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En la actualidad, a pesar de los impulsos por disminuir las brechas de género, desde la política pública y la sociedad civil, aún existen espacios donde las representaciones y expectativas sociales sobre roles y estereotipos limitan los cambios culturales. Tal es el caso de las instituciones de educación para la Primera Infancia, las cuales constituyen un espacio formativo altamente feminizado, cuyas perspectivas sobre la educación en género no han sido usualmente objeto de estudio ni de cuestionamiento. Este artículo de investigación tiene por objetivo comprender las representaciones sociales de género que expresan educadoras de párvulos chilenas, así como sus percepciones sobre el abordaje educativo de esta temática. Para ello se realizó una investigación cualitativa descriptiva/comprensiva basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis educadoras. Los resultados muestran la existencia de cuatro representaciones de género de las educadoras, las cuales cuestionan los roles tradicionales y la inequidad de género, no obstante, sólo en un caso se critica el sistema sexo/género binario. Adicionalmente, se describen los modos en que las educadoras declaran abordar la perspectiva de género en sus prácticas docentes, incluyendo las estrategias usadas en el aula, la implementación del currículum y la relación con las familias. Finalmente, se discute en torno a los avances en el cuestionamiento de las inequidades de género y a los desafíos que prevalecen tanto en la práctica educativa como en las políticas públicas.

Background: This work used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to assess the macular thickness asymmetry as a diagnostic marker of early glaucoma. Measurements of the thickness of the macula's superior and inferior quadrants as well as the overall thickness of macular ganglion cells will be used to do this. Objectives: The main goal of the study was to use OCT to detect early occurrences of glaucoma in students at Sohag University who had normal or rising IOP. Patients and Method: Case-control study patients and methodology There were 127 participants in this study, or 200 eyes total. 100 people in (Group 1) had early primary open angle glaucoma (cases) (100 eyes) with glaucomatous visual field abnormalities and/or signs of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). With regard to ( Group 2), there were 73 glaucoma-free, healthy controls (controls) with 100 eyes who were unharmed in their visual fields. Results: There is a significant difference in age, total GCL, superior GCL, and inferior GCL between early glaucoma cases and normal cases (P value = 0.000). Early glaucoma cases also had lower levels of total GCL, superior GCL, and inferior GCL. Age and total GCL have a weakly negative connection (r= -.158, P = 0.001), which is weakly negative. In binary logistic regression, Inferior GCL (P value 0.001), Superior GCL (P value = 0.004), and Total GCL (P value = 0.03) are the three variables that affect glaucoma the most. Conclusion: As a result, macular scans are a useful diagnostic tool for detecting early glaucoma. Age-related changes in the thickness of many retinal layers should also be taken into account when interpreting data on retinal layer and RNFL thickness in research examining the impact of disease on the retina.

Se destaca la importancia de la simplificación administrativa como estrategia esencial para optimizar los procesos burocráticos. Este artículo de revisión se enfoca en analizar la simplificación administrativa en gobiernos locales a través de una revisión bibliográfica que selecciona 19 artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2022 en bases de datos como Scielo, Scopus, Latindex y Google Scholar, cumpliendo con criterios de inclusión específicos. El análisis contextual consideró los artículos desarrollados en contextos municipales, seleccionando un total de 19 artículos que cumplían con los requisitos de inclusión. La revisión de la literatura sobre simplificación administrativa en gobiernos locales destaca la importancia de liderazgos efectivos, modernización de herramientas y atención a las necesidades ciudadanas para lograr una administración eficiente. A pesar de esfuerzos en la simplificación, persisten deficiencias, especialmente en áreas remotas, generando insatisfacción. La gestión eficiente de recursos humanos y la planificación de la participación ciudadana son clave.

