Al-Sabah, Salman, Dixon, John B., Brown, Wendy A., Ramos Salas, Ximena, Abbott, Sally, Budin, Alyssa J., Holland, Jennifer F., Poulsen, Lotte, Welbourn, Richard, Wijling, Natasja, Divine, Laura, Isack, Nadya, Birney, Susie, Keenan, J. M. Bernadette, Kyle, Theodore K., Bahlke, Melanie, Healing, Andrew, Patton, Ian, and de Vries, Claire E. E.

Published
2024
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119. Associations between daily step count classifications and continuous glucose monitoring metrics in adults with type 1 diabetes: analysis of the Type 1 Diabetes Exercise Initiative (T1DEXI) cohort

Author

Turner, Lauren V., Marak, Martin Chase, Gal, Robin L., Calhoun, Peter, Li, Zoey, Jacobs, Peter G., Clements, Mark A., Martin, Corby K., Doyle, III, Francis J., Patton, Susana R., Castle, Jessica R., Gillingham, Melanie B., Beck, Roy W., Rickels, Michael R., and Riddell, Michael C.

Published
2024
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121. A search for new physics in low-energy electron recoils from the first LZ exposure

Author

The LZ Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Angelides, N., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Baker, A., Balashov, S., Bang, J., Bargemann, J. W., Baxter, A., Beattie, K., Beltrame, P., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Birch, H. J., Blockinger, G. M., Boxer, B., Brew, C. A. J., Brás, P., Burdin, S., Buuck, M., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chott, N. I., Converse, M. V., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Curran, D., Dahl, C. E., David, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., de Viveiros, L., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Eriksen, S. R., Fan, A., Fearon, N. M., Fiorucci, S., Flaecher, H., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Gaitskell, R. J., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Gibbons, R., Gokhale, S., Green, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Han, S., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Huang, D. Q., Hertel, S. A., Heuermann, G., Horn, M., Hunt, D., Ignarra, C. M., Jahangir, O., James, R. S., Johnson, J., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khurana, I., Kim, J., Kingston, J., Kirk, R., Kodroff, D., Korley, L., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Krikler, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Leason, E. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levy, C., Lin, J., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Lucero, D., Luitz, S., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Maupin, C., McCarthy, M. E., McDowell, G., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., Miller, E. H., Mizrachi, E., Monte, A., Monzani, M. E., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Morrison, E., Mount, B. J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Naim, D., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Nguyen, A., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Orpwood, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piepke, A., Poudel, S., Qie, Y., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Santone, D., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Schnee, R. W., Shaw, S., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Sinev, G., Smith, R., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stancu, I., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Suerfu, B., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., Tong, Z., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Turner, W., Vacheret, A., Vaitkus, A. C., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, Y., Watson, J. R., Webb, R. C., Weeldreyer, L., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wisniewski, W. J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xu, J., Yeh, M., and Zweig, E. A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber. We report searches for new physics appearing through few-keV-scale electron recoils, using the experiment's first exposure of 60 live days and a fiducial mass of 5.5t. The data are found to be consistent with a background-only hypothesis, and limits are set on models for new physics including solar axion electron coupling, solar neutrino magnetic moment and millicharge, and electron couplings to galactic axion-like particles and hidden photons. Similar limits are set on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter producing signals through ionized atomic states from the Migdal effect., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures. See https://tinyurl.com/LZDataReleaseRun1ER for a data release related to this paper

Published
2023
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122. Constraining stellar and orbital co-evolution through ensemble seismology of solar-like oscillators in binary systems -- A census of oscillating red-giants and main-sequence stars in Gaia DR3 binaries

Author

Beck, P. G., Grossmann, D. H., Steinwender, L., Schimak, L. S., Muntean, N., Vrard, M., Patton, R. A., Merc, J., Mathur, S., Garcia, R. A., Pinsonneault, M. H., Rowan, D. M., Gaulme, P., Prieto, C. Allende, Arellano-Córdova, K. Z., Cao, L., Corsaro, E., Creevey, O., Hambleton, K. M., Hanslmeier, A., Holl, B., Johnson, J., Mathis, S., Godoy-Rivera, D., Símon-Díaz, S., and Zinn, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Binary systems constitute a valuable astrophysics tool for testing our understanding of stellar structure and evolution. Systems containing a oscillating component are interesting as asteroseismology offers independent parameters for the oscillating component that aid the analysis. About 150 of such systems are known in the literature. To enlarge the sample of these benchmark objects, we crossmatch the Two-Body-Orbit Catalogue (TBO) of Gaia DR3, with catalogs of confirmed solar-like oscillators on the main-sequence and red-giant phase from NASA Kepler and TESS. We obtain 954 new binary system candidates hosting solar-like oscillators, of which 45 and 909 stars are on the main sequence and red-giant, resp., including 2 new red giants in eclipsing systems. 918 oscillators in potentially long-periodic systems are reported. We increase the sample size of known solar-like oscillators in binary systems by an order of magnitude. We present the seismic properties of the full sample and conclude that the grand majority of the orbital elements in the TBO is physically reasonable. 82% of all TBO binary candidates with multiple times with APOGEE are confirmed from radial-velocity measurement. However, we suggest that due to instrumental noise of the TESS satellite the seismically inferred masses and radii of stars with $\nu_\textrm{max}$$\lesssim$30$\mu$Hz could be significantly overestimated. For 146 giants the seismically inferred evolutionary state has been determined and shows clear differences in their distribution in the orbital parameters, which are accounted the accumulative effect of the equilibrium tide acting in these evolved binary systems. For other 146 systems hosting oscillating stars values for the orbital inclination were found in the TBO. From testing the TBO on the SB9 catalogue, we obtain a completeness factor of 1/3., Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy&Astrophysics (23 pages + 4 pages of appendix, 21 figures, 33 pages of tables in the Appendix)