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre la efectividad del entrenamiento simulado en estudiantes de enfermería. Método: Mediante búsqueda de artículos originales entre los años 2015 al 2023 en base de datos PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science y BVS, en idiomas español, portugués e inglés, utilizando términos “docentes de enfermería”, “entrenamiento simulado” y “estudiantes de enfermería”. Resultados principales: Después de recopilar, analizar y filtrar las investigaciones se enmarcaron en las siguientes temáticas: aplicación de los simuladores, los más usados, las ventajas, los retos y su utilidad en las universidades. Conclusión general: La aplicación de simuladores clínicos en la enseñanza resulta ser una estrategia efectiva, atractiva y de actualización para los estudiantes de enfermería, los más usados son los de baja fidelidad; las ventajas son el desarrollo de pensamiento reflexivo y habilidades psicomotoras de los estudiantes que mejora su seguridad y la del paciente; los retos por superar son los costos elevados en su adquisición y mantenimiento, deficiente practica de los docentes en su uso y experiencias de estrés en el estudiante; su utilidad en las universidades es amplia pero es limitada al no ser incluidos en el plan de estudios como parte de laboratorio y teniendo docentes no capacitados en su utilización.

Background Cervical cancer’s lymphatic spread primarily begins from the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), underlining their pivotal role in disease metastasis. However, these nodes’ immune gene expression profiles and immunoregulation mechanisms have yet to be explored.Methods Our study aimed to elucidate the immune cell populations and their roles in the immune gene expression profile of negative SLNs compared with positive SLNs and non-SLNs using Nanostring RNA seq analysis. We performed a principal component analysis on the log2 normalized expression of 685 endogenous genes in the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel, followed by an assessment of the differential expression of genes and immune cell type abundance.Results We found significant variations in gene expression among the groups, with negative SLNs displaying overexpression of genes related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, specifically innate cell populations. They also demonstrated the upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and T-cell priming. In contrast, positive SLNs were enriched in regulatory networks, suggesting their potential role in immune evasion. A comparison of negative SLNs and non-SLNs revealed increased innate and adaptive immune cell types, underscoring the ongoing T cell response to tumor antigens.Conclusion Our findings underscore a specific immunogenetic phenotype profile in negative SLNs, emphasizing their crucial role in the initial anticancer response, immunosurveillance, and the propagation of immune tolerance from the primary cervical tumor. These results highlight the potential of SLNs as a novel target for immunotherapy strategies and underscore the importance of new imaging methods for accurately identifying SLN status without removal. Future investigations are needed to understand further the immunological interplay within SLNs and their influence on cervical cancer progression.

Introducción: las comunicaciones bucosinusales son comunicaciones patológicas entre la cavidad oral y seno maxilar. La contaminación bacteriana pasadas las 24-72 horas puede provocar sinusitisque es un modo frecuente de manifestación. Objetivos: considerando el tipo, tamaño y localización. Desarrollo: los recientes avances en Cirugía Oral, como la introducción de técnicas renovadas han simplificado el proceso de tratamiento y han aumentado las tasas de éxito a largo plazo en términos de tiempo, eficiencia y reducción de riesgos. Al considerar la maniobra de Valsalva como método diagnóstico resulta controversial puesto que la presión puede producir comunicación que antes no se había presentado, por lo cual se la debe realizar con precaución. En cuanto a los métodos utilizados para extraer terceros molares, las tasas de éxito varían según el equipo, la técnica, el método y el protocolo utilizados. Conclusiones: en la literatura se han descrito varias estrategias para tratar una comunicación bucosinusal, pero los profesionales deben manejar los dispositivos e instrumentos de manera eficiente y segura para evitar complicaciones no deseadas. Por último, la prevención es fundamental, sobre todo durante las extracciones dentales, y ha permitido una reducción significativa de esta afección.

Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a contagious airborne disease that is spread from person to person via particles in the air which are expelled when speaking or coughing1. This retrospective observational study aims to assess the nosocomial transmission of pulmonary MTB among inpatient roommates in a high-risk oncological population over a 14-year period. With limited studies on the transmissibility of MTB in such environments, the investigation focuses on evaluating the risk of nosocomial transmission and implementation of appropriate infection control measures. Design: A retrospective analysis from 2010 – April 2023 was conducted in an acute care, 500-bed oncological center. Following exposure workups performed by the Department of Infection Prevention and Control, 17 of 57 identified patients with active pulmonary MTB had inpatient stays with roommates. Source infectivity showed 7 AFB smear positive results, 4 MTB PCR positive results, and 14 MTB culture positive results. Some index patients had a combination of AFB, PCR and/or culture positivity. A high-risk exposure is defined as any patient who shared a room with an index patient for >4 cumulative hours during the infectious period. Infectious period was determined for each index patient based on the onset of symptoms and laboratory results. Workups identified 33 exposed roommates who were notified and advised to undergo testing, employing QuantifERON (QFT-GIT) serum test or Tuberculin skin (TST) PPD test at least 8 weeks following their last day of exposure. The overlap between inpatient roommates and index patients ranged from 1 to 4 days, averaging 1.5 days. Results: Of the 33 high-risk roommates, 14 (42%) patients were unable to provide follow-up testing for various reasons including: patient expiration prior to testing, patient transfer to hospice, and being lost to follow up. Nineteen (58%) patients completed post-exposure testing. 12 patients underwent PPD testing (63%) and 7 patients underwent QuantifERON testing (37%). Zero (0%) were found to have a positive QuantifERON or PPD following their exposure. 15.8% (N=3) of exposed patients had hematologic malignancies, and 84.2% (N=16) of exposed patients had solid tumor malignancies. Conclusion: The risk of active pulmonary MTB transmission in an oncological, inpatient setting was determined to be low. The absence of positive conversions among roommates of confirmed MTB patients underscores the effectiveness of infection control measures, emphasizing the importance of isolating confirmed or suspected cases promptly. Ongoing efforts should continue to focus on these preventive measures to mitigate the risk of MTB transmission in similar high-risk settings.

Recent behavior analytic studies have examined behavioral skills training to teach adults to arrange safe infant sleeping environments. These studies were conducted in an analogue environment and with all training components delivered by an expert staff trainer. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend this literature by substituting video-based training for behavioral skills training. We assessed whether expectant caregivers could arrange safe infant sleeping environments following video-based training. The results suggested that video-based training alone resulted in positive outcomes for a portion of participants, whereas a subset of participants required feedback to reach mastery criteria. The social validity data suggest that the participants found the training procedures favorable.

Sleep-related infant deaths are one of the top causes of infant mortality in the United States. A few behavior analytic studies have examined behavioral skills training to teach adults to arrange safe infant sleeping environments. These studies were conducted in an analogue environment, and no data were collected outside the training setting. The purpose of the current study was to replicate and extend the extant literature. We taught caregivers to arrange safe infant sleeping environments in a community-based organization. Thereafter, we assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of a technology-based contingency management procedure to examine caregivers' adherence with arrangement of a safe sleeping environment for their newborns across a 2-week period. As in previous studies, behavioral skills training resulted in positive outcomes, and follow-up data suggested that the technology-based contingency management procedure may be a promising approach to promoting adherence with infant sleeping environment recommendations.

DNA origami nanostructures are emerging as a bottom-up nanopatterning approach. Direct combination of this approach with top-down nanotechnology, such as ion beams, has not been considered because of the soft nature of the DNA material. Here we demonstrate that the shape of 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si substrates is well preserved upon irradiation by ion beams, modeling ion implantation, lithography, and sputtering conditions. Structural changes in 2D DNA origami nanostructures deposited on Si are analyzed using AFM imaging. The observed effects on DNA origami include structure height decrease or increase upon fast heavy ion irradiation in vacuum and in air, respectively. Slow- and medium-energy heavy ion irradiation results in the cutting of the nanostructures or crater formation with ion-induced damage in the 10 nm range around the primary ion track. In all these cases, the designed shape of the 2D origami nanostructure remains unperturbed. Present stability and nature of damages on DNA origami nanostructures enable fusion of DNA origami advantages such as shape and positioning control into novel ion beam nanofabrication approaches.