Published
2023

123. Sequential Monte Carlo Learning for Time Series Structure Discovery

Author

Saad, Feras A., Patton, Brian J., Hoffman, Matthew D., Saurous, Rif A., and Mansinghka, Vikash K.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

This paper presents a new approach to automatically discovering accurate models of complex time series data. Working within a Bayesian nonparametric prior over a symbolic space of Gaussian process time series models, we present a novel structure learning algorithm that integrates sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) and involutive MCMC for highly effective posterior inference. Our method can be used both in "online" settings, where new data is incorporated sequentially in time, and in "offline" settings, by using nested subsets of historical data to anneal the posterior. Empirical measurements on real-world time series show that our method can deliver 10x--100x runtime speedups over previous MCMC and greedy-search structure learning algorithms targeting the same model family. We use our method to perform the first large-scale evaluation of Gaussian process time series structure learning on a prominent benchmark of 1,428 econometric datasets. The results show that our method discovers sensible models that deliver more accurate point forecasts and interval forecasts over multiple horizons as compared to widely used statistical and neural baselines that struggle on this challenging data., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Appearing in ICML 2023

Published
2023

124. An open-source alignment method for multichannel infinite-conjugate microscopes using a ray transfer matrix analysis model

Author

Cairns, Gemma S. and Patton, Brian R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Multichannel, infinite-conjugate optical systems easily allow implementation of multiple image paths and imaging modes into a single microscope. Traditional optical alignment methods which rely on additional hardware are not always simple to implement, particularly in compact open-source microscope designs. We present here an alignment algorithm and process to position the lenses and cameras in a microscope using only image magnification measurements. We show that the resulting positioning accuracy is comparable to the axial resolution of the microscope. Ray transfer matrix analysis is used to model the imaging paths when the optics are both correctly and incorrectly aligned. This is used to derive the corresponding image magnifications. We can then extract information about the lens positions using simple image-based measurements to determine whether there is misalignment of the objective lens to sample distance (working distance) and with what magnitude and direction the objective lens needs to be adjusted. Using the M4All open-source 3D printable microscope system in combination with the OpenFlexure microscope, we validate the alignment method and highlight its usability. We provide the model and an example implementation of the algorithm as an open-source Jupyter Notebook.

Published
2023
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125. Determining the Level of Student Engagement among Transfer Students as It Relates to Persistence

Author

Sydnei L. Patton

Abstract

This research study explored the level of student engagement that transfer students experience and how these levels can predict their persistence. This quantitative study utilized secondary data from the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). George Kuh's Theory of Student Engagement guided this study and influenced the development of the NSSE survey. Data from over 11,000 transfer students' responses to the NSSE survey was analyzed through a logistic regression analysis to answer four research questions and determine if transfer students' level of student engagement can predict their persistence. The findings demonstrate that higher levels of engagement are strongly associated with an increased likelihood of persistence among transfer students, underscoring the importance of fostering these engagement opportunities within institutional practices. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

126. The Experiences and Perspectives of Latinx California Community College Presidents in Implementing Equity in Hiring at Hispanic Serving Institutions

Author

Abigail Garcia Patton

Abstract

Latinx students constitute the fastest and largest growing segment of the population in California community colleges (CCCs), with roughly 45% of students identified as Latinx. Yet Latinx representation among faculty and administrators lags behind, with very modest gains in representation in the faculty and academic administrator ranks (Bates et al., 2018; Contreras, 2017). Utilizing qualitative methods, through elite interviews, this study delves into the perspectives and experiences of Latinx presidents in enhancing diversity in hiring practices at HSCCs.Findings revealed the unique challenges Latinx presidents encounter in advancing equity in hiring initiatives and highlights opportunities for transformative change. By amplifying the voices of Latinx presidents, this research addresses a critical gap in the existing literature, moving beyond mere strategies to operationalizing experiences in navigating institutional politics to promote equity in hiring. The study underscores the importance of Latinx presidents in shaping and implementing diversity initiatives, offering valuable insights into their racialized experiences as candidates and as leaders. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the representation of Latinx faculty and administrators in CCCs. By centering the perspective of Latinx presidents, this study offers actionable strategies for fostering greater inclusivity and representation within community college settings. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

127. 'The Freedom to Teach': The Role of (Re)Professionalization in Cultivating Responsive Schooling for Immigrant Students

Author

Adriana Villavicencio, Sarah Klevan, Chandler Patton Miranda, Reva Jaffe-Walter, and Hua-Sebastian Cherng

Abstract

While we know that professionalization improves outcomes for teachers, education policy has effectively "deprofessionalized" teachers, especially those who serve immigrant English Learners. Based on a three-year case study, this paper explores how teachers in an immigrant-serving school exercised autonomy and authority over their instruction and professional development. Drawing on staff interviews and observations of teacher meetings, this paper further describes how these professional conditions positioned teachers to better serve their student population. Our study also revealed the underlying conditions that made teacher autonomy possible, including the negotiation of external policy and a robust model of shared decision-making. By providing rich descriptions of teacher work, this paper moves beyond abstractions of professionalization and toward a concrete set of practices that other schools can employ to "reprofessionalize" teachers. Moreover, we argue that "reprofessionalizing" teachers can better equip teachers to create learning opportunities that are responsive to students' needs. In so doing, the paper speaks to the potential short-sightedness of policies that further undermine teacher autonomy.

Published
2024
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128. 'I Am Not Your English Teacher': Leadership for Addressing Xenophobia and Racism in the Wake of Demographic Change

Author

Chandler Patton Miranda and Kristina Brezicha

Abstract

This case asks educational leadership students to consider how immigrant students new to a quickly changing community may interpret subtle messaging of unbelonging and overt xenophobic hostility. Despite her best intentions, the principal in this case struggles to connect with the Latinx students and families who were recent arrivals to the community and school. The authors ask future school leaders to consider how to make a school environment more inclusive for immigrant students and other students who may be marginalized for their differences.

Published
2024
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129. Still Climbing the Hill: Intersectional Reflections on Brown and Beyond

Author

Lori D. Patton

Abstract

National Youth Poet Laureate Amanda Gorman's poem "The Hill We Climb"--among the most powerful moments of the 2021 presidential inauguration--inspired the central inquiry of the 18th Annual "Brown" Lecture in Education Research: Why are we still climbing the hill of educational equity 67 years after the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark decision in "Brown v. Board of Education?" The purpose of this article is to challenge dominant narratives surrounding "Brown" and introduce perspectives that might help account for a general lack of progress--perspectives that typically are overlooked or erased in wider "Brown" discourses. Inspired by her poem, Patton Davis offers a scholarly analysis and contributes a robust understanding of "Brown" and its historical and contemporary meanings in the sociopolitical contexts of racism and white supremacy. Patton Davis considers pressing questions: How can study of the circumstances that have intensified the COVID-19 pandemic fuel collective understanding of racial inequities and intersectional injustices in education? How might a critical race lens guide educators, policymakers, and researchers toward a more progressive realization of the promises of "Brown?" What would it take for education researchers, the majority of whom are situated in postsecondary settings, to engage in activism modeled after the work of communities still fighting for the racial and educational equity envisioned in "Brown?"

Published
2024
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130. Predicting High School Students' Transportation Career Intentions: The Roles of Gender and Belonging

Author

Patton O. Garriott and Bo Hyun Lee

Abstract

Transportation, Distribution, and Logistics is one of the 15 occupational areas covered under the National Career Clusters© Framework and is projected to grow in the next decade. The exclusion of women in transportation is a significant barrier to ensuring a robust and equitable workforce. This study examined predictors of transportation career intentions in a sample (N = 263) of high school students. Participants completed measures of: attitudes toward transportation careers, social norms, ambient belonging, and transportation career intentions. Results of structural equation modeling indicated a model with attitudes, social norms, and ambient belonging as predictors of intentions provided a close fit to the data and that the path from ambient belonging to transportation career intentions was significant. The final structural model explained 66% of the variance in intentions. A multiple group analysis indicated that the relationship between ambient belonging and intentions was stronger for girls than boys. Results have implications for the role of belonging in transportation career and technical education.

Published
2023
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132. Specimen collection is essential for modern science.

Author

Nachman, Michael, Beckman, Elizabeth, Bowie, Rauri, Cicero, Carla, Conroy, Chris, Hayes, Tyrone, Koo, Michelle, Lacey, Eileen, Martin, Christopher, McGuire, Jimmy, Patton, James, Spencer, Carol, Wake, Marvalee, Wang, Ian, Achmadi, Anang, Álvarez-Castañeda, Sergio, Andersen, Michael, Arroyave, Jairo, Austin, Christopher, Barker, F, Barrow, Lisa, Barrowclough, George, Bates, John, Bauer, Aaron, Bell, Kayce, Bell, Rayna, Bronson, Allison, Brown, Rafe, Burbrink, Frank, Burns, Kevin, Cadena, Carlos, Cannatella, David, Castoe, Todd, Chakrabarty, Prosanta, Colella, Jocelyn, Cook, Joseph, Cracraft, Joel, Davis, Drew, Davis Rabosky, Alison, DElía, Guillermo, Dumbacher, John, Dunnum, Jonathan, Edwards, Scott, Esselstyn, Jacob, Faivovich, Julián, Fjeldså, Jon, Flores-Villela, Oscar, Ford, Kassandra, Fuchs, Jérôme, Fujita, Matthew, Good, Jeffrey, Greenbaum, Eli, Greene, Harry, Hackett, Shannon, Hamidy, Amir, Hanken, James, Haryoko, Tri, Hawkins, Melissa, Heaney, Lawrence, Hillis, David, Hollingsworth, Bradford, Hornsby, Angela, Hosner, Peter, Irham, Mohammad, Jansa, Sharon, Jiménez, Rosa, Joseph, Leo, Kirchman, Jeremy, LaDuc, Travis, Leaché, Adam, Lessa, Enrique, López-Fernández, Hernán, Mason, Nicholas, McCormack, John, McMahan, Caleb, Moyle, Robert, Ojeda, Ricardo, Olson, Link, Kin Onn, Chan, Parenti, Lynne, Parra-Olea, Gabriela, Patterson, Bruce, Pauly, Gregory, Pavan, Silvia, Peterson, A, Poe, Steven, Rabosky, Daniel, Raxworthy, Christopher, Reddy, Sushma, Rico-Guevara, Alejandro, Riyanto, Awal, Rocha, Luiz, Ron, Santiago, Rovito, Sean, Rowe, Kevin, Rowley, Jodi, Ruane, Sara, Salazar-Valenzuela, David, Shultz, Allison, and Sidlauskas, Brian

Subjects
Animals, Museums, Specimen Handling, Natural History
Abstract

Natural history museums are vital repositories of specimens, samples and data that inform about the natural world; this Formal Comment revisits a Perspective that advocated for the adoption of compassionate collection practices, querying whether it will ever be possible to completely do away with whole animal specimen collection.