In Indonesia, the maternal mortality rate remains high, encompassing women's health concerns such as pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Efforts to mitigate this rate involve the provision of quality services spanning from pregnancy to contraception. Pregnant women experience physical and emotional changes that have the potential to cause anxiety, especially before giving birth. To overcome this problem, Nahdlatul Ulama University in collaboration with RSI A. Yani, Surabaya City held community empowerment activities in the form of educational seminars that focused on preparation for childbirth for pregnant women. The main aim of this seminar is to increase participants' understanding of childbirth preparation. The methodology used included online and offline seminars attended by 20 pregnant women. Analysis of the results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires showed that there was a significant difference in participants' knowledge regarding childbirth preparation before and after the seminar, with a p-value 0.05. This community empowerment initiative is effective in increasing seminar participants' knowledge regarding childbirth preparation.

Active tectonics in an area includes ongoing or recent geologic events. This paper investigates the tectonic influence on the subsidence, uplift and tilt of western Saurashtra through morphotectonic analysis of ten watersheds along with characteristics of relief and drainage orientation. Watersheds 7–9 to the north (N) are tectonically active, which can be linked with the North Kathiawar Fault System (NKFS) and followed by watersheds 6, 10, 1, 4 and 5. Stream-length gradient index and sinuosity index indicate the effect of tectonic events along the master streams in watersheds 6–9. Higher R2 values of the linear curve fit for watershed 7 indicate its master stream is much more tectonically active than the others. The R2 curve fitting model and earthquake magnitude/depth analysis confirm the region to be active. The reactivation of the NKFS most likely led to the vertical movement of western Saurashtra.

In recent years, the development of commercial communications and live broadcast events on television has attracted a lot of attention from the public, especially the younger generation. Is a Trend in today’s digital world across various social media platforms, creating an opportunity for brands to market through social media influencers, many artists or athletes getting involved with the product and delivering their reviews so that many target audiences. We call beauty influencers. Currently, generation Z will tend to look at reviews from beauty influencers before they buy a product. This research aims to see the effect of beauty influencers on customer purchase intention in cosmetic products. This research on Generation Z. The sample was 100 respondents using purposive sampling. The data will be processed using regression. The results show that the role of beauty influencers can increase the purchase intentions of Generation Z partially or simultaneously and influences 87.6% and the remaining 12.4% is influenced by other variables not examined in this research. Keywords : beauty influencer, purchase intention, gen z

El objetivo es identificar la influencia del ecosistema en la competitividad y el desarrollo sostenible, considerando para ello variables propias de las dimensiones social, económica y ambiental. Empleando un análisis de datos de panel, se estimó la relación entre el índice de desarrollo sostenible, las variables ambientales (emisiones de CO2) y los pilares de la competitividad. Los resultados indican que la sostenibilidad se explica por la institucionalidad, la educación, el desarrollo financiero y la innovación; mientras que las emisiones de CO2 se ven afectadas por la infraestructura, el entorno macroeconómico, la educación, el desarrollo financiero, el tamaño mercado y la innovación. En la región se evidencian mejoras en la dimensión social y económica del desarrollo sostenible, más no así en la reducción de emisiones de CO2 y de huella de materiales. Se puede concluir que los pilares de la competitividad generan un impacto positivo en el índice de sostenibilidad, en tanto que en las emisiones de CO2 se evidencia una relación inversa con la estabilidad macroeconómica

Background Sea cucumbers can be explored as alternative raw materials by the pharmaceutical and fishery industries as anticancer agents because they contain potential bioactive compounds. Methods This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of Paracaudina australis extract against breast cancer cells (T47D) using an MTT assay. The secondary metabolites found in P.australis are steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and phenolics. The Thin-Layer Chromatography test results are indicated by Rf values, and steroid compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction are included in the standard Rf values. The isolates obtained were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, High-performance liquid chromatography, and UV-Visual spectrophotometry. Results The isolated compounds were Dihydrocholesterol and Cholestan-3-ol, with a molecular formula (C 27H 48O). The ion weight and molecular mass of the compound were m/z 388,7. Conclusions This compound may be responsible for the anticancer activity of P.australis. The IC 50 of Isolate F4 was 25,3 μg/ml, and IC 50 of Isolate F7,8 was 13,76 μg/ml.