Published
2023

133. COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥65 Years - COVID-NET, 13 States, January-August 2023.

Author

Taylor, Christopher, Patel, Kadam, Patton, Monica, Kawasaki, Breanna, Meek, James, Openo, Kyle, Ryan, Patricia, Falkowski, Anna, Bye, Erica, Plymesser, Kelly, Spina, Nancy, Tesini, Brenda, Moran, Nancy, Sutton, Melissa, Talbot, H, George, Andrea, Havers, Fiona, and Reingold, Arthur

Subjects
Humans, Adult, United States, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, Vaccination
Abstract

Adults aged ≥65 years remain at elevated risk for severe COVID-19 disease and have higher COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates compared with those in younger age groups. Data from the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to estimate COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates during January-August 2023 and identify demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years during January-June 2023. Among adults aged ≥65 years, hospitalization rates more than doubled, from 6.8 per 100,000 during the week ending July 15 to 16.4 per 100,000 during the week ending August 26, 2023. Across all age groups, adults aged ≥65 years accounted for 62.9% (95% CI = 60.1%-65.7%) of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations, 61.3% (95% CI = 54.7%-67.6%) of intensive care unit admissions, and 87.9% (95% CI = 80.5%-93.2%) of in-hospital deaths associated with COVID-19 hospitalizations. Most hospitalized adults aged ≥65 years (90.3%; 95% CI = 87.2%-92.8%) had multiple underlying conditions, and fewer than one quarter (23.5%; 95% CI = 19.5%-27.7%) had received the recommended COVID-19 bivalent vaccine. Because adults aged ≥65 years remain at increased risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and severe outcomes, guidance for this age group should continue to focus on measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, encourage vaccination, and promote early treatment for persons who receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result to reduce their risk for severe COVID-19-associated outcomes.

Published
2023

134. Early paracentesis is associated with better prognosis compared with late or no-paracentesis in hospitalized veterans with cirrhosis and ascites.

Author

Patel, Nilang, Silvey, Scott, OLeary, Jacqueline, Morgan, Timothy, Patton, Heather, Rogal, Shari, and Bajaj, Jasmohan

Subjects
Humans, Ascites, Veterans, Liver Transplantation, Liver Cirrhosis, Prognosis, Acute Kidney Injury
Abstract

Guidelines recommend that all hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites receive an early (

Published
2023

135. 2023 HRS/APHRS/LAHRS guideline on cardiac physiologic pacing for the avoidance and mitigation of heart failure.

Author

Chung, Mina, Patton, Kristen, Lau, Chu-Pak, Dal Forno, Alexander, Al-Khatib, Sana, Arora, Vanita, Birgersdotter-Green, Ulrika, Cha, Yong-Mei, Chung, Eugene, Cronin, Edmond, Curtis, Anne, Cygankiewicz, Iwona, Dandamudi, Gopi, Dubin, Anne, Ensch, Douglas, Glotzer, Taya, Gold, Michael, Goldberger, Zachary, Gopinathannair, Rakesh, Gorodeski, Eiran, Gutierrez, Alejandra, Guzman, Juan, Huang, Weijian, Imrey, Peter, Indik, Julia, Karim, Saima, Karpawich, Peter, Khaykin, Yaariv, Kiehl, Erich, Kron, Jordana, Kutyifa, Valentina, Link, Mark, Marine, Joseph, Mullens, Wilfried, Park, Seung-Jung, Parkash, Ratika, Patete, Manuel, Pathak, Rajeev, Perona, Carlos, Rickard, John, Schoenfeld, Mark, Seow, Swee-Chong, Shen, Win-Kuang, Shoda, Morio, Singh, Jagmeet, Slotwiner, David, Sridhar, Arun, Srivatsa, Uma, Stecker, Eric, Tanawuttiwat, Tanyanan, Tang, W, Tapias, Carlos, Tracy, Cynthia, Upadhyay, Gaurav, Varma, Niraj, Vernooy, Kevin, Vijayaraman, Pugazhendhi, Worsnick, Sarah, Zareba, Wojciech, and Zeitler, Emily

Subjects
Cardiac resynchronization therapy, Conduction system pacing, Guideline, His bundle pacing, Left bundle branch area pacing, Child, Humans, Bundle of His, Treatment Outcome, Cardiac Conduction System Disease, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Heart Failure, Electrocardiography
Abstract

Cardiac physiologic pacing (CPP), encompassing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and conduction system pacing (CSP), has emerged as a pacing therapy strategy that may mitigate or prevent the development of heart failure (HF) in patients with ventricular dyssynchrony or pacing-induced cardiomyopathy. This clinical practice guideline is intended to provide guidance on indications for CRT for HF therapy and CPP in patients with pacemaker indications or HF, patient selection, pre-procedure evaluation and preparation, implant procedure management, follow-up evaluation and optimization of CPP response, and use in pediatric populations. Gaps in knowledge, pointing to new directions for future research, are also identified.

Published
2023

136. Estimating the impact of a police education program on hepatitis C virus transmission and disease burden among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico: A dynamic modeling analysis

Author

Saldana, Carlos D Rivera, Abramovitz, Daniela, Beletsky, Leo, Borquez, Annick, Kiene, Susan, Marquez, Lara K, Patton, Thomas, Strathdee, Steffanie, Zúñiga, María Luisa, Martin, Natasha K, and Cepeda, Javier

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Psychology, Hepatitis, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Substance Misuse, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Digestive Diseases, Social Determinants of Health, Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease, Hepatitis - C, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Cost of Illness, Drug Users, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C, Mexico, Police, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Epidemic modelling, HCV, incarceration, police education, PWID, Tijuana, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Substance Abuse, Public health, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Background and aimsCriminalization of drug use and punitive policing are key structural drivers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) risk among people who inject drugs (PWID). A police education program (Proyecto Escudo) delivering training on occupational safety together with drug law content was implemented between 2015 and 2016 in Tijuana, Mexico, to underpin drug law reform implementation. We used data from a longitudinal cohort of PWID in Tijuana to inform epidemic modeling and assess the long-term impact of Escudo on HCV transmission and burden among PWID in Tijuana.MethodsWe developed a dynamic, compartmental model of HCV transmission and incarceration among PWID and tracked liver disease progression among current and former PWID. The model was calibrated to data from Tijuana, Mexico, with 90% HCV seroprevalence. We used segmented regression analysis to estimate impact of Escudo on recent incarceration among an observational cohort of PWID. By simulating the observed incarceration trends, we estimated the potential impact of the implemented (2-year reduction in incarceration) and an extended (10-year reduction in incarceration) police education program over a 50-year follow-up (2016-2066) on HCV outcomes (incidence, cirrhosis, HCV-related deaths and disability adjusted life-years averted) compared with no intervention.ResultsOver the 2-year follow-up, Proyecto Escudo reduced HCV incidence among PWID from 21.5 per 100 person years (/100py) (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 15.3-29.7/100py) in 2016 to 21.1/100py (UI = 15.0-29.1/100py) in 2018. If continued for 10 years, Escudo could reduce HCV incidence to 20.0/100py (14.0-27.8/100py) by 2026 and avert 186 (32-389) new infections, 76 (UI = 12-160) cases of cirrhosis and 32 (5-73) deaths per 10 000 PWID compared with no intervention over a 50-year time horizon.ConclusionsIn Tijuana, Mexico, implementation of a police education program delivering training on occupational safety and drug law content appears to have reduced hepatitis C virus incidence among people who inject drugs.

Published
2023

137. Generalized Autoregressive Score Trees and Forests

Author

Patton, Andrew J. and Simsek, Yasin

Subjects
Economics - Econometrics, Quantitative Finance - Risk Management, Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We propose methods to improve the forecasts from generalized autoregressive score (GAS) models (Creal et. al, 2013; Harvey, 2013) by localizing their parameters using decision trees and random forests. These methods avoid the curse of dimensionality faced by kernel-based approaches, and allow one to draw on information from multiple state variables simultaneously. We apply the new models to four distinct empirical analyses, and in all applications the proposed new methods significantly outperform the baseline GAS model. In our applications to stock return volatility and density prediction, the optimal GAS tree model reveals a leverage effect and a variance risk premium effect. Our study of stock-bond dependence finds evidence of a flight-to-quality effect in the optimal GAS forest forecasts, while our analysis of high-frequency trade durations uncovers a volume-volatility effect.

Published
2023

138. Direct current measurements of the SPIDER beam: a comparison to existing beam diagnostics

Author

Shepherd, A., Patton, T., Pimazzoni, A., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Garola, A. Rigoni, Sartori, E., Ugoletti, M., and Serianni, G.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

For negative ion beam sources there are several methods of measuring the accelerated beam current, most commonly electrical measurements at the power supply and calorimetric measurements. On SPIDER, the ITER Heating Neutral Beam full-scale beam source prototype, electrical measurements at the acceleration grid power supply (AGPS) are complemented by polarizing the diagnostic calorimeter STRIKE to provide an additional electrical measurement of the accelerated current. This is in addition to the calorimetric measurements provided by STRIKE. These diagnostics give differing measurements of the beam current. Exploiting the reduced number of open apertures on SPIDER a new beam diagnostic has been installed to measure the individual beamlet currents directly. The so called Beamlet Current Monitor (BCM) has been used to measure the current of five beamlets during the most recent SPIDER campaign. This work compares the BCM current to the electrical measurements at the AGPS and STRIKE. The average BCM current agrees well with the STRIKE electrical measurements, indicating that the AGPS overestimates the beam current. The individual beamlets are compared to the STRIKE calorimetric measurements, showing similar current trends with the source parameters.