This study investigates the feasibility of employing an in-house-developed physical phantom dedicated to the weekly quality control testing of radiographic systems, performed by radiographers. For this purpose, a 3D phantom was fabricated, featuring test objects, including a model representing a lesion. Alongside this phantom, a commercial phantom, specifically, IBA’s Primus L, was utilized. Weekly imaging of both phantoms was conducted over a span of four weeks, involving different imaging protocols and anode voltages. Subsequently, the obtained data underwent visual evaluation, as well as measurement of the intensity of selected regions of interest. The average values for three incident kilovoltages remained consistently stable over the four weeks, with the exception of the “low energy” case, which exhibited variability during the first week of measurements. Following experiments in “Week 1”, the X-Ray unit was identified as malfunctioning and underwent necessary repairs. The in-house-developed phantom demonstrated its utility in assessing the performance of the X-Ray system.

Hyperammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) are a class of microbes present in the stomach of ruminants, responsible for the rapid rate of ammonia production from protein degradation beyond the capacity of these animals for their utilization. Thus, ruminant nutritionists are interested in decreasing ruminal protein degradation and ammonia genesis by focusing on controlling the activity of HAB. The investigations of the present study were carried out to determine predominant hyperammonia-producing bacteria in the rumen of buffaloes, their isolation and characterization, as well as the inhibition of these isolates with various sources of plant secondary compounds (tannins, saponins, and essential oils). Studies employing high-throughput sequencing of amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene from genomic DNA recovered from enrichment culture of HAB of buffalo rumina indicated that, at the phylum level, Proteobacteria (61.1 to 68.2%) was the most predominant HAB. Acidaminococcus was most predominant among the identified genera. In vitro experiments were conducted with enrichment culture of buffalo rumen contents incubated with different types of feed additives such as essential oils (eucalyptus oil, lemon grass oil, and clove oil) and extracts of plants (Sapindus mukorossi fruits and Ficus bengalensis leaves), each at graded dose levels. The reduction in ammonia production by clove and lemon grass oils was evident due to the presence of major bioactive compounds, especially eugenol and limonene, which have strong antimicrobial activity. However, clove oil and Indian soapberry/reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) fruit were found to be promising and effective in reducing the growth, protease production, and ammonia production of HAB culture.

The multifaceted long-term impairments resulting from critical illness and COVID-19 require interdisciplinary management approaches in the recovery phase of illness. Operational insights into the structure and process of recovery clinics (RCs) from heterogeneous health systems are needed. This study describes the structure and process characteristics of existing and newly implemented ICU-RCs and COVID-RCs in a subset of large health systems in the United States.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingThirty-nine RCs, representing a combined 156 hospitals within 29 health systems participated.PatientsNone.InterventionsNone.Measurement and main resultsRC demographics, referral criteria, and operating characteristics were collected, including measures used to assess physical, psychologic, and cognitive recoveries. Thirty-nine RC surveys were completed (94% response rate). ICU-RC teams included physicians, pharmacists, social workers, physical therapists, and advanced practice providers. Funding sources for ICU-RCs included clinical billing (n = 20, 77%), volunteer staff support (n = 15, 58%), institutional staff/space support (n = 13, 46%), and grant or foundation funding (n = 3, 12%). Forty-six percent of RCs report patient visit durations of 1 hour or longer. ICU-RC teams reported use of validated scales to assess psychologic recovery (93%), physical recovery (89%), and cognitive recovery (86%) more often in standard visits compared with COVID-RC teams (psychologic, 54%; physical, 69%; and cognitive, 46%).ConclusionsOperating structures of RCs vary, though almost all describe modest capacity and reliance on volunteerism and discretionary institutional support. ICU- and COVID-RCs in the United States employ varied funding sources and endorse different assessment measures during visits to guide care coordination. Common features include integration of ICU clinicians, interdisciplinary approach, and focus on severe critical illness. The heterogeneity in RC structures and processes contributes to future research on the optimal structure and process to achieve the best postintensive care syndrome and postacute sequelae of COVID outcomes.