Published
2023
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139. Evaluation of African American Language Bias in Natural Language Generation

Author

Deas, Nicholas, Grieser, Jessi, Kleiner, Shana, Patton, Desmond, Turcan, Elsbeth, and McKeown, Kathleen

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

We evaluate how well LLMs understand African American Language (AAL) in comparison to their performance on White Mainstream English (WME), the encouraged "standard" form of English taught in American classrooms. We measure LLM performance using automatic metrics and human judgments for two tasks: a counterpart generation task, where a model generates AAL (or WME) given WME (or AAL), and a masked span prediction (MSP) task, where models predict a phrase that was removed from their input. Our contributions include: (1) evaluation of six pre-trained, large language models on the two language generation tasks; (2) a novel dataset of AAL text from multiple contexts (social media, hip-hop lyrics, focus groups, and linguistic interviews) with human-annotated counterparts in WME; and (3) documentation of model performance gaps that suggest bias and identification of trends in lack of understanding of AAL features., Comment: EMNLP 2023 Camera-Ready

Published
2023

140. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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141. Programming-by-Demonstration for Long-Horizon Robot Tasks

Author

Patton, Noah, Rahmani, Kia, Missula, Meghana, Biswas, Joydeep, and Dillig, Işil

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages, Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

The goal of programmatic Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is to learn a policy in a programming language that can be used to control a robot's behavior from a set of user demonstrations. This paper presents a new programmatic LfD algorithm that targets long-horizon robot tasks which require synthesizing programs with complex control flow structures, including nested loops with multiple conditionals. Our proposed method first learns a program sketch that captures the target program's control flow and then completes this sketch using an LLM-guided search procedure that incorporates a novel technique for proving unrealizability of programming-by-demonstration problems. We have implemented our approach in a new tool called PROLEX and present the results of a comprehensive experimental evaluation on 120 benchmarks involving complex tasks and environments. We show that, given a 120 second time limit, PROLEX can find a program consistent with the demonstrations in 80% of the cases. Furthermore, for 81% of the tasks for which a solution is returned, PROLEX is able to find the ground truth program with just one demonstration. In comparison, CVC5, a syntax guided synthesis tool, is only able to solve 25% of the cases even when given the ground truth program sketch, and an LLM-based approach, GPT-Synth, is unable to solve any of the tasks due to the environment complexity., Comment: 40 Pages, Extended Version of POPL 2024 paper

Published
2023
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142. SuperNeuro: A Fast and Scalable Simulator for Neuromorphic Computing

Author

Date, Prasanna, Gunaratne, Chathika, Kulkarni, Shruti, Patton, Robert, Coletti, Mark, and Potok, Thomas

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, D.0
Abstract

In many neuromorphic workflows, simulators play a vital role for important tasks such as training spiking neural networks (SNNs), running neuroscience simulations, and designing, implementing and testing neuromorphic algorithms. Currently available simulators are catered to either neuroscience workflows (such as NEST and Brian2) or deep learning workflows (such as BindsNET). While the neuroscience-based simulators are slow and not very scalable, the deep learning-based simulators do not support certain functionalities such as synaptic delay that are typical of neuromorphic workloads. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature and present SuperNeuro, which is a fast and scalable simulator for neuromorphic computing, capable of both homogeneous and heterogeneous simulations as well as GPU acceleration. We also present preliminary results comparing SuperNeuro to widely used neuromorphic simulators such as NEST, Brian2 and BindsNET in terms of computation times. We demonstrate that SuperNeuro can be approximately 10--300 times faster than some of the other simulators for small sparse networks. On large sparse and large dense networks, SuperNeuro can be approximately 2.2 and 3.4 times faster than the other simulators respectively.

Published
2023

143. Interacting galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations -- V: Comparing the influence of star-forming vs. passive companions

Author

Brown, Westley, Patton, David R., Ellison, Sara L., and Faria, Lawrence

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We study interacting galaxy pairs in the TNG100-1 and TNG300-1 cosmological simulations using previously generated closest companion samples. We study the specific star formation rates (sSFR) of massive ($10^{10} M_{\odot} < M_* < 10^{12} M_{\odot}$) galaxies at $z \leq 0.2$ as a function of separation from the closest companion galaxy. We split our sample based on whether the companion galaxy is star-forming or passive. We find that galaxies with close star-forming companions have sSFRs that are enhanced (on average) by a factor of $2.9 \pm 0.3$ in TNG100-1 and $2.27 \pm 0.06$ in TNG300-1 compared to controls, with enhancements present out to separations of $\sim 300$ kpc. Galaxies with passive companions in TNG300-1 exhibit mild sSFR suppression ($\sim12$ percent) at 100-300 kpc and small sSFR enhancements at separations below 50 kpc. sSFR suppression is strongest in pairs where the galaxy's stellar mass is more than 2 times that of its passive companion. By generating a stellar mass-matched ("twinned") sample in TNG300-1, we show that differences in sSFR trends between companion types are not a result of intrinsic stellar mass differences in star-forming vs. passive galaxies. We compare with an analogous sample of galaxy pairs from SDSS, finding consistent results between observations and simulations. Overall, we find that star-forming galaxies show enhanced sSFRs regardless of companion type, but that galaxies with close passive companions are more likely to be passive themselves., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2023
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144. A strategy to identify breakdown location in MITICA test facility: results of high voltage test campaign

Author

Zanotto, Loris, Boldrin, Marco, Chitarin, Giuseppe, Dan, Mattia, Patton, Tommaso, Santoro, Francesco, Toigo, Vanni, Tobari, Hiroyuki, Kojima, Atsushi, and Decamps, Hans

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The Acceleration Grid Power Supply of the MITICA test facility in Padova (Italy) is currently under commissioning. The power conversion system, the DC generator, and the High Voltage equipment have been individually commissioned, whereas the integration tests are ongoing. It is a challenging process due to the unconventional application, to the variety of different electrical technologies involved and to the complexity of the interfaces. During the integrated tests of the power supplies the achievement of 700kV stable operation has been demonstrated for the first time in a Neutral Beam Injector, but an unexpected event occurred, most likely a breakdown in the HV part, which resulted in a fault of the DC generator. A subsequent test using an auxiliary power supply was performed to check the voltage withstanding capability of the HV plant, but another breakdown occurred at around 1MV. This paper describes the activity performed to identify the location of the breakdowns affecting the integrated tests. A test campaign has been devised with increased diagnostic capabilities and specific strategy conceived to trigger intentional breakdowns in specific locations and collect measurement patterns for different cases. The results of the campaign will be presented and the current understanding of the issue will be described, with a view on future tests and further improvements of diagnostics.

Published
2023
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145. Overview on electrical issues faced during the SPIDER experimental campaigns

Author

Maistrello, Alberto, Agostini, Matteo, Bigi, Marco, Brombin, Matteo, Dan, Mattia, Casagrande, Riccardo, De Nardi, Marco, Ferro, Alberto, Gaio, Elena, Jain, Palak, Lunardon, Francesco, Marconato, Nicolò, Marcuzzi, Diego, Recchia, Mauro, Patton, Tommaso, Pavei, Mauro, Santoro, Francesco, Toigo, Vanni, Zanotto, Loris, Barbisan, Marco, Baseggio, Lucio, Bernardi, Marco, Berton, Giovanni, Boldrin, Marco, Bello, Samuele Dal, Fasolo, Daniele, Franchin, Luca, Ghiraldelli, Raffaele, Grando, Luca, Milazzo, Ruggero, Pimazzoni, Antonio, Rigoni, Andrea, Sartori, Emanuele, Serianni, Gianluigi, Shepherd, Alastair, Ugoletti, Margherita, Zaniol, Barbara, Zella, Daniele, Zerbetto, Enrico, Decamps, Hans, Rotti, Chandramouli, and Veltri, Pierluigi

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

SPIDER is the full-scale prototype of the ion source of the ITER Heating Neutral Beam Injector, where negative ions of Hydrogen or Deuterium are produced by a RF generated plasma and accelerated with a set of grids up to ~100 keV. The Power Supply System is composed of high voltage dc power supplies capable of handling frequent grid breakdowns, high current dc generators for the magnetic filter field and RF generators for the plasma generation. During the first 3 years of SPIDER operation different electrical issues were discovered, understood and addressed thanks to deep analyses of the experimental results supported by modelling activities. The paper gives an overview on the observed phenomena and relevant analyses to understand them, on the effectiveness of the short-term modifications provided to SPIDER to face the encountered issues and on the design principle of long-term solutions to be introduced during the currently ongoing long shutdown., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures. Presented at SOFT 2022

Published
2023
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146. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
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147. Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment

Author

DUNE Collaboration, Abud, A. Abed, Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adames, M. R., Adamov, G., Adamowski, M., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Adriano, C., Aduszkiewicz, A., Aguilar, J., Ahmad, Z., Ahmed, J., Aimard, B., Akbar, F., Allison, K., Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alrashed, M., Alton, A., Alvarez, R., Amedo, P., Anderson, J., Andrade, D. A., Andreopoulos, C., Andreotti, M., Andrews, M. P., Andrianala, F., Andringa, S., Anfimov, N., Campanelli, W. L. Anicézio, Ankowski, A., Antoniassi, M., Antonova, M., Antoshkin, A., Aranda-Fernandez, A., Arellano, L., Arnold, L. O., Arroyave, M. A., Asaadi, J., Ashkenazi, A., Asquith, L., Atkin, E., Auguste, D., Aurisano, A., Aushev, V., Autiero, D., Ayala-Torres, M., Azfar, F., Back, A., Back, H., Back, J. J., Bagaturia, I., Bagby, L., Balashov, N., Balasubramanian, S., Baldi, P., Baldini, W., Baller, B., Bambah, B., Banerjee, R., Barao, F., Barenboim, G., Alzás, P. Barham, Barker, G. J., Barkhouse, W., Barnes, C., Barr, G., Monarca, J. Barranco, Barros, A., Barros, N., Barrow, J. L., Basharina-Freshville, A., Bashyal, A., Basque, V., Batchelor, C., Battat, J. B. R., Battisti, F., Bay, F., Bazetto, M. C. Q., Alba, J. L. L. Bazo, Beacom, J. F., Bechetoille, E., Behera, B., Belchior, E., Bell, G., Bellantoni, L., Bellettini, G., Bellini, V., Beltramello, O., Benekos, N., Montiel, C. Benitez, Benjamin, D., Neves, F. Bento, Berger, J., Berkman, S., Bernardini, P., Berner, R. M., Bersani, A., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Rodríguez, A. Betancur, Bevan, A., Bezawada, Y., Bezerra, A. T., Bezerra, T. J., Bhambure, J., Bhardwaj, A., Bhatnagar, V., Bhattacharjee, M., Bhattacharya, M., Bhattarai, D., Bhuller, S., Bhuyan, B., Biagi, S., Bian, J., Biery, K., Bilki, B., Bishai, M., Bitadze, A., Blake, A., Blaszczyk, F. D., Blazey, G. 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P., Zennamo, J., Zeug, K., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhao, M., Zhivun, E., Zimmerman, E. D., Zucchelli, S., Zuklin, J., Zutshi, V., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is to measure the $\mathcal{O}(10)$ MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to be uniquely sensitive to the $\nu_e$ component of the supernova flux, enabling a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the energy-dependent total cross section $\sigma(E_\nu)$ for charged-current $\nu_e$ absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of supernova $\nu_e$ spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the impact of $\sigma(E_\nu)$ modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large theoretical uncertainties on $\sigma(E_\nu)$ must be substantially reduced before the $\nu_e$ flux parameters can be extracted reliably: in the absence of external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with less than 10\% bias with DUNE requires $\sigma(E_\nu)$ to be known to about 5%. The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a 20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to uncertainties on the shape of $\sigma(E_\nu)$. A direct measurement of low-energy $\nu_e$-argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the theoretical precision to the needed level., Comment: 25 pages, 21 figures

Published
2023
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148. Spectroscopic identification of rapidly rotating red giant stars in APOKASC-3 and APOGEE DR16

Author

Patton, Rachel A., Pinsonneault, Marc H., Cao, Lyra, Vrard, Mathieu, Mathur, Savita, Garcia, Rafael A., Tayar, Jamie, Daher, Christine Mazzola, and Beck, Paul G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Rapidly rotating red giant stars are astrophysically interesting but rare. In this paper we present a catalog of 3217 active red giant candidates in the APOGEE DR16 survey. We use a control sample in the well-studied Kepler fields to demonstrate a strong relationship between rotation and anomalies in the spectroscopic solution relative to typical giants. Stars in the full survey with similar solutions are identified as candidates. We use vsin\textiti measurements to confirm 50+/- 1.2% of our candidates as definite rapid rotators, compared to 4.9+/-0.2% in the Kepler control sample. In both the Kepler control sample and a control sample from DR16, we find that there are 3-4 times as many giants rotating with 5 < vsini < 10 km s$^{-1}$ compared to vsini > 10 km s$^{-1}$, the traditional threshold for anomalous rotation for red giants. The vast majority of intermediate rotators are not spectroscopically anomalous. We use binary diagnostics from APOGEE and \textit{Gaia} to infer a binary fraction of 73+/-2.4%. We identify a significant bias in the reported metallicity for candidates with complete spectroscopic solutions, with median offsets of 0.37 dex in [M/H] from a control sample. As such, up to 10% of stars with reported [M/H]<-1 are not truly metal poor. Finally, we use Gaia data to identify a sub-population of main sequence photometric binaries erroneously classified as giants., Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures submitted to MNRAS

Published
2023

149. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023

Published
2023
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150. Impact of glucocorticoids on patients’ quality of life: a qualitative study assessing face validity and feasibility of the Steroid PRO in patients with inflammatory gastroenterology, respiratory and dermatology conditions

Author

Shaney L Barratt, Emma Dures, Mwidimi Ndosi, Michelle Sharp, Sebastian E Sattui, Jill Dawson, Susan M Goodman, Sarah L Mackie, Tom Creed, Catherine L Hill, Joanna C Robson, Pamela Richards, Susan Bridgewater, Christine A Silverthorne, Jen Orme, Anne-Marie T Sweeney, Elizabeth Arthurs, Genevieve Osborne, Giles Dunhill, Richard P Ramonell, and Timothy Patton

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objectives The Steroid PRO is a treatment-specific patient-reported outcome questionnaire which measures the impact of glucocorticoids on health-related quality of life. It has 15 items grouped into 4 domains (Social impact, Impact on Appearance, Psychological Impact and Treatment Concerns). Initially developed and validated in rheumatic diseases, the Steroid PRO demonstrates potential for broader application in patients with other inflammatory conditions. The objective of this study was to assess face validity, content validity and feasibility of the Steroid PRO in (1) patients treated with glucocorticoids for inflammatory respiratory, dermatological and gastroenterological conditions and (2) clinicians working within these specialties in the UK and USA.Design Qualitative study with semistructured cognitive interview methods.Setting Online or face-to-face interviews with participants from seven departments across three secondary care hospitals in the UK and USA.Participants Inclusion criteria: (1) Adult patients with inflammatory respiratory, gastroenterological and dermatological conditions treated with glucocorticoids and (2) healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in respiratory, dermatology and gastroenterology departments in the UK and USA.Results Purposive sampling to ensure a range of patient and HCP participants. A total of 42 patient participants were recruited, from respiratory/pulmonology (n=14, 33.3%), dermatology (n=13, 31.0%) and gastroenterology (n=15, 35.8%) medical departments; 32 in the UK and 10 from the USA. Mean age 48.2 years (range 22–71) and 19 (45.2%) were female. Patient participants had a range of inflammatory lung, skin and bowel conditions, with a spectrum of demographics and patterns of glucocorticoid use. 14 HCPs participated from the UK (9) and USA (5). Face validity: 97% (30/31) patients and 100% (14/14) HCPs reported the Steroid PRO was ‘relevant or very relevant’ to them and their disease. Feasibility: 97% (30/31) patients and 100% (14/14) HCPs reported the Steroid PRO was ‘easy or very easy to complete’. Patients reported that the four domains of the Steroid PRO had relevance to them and that it was validating to see their concerns represented: ‘It’s obvious you guys know what you’re talking about—these are my issues. It’s very validating when you realise it’s not just you. These problems are real and they matter.… These are not questions my doctor asks me about. Doctors never ask about psychosocial aspects. It would be really great if they used this’ (female patient with asthma). Patients and clinicians felt the Steroid PRO would be suitable for use in clinical practice within their specialties and would aid in understanding of the impact of glucocorticoids.Conclusions The Steroid PRO demonstrated face validity and content validity for assessing the impact of glucocorticoids in patients with inflammatory respiratory, gastroenterological and dermatological conditions. Additionally, the feasibility of using the Steroid PRO with both patients and HCPs has been established. Future work should include quantitative testing of the Steroid PRO as an outcome measure within clinical trials in these conditions.Trial registration number NCT06314451.

Published
2025
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